Mle Reviewer
Mle Reviewer
Mle Reviewer
Adjustment:An educational process referring to changes in behavior towards better life, better
relationships and better contribution to society
CRITERIA OF A PROFESSION
PROFESSION OF MIDWFERY
Public Act No. 310. - The law created the Medical Board of Examiners which regulated both the
medicine and midwifery professions on December 4, 1901.
o practice of midwifery was first regulated
Republic Act No. 2382 or the “Medical Act of 1959” - the regulation of midwifery was
separated from medicine.
The first Board was composed of : Board of Examiners for Midwives (BOEM)
1. Valeriano B. Fugoso Jr. (Chairman)
2. Vicenta Castro-Ponce (Member)
3. Angelina I. Ponce (Member).
Must KNOW’S:
DOH Secretaries
Paulyn Jean B. Rosell-Ubial July 1, 2016
Janette P. Loreto-Garin December 2014 - June 30, 2016
Enrique T. Ona June 2010 - December 2014 - CBQ
Esperanza I. Cabral January 2010 - June 2010
Dr. Francisco Duque III present
Dr. Manuel Dayrit February 2001 - May 2005 - CBQ
Dr. Alberto Romualdez September 1998 - January 2001
Dr.Fabella founded the Dr. Jose Fabella Memorial Hospital on November 9, 1920. The
hospital was originally called the Maternity House and later on the Maternity and
Children’s Hospital.
Dr. Fabella opened the FIRST School of Midwifery the Maternity and Children’s
Hospital now called “Dr. Jose Fabella Memorial Hospital in 1922 in Manila” – CBQ
- founded the first school of midwifery in May 1922 – (Dr. Jose Fabella Memorial
Hospital).
Must KNOW’S:
- Commonly Asked in the Board Exam
Dr. Ricardo Gonzales - Father of Modern Midwifery - CBQ
Alejandro San Pedro - Present chairman of Board of Midwifery -- CBQ
Ms. Corazon L. Paras - Present President - IMAP, Inc
Patricia Mines Gomez - IMAP executive Director
Classification of Members
1.Active– are graduate registered midwives with a right to vote and participate. - CBQ
2.Affiliate– are members of a graduating class, but with no voting privilege.
3.Associate – a registered nurse, a registered midwife and/or graduated a 4-year course
degree but has no right to vote.
4.Honorary – not necessarily a graduate registered midwife, but any individual who had
rendered meritorious WORK in the past for the development of the midwifery profession
5.Consultants-husbands of member midwives who are lifetime members, owned at least
one birthing home
IMAP Foundation School of Midwifery was opened as a pilot school for the three-year
community-based midwifery curriculum in Jaro, Iloilo City.
Republic Act No. 7392
- Act Revising Republic Act No. 2644, As Amended, Otherwise Known as the Philippine
Midwifery Act - CBQ
Qualifications of Chairperson
a. Registered Obstetrician
b. at least 10 years of practice before appointment
c. Natural born Filipino citizen (jus sanguinis)
d. Good Moral Character
e. at least 30 years of age
rules and regulations shall take effect 30 days after publication in 2 national
newspapers of general circulation.
Note: DECS or CHED has the power to close Midwifery schools - CBQ
Adopt and enforce a Code of ethics for the practice of their respective profession
IMAP
(Nominating Body)
¯
PRC - CBQ
(Recommending Body)
¯
President of the Philippines
(Appointing Body)
2. Ad interim system-
An officer ad interim(OIC)is a person appointed to fill a position that is tempo
rarily open
(vacancy), or to perform the functions of a particularposition during the absen
ce or temporary incapacity of the individual who regularly fulfills those duties.
