Gravitation 1b520cfa 17cf 4af0 b58c 14d72fccc668
Gravitation 1b520cfa 17cf 4af0 b58c 14d72fccc668
Gravitation 1b520cfa 17cf 4af0 b58c 14d72fccc668
D-3. Two earth satellites A and B each of equal mass are to be launched into circular orbits about earth’s
centre. Satellite ‘A’ is to orbit at an altiude of 6400 km and B at 19200 km. The radius of the earth is
6400 km. Determine-
(a) the ratio of the potential energy
(b) the ratio of kinetic energy
(c) which one has the greater total energy
D-4. The Saturn is about six times farther from the Sun than The Mars. Which planet has :
(a) the greater period of revolution ? (b) the greater orbital speed and
(c) the greater angular speed ?
E-2. If a pendulum has a period of exactly 1.00 sec. at the equator, what would be its period at the south
pole ? Assume the earth to be spherical and rotational effect of the Earth is to be taken.
(C)
Gm
r
1 2 2 (D) zero
A-2. Two blocks of masses m each are hung from a balance as shown in the
figure. The scale pan A is at height H1 whereas scale pan B is at height
H2. Net torque of weights acting on the system about point 'C', will be
(length of the rod is and H1 & H2 are << R) (H1 > H2)
A-4. Three identical stars of mass M are located at the vertices of an equilateral triangle with side L. The
speed at which they will move if they all revolve under the influence of one another’s gravitational force
in a circular orbit circumscribing the triangle while still preserving the equilateral triangle :
2GM GM GM
(A) (B) (C) 2 (D) not possible at all
L L L
B-3. A very large number of particles of same mass m are kept at horizontal distances of 1m, 2m, 4m, 8m
and so on from (0, 0) point. The total gravitational potential at this point (0, 0) is :
(A) – 8G m (B) – 3G m (C) – 4G m (D) – 2G m
B-5.Figure show a hemispherical shell having uniform mass density. The direction of
gravitational field intensity at point P will be along:
(A) a (B) b (C) c (D) d
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(A) GM (B) 2 GM (C) 2GM (D) 2GM
R R0 R R0 R R0 R R0
C-2. Three equal masses each of mass ‘m’ are placed at the three-corners of an equilateral triangle of side ‘a’.
(a) If a fourth particle of equal mass is placed at the centre of triangle, then net force acting on it, is equal
to :
Gm2 4Gm2 3Gm2
(A) (B) (C) (D) zero
a2 3a2 a2
(b) In above problem, if fourth particle is at the mid-point of a side, then net force acting on it, is equal to:
Gm2 4Gm2 3Gm2
(A) (B) (C) (D) zero
a2 3a2 a2
(c) If above given three particles system of equilateral triangle side a is to be changed to side of 2a, then
work done on the system is equal to :
3Gm2 3Gm2 4Gm2 Gm2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
a 2a 3a a
(d) In the above given three particle system, if two particles are kept fixed and third particle is released.
Then speed of the particle when it reaches to the mid-point of the side connecting other two masses:
2Gm Gm Gm Gm
(A) (B) 2 (C) (D)
a a a 2a
Section : (D) Kepler’s law for Satellites, Orbital Velocity and Escape Velocity
D-1. Periodic-time of satellite revolving around the earth is - ( is density of earth)
1 1
(A) Proportional to (B) Proportional to
(C) Proportional (D) does not depend on .
D-2. An artificial satellite of the earth releases a package. If air resistance is neglected the point where the
package will hit (with respect to the position at the time of release) will be
(A) ahead (B) exactly below
(C) behind (D) it will never reach the earth
D-3.The figure shows the variation of energy with the orbit radius of a body in circular
planetary motion. Find the correct statement about the curves A, B and C
(A) A shows the kinetic energy, B the total energy and C the potential energy of
the system
(B) C shows the total energy, B the kinetic energy and A the potential energy of
the system
(C) C and A are kinetic and potential energies respectively and B is the total
energy of the system
(D) A and B are the kinetic and potential energies respectively and C is the total
energy of the system.
