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Activity 2

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6 views2 pages

Activity 2

Uploaded by

diazchristian708
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Yesha M.

Caragan
BSE-SST 2-1

Activity 2: Research on the following;

1. Origin of the Earth.


The Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago from a swirling cloud of gas and
dust in space known as the solar nebula. Over time, gravity caused this
material to come together, forming the Earth as we know it today. It began as
a hot, molten mass and gradually cooled, forming distinct layers, including the
core, mantle, and crust. Oceans and an atmosphere developed as the planet
cooled further. Over billions of years, the Earth evolved, and life eventually
emerged and diversified, leading to the diverse ecosystems we have today.

2. Structure of the Earth.


The Earth's structure can be divided into several distinct layers:

1. Crust
This is the Earth's outermost layer, and it's relatively thin compared to the
other layers. The Earth's crust is divided into continental crust, which forms
the continents, and oceanic crust, which underlies the ocean basins. It
consists mainly of solid rock.

2. Mantle
Below the crust lies the mantle, which is a thicker layer of hot, semi-solid
rock. The mantle extends to a depth of about 1,800 miles (2,900
kilometers). It is responsible for convection currents that drive plate
tectonics and other geological processes.

3. Outer Core
Beneath the mantle is the outer core, which is primarily composed of liquid
iron and nickel. The movement of the molten material in the outer core
generates the Earth's magnetic field through a process called the
geodynamo.

4. Inner Core
The innermost layer of the Earth is the inner core, which is a solid sphere
consisting mainly of iron and nickel. Despite extremely high temperatures,
the inner core remains solid due to the immense pressure at that depth.

The Earth's structure is significant because it influences geological processes,


such as plate tectonics, volcanism, and seismic activity, and it plays a crucial
role in shaping the planet's surface and its geological history.

3. Spheres of the Earth.


The Earth is often divided into several spheres based on the different physical
and chemical properties of each layer. These spheres help us understand the
Yesha M. Caragan
BSE-SST 2-1

Earth's complex systems and how they interact. The main Earth spheres
include:

1. Lithosphere
The lithosphere is the rigid, outermost layer of the Earth, consisting of the
solid crust and the uppermost part of the mantle. It's where tectonic plates
exist and move. This sphere is responsible for geological features like
mountains, continents, and ocean basins.

2. Hydrosphere
The hydrosphere includes all of Earth's water, both on the surface and
underground. This encompasses oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, glaciers, and
groundwater. Water is essential for sustaining life and shaping the planet's
landscape through erosion and deposition.

3. Atmosphere
The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth. It contains
oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and other gases vital for supporting life.
The atmosphere also plays a crucial role in regulating temperature,
weather patterns, and protecting Earth from harmful solar radiation.

4. Biosphere
The biosphere is the zone on Earth where life exists. It includes all living
organisms, from microscopic bacteria to large mammals, and
encompasses various ecosystems like forests, deserts, oceans, and
grasslands. Life in the biosphere interacts with the other spheres,
influencing the planet's chemistry and climate.

Each of these Earth spheres is interconnected and influences the others.


Scientists study these interactions to better understand the planet's complex
systems and how they are impacted by natural processes and human
activities.

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