ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

CONTENTS
 SYNOPSIS

 INTRODUCTION

 LITERATURE SURVEY

1. Basic pneumatic details

2. Production of compressed air
 COMPONENTS AND DESCRIPTION

 DESIGN AND DRAWINGS

 WORKING PRINCIPLE

 FABRICATION

 BILL OF MATERIALS

 COST ESTIMATION

 PROCESS SHEET

 APPLICATION

 ADVANTAGES

 CONCLUSION

 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 PHOTOGRAPHY
SYNOPSIS
 SYNOPSIS

The aim of our project is to design and fabricate a pneumatically operated

automatic threading device. With this device a number of operations can be
performed. They are as follows:

1. Drilling
2. Screw driving
3. Threading

The working fluid is very light in weight so supply hoses are not heavy.
Because air is compressable, the equipment is less likely to be damaged by
shock. The air in pneumatics absorbs excessive force, whereas the fluid of
hydraulics directly transfers force.

A high pressure compressed air is forced on a fan and the fan is made to
rotate. This rotation is transmitted to the machining head by a shaft and the
required operation is carried out.

Further if a hole is to be drilled in a part in an automobile, the particular

part is to be dismantled from the vehicle. By using this pneumatically operated
device holes can be drilled in the required part with one dismantling it from the
vehicle.
So this pneumatically operated threading device is used for various
operations with a less amount of investment.
INTRODUCTION
 INTRODUCTION

The project work subject is one, in which actually we are leaning the

theoretical concepts in practical way. Also the practical experience is one of the

aims of this subject.

For a developing industry these operating performed and the parts or

components produced should have its minimum possible production cost, then

only the industry runs profitably. There are a number of units having used in

industries for various purposes.

For our thought the various project name are given below.

1. Pedaling sheet meal cutter.

2. Pneumatic multi purpose device.

3. Versa mill.

4. Paint mixer

5. Mechanical Jack.

From the above we selected ‘AUTOMATIC THREADING

MACHINE’. In small scale Industries and automobile maintenance shops,

there are frequent needs of tightening and loosening of screws, Drilling, Boring,

etc. Huge and complicate designed parts can not be machined in ordinary

machines. Further for every operation separate machine is required. This

increases the initial cost required, large area requirements and a large number of

machines are required.

LITERATURE SURVEY
 LITERATURE SURVEY

PNEUMATICS

The word ‘pneuma’ comes from Greek and means breather wind. The

word pneumatics is the study of air movement and its phenomena is derived

from the word pneuma. Today pneumatics is mainly understood to means the

application of air as a working medium in industry especially the driving and

controlling of machines and equipment.

Pneumatics has for some considerable time between used for carrying out

the simplest mechanical tasks in more recent times has played a more important

role in the development of pneumatic technology for automation.

Pneumatic systems operate on a supply of compressed air which must be

made available in sufficient quantity and at a pressure to suit the capacity of the

system. When the pneumatic system is being adopted for the first time, however

it wills indeed the necessary to deal with the question of compressed air supply.

The key part of any facility for supply of compressed air is by means

using reciprocating compressor. A compressor is a machine that takes in air at a

certain pressure and delivered the air at a high pressure.

 Compressor capacity is the actual quantity of air compressed and

delivered and the volume expressed is that of the air at intake conditions namely

at atmosphere pressure and normal ambient temperature.

The compressibility of the air was first investigated by Robert Boyle in

1962 and that found that the product of pressure and volume of a particular

quantity of gas.

The usual written as

PV = C (or) PıVı = P2V2

In this equation the pressure is the absolute pressured which for free is

about 14.7 Psi and is of courage capable of maintaining a column of mercury,

nearly 30 inches high in an ordinary barometer. Any gas can be used in

pneumatic system but air is the mostly used system now a days.

SELECTION OF PNEUMATICS

Mechanization is broadly defined as the replacement of manual effort by

mechanical power. Pneumatic is an attractive medium for low cost

mechanization particularly for sequential (or) repetitive operations. Many

factories and plants already have a compressed air system, which is capable of

providing the power (or) energy requirements and the control system (although

equally pneumatic control systems may be economic and can be advantageously

applied to other forms of power).

