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    The Prophets

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    The document summarizes the prophetic books of the Old Testament, including a classification of the major and minor prophets, a brief summary of each prophet's message, and how their predictions relate to historical events such as the exile and the comings of Christ.

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    The Prophets

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    The document summarizes the prophetic books of the Old Testament, including a classification of the major and minor prophets, a brief summary of each prophet's message, and how their predictions relate to historical events such as the exile and the comings of Christ.

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    The document summarizes the prophetic books of the Old Testament, including a classification of the major and minor prophets, a brief summary of each prophet's message, and how their predictions relate to historical events such as the exile and the comings of Christ.

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    The prophets

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    The document summarizes the prophetic books of the Old Testament, including a classification of the major and minor prophets, a brief summary of each prophet's message, and how their predictions relate to historical events such as the exile and the comings of Christ.

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    The Prophets

    Uploaded by

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    The document summarizes the prophetic books of the Old Testament, including a classification of the major and minor prophets, a brief summary of each prophet's message, and how their predictions relate to historical events such as the exile and the comings of Christ.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 8

    THE PROPHETS

    The historical books of the Old Testament, Genesis through Esther, contain the story of the rise
    and decline of the Hebrew nation.

    The poetic books, Job to Song of Solomon, belong broadly to the Golden Age of the Hebrew
    nation.

    The prophetic books, Isaiah through Malachi, correspond to the days of the decline of the
    Hebrew nation.

    There are 17 prophetic books; only 16 prophets, since Jeremiah wrote two books; he who bears
    his name, and Lamentations.

    These books are commonly divided into "Major Prophets" and "Minor Prophets," as follows:

    Major Prophets: Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel and Daniel.


    Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk,
    Minor Prophets:
    Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi.

    Classifications

    This classification is based on the size of the books. Any of the three books Isaiah, Jeremiah or
    Ezekiel, alone is longer than all twelve minor prophets combined. Daniel contains almost as
    much as the two longest of the Minor Prophets, Hosea and Zechariah.

    Chronological Classification:

     13 of the Prophets were related to the destruction of the Hebrew nation; 3, with its
    restoration.
     The destruction of the nation took place in two stages.
     The Northern Kingdom fell in 734-721 BC Before and during this period they were: Joel,
    Jonah, Amos. Hosea, Isaiah and Micah.
     The southern kingdom fell in 606-586 BC From this period were: Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel,
    Obadiah, Nahum, Habakkuk and Zephaniah.
     The restoration of the nation was in 536-444 BC Related to this period are: Haggai,
    Zechariah and Malachi.
    Classified according to their messages:

    Even though they included more far-reaching messages, they mainly directed as follows:

     To Israel: Amos, Hosea.


     To Nineveh: Jonah, Nahum.
     To Babylon: Daniel.
     To the captives in Babylon: Ezekiel.
     To Edom: Obadiah.
     To Judah: Joel, Isaiah, Micah, Jeremiah, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi.

    Every reader of the Bible must memorize the names of these prophets, so that he can easily
    refer to any of the books.

    The historical event


    What the work of the prophets evoked was the apostasy of the ten tribes at the end of
    Solomon's reign (Read 1 Kings 12). As a political measure to keep the two kingdoms apart, the
    northern kingdom adopted the worship of a calf, the religion of Egypt, as its national religion.
    Shortly afterward he added the cult of Baal, which also managed to infiltrate the southern
    kingdom. It is in this crisis, when the people of God abandoned him and gave themselves over to
    the idolatry of the neighboring nations, and the name of God disappeared from the minds of
    men and his plans for the redemption of the world seemed to fail, that the prophets appeared. .

    Prophets and Priests .


    The priests were the regular religious teachers of the nation. They formed a hereditary class,
    and were often the most evil in the nation. But with everything, they were the teachers of
    religion. Instead of crying out against sins, they fell into them and became leaders of iniquity.
    The prophets were not a hereditary class. Each received a direct calling from God. They were
    called from different elements. Jeremiah and Ezekiel were priests; perhaps also Zechariah.
    Isaiah, Daniel and Zephaniah were of royal blood. Amos was a shepherd. We don't know what
    the others were.

