MAYA CITY ADMINISTRATION EDUCATION

GRADE 12TH BIOLOGY MODEL EXAMINATION

SENE 2015/JUNE 2023

BOOKLET CODE: 041 SUBJECT CODE: 06

Number of items: 100 Time Allowed: 2Hours

By;
BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY
SECONDARY MODEL SCHOOL IN COLLABORATION WITH MAYA
CITY SECONDARY SCHOOL

GENERAL INSTRUCTION:
THIS BOKLET CONTAIN BIOLOGY MODEL EXAM. IN THIS EXAMINATION, THERE
ARE A TOTAL OF 100 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS. CAREFULLY SELECT THE
BEST ANSWER AND BLACKEN ONLY THE LETTER OF YOUR CHOICE ON THE
SEPARATE ANSWER SHEET PROVIDED. FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTION ON THE
ANSWER SHEET AND THE EXAMINATION PAPER CAREFULLY. USE ONLY PENCIL
TO MARK YOUR ANSWER. YOUR ANSWER MARK SHOULD BE HEAVY AND DARK,
COVERING THE ANSWER SPACE COMPLETELY.

PLEASE ERASE ALL UNNECESSARY MARKS COMPLETELY FROM YOUR ANSWER

SHEET. YOU ARE ALLOWED TO WORK ON THE EXAM FOR 2 HOURS. WHEN TIME
IS CALLED, YOU MUST IMMEDIATELY STOP WORKING, PUT YOUR PENCIL
DOWN, AND WAIT FOR FUTURE INSTRUCTIONS. ANY FORM OF CHEATING OR AN
ATTEMPT TO CHEAT IN THE EXAMINATION WILL RESULT IN AN AUTOMATIC
DISMISSAL FROM THE EXAMINATION HALL AND CANCELLATION OF YOUR
SCORE. PLEASE MAKE SURE THAT YOU WRITTEN ALL THE REQUIRED
INFORMATION ON THE ANSWER SHEET BEFORE YOU START TO WORK ON THE
EXAMINATION.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE OVER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

NB: - DON’T FORGET WRITING YOUR BOKLET CODE ON THE

ANSWER SHEET UNLESS YOUR RESULT IS INVALID!!!
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DIRECTIONS:-THIS PAPER CONTAINS BIOLOGY EXAMINATION FOR GRADE 12.

THE EXAMINATION CONTAINS 100 ITEMS AND THERE IS ONLY ONE BEST
ANSWER FOR EACH ITEM. CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER FROM THE SUGGESTED
OPTIONS AND WRITE THE LETTER OF YOUR CHOICE ON THE ANSWER SHEET.

1. Which one of the following is used as an input to formulate a hypothesis about the particular
observed problem?
A. Testing the educated guess
B. Gathering information from scientific magazine
C. Collecting evidence experiment
D. Making prediction
2. A grade 12 students hypothesized that high concentration of copper dissolved in the water in
the soil seriously affects the growth rate of plants. To test his hypothesis, he assigned plants as
group ‘A’ and group ‘B’. Group ‘A’ plants were given different concentration of copper and
group ‘B’ plants were given moderate amount of copper. Each group has the same amount of
soil, water, temperature and number of seeds. In this experiments, the number of seeds assigned
in the experimental group is:
A. Dependent variable C. Confounding variable
B. Controlled variable D. Manipulated variable
3. A grade 12 student wants to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS within his community. Which of
the following activities will helps him to minimize the spread of the disease?
A. Mobilizing the community to reduce environmental pollution
B. Producing posters and leaflets that create awareness about the disease
C. Creating awareness within the community to take vaccination
D. Mobilizing the community to keep personal hygiene
4. In which of the following are all the tools mainly used in the laboratory rather than in field
situation?
A. Centrifuges, microscopes, measuring cylinders, petri dishes
B. Flow meters, centrifuges, theodolites, microscopes
C. Centrifuges, plant presses, flow meters, microscopes
D. Theodolites, petri dishes, GPS receivers, measuring cylinders
5. In what way does an antiretroviral drug help AIDS patients? It
A. Stops the multiplication of HIV C. Stimulates multiplication of T-helper cells
B. Kills opportunistic infectious agents D. Provides immunity
6. One benefit of ice being less dense than liquid water is:
A. Water freezes from the top down and water is insulated under the ice
B. Water freezes from the top down and the water under the ice is cooled more quickly
C. Water freezes from the bottom up and the remaining water cools more slowly
D. Water freezes from the bottom up and the remaining water cools more quickly
7. Which of the following group of monosaccharaides are all ketose?
A. Dihydroxy acetone, Fructose and Ribose C. Glyceraldehyde, Ribose and Glucose
B. Dihydroxy acetone, Ribulose and Fructose D. Glyceraldehyde, Ribulose and Glucose