4. Hold over Doctrine - When a term of a member of the board is about to expire,
He can extend her term temporarily until a qualified new member is
appointed - CBQ
Tenure of office – the time the officer Term of office – the time that an officer may
actually hold the office claim to hold the office
Term of Office - The Chairman and the four (4) members of the Board shall hold office for a
term of three (3) years with 1 reappoinment - CBQ
B. Removal of Board Members.- Any member of the Board may be removed from office
by the President, upon the recommendation of the Professional Regulation commission
for
Neglect of duty,
Incompetence
Dishonorable or immoral conduct
Unprofessional conduct
C. Annual Report.-The Board shall submit an annual report to the Commission at the end
of each calendar year
Note: At the time of the issuance of a certificate of registration, the applicant shall be a citizen of
the Philippines and at least eighteen (18) years of age
o scanned colored picture in white background with name tag (1passport size)
o with remarks: “for board examination purposes only” - CBQ
o CHED recognition Certificate for all new Schools/Programs
Note : Duly signed by the Registered Midwives (RM) who directly supervised the case
requirements, and duly certified by any of the following officers/officials:
2.2.1. Municipal/City Provincial Health Officer (rural health unit, birthing, lying-in
clinic, home delivery) and
D. Scope of Examination
Major Subjects Integrated Subjects - CBQ
(a) Obstetrics – Core of Midwifery – 25 a. Fundamentals (Sociology)
% - CBQ b. Principles of Bacteriology
- Obstetrical anatomy and physiology c. General Anatomy and Physiology
(b) Fundamentals of Health Care- 20% d. General Psychology
- Principles of bacteriology as applied to e. Nutrition
midwifery practice; f. Parasitology
- Midwifery procedures g. Microbiology
- Domiciliary midwifery h. Pharmacology
- Community hygiene and first- aid
- Nutrition
(c) Infant care and feeding – 15 %
(d) Primary health care - 20%
- Family planning
(e) Professional Growth and Development;
- 20 % - CBQ
- Ethics of midwifery practice
Report of the Results of Examination.-(120) days after the examination, report the ratings
obtained by each candidate to the Commissioner of the PRC.
F. Schools of Midwifery.
Midwifery School
accredited and legally constituted the
- Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) or CHED
- school shall have at least fifty (50) maternity beds - CBQ
- ratio of one (1) clinical instructor to twelve (12) students (1:12) - CBQ
Qualification of Faculty
- At least a bachelors- degree holder or doctor of Medicine (M.D.)
- Proof of competence in the field of specialization assigned to him; and
- A registered midwife or registered midwife in the Philippines with at least one (1) year of
satisfactory teaching experience or one (1) year of efficient performance in maternity
ward/ community
- Teaching load of principal is 12 units - CBQ
NOTE: That this provisions shall not apply to students in midwifery schools who perform
Midwifery services under the supervision of their instructors, nor to emergency cases.
Note: The PRC was placed under the Office of the President for general supervision and
coordination. - CBQ
Functions :
- Its mandate is to regulate and supervise the practice of the professionals
(except Lawyers) who constitute the highly skilled manpower of the country
(a) Quasi-Judicial - Investigates cases against erring examinees and professionals.
(b) After the lapse of the period within which to file an appeal (15 days), Commission
decisions become final and executory.
(d) Executive- Administer, implements, and enforces the regulatory policies of the national
government
- CBQ- Republic Act 8981 - "PRC Modernization Act Of 2000", mandates the following:
- full computerization
- careful selection of Professional Regulatory Board members
Term of office for Commissioners: Seven (7) years without reappointment (7 years)- CBQ
Note: that PRC fix the time and place of examination - CBQ
Note : For Renewal of expired License , the midwife is required to present at least 45 units of
CPD/CPE
Extension for Renewal without surcharge : is at the 20th day of the next month from the
expiration date - CBQ
Example: if the license expiration date is Nov. 6, 2016 and it is the birthdate of the bearer or
registrant he/she can extend his/her renewal until the 20th day of the next month from the
expiration date which is December 20, 2016
Note: Non renewal beyond the extension date – additional 25% surcharge from the renewal fee
Non renewal beyond 5 consecutive years - delisting of name from the roster or list of
professionals - CBQ
MUST KNOWS!!!
Autonomy - agreement to respect another's right to self-determine a course of
action
- support of independent decision making.
- CBQ
PESSIMISTIC
- viewing into the negative side of life –NEGATIVISM
Malfeasance – performance of some act which ought not to be done
Misfeasance – improper performance of lawful act -CBQ
Stewardship - refers to the actions made for by the health practitioner IN BEHALF of
- CBQ the patient and for the greater benefit of the patient.
- Taking good care of oneself
Confidentiality Privacy
- observing the seal of secrecy - private domains
example: Privileged communication - Privacy is any not related to health
- Confidentiality is any related to health condition.
condition
Medical Records
- As a record of illness and treatment, it saves duplication in future cases and aids in
prompt treatment
- It serves as a legal protection for the hospital, doctor, and nurse/midwife by reflecting the
disease or condition of patient and its management.
- “If it was not charted, it was not observed or done.”
- Midwives have the responsibility of keeping the patient’s right to confidentiality.
- Permission has to be taken from the Medical Records Division of the Hospital.
Documentation error :
- Midwife should avoid using the words “error”, “incident” or “accident” in the
documentation - CBQ
a. The content in question must remain clearly visible or retrievable so that the purpose and
content of the correction is clearly understood.
