”Year of the Promotion of Responsible Industry and Climate Commitment”

FACULTY OF SCIENCES
HEALTH
PHARMACY SCHOOL AND
BIOCHEMISTRY

“Responsible Reproductive Health Contribution to Development” TEACHER:

Azabache Gutiérrez Pablo
SUBJECT:
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY VI
STUDENT NAME:

AUTHORS: VALERA CAMPOS LUIS.

TRUJILLO - PERU
2014
 CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY LOS ANGELES

CHIMBOTE-TRUJILLO

RESPONSIBLE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

CONTRIBUTION TO DEVELOPMENT

Trujillo, 2014
SUMMARY

The problem of sexual and reproductive health is above all a matter of human relationships and the
development of life, so to talk about sexual and reproductive rights it is necessary to talk about human rights
which are present in the social sphere, both public and private in the couple, family, school, work, community in
everyday life; Therefore, human rights can be defined as "the principles that allow us to recognize, respect and
protect the religious, political, cultural, racial and sexual particularities of people and are based on the dignity of
the person and the freedom to decide about the exercise of their sexuality and reproduction".

Relationships between the sexes and between generations, especially between adults, girls, and boys, are a
field for exercises of power, there they can assume arbitrary forms that violate the human rights of other people,
therefore, sexual reproductive rights are relegated or pitifully denied and invisibilities.

A very important advance we have: AIDS is a problem that cannot be stopped, although it is true that many
countries try to contribute actions from within their possibilities to stop it, we are still far from achieving it, the
results in the last decade of Infections have decreased, the same in relation to deaths compared to 2005 , but
there is still much to do, from the different fields of action.

SUMMARY
 The issue of sexual and reproductive health is primarily a matter of human relationships and development of
life, so to discuss sexual and reproductive rights it is necessary to speak of human rights which are present in
the social sphere, both public and private between the couple, the family, school, work, the community in
everyday life; Therefore, may be defined human rights as "the principles for recognizing, respecting and
protecting religious peculiarities, political, cultural, racial and sexual people and are based on the dignity and
freedom to decide on their sexuality and reproduction. "
The relations between the sexes and between generations especially among adults, children are field exercises
power, there can take arbitrary forms that violate the human rights of others, therefore, sexual reproductive
rights are relegated or unfortunately denied and invisibilities.
A major breakthrough have AIDS is a problem that I could not stop, although a lot of countries try to contribute
from their potential actions to be slowing it down, the results are still far from achieving, in the last decade
infections decreased, both in relation to deaths since 2005, but there is still much to do, from the different fields
of action

INTRODUCTION
Education has the social responsibility of transmitting to current and future
generations the experiences accumulated in the process of their development;
That is why educational practice, systematically directed, constitutes a fundamental
pillar within society for the formation of the new man, which allows him to live up to
the demands of his time. In correspondence with this purpose, the Third
Educational Revolution lays the foundations for the achievement of a
comprehensive and harmonious Education, which penetrates all spheres of social
life and is materialized in the modes of action of each citizen.

The first stage included from 1960 to 1987: characterized by the need for a
Revolution in Sexual Education in adolescents and young people, emphasizing:
projection of society to achieve the formation of responsible sexual attitudes in
adolescents and young people, allowing to determine as indicators the integration
of socializing agents into the health promotion process, the gender approach on
responsible sexual attitude and preparation of school institutions in the work of
Sexual Education.
The responsibility of providing the first elements for Sexuality Education, part of the
family from its educational influence, in close connection with the school institution
and other socializing agents, guaranteeing the formation of a system of values and
principles aimed at Education for life and the achievement of the main objective: to
educate for their insertion and participation in society.
Sexuality education during adolescence, due to its impact on social development,
is supported by the policy of the Cuban State, for such purposes in the Theses and
Resolutions on “The Formation of Children and Youth” it states that in relationships
social relations between men and women will have a favorable impact on adequate
Sexual Education that begins at home and is scientifically reinforced at school; For
which projects and programs are established on these topics at all educational
levels, describing how they should be developed at each stage of life, with
emphasis on adolescents and young people.