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8. A young man had unprotected sex with a lady. As a result, after several days he started feeling
burning during urination and a yellowish-white discharge from his penis. What is the disease he
contracted?
A. Syphilis C. Typhoid fever
B. Chancroid D. Gonorrhoea
9. Polymers of polysaccharides, fats, and proteins are all synthesized from monomers by which process?
A. Connecting monosaccharides together (condensation reactions)
B. The addition of water to each monomer (hydrolysis)
C. The removal of water (dehydration reactions)
D. Ionic bonding of the monomers
10. A student carried out four biochemical tests to investigate the composition of onion, biscuit,
potato and banana. The results are shown in the table below. A ‘√ ‘indicates a positive result
and a ‘✗’ indicates a negative result.
Test Onion Biscuit Potato Banana
Add iodine solution ✗ √ √ √
Boil with Benedict’s solution √ ✗ ✗ √
Ethanol emulsion test ✗ √ ✗ ✗
Add Biuret reagent ✗ √ √ ✗
Which food contained starch, lipid and protein?
A. Onion C. Potato
B. Biscuit D. Banana
11. Which one of the following is not true about why starch became a preferable form of storage
carbohydrate in plants?
A. Because of the branched nature of its component, it cannot be easily hydrolysed.
B. It is insoluble in water & cannot affect the water balance of a cell
C. It is a compact molecule & many α-glucose molecules can be stored in small space
D. Since it is insoluble in water, the molecules cannot move out of the cell, that means
it remain in the storage organs.
12. Which one of the following statements best describes an induced fit-model?
A. An active site alters shape such that it is ready to accept a substrate.
B. A substrate adopts the correct binding conformation before entering an active site.
C. A substrate binds to an active site and alters the shape of the active site.
D. An active site alters the shape of the substrate such that it can adopt the necessary
active conformation for binding.
13. Which one is correctly deals with nomenclature of enzyme?
A. Most commonly enzymes are named by adding ‘ase’ to the active site.
B. Sometimes enzymes are named by adding ‘ase’ to part of the name of the substrate.
C. Most commonly enzymes are named by adding ‘ase’ to substrate.
D. Sometimes enzymes are named based on the reaction they catalyse, Such as Papayin.

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14. The industrial use of enzyme is helpful for the environment as it contributes to reduction of
CO2 emission. In which of the following is there more mass of CO2 emissions saved per ton of
products by using enzyme technology rather than traditional methods?
A. Bread making C. Paper making
B. Manufacture of cosmetics D. Cheese making
15. Read the given statements and select the correct option.
Statement 1: Coenzyme bind with Co-factors to give catalytic activity
Statement 2: Apoenzyme bind with enzymes to give catalytic activity
Statement 3: Coenzyme bind with enzymes to give catalytic activity
Statement 4: High temperature preserves the enzymes in their inactive state.
A. All statements are correct.
B. Only Statement 3 is correct.
C. Statement 1 and 2 are incorrect but statement 3 and 4 are correct.
D. All statements are incorrect.
16. If other conditions were to remain constant, which one of the following changes would
explain a reduced rate of activity in an enzyme – controlled reaction? Increase in
A. Concentration of end product C. Enzyme concentration
B. Substrate concentration D. Temperature towards the optimum
17. Which one of the following enzymes requires Zinc ions (Zn++) for its catalytic activity?
A. Cytochrome oxidase C. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
B. Carbonic anhydrase D. Flavin adenine dinucleotide
18. All of the following explains why so many Arctic mammals, such as seals, walruses, whales
and polar bears, are relatively large in body size? Because to
A. Thin fur and big ears C. Decrease their surface area to volume ratio
B. Survive in hot and dry condition D. Thin layer of fat that builds up under the skin
19. A person has a genetic disease that prevents the phospholipids in the plasma membrane of
the white blood cells from freely fusing with the other membranes within the cell. How would
this disease affect phagocytosis?
A. Lysosomes would not be formed.
B. Facilitated diffusion would not occur.
C. Lysosomes would be formed lacking hydrolytic enzymes.
D. The phagocytic vacuole would not fuse with the lysosome.
20. Suppose your teacher allowed you to separate one specific organelle from a sample of animal
tissue, you have placed a sample of tissue in cold, isotonic buffer solution prior to centrifugation.
What is the purpose of buffer solution?
A. To reduce the activity of enzymes that breakdown organelles
B. To prevent water moving into organelles via osmosis
C. To prevent organelles proteins from becoming denatured
D. To prevent water moving into via osmosis