D-4. A planet of mass m revolves around the sun of mass M in an elliptical orbit. The minimum and
maximum distance of the planet from the sun are r1 & r2 respectively. If the minimum velocity of the
2GMr1
planet is then it's maximum velocity will be :
(r1 r2 )r2
2GMr2 2GMr1 2Gmr2 2GM
(A) (B) g (C) (D)
(r1 r2 )r1 (r1 r2 )r2 (r1 r2 )r1 r1 r2
D-5. The escape velocity for a body projected vertically upwards from the surface of earth is 11 km/s. If the
body is projected at an angle of 45º with the vertical, the escape velocity will be :
(A) 11 2 km/s (B) 22 km/s (C) 11 km/s (D) 11/ 2 m/s
Weight
Weight
Weight
Time Time
Time Time
2. Let V and E denote the gravitational potential and gravitational field respectively at a point due to
certain uniform mass distribution described in four different situations of column-I. Assume the
gravitational potential at infinity to be zero.The value of E and V are given in column-II. Match the
statement in column-I with results in column-II.
Column-I Column-II
(A) At centre of thin spherical shell (p) E = 0
(B) At centre of solid sphere (q) E 0
R 2 R
(A) (B) k R (C) (D) kR
k 1
2
1 k2
6. Two small balls of mass m each are suspended side by side by two equal
threads of length L as shown in the figure. If the distance between the
upper ends of the threads be a, the angle that the threads will make with
the vertical due to attraction between the balls is
–1 (a – x)g –1 mG
(A) tan (B) tan
mG (a – x)2 g
–1 (a – x)2 g –1 (a2 – x2 )g
(C) tan (D) tan
mG mG
8. In a spherical region, the density varies inversely with the distance from the centre. Gravitational field at
a distance r from the centre is :
1 2
(A) proportional to r (B) proportional to (C) proportional to r (D) same everywhere
r
9. In above problem, the gravitational potential is -
1
(A) linearly dependent on r (B) proportional to
r
2
(C) proportional to r (D) same every where.
10. A point P lies on the axis of a fixed ring of mass M and radius R, at a distance 2R from its centre O.
A small particle starts from P and reaches O under gravitational attraction only. Its speed at O will be
2GM 2GM 2GM 1
(A) zero (B) (C) ( 5 1) (D) (1 )
R R R 5
11. A body of mass m is lifted up from the surface of earth to a height three times the radius of the earth.
The change in potential energy of the body is (g = gravity field at the surface of the earth)
3 1 2
(A) mgR (B) mgR (C) mgR (D) mgR
4 3 3
12. Assuming that the moon is a sphere of the same mean density as that of the earth and one quarter of
its radius, the length of a seconds pendulum on the moon (its length on the earth’s surface is 99.2 cm) is
99.2
(A) 24.8 cm (B) 49.6 cm (C) 99.2 (D) cm
2
13. A satellite can be in a geostationary orbit around a planet at a distance r from the centre of the planet.
If the angular velocity of the planet about its axis doubles, a satellite can now be in a geostationary orbit
around the planet if its distance from the centre of the planet is
r r r r
(A) (B) (C) 1/ 3 (D) 1/ 3
2 2 2 (4) (2)
14. A geostationary satellite orbits around the earth in a circular orbit of radius 36000 km. Then, the time
period of a spy satellite orbiting a few hundred kilometers above the earth’s surface (R Earth = 6400 km)
will approximately be (Rearth = 6400 km) :
(A) 1/2 hr (B) 1 hr (C) 2 hr (D) 4 hr
15. A satellite of mass m revolves around earth of radius R at a height x from its surface. If g is the
acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the earth, the orbital speed of the satellite is :
1/ 2
gR gR2 gR2
(A) gx (B) (C) (D)
Rx Rx R x
–2
16._ If Newton's inverse square law of gravitation had some dependence on radial distance other than r ,
which on of kepler's three laws of planetary motion would remain unchanged? [Olympiad (Stage-1) 2017]
(A) First law on nature of orbits
(B) Second law on constant areal velocity
(C) Third law on dependence of orbital time period on orbit's semi major axis
(D) None of the above
PART - II : SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE
1. A projectile is fired vertically up from the bottom of a crater (big hole) on the moon. The depth of the
crater is R/100, where R is the radius of the moon. If the initial velocity of the projectile is the same as
the escape velocity from the moon surface. The maximum aproximate height attained by the projectile
above the lunar (moon) surface is xR. Find value of x.
