Pigmentos Organicos Quimica
Pigmentos Organicos Quimica
Pigmentos Organicos Quimica
Pigment
• What is pigment
Pigment
Dye
Applications of Pigments
1 Tinting strength
2 Gloss
3 Viscosity
4 Weatherfastness
Forms of Pigments
• Azo Pigments
• Non-Azo Pigments = Polycyclic Pigments
Azo Pigments
Azo Pigments have the azo group (-N = N-)
There are 2 stages for the synthesis of azo pigments:
- Diazonium salt formation
- Coupling reaction
Monoazo Yellow and Orange Pigments
4. They have better solvent & migration fastness than mono azo
pigments & are use in printing inks & plastic
The color potential of disazo pigments covers the color range from
very greenish yellow and orange and red
Disazo Pigments(2 Oxygens missing)
β- Naphthol Pigments
They have outstanding light & weather fastness & solvent &
migration resistance
Commercial application are for high grade coating ( automotive),
for plastics & special inks
Quinacridone Pigments
Perylene and Perinone Pigments
There are two types of these pigments: salt of triphenylmethane sulfonic acid
salt of heteropolyacid with tungsten,
molybdenum, silicon or iron
They have poor solvent resistance and limited light fastness but have
excellent colour brilliant and clarity of hue better than any other organic and
/organic pigments
Commercial application is for printing inks especially are for packaging inks
Triarylcarbonium Pigments
Quinophthalone Pigments
Diazotization
In a vessel 912 kg of 4-methyl-2-nitroaniline is stirred over night
with water.
Then 3395 L of 5 mol / L HCl is added, together with some ice
to lower the temperatures to 0 C.
Sodium nitrite solution, 792 L of 40 wt % is then run in
underneath the surface.
Any excess sodium nitrite is removed by addition of 3- nitro- p-
toluidine.
Active charcoal is added as clarifying agent and then filtered
Coupling
Diazotization
Coupling
The reaction mixture is heated to 38 C, and the filter diazonium
salt soln is run in under the surface of the suspension of the
coupling component within 3,5 h. After completion of coupling,
the pigment is isolated by filtering the suspension thro a press,
washing to remove salt and drying at 50-55 C. The yield is 1400
kg
Copper Phthalocyanine Blue
(produced in Malaysia)
The mixture are heated up slowly within 1 hour to 200 C . Gas evolution
mostly CO2 and some NH3 with formation of phthalimide begins at 130 C.
1. Yield
The yield of reaction is max 90% based on copper chloride
used (see List of Patents). There are therefore about 10 %
of the reagents used are disposed as waste.
The presscake is then mixed with 25000 L of water, and the remaining acid is
neutralized with K2CO3 and ammonia. After addtion of 35 kg of Lorol
sulfonate the suspension is heated for 1 h until a clear filtrate is obtained.
After filtration of the suspension, the presscake is washed with hot water
and homogenized with sufficient water to give a 20% paste, which is past 3-
5 times thro a disintegrator (3000 rpm).
Pigmentation by Grinding
PRODUCTION COUNTRIES
Crude CuPc was used to be produced in Japan,
Europe and America but now it has been shifted to
mainly China and India due to lower labor cost and
also mainly as the waste regulations of these
countries are not strictly followed.
COST OF RAW MATERIALS USED
(Jan 2011)
Urea $ 350 / MT
Ammonium $ 24,000 / MT
molybdate
If the cost of raw materials ($3.52), packaging ($0.04) and energy ($0.44) to
be $4.00/kg then to produce 5000 MT = $20m
Then Profit :
The profit should be more than this as the saving cost for the
waste treatment should be added to this amount.
SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM
• Adding a small amount of another co catalyst
would improve the yield tremendously up to
99.9%
• The co-catalyst could be added at the same
time as other reagents before the reaction
starts or in the middle of the reaction before
the temperature reaches 160 C
• The general chemical formula of this chemical
is a complex of X-fatty acid ester sodium salt