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21. According to fluid mosaic model, cell membranes are semi-fluid, where lipids and integral
proteins are diffuse randomly. In recent years, this model has been modified. In this regard,
which of the following statements is incorrect?
A. Proteins can travel within the lipid bilayer
B. Proteins can remain confined within certain domains of membrane
C. Proteins can also undergo flip-flop movements in lipid bilayer
D. Many proteins remain completely embedded within liquid bilayer
22. Which of the following happens if a nucleolus is missing in a cell?
A. Nuclear pores will be blocked
B. Endoplasmic reticulum will be unfolded
C. DNA synthesis will be enhanced
D. Ribosomal functions will be disrupted
23. Suppose a cell was kept in a solution of unknown concentration and found to have lost its
water content after an hour. Which of the following is correct explanation about the solution and the cell?
A. Cell is hypertonic to the solution C. The cell is isotonic to solution
B. Solution is hypotonic to the cell D. Solution is hypertonic to the cell
24. How does surface area to volume ratio limit cell size?
A. The bigger cell gets, the less surface area to meet the demand of the cell’s volume
B. As a cell decrease in size, the more difficulty taking in sufficient nutrients
C. The smaller cells gets, the large volume to carried out more metabolic activities
D. As a cell increase in size, the ability of a cell to exchange substances with its
environment increases
25. Carl Linnaeus developed a binomial classification system for living things. Why is this
contribution important?
Kingdom
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

A. Because it created new species for identification

B. Because it created specific scientific names for living things
C. Because it created the taxonomy system as it is known today
D. Because it created common names for species with existing scientific names
26. When cells are damaged, new cells are created by cell division. How does the cell theory
support this fact?
A. It states that all cells have a nucleus which divides.
B. It states that all living things are made up of one or more cells.
C. It states that cells come from previously existing cells
D. It states that the basic units of structure and function are cells.

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27. Identity the incorrect statement regarding glycolysis metabolic pathway?

A. Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria
B. Glycolysis is the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration
C. It ends up with production of 2 ATP (net), 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate
D. It can occur independent of the presence of oxygen.
28. Lactic acid fermentation is a metabolic process by which glucose is converted into cellular
energy and metabolic lactate. When human aerobically respire, where is lactic acid converted
back to pyruvic acid and then to glucose?
A. Muscle C. Liver
B. Mitochondria D. Cytoplasm
29. If a disease strikes the snake population in the food chain shown, what will happen to the
populations of hawks? ___

A. The population of hawks would decrease

B. The population of hawks would increase
C. The population of hawks would stay the same.
D. Both primary and tertiary consumers rapidly decrease
30. Which one of the following options represents the correct catabolic pathways of the given
respiratory substrates that was takes place in the Krebs cycle?
A. Polysaccharides – glucose – pyruvate – acetyl COA – TCA – CO2
B. Protein – amino acid – pyruvate – acetyl COA – CO2
C. Lipid – glycerol – acetyl COA – pyruvate – TCA – CO2
D. Nucleic acid - nucleotides – TCA – pyruvate – acetyl COA
31. The leaves of C3 plants in the tropics close their stomata to minimize water loss. As a result
concentration of carbon dioxide in the leaves falls. When the C3 plants faces such problem
Ribulose bisphosphate react with oxygen to produce.
A. Triose phosphate and sugar in the mitochondria
B. Oxaloacetate and water in the peroxisome
C. Hydrogen peroxide and CO2 in the mitochondria
D. Glycerate phosphate and phosphoglycolate in the chloroplast
32. The biochemical mechanism by which chlorophyll absorbs light energy is efficient because
A. The molecules of the photosystems and the electron transport chains are fixed in the
membranes of the thylakoids.
B. The molecules of the photosystems and the electron transport chains are floating
around in a solution.
C. Different pigment molecules in the antenna complex can absorb the same
wavelengths of light
D. The same pigment molecules in the antenna complex can absorb different
wavelengths of light

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33. The following statements describe which phylum of animals?