    Mission and Message of the prophets


    1. Try to save the nation from its idolatry and evil.
    2. Failing at this; announce that the nation would be destroyed.
    3. But not completely destroyed; a remnant would be saved.
    4. From among this remnant would come an influence that would spread throughout the
    earth and bring Jehovah to all nations.
    5. This influence would be found in a great man who would one day rise in David's family. The
    prophets called him "the Branch." The family of David, once the most powerful in the
    world, in the days of the prophets cut down and overthrown until it ruled a small kingdom,
    despised and about to disappear, a family of kings without a kingdom, was not to perish. It
    had to sprout. From the family throne a offspring would be born, a sprout so large that it
    would be in a special sense "the Branch."
    This period of the prophets
    It covered more or less 400 years, 800-400 BC The central event of the period was the
    destruction of Jerusalem, chronologically roughly in the middle of the period. With this event, in
    one way or another, seven of the prophets were related in fact or chronologically: Jeremiah,
    Ezekiel, Daniel, Obadiah, Nahum, Habakkuk and Zephaniah. The period of the fall of Jerusalem
    was the time of greatest prophetic activity, either to try to avoid it or to explain it. Although God
    Himself dealt with the destruction of Jerusalem, humanly speaking, He did everything He could
    to prevent it. It seems as if God would rather have some institution that represented the idea of
    God in the world, even if that institution were corroded through and through with sin and evil,
    than to have nothing. In any case, God sent a brilliant array of prophets in an effort to save
    Jerusalem.

    Without having been able to save the "holy city" due to its lack of holiness, the prophets burn
    with divine explanations and assurances that the fall of the chosen nation does not mean the
    end of God's plans; that after a time of punishment there would be a restoration, and for God's
    people, a glorious future.

    The Social Message of the prophets.


    Many modern books about the prophets place great emphasis on their social message, their
    denunciation of political corruption, oppression, and the moral rot of the nation. However, what
    worried the prophets most was the idolatry of the nation; that the nation was wrong in its
    concept of God. It is surprising how far modern writers overlook this, especially in view of the
    universally recognized truth that the social life of a nation is a direct product of its relationship
    with God.

    The Prophetic Element.


    "Modern scholarship" tends to belittle the prophetic aspect of the Bible. But the Bible does
    predict. The most persistent thought in the entire OT It is this: that Jehovah, God of the Hebrew
    nation, will become God of all nations. Successive generations of OT writers They move from the
    general to the particular to describe and detail the way in which this will be done.

    And in the Prophets, even though they themselves have not understood the full meaning of
    some of their words, and even though some of their predictions are veiled by the mists of the
    historical events of their own times; Yet the entire history of Christ and the spread of
    Christianity upon the earth is drawn beforehand, in outline and in detail, in language that
    cannot refer to anything else.
    The Message of Each Prophet, in a single sentence:

    Joel: Vision of the Gospel Age; Jehovah's harvest among the nations

    Jonas: Glimpse of the interest of the Jehovah of Israel in the enemies of Israel.

    Amos: The House of David, now rejected by Israel, will one day rule the earth.

    Hosea: Jehovah, rejected by Israel, will one day be God of all nations.

    Isaiah: God has a remnant, for which there is a glorious future.

    The Coming Prince of Bethlehem, and his glorious reign.


    Micah:

    Nahum: The imminent judgment of Nineveh, and its fading away.

    Zephaniah: The advent of a new revelation, under a new name.

    Jeremiah: The sin, destruction, and future glory of Jerusalem.

    Ezequiel: The fall of Jerusalem, its restoration, and its glorious future.

    Obadiah: Because of its enmity against the people of God, Edom will completely perish

    Daniel: The Four Kingdoms, and the universal and eternal reign of God,

    Habakkuk: The assurance of the final triumph of Jehovah's people

    Haggai: The second temple, and the great Future Temple.

    Zechariah: The coming King, his house, and his reign of glory.