JUSTIFICATION
Often the beginning of a sexual life, without prior knowledge of the different
contraceptive methods, marks a dangerous and difficult life for the adolescent,
because in most cases pregnancies occur during the first sexual relationship, due
to lack of of person information.

This research is of great importance and interest because early pregnancy due to
ignorance or lack of information on the proper use of condoms or contraceptives is
a serious social problem that is repeated in a spiral from generation to generation.

It is a novel study although this is not a new topic to be discussed because it is the
first time that this research has been carried out in said educational center.

I think that this study will be very useful as it will help people interested in the
subject develop educational projects aimed at promoting the proper use of
contraceptive methods and condom use and thus reduce early pregnancy and
sexually transmitted diseases.

GOALS

General

Contribute to the formation of a responsible sexual attitude.

Specific

Understand sexuality as a source of health, pleasure, affection and

communication, assuming that its functions are broad and enriching.

Indicate whether parents received any type of guidance on the use of sexual and
reproductive protection methods and what the source was.

BACKGROUND
■ Goberna, in 2002, carried out a study on reproductive health on the
threshold of the 21st century, its objective was to provide a reflection on the
type of reproductive health care required by today's society. First, we review
the development of the notion of health as a conceptual framework and then
talk about reproductive health in greater depth. In a few years, the concept
of reproductive health has gone from being focused on the process of
pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum to a broader and more holistic
approach. It was concluded regarding the type of reproductive health care, it
is important to take into account the sociocultural environment in which
reproductive health nursing care is carried out 1 .

■ Char et al, in 2011, conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the access

of young single men to reproductive health information and services in rural
India, which aimed to determine the accessibility of information on
reproductive health and contraceptives. The following results were obtained:
knowledge of young single men's sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is
limited, although the majority are familiar with condoms (99%) and young
people identified electronic media (67%) as the main source of information
on reproductive health. It was concluded that young single men in rural India
are underserved when it comes to sexual and reproductive health
information and services 2 .

■ Américo et al, in 2013 carried out a cross-sectional analytical study on

Attention to Family Planning and Avoidable Reproductive Risk, the objective
of which was to know the profile of women who receive assistance in the
family planning program and to verify the presence of risks for the
reproduction. Data were collected through interviews and then subjected to
a descriptive statistical analysis. The results obtained were the following:
The predominant reproductive risk factor was teenage pregnancy (36%),
followed by a pregnancy interval of less than two years (15.9%). It was
concluded that avoidable risk factors should be the focus
 ■ of education in health programs, so couples can plan pregnancies without
risks.

■ Lechner, in the 2013 conducted a study on the students

university students and your sexual
health: responsibility staff or
University Responsibility, aimed to examine perceptions of individual and
institutional responsibility for student sexual health so that institutions can
better meet the needs of their students to increase academic success and
healthy relationship outcomes. The result was that the participants
considered that it is the responsibility of the university to provide the
resources and the responsibility of the students to access the resources. It
was concluded that students have different expectations of their institutions;
so universities can better serve their students, resulting in better health
outcomes.

■ Gonzales et al, in 2013 carried out a cross-sectional study on Sexual and

Reproductive Health in Adult Latin American Immigrants in the City of
Seville, whose objective was to describe the Characterization of Sexual and
Reproductive Health in the Latin American Adult Population in the city of
Seville. Seville. The results were the following, the male condom is used by
43.0% of the sample, it is used more by men than by women, 68.9% vs.
31,1%. Married women use contraceptive methods more frequently (64.2%),
single women (42.6%). It was concluded that most of the population studied
is well informed about family planning and uses some methods of
contraception, most frequently the male condom.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

DEFINITION OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

In 1994, an event of historical importance occurred that allowed the countries of

the world to reach an agreement on the definition of reproductive health. At the
International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), taking as a
starting point the definition of health established by the WHO, the following
definition was drafted:

Reproductive health is a general state of physical, mental and social well-being,

and not the mere absence of disease or illness, in all aspects related to the
reproductive system and its functions and processes; Consequently, reproductive
health entails the ability to enjoy a satisfying and safe sex life and to procreate, and
the freedom to decide to do so, when and how often.