They have narrow, thread-like bodies that are not segmented, pointed at both ends, bilaterally
symmetrical and round in cross-section. They have no circulatory system but they do have a
complete digestive system with both mouth and anus.
A. Mollusca C. Annelida
B. Echinodermata D. Nematoda
34. The synthesis of one molecule of glucose during Calvin cycle requires
A. 6 molecules of ATP and 12 molecules of NADPH2
B. 12 molecules each of ATP and NADPH2
C. 12 molecules of ATP and 18 molecules of NADPH2
D. 18 molecules of ATP and 12 molecules of NADPH2
35. The crop plants that are grown in Ethiopia (such as sorghum and wheat) are all C4 plants
and are well adapted to photosynthesize efficiently in the hot bright days found in this country
but crop plants that are grown in temperate areas (such as peas and carrots) would not
photosynthesize as efficiently because they are C3 plants. In which of the following features
does those plants are similar? The
A. Presence of chloroplast in the bundle sheath cells
B. Cells where carbon dioxide fixation takes place
C. Enzymes used to fix carbon dioxide
D. Cells where the Calvin cycle takes place
36. Which stages of cellular respiration is correctly paired with its sites?
A. Chemiosmosis – outer membrane C. Krebs cycle – matrix
B. Glycolysis – cristae D. Pyruvate oxidation – cytoplasm
37. Which one of the following is the primary function of light dependent reaction of
photosynthesis?
A. Split water molecule and release oxygen
B. Regenerate ADP and NADP+
C. Synthesize simple sugar from CO2
D. Generate ATP and NADPH
38. Why gram positive bacteria retain the blue or purple colour of crystal violet in the gram stain
after washing with Decolorization reagent (alcohol)? Because they:
A. Have a very thick and rigid peptidoglycan in their cell wall
B. Have much less peptidoglycan in their cell wall
C. Have lipopolysaccharides on their outer membrane
D. Have endotoxin as structural component of cell
39. One of the following Robert Koch postulate establishes the link between the microorganism
and the disease:
A. The microorganism can be isolated from an infected person & then grow in culture
B. Introducing such cultured microorganisms in to a healthy host should result in the
disease developing
C. The microorganism must always be present when the disease is present
D. It is possible to isolate the microorganism from a pure culture

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40. All of the following events occur after the HIV has bound to the CD4 receptors on the surface
of the T-helper cell except one?
A. It fuses with the plasma membrane and then releases its RNA
B. The reverse transcriptase converts the RNA into DNA using building blocks called
nucleotides, which are provided by the cell.
C. The viral DNA becomes incorporated into the cell’s own DNA.
D. The viral DNA is transcribed to viral RNA, which is unable to producing viral protein
41. Professor Yalemtsehay Mekonen is a renowned Ethiopian Biologist known for her
contribution on
A. Preservation of different traditional crop varieties
B. The discovery of endod as a control for schistosomiasis
C. The development of hybrid sorghum which is resistant to drought
D. Assessment of the impact of chemical pesticide hazards on humans
42. Which of the following human diseases is NOT correctly matched with its mode of
transmission?
A. Malaria – vector C. Sleeping sickness – physical contact
B. Cholera – contaminated water D. Influenza – droplet infection
43. What is an important reason for the conservation of natural resources?
A. Disturb the ecological balance
B. Preserve the biological diversity
C. Disruption of quality of the environment
D. Hampering the biological species
44. Answer this question based on the following steps of the nitrogen cycle.

The bacteria that are represented by the letter E, N, Y, and Z are respectively,
A. Klebsiella, Nitrobacter, Pseudomonas and Rhizobium
B. Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas
C. Azotobacter, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter and Pseudomonas
D. Thiobacillus, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter and Pseudomonas
45. Which one of the following false about the essence of ecological succession?
A. They change the abiotic conditions in the area
B. The new species compete with the one there before & become dominant
C. Change the abiotic conditions more species leave
D. Organisms colonize an area

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46. Why is nutrient recycling important in an environment? Because