 The main advantage of an all pneumatic system are usually economic and

simplicity the latter reducing maintenance to a low level. It can also have out

standing advantages in terms of safety.

PRODUCTION OF COMPRESSED AIR

Pneumatic systems operate on a supply of compressed air, which must be

made available, in sufficient quantity and at a pressure to suit the capacity of the

system. When pneumatic system is being adopted for the first time, however it

wills indeed the necessary to deal with the question of compressed air supply.

The key part of any facility for supply of compressed air is by means

using reciprocating compressor. A compressor is a machine that takes in air at a

certain pressure and delivered the air at a high pressure.

Compressor capacity is the actual quantity of air compressed and

delivered and the volume expressed is that of the air at intake conditions namely

at atmosphere pressure and normal ambient temperature.

Clean condition of the suction air is one of the factors, which decides the

life of a compressor. Warm and moist suction air will result in increased

precipitation of condense from the compressed air. Compressor may be

classified in two general types.

1. Positive displacement compressor.

2. Turbo compressor
 Positive displacement compressors are most frequently employed for

compressed air plant and have proved highly successful and supply air for

pneumatic control application.

The types of positive compressor

1. Reciprocating type compressor

2. Rotary type compressor

Turbo compressors are employed where large capacity of air required at

low discharge pressures. They cannot attain pressure necessary for pneumatic

control application unless built in multistage designs and are seldom

encountered in pneumatic service.

RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS

Built for either stationary (or) portable service the reciprocating

compressor is by far the most common type. Reciprocating compressors lap be

had is sizes from the smallest capacities to deliver more than 500 m³/min. In

single stage compressor, the air pressure may be of 6 bar machines discharge of

pressure is up to 15 bars. Discharge pressure in the range of 250 bars can be

obtained with high pressure reciprocating compressors that of three & four

stages.

Single stage and 1200 stage models are particularly suitable for

pneumatic applications , with preference going to the two stage design as soon

as the discharge pressure exceeds 6 bar , because it in capable of matching the

performance of single stage machine at lower costs per driving powers in the

range .

ULTIMATE AIM

The pneumatic multipurpose machine can be widely used in low cost

automation in manufacturing industries. Working speed is high. The manpower

requirement is reduced also reducing the machining time.

DRILLING MACHINE

Drilling is the process of producing holes in the work piece by using a

rotating cutter called drill bit. The machine used for the drilling is known as
drilling machine. In a drilling machine, holes are produced.

There are many types of drilling machine available in the market for
performing drilling operations.

We designed a drilling machine which will automatically drills the hole

on the work piece after the work piece is clamped in the drill jig, for a preset
depth set by us. Even though this is designed to drill a hole on work piece, it
may perform similar operations like drilling, boring, counter boring, counter
sinking, spot facing, tapping etc.

Here fixing of work piece in the drill jig and removing the work piece is
done manually. Drilling will be done automatically by the drilling machine
with the help of stepper motor.
 There are two motors in the machine one is for rotating the drill bit and
the other is for feeding the drill bit.

We designed a drilling machine, which uses only mechanical principles.

Therefore, it is very easy for maintenance and improves the reliability of the
machine.
COMPONENTS AND
DESCRIPTION
 COMPONENTS AND DESCRIPTION

The pneumatic multi purpose device consists of the following main parts.

1. BARREL:

It is made out of mild steel. It is a hollow cylinder. It has a length of 150

mm and Inner diameter of 76 mm. It has two outlet holes on its top and two

inlet holes drilled at an angle for placing nozzles. It has threads at each end.

2. SHAFT:

It is made up of mild steel. It is a straight rod having a step. It is

supported by two bearings in the cylinder. The diameter of rod is 15 mm for a

length of 150 mm and 13.5mm diameter for 22 mm length. The fan is fitted on

the shaft through flanges. The fan is fixed to flanges and the flanges are fixed

to the shaft through drilled holes.

