Elp - 455 Commercial Bee Keeping Presentation
Elp - 455 Commercial Bee Keeping Presentation
Elp - 455 Commercial Bee Keeping Presentation
Submitted by
1. Souvik Pal - AG 41
2. Pranidhi Das - AG 17
3. Subhadip Adak – AG 40
4. Akolina Paul- AG 19
5. Soumava Sarkar-AG 24
1
INDEX
SL NO. TOPIC PAGE NUMBER
1 INTRODUCTION SCOPE 1-4
OF BEEKEEPING
2 TYPES OF HONEY BEE 5-6
AND THEIR LIFE CYCLE
3 COLONIZATION OF 7-9
HONEY BEE
4 SEASONAL 10
MANAGEMENT AND
BEHAVIOUR OF BEE
5 COMMERCIAL HONEY 11-12
BEE REARING
6 BEE KEEPING 13-14
EQUIPMENT
7 PEST &DISEASE OF 15
HONEY BEE
8 CONCLUTION 16
What is honey bee and Bee- keeping
❑ Honey bee is a social & beneficial insect. They lives in hive.They are flying insect&
close relatives of wasp.
❑ Kingdom - Animalia
❑ Phylum – Arthropoda
❑ class – Insecta
❑ Order – Hymenoptera
❑ Family – Apidae
❑ Genus – Apis
Beekeeping
✓ The science that aims to study the life, behavior & activity of honey bee
in order to obtain bee products and crop pollination.
✓ Maintenance of honey bee colonies, commonly in hives, by humans.
❖ What is Apiculture?
The science of rearing honey bees and maintaining their
colonies by humans to get products like honey, bee wax,
bee venom, propolis etc. is called Apiculture.
❖OBJECTIVES OF THE ELP ON COMMERCIAL
BEEKEEPING
❖ Cardamom (35%)
➢ Cherry(80%)
❖ Cotton (20%)
➢ Onion(65% )
✓Globally, 33% of the human diet comes from insect pollinated plants and
the honey bee is responsible for 80% of that pollination.
World scenario of Beekeeping
➢ About 50 million bee colonies, mostly, Apis mellifera, maintained all over the world.
➢ Major honey producing countries are China, USA(85000MTs), Mexico, Argentina, Ukraine,
Turkey, Russia & India.
➢ China is only Asian country producing nearly 1.6 lakh M. T. of honey, 12800 M.T. of beeswax
against 43400 M. T. of world production.
➢ China also produces 1000 M. T. of pollen and 800 M.T. of royal jelly and biggest exporter of
honey, beeswax and other bee products.
➢ 70 lakh A.mellifera bee colonies and 30 lakh A.cerana bee colonies in China and they have a
plan to increase this number to 5 times in next few decades.
Status of bee keeping in India
✓ About 14 lakh colonies by 2.5 lakh beekeepers
✓ Employment to 1.5 lakh persons
✓ Annual honey production 70,000 tonnes
(54.15% from domesticated and 45.85 from wild)
✓ Apis cerena and mallifera both are practice
✓ Avg. yield of honey is 21kg./hive
✓ Values of export of honey approx. 250 Crores
✓ Major market Germany, USA,Japan, France,
Italy and Spain
Important species of Honey-bee in Bee keeping
Apis dorsata
❖ Open nesting. Builds single large comb
❖ attached to branches of trees or rocks etc.
❖ Found in plains as well as hills up to 1600 meters
❖ above sea level. Highly migratory.
❖ Biggest honey bee (16-18mm)
❖ Swarming/ Absconding tendency Strong
❖ Furious in Temperament
❖ 40 kg Honey
❖ wild bees, cannot be domesticated
Apis cerena indica
✓Cavity nesting. Builds many parallel combs
in cavities of tree trunks, hollows of rocks,
poles and other Covered places.
✓Found throughout India
✓Medium size (14-15mm)
✓Strong tendency of Swarming
✓Furious in temperament
✓5 kg (Hive bees;can be domesticated)
Apis mellifera
✓ Cavity nesting and similar in
habits to Apis cerana.
✓ builds parallel combs.