A. It adds new types of molecules into the environment.
B. The amount of nutrients in the environment is limited.
C. Nutrients should be exchanged between the earth and other planets.
D. Nutrients in an environment will be depleted if recycled
47. This item is based on the table below which shows an 'invented ecosystems
Number of organisms of each species
Species Area 1 Area 2 Area 3
A 86 16 23
B 5 17 25
C 2 16 27
D 3 17 5
E 1 17 12
F 3 17 8
In which area of the above table does only one species is successful and dominates the area?
A. Area l C. Area 1 and 3
B. Area 2 D Area 1 and 2
48. Which one of the following statement is correct about the stages of population growth rate
curve?
A. Toxic excretory products accumulate in log phase
B. Organisms adapted to the environment in lag phase
C. Natality exceeds mortality in stationary phase
D. Nutrient exhausted in the decline phase
49. Intra-specific competition is:
A. Competition between members of different species in the same habitat
B. Competition between members of the same species in the same habitat
C. Competition between members of the same species in the same ecosystem
D. Competition between members of different species in the same ecosystem
50. If colour blindness is sex linked and a colour-blind man marries the daughter of a colour-
blind person, which of the following is their progeny?
A. None of her daughter are colour-blind
B. All her sons are colour-blind
C. All her daughters are colour-blind
D. Half of her sons are colour-blind
51. Protein synthesis refers to the
A. Process of formation of amino acids from mRNA
B. Process of formation of amino acids directly from a DNA template
C. Process of formation of mRNA from DNA template
D. Process of duplicating DNA required for protein synthesis

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52. In Mendel's F2 generation, one out of four plants had white flowers because
A. One parent was homozygous dominant
B. Both parents were heterozygous purple
C. One parent was homozygous recessive
D. Both parents were heterozygous white
53. The following diagram shows a fragment of transcribed DNA and the upper strand is the
sense strand.
5´ ATTGCC 3´
3´ TAACGG 5´
The transcribed mRNA can be represented by:
A. 3´ UAACGG 5´ C. 5´ TAACGG 3´
B. 5´ AUUGCC 3´ D. 5´ GGCAAU 3´
54. The replacement glutamic acid by valine at specific position in the beta chain of hemoglobin
leads to sickle cell anemia. This change represents which of the following mutational events?
A. DNA base pair addition C. DNA base pair substitution
B. DNA base pair deletion D. Chromosomal deletion
55. There are 64 codons and 20 amino acids. Which of the following is true?
A. Several different codons can specify the same amino acid.
B. Each codon specifies a different amino acid.
C. Some amino acids have no link to a codon.
D. Each amino acid is specified by only one codon
56. How does cacti adapt to the desert environment? By
A. Spreading its seeds as far as possible
B. Avoiding spines from its leaves
C. Increasing the number of stomata
D. Reducing the surface area of its leaves
57. Which of the following bases are the triplets of codes in the mRNA that ceases translation
and the ribosome folds the polypeptide into its final structure?
A. TAA, TAG and TGA
B. UAA, UAG and UGA
C. CCC, UUA and GUU
D. ATT, ATC and ACT
58. How does crossing over during meiosis bring variation in species? By
A. Combination of genes in the gametes that are not found in either parent
B. Increasing the amount of genes in one or the parents during meiosis
C. Creating genes that are not found in both parents due to meiosis
D. Combining sex and somatic cell chromosomes
59. When DNA replication starts,
A. The phosphodiester bonds between the adjacent nucleotides break
B. The bonds between the nitrogen base and deoxyribose sugar break
C. The leading strand produces Okazaki fragments
D. The hydrogen bonds between the nucleotides of two strand break

