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    Communication (2) 1

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    Haa Haaa

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    Communication (2) 1

    Uploaded by

    Haa Haaa
    3 views14 pages

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    3 views14 pages

    Communication (2) 1

    Uploaded by

    Haa Haaa

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 14

    COMMUNICATION

    The word communication is derived


    from Latin word “Communis” which
    means commoners.
    It is a process for conducting the
    attention of one another for the purpose
    of replicating memories.

    According to Mc Dacid and Harari


    (1967)
    Communication refers to exchange of
    ideas and experiences between
    individuals.
    MOTIVE OF COMMUNICATION
    • Emotional expression through
    Communication.
    • Physical needs: Man is a social animal and
    needs to communicate with others for
    fulfilling his basic needs of food, shelter and
    clothing.
    • Cognitive needs: Communication is required
    for decision making.
    Communication is necessary for controlling
    any give situation.
    Communication is inseparable part of
    feedback. For successful communication it is
    important that the receiver gives feedback to
    the sender of the message.
    TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
    There are two types of Communication:
    1. Primary Communication: Face to Face
    Communication.
    2. Secondary Communication: Indirect and
    not face to face communication.

    Depending upon the content of


    communication, it divides in to two types:
    1. Verbal Communication: It involves the
    usage of language. It is culture specific
    2. Non-Verbal Communication: It involves
    gestures, facial expressions and other
    body movements for communications.
    TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
    Depending on the number of people involved:
    1. Dyadic Communication:
    It is face or direct or primary
    communication.
    ✓Only two people are involved.
    ✓More informal type
    ✓The members share close intimacy &
    proximity.
    2. Small group Communication: This
    takes place between three or more
    people who see themselves as
    belonging to same group.
    3. Public Communication:
    ✓It is more public than private.
    ✓It has to be well structured.
    ✓It is a pronounced social occasion.
    ✓Behavioural norms are relatively clear
    cut.

    4. Organizational Communication: flow


    of message within a network of
    interdependent relationships.
    ✓It not only includes business but also
    academic organization etc.
    ✓It is both formal and informal.
    5. Mass Communication:
    ✓It is most formal and expressive type
    of communication. For example – an
    article in newspaper or magazine etc.
    ✓The size of audience and the nature is
    more important than the medium.

    6. Inter – cultural Communication:


    ✓It is communication between the
    members of different cultures whether
    defined on the basis of racial, ethnic
    or socio-economical differences of a
    combination of all these differences.
    Elements of Communication
    • SENDER: Who wants to send the message
    • ENCODING: Whatever message the source
    wants to convey in enclosed into language
    or form that is understood by their receiver.
    • MESSAGE: It is actual physical product. It
    can be a written material with verbal
    content, a speech or a gesture.
    • CHANNEL: It is the medium through which
    message is sent.
    • DECODING: The message is interpreted or
    decoded by the receiver.
    • FEEDBACK: After decoding the message or
    interpreting the message, the receiver
    sends a response or sends feedback then
    the whole cycle is completed successfully.
    Elements of Communication
    Sender

    Encoding

    Message

    Channel

    Receiver

    Decoding

    Feedback
    Back to Sender
    BARRIERS TO GOOD COMMUNICATION

    1. SEMANTIC DIFFICULTIES
    2. PREOCCUPIED ATTENTION
    3. FILTERING
    4. SELECTIVE PERCEPTION
    5. EMOTIONS
    SEMANTIC DIFFICULTIES
    One of the common hurdles in the
    effectiveness of communication is the type of
    language used.
    If language used by the sender is not
    understood by the receiver then it will lead to
    unsuccessful communication.
    The use of technical jargons and complex
    words leads to difference in meaning to the
    sender and the receiver.
    The difference of cultural background,
    educational status and destination further
    widens this difference. For example –
    labelling the symptoms as arthritis is not a
    serious matter for the doctors, but for
    patients the word is complex word and may
    lead to anxiety and fear.
    PREOCCUPIED ATTENTION

    If the receiver is not attentive and does


    not receive information consciously
    then the information is not properly
    interpreted. This one of the source of
    distortion of message.
    FILTERING
    It implies manipulation of
    information by the sender, so that
    it is favourable for the receiver. For
    example – Saying what a senior
    wants to hear and not the reality.

    More the distance between the


    senior and junior, more is filtering
    of information to impress senior
    and gain favours.
    SELECTIVE PERCEPTION

    When the receiver attends/listen to


    particular information which he wants
    to see or hear. For example – Doctor
    listens to some symptoms to diagnosis
    a problem.
    EMOTIONS
    The interpretation of the information
    depends to a certain extent on the
    emotional state of the receiver.
    If the receiver is in good mood then
    he/she interpret the information more
    positively and if not in good mood then
    negative attributions result. So extreme
    emotional state are barriers to effective
    communications.

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