3. COUPLINGS:

The couplings are made out of mild steel. The couplings cover the sides

of barrel. The couplings have motorised threads. With the help of these threads

the couplings are fitted to barrel. It has a smaller diameter hole to place the

bearings.

4. FLANGES:

The flanges are made out of mild steel. It is a cylindrical tube having a

flange at its one of the ends. It also has a centre drill of 16mm. There are holes
drilled in flanges correspondingly. Such that the holes drilled in two flanges

coincide each other. The fan is placed between the two flanges and screwed.

5. FLUID FAN:

The fan 18 made out of aluminium. It is placed between the flanges,

which are fitted to the shaft through nuts and bolts. Air is forced on the fan and

it is rotated and the rotation is transmitted to the shaft. The fan is twisted such

that it could be driven in either direction.

6. CONTROL UNIT:

The control unit consists of the following parts:-

Gate valve, pressure gauge, Hose collar, Reducer T-Tubes and one way

corks.

The air from the compressor passes through the control unit where its

pressure is controlled by the gate valve. The pressure is read by a pressure

gauge. Then, the air is passed through any one of the two one way corks. The

parts are connected by tubes and are clamped by clamps. Thread seals are

applied between thread connections to avoid leakage of air through threads.

The above parts are enclosed in a wooden box.

The air from control unit passes through nozzle. The nozzle is planed in

such a position. So that the direction of air rotates the fan. The air can be sent

to any one of the two nozzles by operating the one way corks.
 7. COMPRESSOR:

The compressor gives the source of energy that is compressed air. The

compressor is a storage tank of air. The air is drawn. Compressed and stored

into a tank by two reciprocating pistons inside two cylinders. There is a pressure

gauge fitted to the compressor to read the pressure inside the tank. There is a

safety valve which puts off the motor driving the pistons. When the pressure

exceeds a limit. The air is taken out by a gate valve fixed to the out let of the

tank. The capacity of compressor is 10 kg km². The compressed air is utilized

in this unit to run the fan to get a torgue for machining.

8. RUBBER SHEET

The two hollow rubber sheets is made up of rubber material. The

thickness is 8mm the inner diameter 16mm and the outer diameter is 50mm.

The another rubber sheet has thickness of 8mm inner and outer diameter of

16mm and 76mm.

9. HOSE COLLAR

The hose collar is made up of brass material. The one end of the hose is

attached to the control valve and other end is attached to the compressor.
10. ROTOR AND VANE

The rotor is made up of mild steel. The length and diameter of the

rotor is 180mm and 15mm. The vane is also fitted to the rotor. The inside

diameter of the barrel is 15mm and the outside diameter of the barrel is 20mm.

The length and thickness of vane is 100mm and 2mm respectively.

11. PRESSURE GAUGS

The pressure gauge is used for finding the pressure of air inside the

compressor. It is also a safety providing instrument.

DESIGN AND DRAWING
 DESIGN AND DRAWINGS

Rack And Pinion Block

The block is the central part of the unit as it houses the rack and pinion.

This rack and pinion attachment gives the rotary motion to the pneumatic

material-handling device. This block converts linear motion into rotary motion.

Pinion:

This is a gear wheel which is provided to get mesh with rack to convert

the linear motion into rotary motion. They are made up of Cast iron.

Rack:

Rack teeth are cut horizontally about the required length to get the

accurate turn of 360o. This is made up of Cast iron.

DESIGN OF PINION

From PSG design data book (page no.7.18)

dmin > (0.59/ σcmax) х [[Mt]/((1/E1)+(1/E2)) 2](1/3 _________________ (1)

Where,

σcmax = maximum contact compressive stress N/m2

E1,E2 = Youngs modulus N/m2

Mt = Torque N-m

E1 = E2 = 1.1х106 N/m2
Calculation of σcmax

________________
σcmax = HB х CB х Kcl (2)

Where,

HB = Brinell hardness number

CB = coefficient depends on hardness

Kcl = life factor

Kcl = {[1 x 107 ]/N }1/6 ______________

(3)

N = 60 x n x T

Where

n = rpm

N = life in no. Of cycles

T = life in hours.

