Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology: Submitted by

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology
Course Name: MME 102
Expt.#8: Production and properties of ceramic, polymer and composites – (a) 3-

and/or 4-point bend test of materials (ceramics/refractory/glass/tile); (b) Hands-on
experience on manufacturing fiber-reinforced polymer composite using hand layup
technique; (c) Tensile test of polymer and polymer composites
Submitted by
Name: REFAT BIN SULTAN
Dept.: MME
Sec: A-2
Student ID: 2211041
Date of Performance: 05/02/2024

Date of Submission: 05/03/2024
Objective:
Tensile Test and 3-Point Bend Test are two common mechanical tests used to evaluate the
properties of materials. Let's explore each of them in more detail:
Tensile Test:
1. Stress-Strain Behavior: The primary objective of a tensile test is to understand how a
material responds to applied tensile forces. The stress-strain curve generated during the
test provides crucial information about the material's behavior under load.
2. Yield Strength: Tensile tests help identify the yield point, which is the stress at which the
material begins to deform plastically. This is important for determining the material's
ability to withstand permanent deformation.
3. Elastic Modulus: The elastic modulus, or Young's modulus, is a measure of the
material's stiffness. It indicates the resistance to deformation under low stress levels,
providing essential information for designing components and predicting their response
to loads.
4. Material Quality: Tensile tests are employed to assess the consistency and reliability of
materials produced through various manufacturing processes. Comparing the results with
specified standards helps ensure the quality of materials.
5. Material Comparison: Tensile tests facilitate the comparison of different materials,
aiding in the selection of the most suitable material for a particular application based on
factors like strength, ductility, and stiffness.
3-Point Bend Test:

1. Mechanical Properties: The 3-point bend test is conducted to determine mechanical
properties such as flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, and fracture toughness. These
properties are crucial for understanding how a material behaves under bending forces.
2. Quality Assessment: This test is valuable in assessing the quality and consistency of
materials, particularly in manufacturing processes where materials must meet specific
specifications. It helps identify any variations or defects in the material.
3. Material Comparison: Similar to the tensile test, the 3-point bend test is used to
compare different materials based on their bending behavior. This comparison aids in
selecting the most appropriate material for a particular application, considering factors
related to bending and flexural strength.
Theory:
Your descriptions provide a concise and informative overview of both the tensile test and the
three-point bend test. Here's a summary highlighting the key points for each:
Tensile Test: The tensile test is a fundamental mechanical assessment technique used to evaluate
how materials respond to axial tensile loading. The test involves subjecting a standardized
specimen to gradual tension until failure, allowing for the determination of properties such as
yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and ductility. Engineers and scientists use the results of
the tensile test to gain valuable insights into a material's performance under tensile loading
conditions. This information is crucial for material characterization, material selection, design
optimization, and quality control in various engineering and materials science applications.
Three-Point Bend Test: The three-point bend test is a vital mechanical evaluation method
employed to analyze the strength and stiffness properties of materials under bending loads. In
this test, a specimen is supported at two points while a load is applied at a third point, inducing
bending. By measuring parameters like flexural strength and modulus of elasticity, the three-
point bend test provides valuable insights into how a material behaves under bending stress.
Widely used in engineering and materials science, this test plays a pivotal role in material
selection, design optimization, and quality control processes.
In summary, both tests serve as essential tools for understanding and characterizing materials,
enabling informed decision-making in various engineering and materials science applications.
Procedure:
Tensile Test:
1. Specimen Dimension Measurement:
 Vernier calipers were used to measure the dimensions of each specimen.
2. Gauge Length Determination:
 A gauge length of 50 mm was established for each specimen.
3. Set Up and Loading:
 Each specimen was placed into the grips of the universal testing machine, and
force was applied gradually.
4. Data Collection:
 Load and corresponding displacement or strain were recorded until failure, and a
load vs. strain curve was generated during the test.
5. Analysis:
 Yield strength and ultimate tensile strength were calculated from the coordinates
extracted from the generated curve during the test.
6. Post Failure Measurements and Calculations:
 After failure, the dimensions and lengths of the specimen were measured again to
calculate the percentage of elongation and the percentage of area reduction.
3-Point Bend Test:
1. Specimen Dimension Measurement:
 The dimensions of each specimen were measured using Vernier calipers.
2. Span Length Calculations:
 Span lengths were calculated by multiplying the thickness by 16.
3. Set Up:
 Specimens were mounted in the universal testing machine, ensuring proper
alignment.
4. Loading:
 A force was applied vertically on top of the specimen midway between the
supports.
5. Data Collection:
 A curve indicating Load vs. displacement during the test was generated, and the
coordinates were extracted for further analysis.
6. Analysis:
 Compressive force and flexural strength were measured for each sample from the
curve.
Data Collection:
Table-01: Tensile Test
Mater Widt Thick Cross Gauge Load Yield Maximum Ultimate %elongation
ial h ness Sectio Length at Strength Load (kN) Tensile
Type (mm) (mm) nal , σy
(mm) Yield Strength,
Area (MPa) σuts
Point
(mm2) (kN) (MPa)
Jute 13.175 1.25 16.46 60 0.19 11.54 0.69 41.91 2.83%

Mat-PS
Glass 13 1.6 20.80 60 0.32 15.38 0.65 31.25 8.33%

Mat-PS
Tensile test graph for Glass Mat:
Tensile test graph for Jute Mat:

Table -02: 3-Point Bend Test
Material Thickness Length Breadth Span Compressi Flexor
Type (mm) (mm) (mm) Length on vs Strength,
(mm) Load (N) σf (MPa)
Jute Mat-PP 1.5 70 13.325 16.8 22.4 78.44
Glass Mat 1.2 79 19 19.2 23.6 102.21

PP
3-point bend test for Glass Mat:
3-point bend test for Jute Mat:

Discussion:
Comparing the results of the tensile test and the 3-point bend test allows for a comprehensive
evaluation of the material's mechanical properties under different loading conditions. Engineers
and material scientists can use this information to make informed decisions regarding material
selection, design optimization, and quality control processes based on the specific requirements
of the intended application.

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology: Submitted by

Uploaded by

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology: Submitted by

Uploaded by

Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology

Course Name: MME 102

Expt.#8: Production and properties of ceramic, polymer and composites – (a) 3-

Date of Performance: 05/02/2024

3-Point Bend Test:

Jute 13.175 1.25 16.46 60 0.19 11.54 0.69 41.91 2.83%

Glass 13 1.6 20.80 60 0.32 15.38 0.65 31.25 8.33%

Tensile test graph for Glass Mat:

Tensile test graph for Jute Mat:

Jute Mat-PP 1.5 70 13.325 16.8 22.4 78.44

Glass Mat 1.2 79 19 19.2 23.6 102.21

3-point bend test for Glass Mat:

3-point bend test for Jute Mat:

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