    Malachi: Last message to the disobedient Messianic Nation.


    The Prophets and the Exile

    Prophets before the Exile Prophets in the Babylonian exile Prophets after exile
    ➡ ⬇ ➡

    To Israel To Jews TO THE REMAINDER


     Amos
     Hosea  Daniel  Haggai
     Ezequiel  Zechariah
     Malachi
    To Judah
     Joel
     Micah
     Isaiah
     Habakkuk
     Zephaniah
     Jeremiah

    To Nineveh
     Jonah
     Nahum

    To Edom
     Obadiah

    The prophetic points of history

    Epoch Captivity First Second New Sky


    of the and Coming of Coming of and
    Prophet Restoration Jesus Christ Jesus Christ New earth

     When talking about Biblical prophecy, the prophet focuses on these events, one of
    them, or several at a time.
     For the accurate Interpretation of the prophecy one has to see which of the points the
    prophet is referring to.
     Regarding the comings of Jesus Christ, it is important to determine whether he is talking
    about the first or the second coming.
    Historical Background and Approximate Dates of the Prophets
    Division of the Kingdom, 933 BC

    ISRAEL JUDAH PROPHETS

    Jeroboam 933-911 Rehoboam 933-916


    Nadab 911-910 Abijah 915-913
    Baasa 910-887 Handle 912-872

    Emergence of Assyria as a world power around 900 BC

    Ella 887-886
    Zimri 886
    Omri 886-875
    Ahab 875-854 Jehoshaphat 874-850 Elijah 875-850
    Ahaziah 855-854 Joram 850-843 Elisha 850-800
    Joram 854-843 Ahaziah 843
    Jehu 843-816 Atalia 843-837

    "The Lord began to carve Israel" 2 Kings 10:32

    Joacaz 820-804 Joash 843-803 Joel (?) 840-830


    Joash 806-790 Amaziah 803-775 Jonah 790-770
    Jeroboam II 790-749 Uzziah 787-735 Amos 780-740
    Zechariah 748 Jotham 749-734 Hosea 760-720
    Salum 748 Isaiah 745-695
    Manahem 748-738
    Pekaía 738-736
    Peka 748-730 Micah 740-700

    Fall of Northern Israel 734 BC

    Hosea 730-721 Hezekiah 726-697

    Fall of the North, 721 BC


    Manasseh 697-642
    Amun 641-640
    Josiah 639-608 Zephaniah 639-608
    Joacaz 608 Nahum 630-610
    Joacim 608-597 Jeremiah 626-586

    Fall of Assyria, 607 BC Rise of Babylon

    Joaquin 597 Habakkuk 606-586


    Sedecias 597-586 Obadiah 586

    Jerusalem taken and burned, 606-586 The Captivity, 606-536

    Daniel 606-534
    Ezekiel 592-570

    Fall of Babylon, 530 BC Rise of Persia Return from Captivity 536 BC

    Joshua 536-516 Haggai 520-516


    Zerubbabel 536-516 Zechariah 520-516

    Destruction of the Temple 520-516

    Ezra 457-430
    Nehemiah 444-432 Malachi 450-400

    Key verses in the prophetic books


    Books Reference Topic or Message

    Isaiah 55:6-7 Seek the Lord


    Jeremiah 31:31-33 The new covenant
    Wailing 3:22-23 God's faithfulness
    Ezequiel 36:22-23 The holiness of God
    Daniel 4:34-35 The sovereignty of God
    Hosea 10:1-2 Israel's infidelity
    Joel 2:28-32 The Lord's Day
    Amos 5:14-15 A call to return
    Obadiah v. 15 God's judgment on the nations
    Jonah 3:10 God's mercy
    Micah 3:8-12 The role of the prophet
    Nahum 1:15 The future liberation
    Habakkuk 3:16-18 Submission to God's plan and timing
    Zephaniah 3:11-13 Restoration of the Remnant
    Haggai 1:8 The reconstruction of the temple
    Zechariah 1:14-17 God's continuing interest in Jerusalem
    Malachi 3:1-3 The purification to come

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