DO! : draw a single horizontal line, above the line write “mistaken entry” and insert your
initials, along with the date and time the correction was made and enter the correct
information. - CBQ
- An accepted practice is to draw a single line completely through the white space,
including before and after your signature
Legal Reasons
- client’s record is a legal document and can be used as evidence in a court of law or in a
professional conduct proceeding.
- Courts may use the health record to reconstruct events, establish time and dates,
refresh one’s memory and to substantiate and/or resolve conflicts in testimony
Who owns the medical chart? Who owns the communication in the
medical chart?
Answer: Hospital Answer: Doctor and Patient
Examples of incidents include patient falls, medication errors, needle stick injuries, or any
circumstances that places clients or staff at risk of injury.
Incidents are generally recorded in two places, in the client’s medical record and in an incident
report, which is separate from the chart.
Consent
“free and rational act that presupposes knowledge of the thing which consent is being
given by a person who is legally capable to give consent.”
MIDWIFE actually secures the consent of the patient upon admission.
. Informed Consent
“it is established principle of law that every human being of adult years and sound
mind has the right to determine what shall be done with his on body”
Proof of Consent
SIGNATURE in a written consent to show that the procedure is the one consented to
and that the person understands the nature of procedure
- necessary before any medical or surgical treatment is done such as X-rays etc
. Emergency Situation
When an emergency situation exists, no consent is necessary because inaction at such
time may cause greater injury.
Refusal to Consent
Patients can refuse consent except unconscious patient/minors/ incompetent (minors or
mentally ill) or physically unable
If refuses to sign, this should be noted in his chart
CONTRACT-
Agreements between two entities, creating an enforceable obligation to do, or to refrai
n from doing, a particular thing
Contracts
– meeting of the minds between two persons whereby one binds himself, with respect to the
other, to give something or to render some services (Art. 1305, CC)
Competent Parties to enter into a contract : Persons who may not enter into a
Elements of validity) contract:
a. Consent - minor
b. Legal age - insane
c. Sound mind - intoxicated
d. Not under the influence of intoxicating drugs - deaf & mute
e. Not suffering from mental disability - ignorant
- Characteristics of contracts:
1. Obligatory - has force of law between parties
2. Autonomy - may establish agreement not contrary to law, morals good order, public
order, public policy: no coercion is done - CBQ
3. Mutuality - binding on both parties
4. Relativity - takes effect between parties, their assigns & heirs
Types of Contract:
1. Formal Contract – in written legal form eg. Marriage contract, business and career contract,
job contract - CBQ
2. Informal Contract-
the parties state the terms, either orally or in writing, at the time of its formation
Will - A written declaration of mans decision to be done with possession upon his death -
CBQ
Definition of Terms
Personal Property – movable property e.g. Real Property – immovable property e.g.
jewelries, given as testament land, house, bldgs., given as will
Professional Adjustment
- acting or the non-acting of which is the proximate cause of injury to another person or his
property
- failure to exercise the care that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in like
circumstances.
- by carelessness, not intentional harm.
3. Doctrine of Respondeat Superior - CBQ - “let the master answer for the acts of
the subordinate”
- the liability is expanded to include the
master
- applies only to those actions performed
by the employee within the scope of his
employment
Example:
- prescription of medication(antibiotics)
- I.V. insertion without training
- suturing 3rd and 4rth degree laceration
Example:
a. a person who practices midwifery without
certificate of registration
b. any person assuming or using title
advertising as registered midwife without
being conferred such title
c. any person advertising any title to convey
the impression that she is a midwife (e.g. using
midwive's uniform )
Defamation
- communication that is false or made with a careless disregard for the truth
and results in injury to the reputation of a person
- destruction of persons reputation
Example:
- writing in the chart that the doctor is incompetent
Slander by deeds
Types of Law
Private/Civil Law - body of law that deals Public law - body of law that deals with
with relationships among private relationship between individuals and the
individuals State/government and government
agencies; laws for the welfare of the
general public
Witness- Individual held upon to testify in reference to a case either for the accused or
against the accused
- Voluntary act of kindness of a midwife
EXECUTION OF JUDGEMENT
Judicial Remedies
Mandamus – agency or person to do an act required
MUST KNOWS!! :
Definition of terms :
A. Due Process - a fair investigation and hearing by a neutral body wherein parties
concerned or a person is given an opportunity to be heard
- Hears before it condemns – CBQ
Kinds:
1. Reckless imprudence – doing or failing to do an act resulting to injuries or death due to an
inexcusable lack of precaution
2. Simple Imprudence – lack of precaution; impending danger is not openly visible
CRIMINAL CASE:
a. Homicide – killing of any person without criminal intent may be done as self-defense
b. Murder - killing of any person with criminal intent - CBQ
Massacre - is a specific incident which involves the violent killing of many people
Aborticide – the act of killing a fetus in the womb
- (Abortion – killing of a fetus before it reaches the age of viability) - CBQ
Stages of execution
A. Consummated – when all the elements necessary for its execution and
accomplishment are present - CBQ
B. Frustrated – when the offender performs all the acts or execution which will
produce the felony as a consequence but producing no intended result. - CBQ
C. Attempted – when the offender commences the commission of the same directly
by overt acts and does not perform the acts which shall produce the felony.