This last condition implies the right of men and women to obtain information and
family planning of their choice, as well as other methods for regulating fertility that
are not legally prohibited, and access to safe, effective, affordable methods. and
acceptable conditions, the right to receive adequate health care services that
enable safe pregnancies and births and give couples the greatest chance of having
healthy children.

REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH: AN INTEGRAL PART OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

The concept of what constitutes reproductive health has evolved in many ways; it
no longer refers only to family planning, as it was understood in the sixties, but has
a much broader field of action that goes beyond the biological sphere. and is
related to the values, culture and personal fulfillment of each human being. At the
personal level, today reproductive health refers to a continuum that begins before
conception, includes early education, encompasses adolescent development and
passes through the period of fertility and reproduction until, in In women, it leads to
menopause and climacteric and, in men, to andropause.
At the collective level, it is an integral part of the sustainable development of a
country and is based on individual and social human rights and duties. In addition
to family planning, it includes sexual education, safe motherhood, control of
sexually transmitted diseases, attention to complications of unsafe abortion,
incorporation of the gender perspective and care of all the needs related to the
reproduction of the human species and the cultivation of its potential.

The topic of reproductive health provokes passionate reactions and can be the
subject of intense debates and disparate forms of interpretation. However, many of
these concerns are common to different belief and value systems and, therefore,
have important implications for the field of public health. Furthermore, the changes
implicit in the new definition of reproductive health are not superficial, but rather
generate new expectations that require modifying the design of services and the
principles of health promotion 7 .

PAHO has cooperated in this field with countries for more than 30 years and,
although resolutions on the subject have been approved in recent years, the
implications of the expanded concept of reproductive health now offer a special
opportunity to confirm its contribution to the sustainable development and
examining the processes with which it can be operationalized; During those years,
important advances have been achieved in reproductive health in the Region of the
Americas: the decrease in maternal and infant mortality, the dissemination of the
concept of comprehensive adolescent development; the incorporation of the topic
in undergraduate and graduate study programs in the health sciences; the
increasing integration of relevant activities into public health services; and the
collection of information that better informs planning and decision-making.
However, there are large discrepancies between and within the countries of the
Region, which contributes to the unnecessary loss of human life and creates an
obstacle to individual and collective development.

REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

Reproductive health is a general state of physical, mental and social well-being in
all aspects related to the reproductive system and its functions and processes. This
implicitly entails the right of men and women to obtain information and have access
to safe, effective, acceptable and economically affordable family planning methods
of their choice, as well as to other methods of their choice for the regulation of their
fertility, which are not legally prohibited, and the right of women to have access to
health care services that promote safe pregnancies and births. Reproductive health
care includes sexual health, the objective of which is the development of life and
personal relationships.

Reproductive rights encompass certain human rights that are already recognized in
national laws, international human rights documents and other relevant United
Nations documents adopted by consensus. These rights are based on the
recognition of the basic right of all couples and individuals to freely and responsibly
decide the number of children, the spacing of births and the timing of having them,
and to have the information and means necessary to do so. and the right to
achieve the highest level of sexual health and. Full attention must be given to
promoting mutually respectful and reproductive relationships. It also includes the
right of all people to make decisions regarding reproduction without suffering
discrimination, coercion or violence, equality between men and women, and
particularly to meet the additional needs and services of adolescents so that they
can assume their sexuality in a positive and responsible way.

