Ch-2 MICROORGANISMS FRIEND OR FOE QA
Ch-2 MICROORGANISMS FRIEND OR FOE QA
Ch-2 MICROORGANISMS FRIEND OR FOE QA
CHAPTER-2
MICROORGANISMS: FRIENDS AND FOE
INTEXT QUESTIONS
PAGE NUMBER 19
1. I saw that my mother added a little yoghurt to warm milk to set yoghurt for the next day. I wonder why?
Ans.
a) When a little yoghurt is added to lukewarm milk, the milk gets converted into yoghurt.
b) Bacteria lactobacillus converts lactose sugar to lactic acid giving it its sour taste and typical flavor.
c) Liquid milk gets converted into semisolid yoghurt due to the coagulation of the protein called casein present in
the milk. Casein coagulation takes place only when the medium is acidic.
PAGE NUMBER 21
2. We should keep a handkerchief on the nose and mouth while sneezing & keep a distance from infected
persons. Give reasons.
Ans.
We should keep a handkerchief on the nose and mouth while sneezing & keep a distance from infected persons as
a) Respiratory tract infections are droplet infections. Droplet infections are spread by airborne droplets of
secretion from nose, throat or lungs.
b) When a person suffering from cold sneezes, fine droplets of moisture carrying thousands of viruses are spread
in the air.
c) The virus may enter the body of a healthy person while breathing.
d) By keeping a handkerchief on the nose and mouth while sneezing & by maintaining a safe distance from
infected persons can prevent a healthy person from getting infected by droplet infections.
Therefore we should keep a handkerchief on the nose and mouth while sneezing & keep a distance from
infected persons.
3. Why does the teacher keep telling us not to let water collect anywhere in the neighborhood?
Ans.
Teacher keeps telling us not to let water collect anywhere because stagnant water promotes breeding of mosquitoes
which could be carriers of diseases like malaria, dengue, chikungunya, elephantiasis, etc.
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PAGE NUMBER 26
1. Why does the milk that comes in packets not spoil? My mother told me that the milk is ‘Pasteurized’ what is
pasteurization?
Ans.
The milk that comes in packet does not get spoilt because it is Pasteurized. Pasteurization is a process that kills
harmful bacteria. In this process milk is heated to about 70OC for 15 to 30 seconds and then suddenly chilled and
stored.
1) Vaccine-
A small dose of dead and weakened disease causing microbes used to stimulate immune response in the body
is called vaccine.
2) Immunity-
The ability of one’s body to resist a disease is known as immunity.
3) Pasteurization of milk-
Pasteurization is a process that kills harmful bacteria. In this process milk is heated to about 70OC for 15 to 30
seconds and then suddenly chilled and stored.
4) Fermentation-
The process of conversion of sugar into alcohol by the action of microbes like yeast is called fermentation.
5) Pathogen-
A pathogen or infectious agent is a biological agent that causes disease or illness to its host.
6) Vector-
A vector is an agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen into another living organism.
7) Communicable diseases-
Microbial diseases that can spread from an infected person to a healthy person through air, water, food,
physical contact or by animals are called communicable diseases.
8) Chronic Disease-
Chronic disease is a disease which generally cannot be prevented by vaccines or cured by medication, nor
does it just disappear. It generally, lasts for more than three months or sometimes lifelong.
9) Non-Communicable Diseases-
Non-Communicable diseases are a diverse group of chronic diseases that you cannot catch from another
person. They are diseases of long duration, slow progression & they are major cause of adult mortality.
10) Acute Disease-
A disease or disorder that lasts a short time comes on rapidly & is accompanied by distinct symptoms.
EXERCISE QUESTIONS
PAGE NUMBER 29-30
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f. The process of conversion of sugar into alcohol is called
(i) nitrogen fixation (ii) moulding (iii)fermentation(iv) infection
Ans. Fermentation (iii)
4. Can microorganisms be seen with the naked eye? If not, how can they be seen?
Ans.
No, The microorganisms are too tiny to be seen with the naked eye. They can be seen only under a microscope.
6. Name the microorganisms which can fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil. (CW)
Ans.
Following are the bacteria that can fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil.
Symbiotic bacteria e.g.-Rhizobium
Free living bacteria e.g.- Azotobacter, Nostoc, Clostridium, Anabaena, Cyanobacteria (Blue green algae)
8. In a tabular form list human and plant diseases, their causative agents, mode of transfer & preventive measures.
Ans.
The common human and plant diseases are listed in a tabular form as follows-
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9. What are antibiotics? What precautions must be taken while taking antibiotics? (CW)
Ans.
The medicines produced by living organisms such as bacteria and fungi which kill or stop the growth of the disease
causing microorganisms(pathogens) present in our body are called Antibiotics.
Precautions taken while taking Antibiotics-
a) Antibiotics should be taken under the supervision of a well-qualified Doctor.
b) Course of Antibiotics should be completed according to the prescription given by the Doctor.
c) Antibiotics should be taken in the right amount & at the right time because Antibiotics taken unnecessarily may
kill beneficial bacteria in the body, especially in the digestive tract.
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
1. Communicable disease refers to diseases that can pass Non-communicable diseases occur in one person
from one person to another. and cannot be passed on to another person.
2. Communicable diseases are also known as infectious Non-communicable diseases are referred to as
diseases. chronic diseases.
3. Communicable diseases are more likely to be acute, Non-communicable diseases tend to be chronic,
which means the disease develops quickly. which means they last for a long time and progress
slowly.
4. Generally involves the lower socioeconomic group Involves generally affluent class.
5. Vehicles of transmission and the vectors play a major Dietary habits, environment and lifestyle play a
role in the spread of disease. role in the causation of these diseases.
E.g.- common cold, pneumonia and tuberculosis E.g.- Diabetes, Arthritis, High blood pressure,
Scurvy
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2. Chronic disease and Acute disease.
1. A chronic disease lasts for a long time. An acute disease lasts for a short time.
2. Chronic disease can cause major damage to body Acute disease does not cause major damage to body
organs. organs.
3. Chronic disease needs long term treatment and Acute disease needs short term treatment.
care.
4. Hereditary and most of the degenerative diseases Most of the infectious diseases are acute diseases.
are chronic diseases.
5. It takes a long time to get cured, so suffering is for It takes a shorter time to get cured, so suffering is only
a longer duration. when there are acute symptoms.
E.g. Cancer, Diabetes E.g. Common cold, influenza.
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3. Yeast is added to the flour to prepare bread dough.
Ans.
Yeast is added to the flour to prepare bread dough because,
a) The yeast uses sugar present in the dough as food.
b) During the fermentation of sugar in the dough, carbon dioxide and alcohol are formed.
c) This fermentation is responsible for the typical taste, flavour and pleasant smell of bread.
d) Carbon dioxide & alcohol are trapped in the sticky dough.
e) When this dough is baked, carbon dioxide expands and escapes and alcohol evaporate from the bread loaf,
making it light and fluffy.
1) Bacterial Cell
2) Yeast
3) Rhizopus or Bread Mould
4) Amoeba
5) Paramoecium/
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DIAGRAMS -- FOR LABELLING
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