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60. Which type of creationism accepts the Big Bang as the origin of the Universe and the fossil
record of a series of creations for all of the organisms catalogued. However, it does not accept
these as part of a continuing process; each is seen as a unique creation.
A. Theistic evolution/Evolutionary creationism
B. Day-age and gap creationism
C. Progressive creationism
D. Intelligent design
61. Scientist is studying the classification of three species of birds, labeled Bird A, Bird B, and
Bird C. According to a field guide on birds, Birds A and B are very closely related, while Bird
C is a more distant relative. However, the scientist concludes that the field guide is wrong, and
that Birds A and C are the closest pair of relatives. Which finding would provide the strongest
evidence in support of the scientist's conclusion?
A. Birds A and C share less genetically derived characters with one another than with Bird B.
B. Birds A and C share more genetically derived characters with one another than with Bird B.
C. Birds A and B share more genetically derived characters with one another than with Bird C.
D. Birds A and B share less genetically derived characters with one another than with Bird C.
62. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the structural similarities observed
between the flippers of whales and the arms of humans accordingly on the Homologous structures?
A. The human species began life in the ocean
B. The human species and whales share a common ancestry
C. Whales are older than the human species
D. Whales have evolved from early humans that went back to the ocean
63. On which of the following points do Lamarck’s and Darwin’s theories of evolution agree?
A. Evolution produce new species C. All living things tend to over reproduce
B. Evolution occurs by natural selection D. New structures arise by use and disuse
64. What is the significance of Ardipithecus ramidus in the study of human evolution? To confirm
A. Common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees cannot have resembled a chimpanzee.
B. Evolution of bipedalism before big brains
C. True common ancestor of Humans and chimpanzees
D. Divergent evolution of Homo erectus from Homo hablis
65. Thicker fur (longer hair) in foxes is an advantage in a cold climate. Thinner fur in foxes is
an advantage in a hot climate. If the environment were to change so that it became significantly
colder, or a group of the foxes were to establish a population in a new, colder environment, there
would be a selection pressure in favour of the foxes with long fur and against those with short
fur. Which types of selection has been operated in this scenario?
A. Stabilizing C. Behavioral
B. Disruptive D. Directional
66. Which one of the following can best explain behavior? It is
A. The tendency for parts of plants to grow towards light.
B. The coordinated response of an organism to an internal or external stimuli.
C. A cell or group of cells that receives and processes stimuli.
D. The actions or reactions of a person or animal in response to external or internal stimuli

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67. One of the following is true about a behaviour that has a fixed action pattern?
A. It is a learned behaviour
B. It is always done in the same way
C. It can be perfected through experience
D. It does not need a stimulus to trigger it
68. One of the following is NOT true about operant conditioning?
A. It is based on innate behaviour
B. It is based on reward and punishment
C. It is concerned with learnt behaviour
D. It is based on consequences of actions
69. Consider the following statements.
I. Maggots moving into a more humid environment
II. Geese moving eggs that have rolled out of the nest back to the nest
III. Courtship behaviour is an activity that precedes and results in mating and reproduction.
IV. Process which results in a decreased response to a stimulus after repeated exposure to that
stimulus over a period of time.
V. Learning happens when the brain acquires knowledge at a certain time, without
reinforcement, but does not use it until later, at a time when that knowledge is needed.
VI. When Sultan the chimpanzee solved the problem of reaching a banana with two bamboo canes
Which numbers describe innate and learned behaviors respectively?
A. II, III, VI and I, IV, V C. IV, V, VI and I, II, III
B. I, II, III and IV, V, VI D. I, II, VI and III, IV, V
70. All of the following describes the roles of a worker bee at different stages of development
except one?
A. Receive food from incoming foragers
B. Clean out dirty honeycomb
C. To secretes powerful pheromones
D. Forage for nectar, pollen, water
71. Pasteurization is technique widely used to treat milk, beer and other foodstuffs and make
them safe to take into your body but it’s not strictly speaking a method of sterilisation, because it
A. Does not kill all the micro-organisms in the food.
B. Uses mild temperature to kill any micro-organisms present
C. Is conducted in containers that are not properly sealed
D. Reduces the nutritional content of the food
72. During baking of injera, the carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by the yeast is used to
A. Kill contaminants that spoil injera C. Bake injera with low temperature
B. Gives injera its typical texture D. Increase the shelf life of injera
73. What is the importance of a vaccine? It
A. Inhibits movement of viruses
B. Kills disease causing agents
C. Facilitates cell division
D. Triggers the immune system

