CHAPTER 5

INTERFACING WITH
INTERGRATED CIRCUIT (IC)
 WHAT YOU WILL LEARN IN THIS
CHAPTER?

 Logic level for TTL and CMOS IC

 Interfacing TTL and CMOS with switches

 Interfacing TTL and CMOS with LEDs

 Interfacing TTL and CMOS

 Interfacing with buzzers, relays and motor

WHAT IS TTL AND CMOS?
 Both are logic families for digital circuits that
available.
 TTL – transistor-transistor logic.

 CMOS – complementary symmetry metal oxide

semiconductor.
 TTL and CMOS has different electrical properties
even though they might perform as a same logic
gate (i.e: AND gate).
 We must understand the electrical properties in
order to interface both different ICs in the same
circuit.
TTL AND CMOS LOGIC FAMILIES
TTL AND CMOS IC
 Advantages CMOS over TTL
 Low power consumption
 Low cost
 Simplicity of design
 Low heat dissipation
 Good fan-out
 Wide logic swings
 Great noise-margin performance
 Disadvantages of CMOS
 Slower then TTL
 Sensitive to electrostatic charge
TTL LOGIC GATE
CMOS LOGIC GATE
TTL LOGIC LEVEL
 Voltage level that define HIGH and LOW for logic
gate
 For TTL the LOW (0) input signal is define when the
voltage level are in the range of 0V to 0.8 V
 For TTL the HIGH (1) input signal is define when
the voltage level are in the range of 2.0V to 5.5 V
 TTL will produce LOW (0) output signal with typical
voltage of 0.1 V and HIGH (1) 3.5 V
TTL LOGIC LEVEL
CMOS LOGIC LEVEL
 CMOS series 4000 and 74C00 (wide range voltage input
+3 V to +15 V)
 the LOW (0) input signal is define when the voltage level are 30
% of voltage input (VDD) and HIGH when input voltage is 70 %
and above.
 The output voltage, LOW ~ 0 %and HIGH ~ 100 % VDD
CMOS SERIES 74HC00, 74AC00, 74ACQ00
CMOS SERIES 74HCT,ACT,ACTQ,FCT,FCTA
COMPARISON INPUT/OUTPUT CURRENT
INTERFACING TTL AND CMOS WITH SWITCHES
 The switch is important in order to control electronic
circuit by the user.
 In digital, we use a switch as a method to enter
information into digital system.
 Example of switch such as keyboard, or touch key on
calculator.
 Three simple switch using push button to interface
circuits are:
 simple or direct active-LOW switch.
 Active-LOW switch with pull-up resistor
 Active-HIGH switch with pull-down resistor

 Both TTL and CMOS can use the same configuration.

SIMPLE ACTIVE-LOW SWITCH
 The ground (0 V) is connected to input logic gate via
push-button as a switch.
 When we “push” the push button, the input of TTL will
drop to ground level (0 V) or LOW.
 When we release, the input is open and called “float”. The
“float” state for TTL also defined as a HIGH logic level.
This HIGH state is not dependable.
 They called this configuration active-LOW switch because
the input go LOW when the switch is activate or pushed.
SIMPLE ACTIVE-LOW SWITCH DIAGRAM
ACTIVE-LOW SWITCH WITH PULL-UP
RESISTOR
 To overcome the HIGH logic level which is not dependable
with the input voltage, a resistor called Pull-Up resistor is
introduced.
 The ground (0 V) is connected to input logic gate via push-
button as a switch while one 10 kΩ resistor also connected
in series between 5 V source to the TTL input.
 When we “push” the push button, the input of TTL will drop
to ground level (0 V) or LOW.
 When we release, the input is 5 V and called defined as a
HIGH logic level.
 This HIGH state now only happen if the input gate receive
5 V.
ACTIVE-LOW SWITCH WITH PULL-UP
RESISTOR DIAGRAM
ACTIVE-HIGH SWITCH WITH PULL-DOWN
RESISTOR
 A 5 V voltage source is connected to input logic gate via
push-button as a switch while one 330 Ω Pull-Down
resistor is connected in series from ground to TTL input.
 When we “push” the push button, the input of TTL will be 5
V or HIGH.
 When we release, the 5 V source is disconnected and the
input is pulled LOW by the pull-down resistor
 They called this configuration active-HIGH switch because
the input go HIGH when the switch is activate or pushed.
ACTIVE-HIGH SWITCH WITH PULL-DOWN
RESISTOR DIAGRAM
BASIC CONFIGURATION FOR ACTIVE-HIGH
AND ACTIVE-LOW CIRCUIT
ACTIVE-HIGH CIRCUIT

 The LED will ON if the CMOS or TTL output is HIGH.