Conspiracy - two or more person agreed and committed the felony, a means by which another
person is held liable for the commission of a crime - CBQ
Persons criminally liable - CBQ
Principal Accomplice - accessory Accessory - accessory after
by direct participation before the fact the fact
by inducement profiting themselves or
by indispensable Example: assisting others to
cooperation profit
Person who force to do The person who refers concealing, destroying
crime a patient to an body of the crime,
abortionist effects, instruments to
Example : prevent its discovery
harboring concealing,
The abortionist who assisting the escape of
perform the act. the principal
The patient who
commits abortion Example:
Bigamy - act of entering into a marriage with one person while still legally married to another.
the condition of having two wives or two husbands at the same time. - CBQ
- A marriage in which one ofthe parties is already legally married is bigamous, void, and g
round for annulment
(Adultery shall be punished by prison correctional in its medium and maximum periods.)
Mistress - a long-term female lover and companion who is not married to her partner
especially when her partner is married.
Concubinage – CBQ
Any husband who shall keep a mistress in the conjugal dwelling, or shall have sexual
intercourse, under scandalous circumstances, with a woman who is not his wife, or shall
cohabit with her in any other place
punished by prision correccional in its minimum and medium periods. (The concubine
shall suffer the penalty of destierro.)
Acts of lasciviousness
— Lascivious behavior is sexual behavior or conduct that is considered crude and offensive, or
contrary to local moral or other standards of appropriate behavior.
Sexual harassment - words, gestures actions which tend to annoy and verbally abuse another
person
Forcible abduction. — The abduction of any woman against her will and with lewd designs shall
be punished by reclusion temporal
Fornication is generally consensual sexual intercourse between two people not married to each
other.
Stealing
a. Theft – act of stealing without the use of Force
b. Robbery - act of stealing WITH use of Force
Burglary
- involves entering a building to take something,
- also includes entering any other type of property, such as someone's
automobile or a storage facility.
Larceny
- is the unlawful taking of property, but does not involve unlawful entry.
- unlawful taking and carrying away of another person’s property with the
intent never to return it to the owner.
Note: A person who is entrusted with property but then takes it unlawfully is guilty of
Embezzlement.
Extortion
- when one person either obtains money, property, or services from another
through coercion, intimidation, or threats of physical harm.
Blackmail
- crime of threatening to reveal substantially true information about a person
to the public, a family member, or associates unless a demand made upon
the victim is met
Arson
- is a crime against property that involves an intentional burning of a
structure.
Vandalism
- is the willful destruction of or damage to another person’s property.
Circumstances affecting criminal liability (JEMAA)
Aggravating Circumstances
increases /worsen liability • advantage of public position
• abused of confidence
• committed inside the Church
• committed on the occasion of fire, shipwreck, epidemic
conflagration, shipwreck or other calamity or misfortune
• committed because of a price reward or promise
• committed in times of natural calamities
• committed with evident premeditation
• committed with craft, fraud and disguise
• commit in confidence to your patient
• contempt or insult to public authorities
• Craft, fraud or disguise
Relationship,
Alternating (either mitigating or Itoxication
aggravating) Degree of education
Education is not mitigating in rape, forcible abduction, arson,
treason, seduction, acts of lasciviousness, heinous crimes
Doctrine of Citizenship
1. Expatriation – turning back one’s citizenship
2. Repatriation- withdrawing back or regaining back ones citizenship after
expatriation
- Jus sanguinis (Latin: right of blood) is a principle of nationality law by which citizenship is not
determined by place of birth but by having one or both parents who are citizens of the state.