✓ Exotic bee to India, Introduced
successfully in 1962
✓ Medium size (14-16mm)
✓ Swarming only in African sub
species
✓ Gentle in temperament
✓ 15 kg honey
Apis florae
✓Open nesting, Builds single small comb fixed to
ranches of bushes
✓Found in plains up to 300 mtr above sea level.
Highly migratory.
✓Smallest Apis bee (9- 10mm)
✓Swarming/ Absconding tendency Strong
✓Temperament Mild
✓500 g Average honey yield per colony/year
✓wild bees; cannot be domesticated
QUEEN BEE DRONES WORKER BEE
Queen bee is the only fertile Drones are the male member of They perform different duties depending upon
female in colony She is largest in colony. Drones can live up to their age which are as follows: Day 1-14:
size. No wax glands. Live for about 60 days. Sting and wax Activity inside the hive such as cleaning the
about 3-4 years. May lay eggs at gland absent. Develops from hive, feeding the larvae, etc. Day 14-20 : Guard
unfertilized egg. the entrance of the hive. Day 21- 35: Foraging,
the rate of 1500- 2000 per day.
The sole duty of drone is to .
✓ She is normally larger than the other bees in the hive and has a slim torpedo
shape. She does have a stinger, but uses it to kill other queens.
✓ Can produce 1,500 eggs per day or more at the height of the brood season
✓ Her role in the hive is to produce eggs and to release pheromone signals within
the hive
Worker Profile
✓ Female but typically not able to reproduce
✓ A colony will have 20,000 - 60,000
✓ Live for 4-6 weeks in summer, 4-5 months in winter
✓ Develops from a fertilized egg
✓ The rear-end of the drone is rounded --they have no stinger and can not sting.
✓ They emerge in 24 days, larger than the female workers. The drone is the male
bee in the hive.
✓ He provides ½ of the genetic material in worker bees. His life span depends on
the health of the colony. During poor honey flows and honey shortages, drones
may be driven from the hive. This happens at the onset of winter as well.
Copulation Female
Male
(drone) (queen)
3 DAYS 3 DAYS
Larva
Larva
6 DAYS 6 DAYS
Pupa
Pupa 12 DAYS
Adult
Adult Female(worker)
Male (Drone) ROYAL JELLY FOR 3 DAYS
Round dance
Waggle dance When food
When food source is source is > 50 meters away
< 50 m from hive ✓Waggle dance used during swarming
to communicate possible nest sites
Seasonal management
of
Honey bee and bee hive
Spring season Management
✓Cleaning
✓Avoid Starvation
✓Timely disease inspection
✓Re- queening
✓Removal of honey crop
✓Creating space for expansion within the hive swarm
control
Summer season Management
✓ Provide shade to hives
✓ Re-queening
Winter season Management
✓ Place the colony under sun rays
1. Jeolikot model
2. Newton model
3. Langstroth model
THE HIVE
Roof
Honey supers
Queen excluder
Brood chamber
Alighting board
Stand
Parts of typical moveable hive
✓ A saturated solution of
carbohydrates
✓ 17% water
82.5% sugar:
✓ fructose 38%
✓ glucose 31%
✓ maltose 7%
✓ sucrose 1.5%
✓ 0.5% protein,
minerals, vitamins
Bee wax
❖ Produced from four pairs of sub-
dermal glands on the underside of
the abdomen of a worker bee.
❖ When the bee is 10 to 18 days old
❖ Produced as small, translucent
flakes
Precursor is honey & nectar
(carbohydrates)
USE -COSMETICS
creams, lotions, lipstick
CANDLES
liturgical, Jewish, Greek Orthodox, but most
of all the RCC.
Royal Jelly
Definition
the glandular secretions of young worker bees (4-10 days
old), produced by the hypopharyngeal in the head, used as
food for larval bees.
Composition
66% water
14% protein
14% carbohydrate
5% lipid (fats & sterols)
Bee Venom
❑ Uses
❑ As Pure Bee Venom for use in desensitization
❑ As quackery for charlatans in treating a variety of
neurological disorders.
❑ Composition
❑a mixture of proteins & peptides
❑melittin 50% dry wt
❑phospholipase A 12% dry wt
❑hyaluronidase <3% dry wt.