2. The time period of a satellite of earth is 5 hours. If the separation between the earth and the satellite is
increased to 4 times the previous value, the new time period becomes (in hrs).
3. If g is the acceleration due to gravity on the earth’s surface, the gain in the potential energy of an object
NmgR
of mass m raised from the surface of the earth to a height equal to the radius R of the earth is.
2
Find the value of N :
4. The gravitational field in a region is given by E (3iˆ 4j)
ˆ N/kg. Find out the work done (in joule) in
displacing a particle of mass 1 kg by 1 m along the line 4y = 3x + 9.
5. In a solid sphere of radius ‘R’ and density ‘’ there is a spherical cavity of
radius R/4 as shown in figure. A particle of mass ‘m’ is released from rest
from point ‘B’ (inside the cavity). Find out Velocity (in mm/sec.) of the
particle at the instant when it strikes the cavity
10 20
(R = 3m, = 103 kg/m3, G = 1011 Nm2kg–2)
3
9
6. A ring of radius R = 8m is made of a highly dense-material. Mass of the ring is mR = 2.7 × 10 kg distributed
8
uniformly over its circumference. A particle of mass (dense) mp = 3 × 10 kg is placed on the axis of the ring
at a distance x0 = 6m from the centre. Neglect all other forces except gravitational interaction. Determine
speed (in cm/sec.) of the particle at the instant when it passes through centre of ring. :
30
7. Our sun, with mass 2 × 10 kg revolves on the edge of our milky way galaxy, which can be assumed to
20
be spherical, having radius 10 m. Also assume that many stars, identical to our sun are uniformly
15
distributed in the spherical milky way galaxy. If the time period of the sun is 10 second and number of
20 –11
stars in the galaxy are nearly 3 × 10 , find value of ‘a’ (take = 10, G
(a) 2
× 10 in MKS)
3
8. Assume earth to be a sphere of uniform mass density. The energy needed to completely disassemble
31
the planet earth against the gravitational pull amongst its constituent particles is x × 10 J. Find the
31
value of x. given the product of mass of earth and radius of earth to be 2.5 × 10 kg-m and g = 10 m/s
9. The two stars in a certain binary star system move in circular orbits. The first star, moves in an orbit
of radius 1.00 10 km. The other star, moves in an orbit of radius 5.00 10 km. What is the ratio of
9 8
10. If the radius of earth is R and height of a satellite above earth's surface is R then find the minimum
co-latitude (in degree) which can directly receive a signal from satellite. (Satellite is in equitorial plane)
3. Which of the following statements are correct about a planet rotating around the sun in an elliptic orbit:
(A) its mechanical energy is constant
(B) its angular momentum about the sun is constant
(C) its areal velocity about the sun is constant
3
(D) its time period is proportional to r
4. A tunnel is dug along a chord of the earth at a perpendicular distance R/2 from the earth’s centre. The
wall of the tunnel may be assumed to be frictionless. A particle is released from one end of the tunnel.