Nationality law of :(Philippines, India, Poland, Iran, Thailand, Switzerland, Ukraine, Germany, -
Japan Ireland China South Korea)
Age of retirement :
Private employee – 60 years old
Public/government employee – 65 years old
PD 491 - Nutrition program
- July – Nutrition month
PD 568 - Role of Public health midwives expanded under the RHCDS; Restructuring
of the Philippine Health Care Delivery System; Deployment of midwives to
improve rural situation
1 Public Health Midwife = 5,000 population
1 PH nurse = 20,000 pop
1 RH Physician = 20,000 pop
PD 539 - Declaring last week of October every as Nurse’s Week. October 17, 1958
PD 651 - Birth registration following delivery (all health workers shall identify and
encourage the registration of all births within 30 days following delivery)
PD 825 - Anti- improper garbage disposal (provides penalty for improper disposal of
garbage)
PD 856 - Code of Sanitation
PD 851 - 13th Month pay
PD 965 - Family Planning and responsible parenthood instructions prior to issuance
of marriage license
- passed on July 20, 1976
PD 996 - Compulsory immunization for all children below eight (8) years old against
six (6) immunizable diseases
- passed on September 16, 1976
PD 1083 - Muslim Holidays
PD 1359 - A law allowing applicants for Philippine citizenship to take Board
Examination pending their naturalization.
PD 1519 - Gives medicare benefits to all government employees regardless of status of
appointment
PD 1636 - requires compulsory membership in the SSS and self-employed
EXECUTIVE ORDER – an order issued by the executive branch of the government in order to
implement a constructional mandate or a statutory provision.
EO 51 -
Milk Code (no to the use of pacifiers, formula milk and other prelacteal
feedings)
EO 180 - Government Workers Collective Bargaining Rights Guidelines on the right
to Organize of government employee.
EO 203 - List of regular holidays and special holidays
EO 209 - The Family Code (amended by RA 6809)
EO 226 - Command responsibility
BOARD OF MIDWIFERY / MIDWIFERY RESOLUTIONS
PROCLAMATION – an official declaration by the Chief Executive / Office of the President of the
Philippines on certain programs / projects / situation
Proc. # 773 - March 28, 1996 – Every 3rd Wednesday of April and May as the “Knock-
out Polio Day”
REPUBLIC ACTS
RA. 1080 - Civil Service eligibility for all degrees with licensure examinations
Republic - Act strengthening Health and Dental services in the rural areas
Act 1891
RA. 3573
- Reporting communicable Disease
RA. 5901 - Working hours & compensation in agencies with 100 bed capacity
- Normal hours of work. The normal hours of work of any employee shall not
exceed eight (8) hours a day
RA. 6425– - Dangerous Drug Act – the sale, administration, delivery, distribution and
transportation of prohibited drugs is punished by law.
RA. 6675 - Generics Act of 1988
- this promotes, requires and ensures the production of an adequate supply,
distribution, use an acceptance of drugs and medicines identified by their
generic names.
RA. 6713 - Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and
Employees.
- This Code upholds a time-honored principle that “Public office is a
Public trust”
RA. 7600 - Rooming –In and Breast feeding Act of 1992 (30 mins after birth)
RA. 7610 - Anti-Child Abuse Law (Special Protection of Children against Child
abuse, Exploitation & Discrimination)
RA. 7877 - Anti- sexual harassment Act of 1995
RA. 7883 - Barangay Health workers Benefits & Incentives Act of 1992
- an Act granting benefits and incentives to accredited BHWs for
voluntary health services rendered to the community
Sickness Benefit.
- a daily sickness benefit equivalent to ninety percent (90%) of his
average daily salary credit
Status Old tax law - RA. 8424 New tax law – RA 9504
Single individuals P20,000 P 50,000.00
Head of families/breadwinner P25,000 P 50,000.00
Married individuals P32,000. P 50,000.00
Additional Deduction for Every P8,000 per child up to 4 P25,000
Qualified Dependents children
Note: The law classify a DEPENDENT as a “legitimate, illegitimate or legally adopted child”
living with the taxpayer and not more than 21 years old, unmarried and not employed.
Tax evasion is the illegal evasion of taxes by individuals, corporations, and trusts.
- dishonest tax reporting, such as declaring less income, profits or gains than the
amounts actually earned, or overstating deductions.
RA. 9262 - Domestic Violence Act (Violence Against Women & Children)
RA 9288 - Newborn screening Act of 2004
RA 9439 - April 27, 2007, an act prohibiting the detention of patients in hospitals
and medical clinics on grounds of nonpayment of hospital bills or medical
expenses
RA 10152 - an act providing for mandatory basic immunization services for infants
and children, repealing for the purpose presidential decree no. 996, as
amended
RA10354 - an act providing for a national policy on responsible parenthood and
reproductive health
3. Article IV – Citizenship