= 8000 hours.

From P.S.G design data book (page no.2.4),

CB = 20

HB = 200

Substituting the values of N, n, T in the equation [3],

The value of kcl is obtained as 1.139.

Kcl = 1.139.

Substituting the values in equation [2]

σcmax = 20 x 200 x 1.1309

 = 4520 x105 N/m2

Calculation of Mt
____________
Mt = 97420 x (Kw/n). (4)

for power calculation

Centrifugal force, fc = m ω2 r ____________

(5)

M = 7kg

W = mxg

 = 2Πn/60

R = 1m

Substituting the values of m, ω, r in equation [4]

fc = 7.56 N.

Downward force, fd = m x g

= 7 x 9.81

= 68.6N.

Centrifugal force, f = fc + fd

= 68.6 + 7.56

= 76.17N

Torque = f x r

= 76.17 x 1

= 76.2Nm.
 Power = Torque x angular velocity.

= 76.2 x 1.05

= 79.7w

Substituting the value of kw and n in equation in [3],

Mt = 776.7

[Mt] = 1.4 x Mt

= 1.4 x 776.7

= 1087.1 N-m

Substituting the values of σcmax, [Mt], E1,E2 in equation [1],

The minimum diameter of the pinion is calculated to be 78.7mm.

We have taken the standard diameter of pinion as 75mm.

Specification Of Pinion:

Material : cast-iron

Outside diameter : 75mm

Circular pitch : 4.7mm

Tooth depth : 3.375mm

Module : 1.5mm

Pressure angle : 21

Pitch circle diameter : 72mm

Addendum : 1.5mm

Dedendum : 1.875mm

Circular tooth Thickness : 2.355mm

Fillet radius : 0.45mm

Clearance :0.375mm

Design of rack

Pitch circle diameter of the gear is = 72mm

Circumference of the gear is =   pitch circle diameter

=  72

= 226mm

The dimension is for 360 rotations for 180 rotations the rack length is 113 mm

Specification Of Rack:

Material :cast iron

Module :1.5mm

Cross-section :7525mm

Teeth on the rack is adjusted for 113mm

 PNEUMATIC DETAILS

PNEUMATIC COMPONENTS AND ITS SPECIFICATION

The pneumatic auto feed drilling machine consists of the following

components to full fill the requirements of complete operation of the machine.

1. Flow control Valve

3. Connectors

4. Hoses

1. Flow control Valve

Technical Data

Port size : 0.635 x 10 ֿ² m

Pressure : 0-8 x 10 ⁵ N/m²

Media : Air

Quantity : 1

2. Connectors Technical data

Max working pressure : 10 x 10 ⁵ N/m²

Temperature : 0-100 º C

Fluid media : Air

Material : Brass
3. Hoses

Technical date

Max pressure : 10 x 10 ⁵ N/m²

Outer diameter : 6 mm = 6 x 10 ˉ ³m

Inner diameter : 3.5 mm = 3.5 x 10 ˉ ³m

WORKING PRINCIPLE
 WORKING PRINCIPLE

The pneumatic multi purpose device is an air operated device used for many

small operations. It is a portable one. Compressed air is the source of energy for

this device. The compressed air is allowed through the nozzle in such a way to

rotate to fan. The rotation obtained is utilized for machining. The nozzles are

welded to the barrel at an angle to facilitate free rotation. The fan can be rotated in

either direction by operating the one way corks. The rpm and torque of the shaft

depends upon the pressure of the air admitted so by varying the pressure the rpm

and torque can be varied.

The parts are interred connected by thick tubes. Clamps are used at the

connecting parts to prevent leakage. In threaded parts thread seals are used to

prevent leakage.

Here the compressed air from the compressor firstly enters the control unit.

In the control unit the pressure of the air is controlled and sent to the barrel to

rotate the fan in any one direction.