All countries are urged to make efforts to provide reproductive health services,
through the primary health care system, to all persons of appropriate age as soon
as possible and no later than the year 2015. Such care should include, among
other things: family planning counselling, information, education, communications
and services; education and services for prenatal care, safe childbirth, and
postpartum care, including maternal and child health care and the promotion of
breastfeeding; prevention and treatment of infertility, termination of pregnancy;
treatment of infections of the reproductive system,
 sexually transmitted diseases and other reproductive health conditions, and
information, education and advice on human sexuality, reproductive health and
responsible parenthood.
Reproductive health care programs should be developed to meet the needs of
women and adolescent girls, involving women's participation in leadership,
planning, decision-making, management, implementation, organization and
evaluation of services. Innovative programs should be developed to provide
adolescents and adult men with access to reproductive health information,
counseling and services. These programs must educate and empower men to
share equally in the responsibilities of family planning, housework and parenting
and accept the important responsibility of preventing sexually transmitted diseases.

FAMILY PLANNING

It is recommended that measures be taken to help couples and individuals achieve

their reproductive goals; prevent unwanted pregnancies and reduce the incidence
of high-risk pregnancies and morbidity and mortality; facilitate access to quality
services that are acceptable and economically affordable for all who need and wish
to receive them; improve the quality of advice, information, education,
communications and guidance services, and promote breastfeeding to promote
birth spacing. It is stressed that governments and the international community
should use all means at their disposal to support the principle of voluntary choice in
family planning.

As part of the effort to meet unmet needs, all countries are requested to identify
and eliminate all significant barriers that still exist to the utilization of family
planning services, governments are urged to provide, through all possible
channels, an enabling environment for the provision of high-quality information
services in family planning and reproductive health, in the public and private
sectors. The international community is urged to take immediate steps to establish
an effective system of coordination and
 services at the global, regional and subregional levels for the acquisition of
contraceptives and other products essential for reproductive health programs in
developing countries and countries with economies in transition.
UNSAFE ABORTION

Unsafe abortion still constitutes a serious public health problem today, since
maternal mortality associated with the prevalence of abortion performed in
conditions that threaten women's lives is still enormously high and avoidable. The
criminalization and/or criminalization of abortion results in unsafe or clandestine
abortion, which is carried out in conditions of risk to the woman's health.

In the world, one in ten pregnancies ends in unsafe abortion, with Asia, Africa and
Latin America being the regions with the highest numbers, which places unsafe
abortion as the third cause of maternal death worldwide. It is estimated that in the
world 68 thousand women die each year due to unsafe abortions, most of them in
developing countries where, due to lack of access to family planning, unplanned
pregnancies occur, resulting in 19 million abortions. unsafe per year.

Access to safe and effective contraception reduces the incidence of induced

abortions, and access to safe procedures in poor areas can reduce the number of
deaths, complications, as well as fewer orphaned children due to unsafe abortions.

DISCUSSION
 It is necessary to take into account the various factors that affect the lives of
adolescents and young people in order to influence their sexual behaviors and
their decisions about reproductive health. A reproductive and sexual health
policy must go beyond family planning and include the objective of promoting
skills and providing information that support healthy relationships, responsible
motherhood and fatherhood, school attendance and job training, which are
broader dimensions. of reproductive life. Adolescents and young people must be
helped to develop skills and talents that open up opportunities for economic
viability. Such alternatives, combined with reproductive health information and
services, can help motivate young people to postpone sexual activity by helping
them understand the long-term implications of their decisions and the
importance of planning for the future.

CONCLUSION

4- The main learning needs identified are related to: information about sexuality
and reproduction, relationship with the family; interpersonal communication
with people of their own and other sexes, how to choose a sexual partner
and alert them about the risk of pregnancy and STIs.
4- Sexual health is aimed at improving life, well-being and achieving healthy
and equitable personal relationships. Its fundamental purpose is to enjoy a
satisfactory and risk-free sexual life, all with respect for human and sexual
rights that guarantee the right to sexual freedom of men and women at
different stages of the life cycle, without have to suffer discrimination,
coercion or violence.

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