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    Adipose Tissue

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    The document describes adipose tissue. It is mainly made up of cells called adipocytes that store lipids. There are two types: white fat with unilocular adipocytes and brown fat with multilocular adipocytes. Adipose tissue fulfills mechanical, metabolic and endocrine functions as an energy reserve and thermal insulation.

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    Adipose Tissue

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    The document describes adipose tissue. It is mainly made up of cells called adipocytes that store lipids. There are two types: white fat with unilocular adipocytes and brown fat with multilocular adipocytes. Adipose tissue fulfills mechanical, metabolic and endocrine functions as an energy reserve and thermal insulation.

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    The document describes adipose tissue. It is mainly made up of cells called adipocytes that store lipids. There are two types: white fat with unilocular adipocytes and brown fat with multilocular adipocytes. Adipose tissue fulfills mechanical, metabolic and endocrine functions as an energy reserve and thermal insulation.

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    Adipose tissue

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    The document describes adipose tissue. It is mainly made up of cells called adipocytes that store lipids. There are two types: white fat with unilocular adipocytes and brown fat with multilocular adipocytes. Adipose tissue fulfills mechanical, metabolic and endocrine functions as an energy reserve and thermal insulation.

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    11 views22 pages

    Adipose Tissue

    Uploaded by

    ScribdTranslations
    The document describes adipose tissue. It is mainly made up of cells called adipocytes that store lipids. There are two types: white fat with unilocular adipocytes and brown fat with multilocular adipocytes. Adipose tissue fulfills mechanical, metabolic and endocrine functions as an energy reserve and thermal insulation.

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    of 22

    ADIPOSE TISSUE

    General Histology Seminar

    Luis Santamaría, Laura de Andrés


    ADIPOSE TISSUE
    It is formed by the association of cells that accumulate lipids (triglycerides) in
    their cytoplasm. These cells are adipocytes .
    It is the connective tissue with the most active basal metabolism.

    Adipose tissue. Features:

    mechanical functions
    Serve as a buffer
    Protection
    Thermal insulator (fat conducts heat poorly)
    Keeping internal organs and other body structures in place

    metabolic functions
    Reserves lipids (takes up less volume and has less weight)
    Lipid metabolism, vital for the body
    Heat and power generation
    Endocrine function: adipokine hormones
    Adipose tissue is mainly located :
    -Under the skin (subcutaneous fat). Shapes the body.
    -Around the internal organs (visceral fat): intestine, pancreas and kidneys
    -Between the lungs: mediastinum
    -Mammary fat pad
    -Below epicardium
    -Yellow bone marrow

    Adipose tissue is made up of mesenchymal cells :


    -Adipocytes (predominant)
    -Other connective tissue cells:
    Fibroblasts
    Macrophages
    Endothelial cells (abundant vessels).

    And extracellular matrix :


    Very little amorphous matrix and few fibers (type
    I and III collagen)
    The adipocyte is surrounded by a double covering synthesized by the adipocyte:
    -Outside the plasma membrane they have a structure similar to a basal lamina, which
    completely surrounds the cell. Consisting of Collagen IV, laminin and heparan sulfate,
    but NOT fibronectin in mature adipocytes
    -Externally collagen III mesh
    Varieties of adipose tissue

    brown fat
    white fat
    unilocular adipocytes multilocular adipocytes
    (white fat) (brown fat)
    White or unilocular adipose tissue
    unilocular adipocytes
    - Large, oval, pale cells

    - Variable size, from 10-200mm


    - Nucleus confined to the periphery, flattened in shape. It is displaced outward by the large
    drop of fat that serves to store lipids.
    - Its membrane has receptors for norepinephrine, growth hormone, glucocorticoids and
    insulin.

    adipocyte Mitochondr
    ia
    Core

    fat drop
    Golgi
    complex

    Cytoplasm
    Brown or multilocular adipose tissue
    multilocular adipocytes
    - smaller cells
    - clumps of lipofuscin , brownish-yellowish in color
    - Rounded core, in central position
    - Numerous small vacuoles that store lipids
    - Large number of mitochondria
    - Glycogen accumulations
    - Very innervated and irrigated
    Vascularization of adipose tissue
    unilocular adipocytes

    multilocular adipocytes

    Vascular perfusion of adipose tissue with India ink


    unilocular adipocyte
    unilocular
    multilocular adipocyte
    unilocular adipocyte multilocular adipocyte
    Mitochondria very

    Mitochondria rod-shaped, with


    ridges perpendicular to the long
    axis. High concentration of
    respiratory enzymes
    abundant, with septate
    ridges. They express UCP-
    1c
    Biochemistry white fat brown fat
    Glycogen + ++

    saturated + ++
    lipids
    Triglycerides ++ +
    Glycolipids ++ +
    Phospholipids + ++
    Lipases ++ ++
    Enzymes + ++
    oxidative
    Adipose tissue histogenesis
    Inducers : Insulin, IFG-1, glucocorticoids,
    Adipogenesis free fatty acids
    Transcription factors:
    PPARs (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor)
    family
    C/EBPs family (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein)
    Physiology of unilocular adipose
    tissue
    Adrenaline
    Glucagon
    lipolysi
    ACTH s
    Insulin

    Previous
    hypothalamic

    triglyceride
    Supra-optic
    s
    nucleus '

    Mammillary

    Optical nerve /
    Optical chiasm
    Anterior
    pituitary

    ↓
    NPY

    • glucose
    • fatty acids
    • lipoproteins lipoprotein lipase lipase
    phosphorylated lipase
    leptin
    Physiology of unilocular adipose
    tissue Glucose The glucose transporter protein (GLUT-4)
    Adrenalin Phosphorylation
    cAMP-mediated p...................p- produced by the adipocyte facilitates the
    Glucagon
    of lipase entry of glucose into the cell.
    ACTH

    Lipase

    Antilipolitical effect
    Reservoir
    lipid droplet
    adipose cell

    Lipase inhibition

    4 Lipoprotein lipase is
    synthesized by adipose
    cells and transferred to
    Insulin Prostaglandins endothelial cells. Leptin
    Fatty acids
    Note that lipase phosphorylation induced by
    Leptin is a hormone
    adrenaline, glucagon and ACTH allows the
    produced mainly by white
    mobilization of the triglyceride pool (lipolytic effect
    adipose tissue. It provides
    ).
    information about fat mass
    Inhibition of lipase activity by
    insulin and prostaglandins stimulate lipid and nutritional status to the
    nerve centers involved in
    deposition (antilipolytic effect ).
    the regulation of appetite,
    Obesity and diabetes are two clinical disorders
    Capillar energy balance and intake.
    in which adipose tissue is involved. y
    Functional aspects of brown fat
    Thermogenesis
    Brown adipose tissue produces heat from lipid metabolism:
    - Useful in the first moments of life
    - The cold stimulates the production of norepinephrine , which activates
    thermogenesis.
    The uncoupling protein (its name is UCP-1 or thermogenin a) is found in the inner
    membrane of the mitochondria.
    Functional aspects of brown fat

    irisin

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