AUTOMOTIVE TRAINING &seta

mer
ECU REPAIR

MEMBERS:

ING. ANGEL CORNEJO

ING. CHILIQUINGA OMAR
ING. UGEÑO DENIS
ING. GUACHAMIN CRISTIAN
ECU REPAIR
MAIN COMPONENTS OF THE ECU
Voltage regulator at 5v

Memory

Decoder

Microprocessor
input module
VOLTAGE REGULATOR SOURCES
AUTOMOTIVE ECUS
coming from the battery (12v or 24v) in one or
more voltages

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 FUNCTIONS THAT A POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT HAS

Regulate the voltage of

input power
Regulate the voltage of
main power supply
module.

Regulate the supply voltage of the vehicle's sensors

and actuators that depend on the ECU for their
power.
 at an appropriate
value,
where they can operate
correctly all
internal components
of the module.
 SWITCHED VOLTAGE LINEAR VOLTAGE REGULATORS
REGULATORS
TYPES OF POWER SUPPLY OR VOLTAGE REGULATORS

They are
classified

It has the same power as a linear They have a relatively simple design

will be smaller and usually more efficient can be more complex

more
Its voltage regulation is inefficient.
complex

more susceptible to
breakdowns.
COMPONENTS OF THE VOLTAGE REGULATOR
MPONENTS OF THE VOLTAGE REGULATOR
 If an electric current of

ZENER DIODE

Anode to Cathode takes on the characteristics of a diode

basic rectifier

If a reverse current is supplied, the diode will only pass a constant

voltage.
ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR
OF
ALUMINUM

Electrolytic capacitors are increasingly used in

designs. Its very high capacitance values combined with
Their low cost makes them particularly useful in different
areas.

They often have the value of

working capacity and voltage
 CAPACITORS
TANTALI
UM

Tantalum capacitors are widely used to provide values of

capacitances greater than those that can be obtained in capacitors
ceramics

Size A 3.2mm x 1.6mm x 1.6mm (EIA 3216-

B size 3.5mm x 18)
C size 6.0mm x 2.8 mm x 1.9 mm (EIA 3528-
D size 7.3mm x 21 }
E size 7.3mm x 3.2mm x 2.2mm (EIA 6032-
23}
4.3 mm x 2.4 mm (EIA 7343-
31 }
 4.3 mm x 4.1 mm (EIA 7343-

SHOCK COIL

High power density, high efficiency, power inductors with

armored drum core

They are used to suppress noise and deliver a voltage

much more stable to the voltage regulator
DRIVERS
 DRIVERS
CONTROLLERS
They are devices used in the control processes of actuators in
automotive ECU control units.
 FEATURES

Almost all brands of modern control units incorporate these elements

There is still a lot of ignorance in the way Smart Drivers and conventional
Drivers operate.

When repairing automotive computers, it must be very clear that these types of
components usually fail.
It is used by the most modern control unit brands, for example Motorola,
SMART DRIVERS
Denso, Siemens, and in recent vehicle models such as those from 2010
onwards.

They are used in various control units, such as:

Transmission Computer (TCM),
Board Computers
Onboard Entertainment Systems.
MOSFET transistors have the same operating principle as transistors; they are
charge-controlled devices, which means that their output current is proportional
DRIVER
to the load established on the semiconductor.
(MOSFET)
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A MOSFET

When considering MOSFET switched mode operation, the goal is to switch

between the lowest value and highest resistance states of the device in the
shortest time possible.
Since practical switching times of MOSFETs (approximately 10 ns to 60 ns)
are at least two to three orders of magnitude longer than theoretical
switching times (approximately 50 ps to 200 ps), it seems important to
understand the discrepancy. .
Referring to the MOSFET models, note that all models include three
capacitors connected between the three terminals of the device.
Ultimately, the switching performance of the MOSFET transistor is
determined by how quickly the voltages across these capacitors can be
changed .
 BIPOLAR TOTEM CONTROLLER

One of the most popular and cost-

effective drive circuits for driving
MOSFETs is a bipolar, non-inverting
totem pole driver.
 The insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is a semiconductor
device that is generally applied as a controlled switch in power electronic circuits.

IGBT
The IGBT combines properties of the TBJ and the MOSFET. It has a MOSFET type gate and therefore
has a high input impedance.
It is generally used in power circuits.
It is a device for switching high voltage systems. The gate control voltage is about 15V.
COMPUTER BANKING
 Voltage regulator at 5v

Memor
y

Da encoder

Module of
i
input

tj

IAC Driver Injector drivers

Before uncovering the ECU, you should have an idea of the sector where the fault
could be.
 It is recommended to divide the automotive
ECU into sectors or blocks with differentiated
functions.

INPUT
PROCESSOR
Entry block or
sector OUTPUT
Processing
block Exit block or
sector

HEHCIKr
 INPUT block
o They are all the circuits that are found as
L Receivers of the different signals that will enter the ECU
and before they reach the microprocessor.

