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    Quantum Computing & Information - Short Review On Current Research Trends Using Cartoons-1

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    Quantum Computing & Information - Short Review On Current Research Trends Using Cartoons-1

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    shakhawat.hossain07.edu
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    Quantum Computing & Information- Short Review on Current Research Trends Using Cartoons-1

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    3 views53 pages

    Quantum Computing & Information - Short Review On Current Research Trends Using Cartoons-1

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    shakhawat.hossain07.edu

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    of 53

    Quantum Computing & Information: Short Review on Current

    Research Trends Using Cartoons

    Prepared and Presented By


    Mahdy Rahman Chowdhury (Mdy)
    Associate Professor
    North South University, ECE dept., Bangladesh.
    PI, NSU Optics Lab
    Founder & Chief Researcher, Mahdy Research Academy

    North South Univ Profile: http://ece.northsouth.edu/people/mahdy


    rahman-chowdhury/

    Google Scholar Profile:


    https://scholar.google.com.sg/citations?user=PxNOguMAAAAJ&hl=en&fbclid=IwAR0vShXqbdR2oFR583A_UD7RqlJYHmeETGlM
    D0bG05_hS7DkhOGzSvOibMQ

    Research gate profile:


    https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mahdy_Rahman_Chowdhury_Mahdy
    1
    NSU Optics Lab (for NSUers) & Mahdy Research Academy
    (Open for all Bangladeshi University Students)
    2
    Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore

    NORMAL COMPUTERVS
    QUANTUM COMPUTER
    Another MOTIVATION: Quantum
    EnergTeleportation

    DHAKA SAHARA
    Future Possibilities: If Error & Quantum Noise can be
    reduced
    Topic of the seminar
    • 1. General Basic knowledge Required for Quantum
    Theory: 10 slides
    • 2. General Basic knowledge Required for Quantum
    Computing: 9 slides
    • 3. Hot areas [3 areas have been discussed in detail
    here] of theoretical quantum computing research: 16
    slides
    1. Quantum Superposition: Double Slit Experiment
    1. Quantum Superposition (continued): Wave Nature of
    microscopic world
    ������������ ��������������������

    |�������������� ����������ۧ
    |��������ۧ + |����������ۧ
    =
    2
    ���������� ��������������������
    ?
    2. Measurement in QM: Wave Packet & its
    reduction

    When we are not looking at the moon, is it really there?


    2. Measurement (continued): Wave Packet & its collapse
    3. Einstein’s attack on QM: EPR

    Paradox
    3. Einstein’s attack (continued): Quantum
    Entanglement
    4. John Bell’s inequality: Is reality/ every event pre-determined?
    4. John Bell’s inequality (continued): Is Super determinism the reason of
    entanglement?
    4. John Bell’s inequality (continued): Alternate explanation of entanglement
    2. General basic for quantum computing

    • 1. QUANTUM bits & their superpositions • 2.


    Difference between Measurement & Unitary
    operations
    • 3. Quantum gates (unitary operations) for target
    operations of QC
    • 4. Entangled bits & Bell states (or EPR pair)
    2.1.What is Qubits? Qubits vs Bits
    Qubit is the short form of Quantum Bit, which is the basic unit of information processing in quantum
    computing.
    While a classical bit can only have a value of either 0 or 1, a qubit can exist in a superposition of both
    values at the same time. This means that a qubit can represent more information than a classical bit,
    making it a powerful tool for computation.
    17
    2.1. Qubits 18

    2.1. BIT VS QUBIT

    NORMAL COMPUTER
    Grover’s Search QUANTUM COMPUTER
    Algorithm for Quantum
    Computers: But you need to
    know the difference between unitary
    oeration & Measurement
    2.2 y (Usually,
    Measurement:
    Mathematicall
    Hermitian
    Operator)

    Matrix A is considered
    Usually a Hermitian Operat
    Or with real eignevalue

    Eigenvalues can take on a range of values,


    including zero, one, or a superposition of both,
    depending on the observable being measured
    andthe quantum state of the system.
    2.2UNITARYOPERATIONS (Can be imagined as Parallel
    Processing inside a Q. Computer before
    measurement)
    ADJOINT IS EQUAL TO ITS INVERSE. •,
    • AN OPERATOR IS SAID TO BE UNITARY IF ITS UU† = U† U = I

    • NO REAL EIGENVALUE ���� = ��


    • fdc
    • PRESERVES THE LENGTH AND ANGLE BETWEEN VECTORS

    U IP> = IQ>
    2.3 Quantum logic gates
    2.4. Entangled bits & Bell states (EPR
    pair)
    2.4. Quantum Entanglement
    3. Hot areas of theoretical
    quantum computing research

    • 1. Superdense coding & QUANTUM information


    teleportation: Finally Energy teleportation!!!! • 2.
    Cybersecurity in quantum era: Quantum Key
    Distribution & secured data or image transmission
    using entanglement
    • 3. Quantum Machine Learning
    3.1. Quantum information teleportation
    3.1. Quantum information teleportation full procedure
    3.1. Quantum information teleportation
    uantum Energy Teleportation 2023
    HOME OFFICE
    3.2. Cybersecurity in Quantum Era: Basic Cryptography
    3.2. BB84 protocol: Creating secret key before the actual
    encryption
    3.2. BB84 protocol: In Presence of a Hacker
    3.2. E91 protocol: More Secured
    • Hacker Checking in E91:
    If the calculation with the
    mismatched Bits does not violate
    Bell inequality, there is a hacker or
    the entanglement is not working.
    Results
    Both figures depict, Encryption of Image on Alice’s end
    and
    failed decryption
    Decryption of Image on Bobs end using chaotic
    parameters
    generated by E91 key stream
    successful encryption

    Proposed Architecture in our article


    3.3. Quantum Machine Learning
    What is Knowledge Distillation? (Classical Approach)
    ● An approach in transfer learning,
    used to
    improve performance of small
    models
    (students).
    ● We take a big pre-trained (teacher)
    model
    and train it.
    ● We take a small (student) model.
    When
    training it, we add the KL
    Divergence of the
    output probability distribution of the teacher
    model and the student model to the original
    loss of the student.
    ● This acts as a supervision for the student
    model, by trying to copy / mimic the outputs
    of the teacher.
    Experimental setup using knowledge distillation
    ● We use knowledge distillation in quantum model just like a classical setup, but, we add the supervision from a
    classical model instead of a quantum model.
    ● Why should this work? Since a classical model outputs a probability distribution, and so does a quantum model upon
    performing measurement.

    Experimental results on MNIST


    ● We perform baseline experiments on the students (quantum models) without using any knowledge distillation.
    ● We train multiple classical models to act as teachers during knowledge distillation.
    ● Then, we use each of the teacher models to train the student quantum models using knowledge distillation.
    ● We observe that using knowledge distillation in this way improves the performance of the quantum models.

    Experimental results on FashionMNIST


    ● Similarly, We perform the experiments on the FashionMNIST dataset as well, and observe that using knowledge distillation in this
    way improves the performance of the quantum models.
    ● Thus, we can conclude that using classical models, it is possible to improve the performance of quantum models. This
    eliminates the necessity of building and training large quantum models to act as teachers for smaller quantum models.
    Moreover, it ensures re-usability of classical models and eases the infancy of quantum machine learning and current resource
    constraints.
    THANK YOU

    41
    Ghulam Ishaq
    Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences & Technology, Pakistan 41

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