The pressing force by the particle on the wall and the acceleration of the particle varies with x (distance
of the particle from the centre) according to :
6. A satellite close to the earth is in orbit above the equator with a period of revolution of 1.5 hours. If it is
above a point P on the equator at some time, it will be above P again after time
(A) 1.5 hours
(B) 1.6 hours if it is rotating from west to east
7. An object is weighed at the equator by a beam balance and a spring balance, giving readings W b and
W s respectively. It is again weighed in the same manner at the north pole, giving readings of W b' and
W s' respectively. Assume that intensity of earth gravitational field is the same every where on the
earth’s surface and that the balances are quite sensitive.
(A) W b = W b' (B) W b = W s (C) W b' = W s' (D) W s' > W s
9. A double star is a system of two stars of masses m and 2m, rotating about their centre of mass only
under their mutual gravitational attraction. If r is the separation between these two stars then their time
period of rotation about their centre of mass will be proportional to
3/2 1/2 –1/2
(A) r (B) r (C) m (D) m
10. An orbiting satellite in circular orbit will escape if :
(A) its speed is increased by ( 2 1)100%
(B) its speed in the orbit is made 1.5 times of its initial value
(C) its KE is doubled
(D) it stops moving in the orbit
11. In case of an orbiting satellite if the radius of orbit is decreased :
(A) its Kinetic Energy decreases (B) its Potential Energy decreases
(C) its Mechanical Energy decreases (D) its speed decreases
12. In case of earth :
(A) gravitational field is zero, both at centre and infinity
(B) gravitational potential is zero, both at centre and infinity
(C) gravitational potential is same, both at centre and infinity but not zero
(D) gravitational potential is minimum at the centre
PART - IV : COMPREHENSION
Comprehension - 1
Many planets are revolving around the fixed sun, in circular orbits of different radius (R) and different
time period (T). To estimate the mass of the sun, the orbital radius (R) and time period (T) of planets
were noted. Then log10 T v/s log10 R curve was plotted.
The curve was found to be approximately straight line (as shown in figure) having y intercept = 6.0
20
(Neglect the gravitational interaction among the planets [Take G = 1011 in MKS, 2 = 10]
3
3 2 19
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D)
2 3 4
2. Estimate the mass of the sun :
29 20 25 35
(A) 6 × 10 kg (B) 5 × 10 kg (C) 8 × 10 kg (D) 3 × 10 kg
3. Two planets A and B, having orbital radius R and 4R are initially at the
closest position and rotating in the same direction. If angular velocity of
planet B is 0, then after how much time will both the planets be again in
the closest position ? (Neglect the interaction between planets).
2 2
(A) (B)
70 90
2 2
(C) (D)
0 50
Comprehension - 2
An artificial satellite is moving in a circular orbit around the earth with a speed equal to half the
magnitude of escape velocity from the surface of earth. R is the radius of earth and g is acceleration
due to gravity at the surface of earth. (R = 6400 km)
2R 4R 8R 6R
(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) 2
g g g g
6. If the satellite is stopped suddenly in its orbit and allowed to fall freely onto the earth, the speed with
which it hits the surface of the earth.
gR gR
(A) gR (B) 1.5gR (C) (D)
2 2
Comprehension - 3
A pair of stars rotates about their center of mass. One of the stars has a mass M and the other has
mass m such that M = 2m. The distance between the centres of the stars is d (d being large compared
to the size of either star).
7. The period of rotation of the stars about their common centre of mass (in terms of d, m, G.) is
8. The ratio of the angular momentum of the two stars about their common centre of mass (L m/ LM) is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 9
V V V
V
(A) (B) (C) (D)
R r R r R r R r
3. STATEMENT-1 : An astronaut in an orbiting space station above the Earth experiences weightlessness.
and
STATEMENT-2 : An object moving around the Earth under the influence of Earth's gravitational force is
in a state of 'free-fall. [JEE 2008,+3, –1/82]
(A) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True; STATEMENT-2 is a correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True; STATEMENT-2 is NOT a correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is False
(D) STATEMENT-1 is False, STATEMENT-2 is True.