 The configuration is, the output of CMOS/TTL is connected to
the ground via LED (LED and current limiting resistor).
 With this configuration, the output voltage from the CMOS/TTL
will turn-on the LED if only when the CMOS/TTL output is
HIGH.
 If the output of the CMOS/TTL is LOW, the LED will turn-off.
 Different resistor values are used depend on the voltage
supply for CMOS/TTL.
ACTIVE-HIGH CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION
ACTIVE-LOW CIRCUIT
 The LED will ON if the CMOS or TTL output is
LOW.
 The configuration is, the output of CMOS/TTL is
connected to the voltage source via LED (LED and
current limiting resistor).
 With this configuration, the output voltage from the
CMOS/TTL will turn-on the LED if only when the
CMOS/TTL output is LOW.
 If the output of the CMOS/TTL is HIGH, the LED will
turn-off.
 Different resistor values are used depend on the
voltage supply for CMOS/TTL.
ACTIVE-HIGH CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION
ACTIVE-HIGH AND LOW CIRCUIT WITH
TRANSISTOR
 Another method to design active-HIGH and active-LOW
can be made using transistor.
 The transistor act as a driver (easy word as a switch) for
the LED to turn-on of turn-off.
 With this configuration, a 5 V supply must be connected to
the LED via 150 Ω resistor and negative terminal of LED
connected to the ground via transistor.
 The type of transistor (NPN or PNP) will determine either
the circuit is active-HIGH of LOW.
 The CMOS/TTL output connected to the transistor base
via 33 kΩ resistor to control the LED operation.
 Active-HIGH when NPN transistor is used.

 Active-LOW when PNP transistor is used

INTERFACING LEDS USING A TRANSISTOR
DRIVER CIRCUIT
INTERFACING TTL AND CMOS WITH LEDS
 LED in digital circuit is important as an indicator to the
circuit output. The properties that it has low current and
voltage rating make it suit for this purpose.
 The current rating is about 20 to 30 mA with about 2 V.

 In real circuit, the LED is usually connected to the output

IC with some configuration in order to perform as an
indicator.
 The word active HIGH or LOW circuit is depend to the
LED operation corresponding to the circuit configuration
and output .
INTERFACING LEDS USING A TRANSISTOR
DRIVER CIRCUIT
INTERFACING TTL AND CMOS ICS
 The input and output for CMOS and TTL logic level
voltage are define differently.
 Hence, both cannot be connected directly to each
other.
 The current rating for both IC also different.

 Therefore, a special configuration are needed when

TTL and CMOS IC connected to each other to
ensure the interfacing operate correctly.
TTL TO CMOS INTERFACING
 Refer to the voltage and current profile of TTL
output and CMOS input.
 For current, the output current from TTL full-fill the
CMOS range.
 However the voltage for HIGH TTL output is not
match with CMOS HIGH input. This can cause
incompatibility.
 To solve, connect 5 V supply to CMOS input via 1
kΩ pull-up resistor. This will pull the HIGH output of
standard TTL close up to 5 V.
 This circuit can work for driving either 4000 series,
74HC00, or FACT series CMOS Ics.
INTERFACING WITH BUZZER, RELAYS, MOTORS
AND SOLENOIDS

 This topic will discuss where we can apply the

digital system with analog device in simple real
application.
 For this purpose, simple interfacing between logic
elements and the buzzer, relays, motor, and
solenoids will be used.
 The configuration of the circuit needs to be
understand in order to construct the real circuit.
INTERFACING WITH BUZZER
 Two types circuit configuration can be used:
 Direct connection
 Using transistor drive circuit

 The buzzer will produce sound each time it receive

electrical signal that match with its electrical ratting.
The piezo buzzer needs atleast 3 to 5 mA current to
produce sound.
 One diode is needed to be circuit protection to
suppress any transient voltages that might be
induced in the system by the buzzer.
INTERFACING WITH BUZZER

 For (a) the circuit is active-LOW

 For (b) the circuit is active-HIGH
INTERFACING WITH RELAY
 Relay is an excellent method to isolating a logic
device and a high voltage circuit.
 Relays act as a switch in the circuit which is
controlled by the TTL/CMOS.
 Using induction principle.

 From the circuit, when the TTL/CMOS output is

HIGH, it will turn on the transistor hence the relay
will be activated (switch on). The LOW signal will
give opposite result.
 The diode is used to protect the circuit from voltage
spikes which might be induced in the system.
INTERFACING WITH RELAY
INTERFACING WITH DC MOTOR
 In order to control the dc motor that has higher voltage
rating compare than TTL/CMOS output, a relay needs to
be used as a secondary switch.
 The relay also has isolation properties that ensure no
voltage sharing between TTL/CMOS with the dc motor.
 The dc motor will operate or turn-on if the output from
TTL/CMOS is HIGH. This signal turn-on transistor hence
the relay switch will change from N.O (open/not-
connected) to N.C (close/connected).
 The dc motor will turn-off when TTL/CMOS output goes to
LOW.
 DC motor has rotary motion when turn-on.
INTERFACING WITH DC MOTOR
INTERFACING WITH SOLENOID
 Solenoid – an electrical device that can produce a
linear motion.
 To interface, use same configuration with a dc
motor.