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74. What will happen if the water content of the blood is too low?
A. The second coiled tubule of the kidney becomes less permeable
B. Antidiuretic hormone secretion decrease
C. The kidney tubules reabsorb less water and more urine produced
D. The kidney tubules reabsorb more water and more urine produced
75. Astigmatism is one of the common eye defects which is caused by
A. Lens that is too weak and flat while ciliary muscles contracted
B. The egg-shaped eye instead of round shape
C. Regular shape of the eye becomes more rounded
D. Lens that is to strong and curved while ciliary muscles relaxed
76. Which of the following behavioral adaptations is used by a poikilothermic organism when
it gets too cold? It
A. Move into water or mud
B. Erect special sails or areas of skin which will allow them to release more heat
C. Erect special sails or areas of skin which will allow them to absorb more heat from the sun
D. Press their bodies close to a cold area
77. Which one of the following statements is correct about the reflex arc? It is
A. Flow of impulse from the spinal cord to the brain and back to sense organs
B. Flow of information from receptors to the spinal cord and to the effectors
C. Unidirectional flow of information from receptors to spinal cord
D. Flow of impulse from the sensory neuron to the brain and spinal cord
78. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that provides for communication between muscles and
nerves. When there is a problem with the interaction between acetylcholine and the
acetylcholine receptor sites on the muscles, which condition(s) can occur?
A. Botulinus toxin affects the first membrane by releasing acetylcholine chemical to
prevent the transmission of impulses across synapses
B. Curare release acetylcholine chemical across synapses to transmit nerve impulse
C. Strychnine allows the breakdown of acetylcholine and the muscles contract all the
time causing rigid paralysis
D. Botulinus toxin affects the first membrane and stops the release of acetylcholine
chemical to prevent transmission of impulses across synapses
79. This item is based on the following sequence of events that lead to the sensation of body
balance in the inner parts of human ear.
1. Movement of fluid in semicircular canals
2. Nerve impulse created and transmitted to the cerebellum
3. Movement of the head
4. Hairs of sensory cells pressed by tilting of cupula
Which of the following is the correct sequence in the sensation of body position and balance?
A. 3, 4, 2, 1 C. 1, 2, 3, 4
B. 3, 2, 4, 1 D. 3, 1, 4, 2

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80. This item is based on the following diagram of the human eye.

4
3

2 8

1 6

5
During image formation, light is refracted twice before it is focused on the retina. This
phenomena happen at the
A. 2 and 3 C. 3 and 9
B. 1 and 3 D. 4 and 3
81. Which of the following hormone produced by pituitary gland in the body is correctly
matched with its function?
A. Thyroxine -Controls the metabolic rate of the body
B. Glucagon – Prepares the body for stressful situations ‘fight or flight’
C. Anti-diuretic hormone - Stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine
D. Follicle stimulating hormone -Stimulates egg development and oestrogen production
in women and sperm production in men
82. Thanks to _______, we can distinguish sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and umami tastes.
A. Locations on the tongue where each taste is processed
B. A high concentration of salty and sweet receptors
C. The presence of five categories of taste buds
D. Specialized taste receptors
83. Endocrine glands differ from exocrine glands in that:
A. Endocrine glands are ductless and exocrine glands release secretions at the body's
surface or into ducts.
B. Endocrine glands release hormones, whereas exocrine glands release waste.
C. Endocrine glands are formed by epithelial tissue, but exocrine glands are primarily
connective tissue.
D. Endocrine glands are all interconnected; whereas exocrine glands act completely
independently.

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84. The correct sequence in increasing order of effectiveness among the following contraceptive is:
A. Condom, natural method, hormone injection, IUD
B. Hormone implants, IUD, Hormone injection, condom
C. Natural method, condom, Hormone injection, IUD, Surgical
D. IUD, Hormone implants, natural method, Hormone injection
85. In klinostat experiment, rotating the cork with a germinating seed could not stop the root
bending down towards gravity and the shoot bending up against gravity. This shows that
A. Gravity does not have any effect on root and shoot growth
B. Shoots and roots are similarly responsive towards the rotating cork
C. Roots are positively geotropic and shoots are negatively geotropic
D. Shoots are positively geotropic and roots are negatively geotropic
86. Transpiration is very important for plants because it helps in
A. The cooling of leaves at low temperature
B. The removal of water from soil
C. The movement of water and minerals absorbed by roots to various parts of the plant
D. The transportation of products of photosynthesis
87. Which of the following statements is correct about the biotic components of an ecosystem? They
A. Are non-renewable C. Includes only pathogenic microorganisms
B. Are living organisms. D. Includes temperature and rainfall
88. A student carried out an experiment to investigate the conditions necessary for photosynthesis. He
fixed leaf 'A' of a potted plant into a flask containing potassium hydroxide solution. He fixed another leaf
'B' of the plant into a flask containing water and wrapped the flask with a piece of black cloth. The plant
was left in sunlight. After 6 hours he detached and tested both leaves for starch. Which of the following
results most likely the student had found?

A. Starch was found in both leaves A and B

B. Starch was found in leaf A but not in leaf B
C. Starch was found in leaf B but not in leaf A.
D. Starch was not found in any leaves.