4. A thin uniform annular disc (see figure) of mass M has outer radius 4R and inner radius 3R. The work
required to take a unit mass from point P on its axis to infinity is : [JEE 2010, 3/163, –1]
P
4R
3R
4R
(A)
2GM
7R
4 2 5 (B)
2GM
7R
4 2 5 (C)
GM
4R
(D)
2GM
5R
2 1
5. A binary star consists of two stars A (mass 2.2 MS) and B (mass 11 MS) where Ms is the mass of the
sun. They are separated by distance d and are rotating about their centre of mass, which is stationary.
The ratio of the total angular momentum of the binary star to the angular momentum of star B about the
centre of mass is : [JEE 2010, 3/163]
6
6. Gravitational acceleration on the surface of a planet is g, where g is the gravitational acceleration
11
2
on the surface of the earth. The average mass density of the planet is times that of the earth. If the
3
–1
escape speed on the surface of the earth is taken to be 11 kms , the escape speed on the surface of
–1
the planet in kms will be : [JEE 2010, 3/163]
7. A satellite is moving with a constant speed 'V’ in a circular orbit about the earth. An object of mass ‘m’ is
ejected from the satellite such that it just escapes from the gravitational pull of the earth. At the time of
its ejection, the kinetic energy of the object is [JEE 2011, 3/160, –1]
1 2 3 2
(A) mV2 (B) mV (C) mV2 (D) 2mV
2 2
8*. Two spherical planets P and Q have the same unfirom density , masses MP and MQ, with surface areas A and
4A, respectively. A spherical planet R also has unfirom density and its mass is (MP + MQ). The escape
velocities from the planets P, Q and R, are VP, VQ and V respectivley. Then [IIT-JEE-2012, Paper-2; 4/66]
(A) VQ > VR > VP (B) VR > VQ > VP (C) VR/VP = 3 (D) VP /VQ = 1/2
9*. Two bodies, each of mass M, are kept fixed with a separation 2L. A particle of mass m is projected from
the midpoint of the line joining their centres, perpendicular to the line. The gravitational constant is G.
The correct statement(s) is (are) : [JEE (Advanced) 2013, 3/60, –1]
GM
(A) The minimum initial velocity of the mass m to escape the gravitational field of the two bodies is 4 .
L
GM
(B) The minimum initial velocity of the mass m to escape the gravitational field of the two bodies is 2 .
L
2GM
(C) The minimum initial velocity of the mass m to escape the gravitational field of the two bodies is .
L
(D) The energy of the mass m remains constant.
1
10. A planet of radius R = × (radius of Earth) has the same mass density as Earth. Scientists dig a well
10
R –3 –1
of depth on it and lower a wire of the same length and of linear mass density 10 kgm into it. If the
5
wire is not touching anywhere, the force applied at the top of the wire by a person holding it in place is
6 –2
(take the radius of Earth = 6 × 10 m and the acceleration due to gravity on Earth is 10 ms )
13*. A spherical body of radius R consists of a fluid of constant density and is in equilibrium under its own
gravity. If P(r) is the pressure at r(r < R), then the correct option(s) is (are)
[JEE (Advanced) 2015 ; P-2,4/88, –2]
P(r 3R / 4) 63 P(r 3R / 5) 16 P(r R / 2) 20
(A) P(r = 0) = 0 (B) (C) (D)
P(r 2R / 3) 80 P(r 2R / 5) 21 P(r R / 3) 27
14. A rocket is launched normal to the surface of the Earth, away from the Sun, along the line joining the
5 4
Sun and the Earth. The Sun is 3 × 10 times heavier than the Earth and is at a distance 2.5 × 10 times
–1
larger than the radius of the Earth. The escape velocity from Earth's gravitational field is ve = 11.2km s .