❑acid phosphatase <1% dry wt.
❑histamine <1% dry wt.
POLLEN
Plant male gametophyte
a reproductive structure that carries
sperm
A primary food substance for bees
directly as food to older larvae
indirectly as the precursor for royal
jelly
❖ What is an apiary?
Apiary is the place where the bee colonies are kept
Selection of good apiary site:-
✓ The apiary site should be rich in bee flora which may
provide forage for most parts of the year and in addition
there should be good density of honey flow sources near
the apiary site. For collecting 20 kg of honey, one colony
needs 100 blooming trees or 2-4 acres of blooming crop
✓ The apiary site should be easily accessible by road
✓ There should be availability of fresh running water near
the apiary
✓ The apiary site should have natural or artificial wind
breaks to protect the bees from strong/chilly winds
✓ The site should receive morning and afternoon sunshine.
During summer provision of shade (either using
artificial structures or using shade of the trees) should be
made
✓ Bee colonies in an apiary kept under trees which provide
shade during summer
✓ An Apiary dhould be located where there is abundance of necter and pollen yielding
plants within in the radius about 1 to 1.5 km
✓ A good barbed wire fences or a live hedge may be provided to keep out intruders
✓ Site Should Free be free from termites and black ant infestations
Bee k e eping
Equipments
BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENTS
▪ Protective Equipments
A) Bee suit
B) Use:-Bee suits protect the body
area from stings
A) Bee Veils
B) Use:-Bee veils protect
the head and neck area
from stings.
A) Gloves
B) Use:-Bee gloves protect
the hand and forearm
area.
A) Queen Excluder
B) Use:- Perforated zinc sheets or
round wire assembled in such
away that workers can pass
through them & queen Cannot.
A) Bee Escape
B) Use:- To provide one way
passage to bees
A) Feeders
B) Use:- It is used for feeding
sugar syrup to the bee
colonies.
A) Bee Brush
B) Use:- To brush the bees from frames
A) Smoker
B) Use:-Used to calm
down the bees while
opening the hive
A) Honey Extractor
B) Use:- It is a machine to
centrifuge out the honey
from uncapped frames
A) Hive tool
B) Use:- An iron strip used for opening
of hive and its opening
A) Wax Melter
B) Use:- Double walled
chamber for melting of
bees wax for making
comb foundation
sheets
A) Pollen Trap
B) Use:-For trapping corbicular pollen
of returning bee foragers. For A.
mellifera pollen trapping screen
has holes of 4.7 to 5mm & for
A.cerena 3.5 to 3.7mm
A) Uncapping Knife
B) Use:Large Sized knife used to uncap the
frames before honey extraction.
A) Observation Hive
B) Use:- Small hives with
glass slides so as to
observe movements and
behaviour of bees.
A) Queen Cage
B) Use:- Used to introduce new colony and
also to transport the queen.
A) Queen Cell Protector
B) Use:-A Spring like structure for protecting
queen cells.
Acarine disease is caused by the mite American foulbrood (AFB) is a bacterial Nosema is a serious disease of adult
Acarapis woodi that gets into the brood disease that results from the European honey bees including queen
tracheae of the bee through its breathing infection of honey bee larvae with bees. In some years, nosema may cause
holes or spiracles in its thorax or Paenibacillus larvae. While it only attacks serious losses of adult bees and colonies
midsection. Bees affected by this mite larvae, AFB weakens the colony and can in autumn and spring. Spores of this
are unable to fly, have disjointed wings quickly lead to its death in only three organism can only be seen using a light
and distended abdomens. weeks microscope.
.
DISEASES OF HONEYBEE
Wax Moth
Predatory Wasps Ectoparasitic Mites Ectoparasitic Mites
Vespa sp. Galleria Tropilaelaps clareae Varroa destructor
mellonella
Larvae tunnel through midrib of
Catch the bees at hive entrance the comb, brood rearing Cavity nesting and similar in
Feeds on brood, may leads to
and kill them. They can even habits to Apis cerana and builds
hampered.More prevalent in absconding situation.
perish a whole colony if it’s weak. monsoon. parallel combs.
➢ Net income from 100 Bee colonies is around Rs. 1.70 lakhs/annum