(Biology Model Exam For Grade 12th Students) Sene 2015/ June 2023
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89. Which one of the following is INCORRECT during seed germination and regulation of
plant hormone?
A. Cotyledons are carried above ground in epigeal germination
B. Cotyledons are remain below the surface of the soil in hypogeal germination
C. Abscisic acid is responsible for seed germination
D. Bushing of a plant result from decreased production of auxin by side shoots
90. Which of the following is correct about the effect of altitude on breathing rate? At higher
altitude breathing rate
A. Decrease because of the high level of oxygen in the air
B. Increase because of the high level of carbon dioxide in the air
C. Decreases because of the atmospheric pressure
D. Increases because of the low level of oxygen in the air
91. This item is based on the following diagram of mammalian heart

Which of the following statement is correct about "P" and "S"?

A. "P" pumps oxygenated and "S" pumps deoxygenated blood.
B. "S" pumps oxygenated and "P" pumps deoxygenated blood.
C. "P" pumps at higher pressure than "S".
D. They both pump blood to the lung
92. What happens when you breathe in?
A. When you breathe in your diaphragm expands and your ribcage contracts.
B. When you breathe in your diaphragm contracts and your ribcage expands.
C. When you breathe in your diaphragm relax and your ribcage constricts.
D. When you breathe in your diaphragm does not move and your ribcage expands.
93. The biology teacher taught that if we notice the movement of chest while breathing, our
chest broadens and move outwards while we inhale oxygen and it relaxes and move inwards
while we exhale carbon dioxide. Where does this carbon dioxide in our body come from?
A. Carbon dioxide is formed in the body due to the oxidation of food during the process
of Respiration.
B. It is taken in along with the oxygen and then released out as it was.
C. It is present in excess amount in the body by itself
D. It is formed by the breakdown of fats in the body.

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94. This item is based on the following list of groups of animals.

1. Sponges 4. Amphibians
2. Pisces 5. Reptiles
3. Nematodes 6. Annelid
Which of the following groups of animals are classified under phylum chordate?
A. 2, 4, 5 C. 1, 5, 6
B. 1, 2, 5 D. 2, 3, 6
95. The valves of the heart play a significant role to:
A. Transport deoxygenated blood into the lung
B. Transport oxygenated blood in the rest of body
C. Allow the transport of blood in the right direction
D. Supply blood to the cardiac muscle and atrium
96. Consider that you are passing by a garbage disposal area and you immediately cover your
nose. Arrange the events below in a logical order by marking them from 1 to 5 to trace the events
that happen in the nervous system from detection of foul smell (stimulus generation) to covering
your nose (response).
I. At the end of the axon, electrical impulse releases chemicals
II. Stimulus received on the dendritic cells of a neuron sets off chemical reaction that creates
an electrical impulse
III. Electrical impulse transmitted through cell body and axon
IV. The chemicals cross the synapse and reach the next neuron. Similarly, the electrical
impulse crosses several neurons
V. Finally, the impulse is delivered from neuron to the gland that helps in recognition of the
foul smell and muscle cells that help in covering the nose
Which numbers in the above describe the events that happen in the nervous system from
detection of foul smell (stimulus generation) to covering your nose (response) respectively?
A. II, III, IV, I, V C. II, III, I, IV, V
B. II, III, IV, V, I D. II, III, I, V, IV
97. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about blood cells?
A. The body contains at least 500 times more red blood cells than white blood cells.
B. Erythrocytes are a nucleate in mammals.
C. The biconcave shape of the erythrocyte creates a large surface area for gas exchange.
D. Red blood cells are generated by stem cells in the spleen.
98. The digestive system processes food into usable and unusable materials. The usable
materials are sent to the body's cells as food. What happens to unusable materials?
A. It goes into the pancreas to await disposal.
B. It goes to the right ventricle to await disposal.
C. It goes into the large intestine to await disposal.
D. It goes into the small intestine to await disposal.

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99. Digestion takes place in a long tube-like canal called the alimentary canal, or the digestive
tract. Food travels through these organs in the following order:
A. Mouth, gullet, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum
B. Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine and rectum
C. Mouth, stomach, oesophagus, small intestine, large intestine and rectum
D. Mouth, stomach, gullet, small intestine, large intestine and rectum
100. Which of the following is the role of hydrochloric acid secreted by the wall of the stomach?
A. Breaks down carbohydrates into smaller sugar molecules
B. Facilitates the digestion of lipids in the stomach
C. Creates conductive environment for the action of pepsin
D. Controls the action of sphincter muscle at the entrance of stomach

THE END!!!

Try your best!!!

(Biology Model Exam For Grade 12th Students) Sene 2015/ June 2023