The minimum initial velocity (vs) required for the rocket to be able to leave the Sun-Earth system is closest
to : (Ignore the rotation and revolution of the Earth and the presence of any other planet)
[JEE (Advanced) 2017 ; P-2, 3/61, –1]
–1 –1 –1 –1
(A) vs = 72 km s (B) vs = 22 km s (C) vs = 42 km s (D) vs = 62 km s
15. A planet of mass M, has two natural satellites with masses m1 and m2. The radii of their circular orbits
are R1 and R2 respectively. Ignore the gravitational force between the satellites. Define v1, L1, K1 and T1
to be, respectively, the orbital speed, angular momentum, kinetic energy and time period of revolution
of satellite 1; and v2, L2, K2 and T2 to be the corresponding quantities of satellite 2. Given m1/m2 = 2 and
R1/R2 = 1/4, match the ratios in List-I to the numbers in List-II. [JEE (Advanced) 2018; P-2, 3/60, –1]
List-I List-II
v1 1
P. 1.
v2 8
L1
Q. 2. 1
L2
K1
R. 3. 2
K2
T1
S. 4. 8
T2
(A) P → 4 ; Q → 2 ; R → 1 ; S → 3 (B) P → 3 ; Q → 2 ; R → 4 ; S → 1
(C) P → 2 ; Q → 3 ; R → 1 ; S → 4 (D) P → 2 ; Q → 3 ; R → 4 ; S → 1
2. A planet in a distant solar system is 10 times more massive than the earth and its radius is 10 times
–1
smaller. Given that the escape velocity from the earth is 11 km s , the escape velocity from the surface
of the planet would be : [AIEEE-2008, 3/105]
–1 –1 –1 –1
(1) 11 km s (2) 110 km s (3) 0.11 km s (4) 1.1 km s
g
3. The height at which the acceleration due to gravity becomes (where g = the acceleration due to
9
gravity on the surface of the earth) in terms of R, the radius of the earth, is [AIEEE-2009, 4/144]
R R
(1) (2) (3) 2R (4) 2R
2 2
4. Two bodies of masses m and 4 m are placed at a distance r. The gravitational potential at a point on
the line joining them where the gravitational field is zero is : [AIEEE - 2011, 4/120, –1]
4Gm 6Gm 9Gm
(1) zero (2) – (3) – (4) –
r r r
5. Two particles of equal mass ‘m’ go around a circle of radius R under the action of their mutual
gravitational attraction. The speed of each particle with respect to their centre of mass is :
[AIEEE 2011, 11 May; 4/120, –1]
Gm Gm Gm Gm
(1) (2) (3) (4)
4R 3R 2R R
6. The mass of a spaceship is 1000 kg. It is to be launched from the earth's surface out into free space.
2
The value of 'g' and 'R' (radius of earth) are 10 m/s and 6400 km respectively. The required energy for
this work will be : [AIEEE 2012 ; 4/120, –1]
11 8 9 10
(1) 6.4 × 10 Joules (2) 6.4 × 10 Joules (3) 6.4 × 10 Joules (4) 6.4 × 10 Joules
7. What is the minimum energy required to launch a satellite of mass m from the surface of a planet of
mass M and radius R in a circular orbit at an altitude of 2R? [JEE (Main) 2013, 4/120, –1]
5GmM 2GmM GmM GmM
(1) (2) (3) (4)
6R 3R 2R 3R
8. Four particles, each of mass M and equidistant from each other, move along a circle of radius R under
the action of their mutual gravitational attration. The speed of each particle is :
[JEE (Main) 2014, 4/120,–1]
(1)
GM
R
(2) 2 2
GM
R
(3)
GM
R
1 2 2 (4)
1 GM
2 R
1 2 2
9. From a solid sphere of mass M and radius R, a spherical portion of radius R/2 is removed, as shown in
the figure. Taking gravitational potential V = 0 at r = , the potential at the centre of the cavity thus
formed is : (G = gravitational constant) [JEE (Main) 2015; 4/120, –1]
11. The variation of acceleration due to gravity g with distance d from centre of the earth is best
represented by (R = Earth's radius) [JEE (Main) 2017, 4/120, –1]
g g g g
(1) (2) (3) (4)
d d d d
O R O O R O R