Trimm
L They receive data as electrical signals. et
L They come from sensors and components in various
places around the engine
I

Co
 INPUT block

Wave fault may be located in this sector when

□ There is no signal of (4.5 to 5)V in any sensor
□ There is no 12v pulse in its respective actuator.

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a
MT
M
 PROCESSING BLOCK

L It is the entire circuit that develops the programmed functions and that is
circuitically constituted by the processor, memories and any circuit that is
involved in the execution of the software.

The microprocessor fails when the vehicle does

•

not start.
•
There are no input and output pulses.
Sensors
•

•
Actuators
• The scanner and interface cannot connect to the
vehicle.
 OUTPUT
Just as the signals are processed upon input, there are also microprocessor output circuits that
will be actuated.
They appear like this:
Amplifiers
Power circuits with transistors
All the so-called drivers or handlers, etc.
That is to say, those controlled by the microphone, for example:
o
Ignition coils
elays injectors, etc.
Possible failures in this sector when
There is a pulse of approximately (4.5 to 5)V in the
sensors.
There is no 12 volt signal in injectors, relays or ignition
coil.
Caution: Automotive computer components are extremely sensitive to
electro-static discharge (ESD).
Before handling any component, remember. Static electricity from the human
body can irreversibly damage automotive computer integrated circuits. Take
precautions before uncovering the ECU.
 Types of computer failures
Cracked or corroded weld point
□ Although the cracks in the welding points are almost not noticeable, they must be repaired
since they cause failures, the same happens with the points that present corrosion due to
rust.
□ This type of anomaly causes 60% of ECU failures.
You can detect these cases when
L 1. When there are times that the vehicle starts, and there are also other times when it does not
want to start for no reason.
L 2. When a vehicle fails and is then removed
o A good repair involves heating the cracked solder, removing the old solder, and
then re-soldering it.
This represents a fault, which is usually solved by making external bridges. In this
case the solution would be to solder a fine wire over the burned track.
o REPLACE ALL ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS

Burnt track
 Damaged
o Damaged output transistor transistor
These transistors are located in line, in which they are covered by a heat sink. Pry each side a little at a time to
remove it. Do not try to remove the insulation at the same time as it may break.
 Capacitor failures
In capacitor failures we find two types:
□ 1) Failures due to Capacitors NOT DAMAGED, but that have lost capacity.
□ 2) Failures of physically damaged capacitors.
there for Capacitors that have lost capacity
Always be wary of electrolytic capacitors, especially if the ECU is more than 7 years old.
□
□ If you find one damaged, replace all
NOTE: Carefully observe the polarity of the capacitor before removing it, to replace it
exactly the same.
 Microprocessor failure:

o The way to verify is through the diagnostic interface. If the ECU can communicate, it means that the
microprocessor is working perfectly.
L A computer with a damaged microprocessor is very difficult to repair since this part is custom designed
by the manufacturer, which makes it impossible to find a replacement.
o Important observation: THAT THERE IS COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE SOFTWARE AND
THE ECU DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE ECU IS IN GOOD CONDITION, IT ONLY MEANS
THAT THE MICROPROCESSOR IS WORKING WELL, THEREFORE WE RULE OUT
FAILURE IN THE MICRO
 External connection practice, on mounti
bench for repair ng

SWITCH

PERMANE MAIN
NT RELA
POSITIVE Y
E (B+)
External connection practice, bench
mounting for repair

ECU
By simply connecting the ECU to the test bench, it allows you to power it, and simulate the necessary
signals for the ECU to activate injectors, ignition coils, IAC, EGR valves, EVAP, VVTI solenoids,
among others.
The computer test bench. Internally it contains elements that simulate the injectors and ignition coils,
and in the case of signals to activate ignition modules. Internally, the test bench contains Mosfet-type
transistors to simulate activation.
It can also be combined with a Scanner and Multimeter to take the signals to be measured and to
simulate tests, including connecting it to the 16-pin OBD II diagnostic socket.
t
oThe test bench has an internal regulated source, which allows providing 5 volts with regulated current,
to perform tests. It also has a 12 volt source with controlled current, to perform various tests on the
ECU or on the car.
LOW CAN READING
LOW CAN SIGNAL
READING OF THE HIGH CAN
 LOW CAN SIGNAL
LOW CAN SIGNAL SHOULD READ AROUND 2.3 TO 2.6 V, IN THIS TEST THE ECU IS STILL ALIVE
 SIGNAL OF

ATION TEST OF THE

ITH SCANNER

TION WITH THE

D THE ECU (THE COMMUNICATION BY
ILL ALIVE) PORT 7
 SIGNAL OF
COMMUNICATION BY
PORT 15 IS ONLY
TO START THE
ECU
 WEBGRAPHY

http://www.aficionadosalamecanica.com/manual-de-
reparacion-de-centralitas-ecus/
https://es.slideshare.net/jaimikow/libro-reparacion-ecus
https://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=i-PXZdschLQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xc50yq-O-ZQ