 The air from the compressor enters the gate valve. The gate valve controls

the pressure and volume of air. Then the pressure is read by a pressure gauge.

Then the air is admitted to the barrel through any one of the two one way corks to

rotate fan. In the barrel, a shaft is placed and if carries the fan. The shaft is

supported in either and by bearings. The bearings are placed in the couplings,

which covers the ends of barrel.

The following dates are collected from our tests.

1. Maximum pressure that can be used - 7 to 8 kg/cm²

2. Maximum dia drill that can be used - 6 mm

3. Total weight of handling unit - 5 kg.

4. Maximum rpm obtained at maximum pressure - 7000 to 7500 rpm

 When the work piece is inserted in the drill jig. The work piece project the

limit switch in the jig and the drilling machine main motor is switched ‘ON’.

Now the stepper Motor stands is forward rotation.

The smaller gear wheel in the stepper motor rotates the larger gear wheel in

the pinion shaft. Then the pinion rotates and moves the spindle shaft with Rack

downwards. Now the Drill bit drills the holes in the work piece Since the spindle is

moving downwards the limit switch will hit the stepper. This trigger of limit switch

will stop the stepper motor and reverse the direction of stepper motor. Now the

stepper motor rotor rotates in reverse direction and the spindle moves upwards.

The relay unit does the starting & stopping of stepper motor.

The stepper motor stops after the spindle is moved to its original position by

the timer relay arrangements.

Same procedure is repeated for all the workpieces.

FABRICATION
 FABRICATION

The fabrication of main parts is given below.

1. BARREL:

Barrel is the cover for the driving unit. It supports the nozzle. It has

couplings at its two ends. Inside the barrel, a shaft carrying a fan is placed.

The air rotates the fan. The barrel has a length of 150 mm. Inner air rotates the

fan. The barrel has a length of 150 mm. Inner diameter-76mm and outer

diameter of 82 mm. The barrel is turned out to the required size in a lathe.

Threads for holding couplings are also cut in lathe.

Turning is the operation of reducing the outer diameter and increasing the

inner diameter to the required size. It is the operation by which metal is removed

from the outer or inner surface of a part. The machine used for turning is the lathe.

The component is held in a chuck and rotated a tool is used to remove the meal

from the surface. Using a lathe threading can also be done. Threads are cut on the

ends of the barrel. Holes for outlet and inlet of air are drilled in a radial drilling

machine.
2. COUPLINGS:

The couplings form the cover for barrel in its two ends. The

couplings are screwed on the barrel by the threads on the barrel. Each coupling

is turned out from a rod of 90mm diameter and a length of 55mm. The

couplings are turned in a lathe and threads are also cut in lathe. A straight drill

of 35mm is drilled through the coupling for bearing seat.

The coupling at the backside is screwed to the barrel and at the top

most point a handle which is bended at 90º is welded of its one end. The

couplings should be turned accurately to match the threads in barrel and

couplings. In the front side coupling a hole is drilled of the bottom side to fix a

handle. The front handle is for feeding.

3. SHAFT:

The shaft is a rod of two different diameters. The shaft is made up of

mild steel. The shaft has a diameter of 15 mm for a length of 180 mm and a

diameter of 13.5 mm for a length of 22 mm. The shaft is turned to the required

diameter in a lathe. Flanges are fixed to the shaft by means of bolts and nuts

through a drilled cross hole. Corresponding holes are made on flanges also.
 The shaft is supported on either ends by means of bearings which are

placed in couplings. The shaft should be turned accurately, because if should

not be very tight or loose to hold the bearings. At the front end of the shaft a

drill chuck is fitted.

4. FLANGES:

The flanges are hollow cylinders having flanges at its any one of the

two ends. The flanges are made out of mild steel. The flange is turned in a

lathe. The centre hole is drilled in a radial drilling machine. The flanges are

placed in either sides of the fan. Holes are drilled in the two flanges

correspondingly and also in the fan. Further cross holes are drilled to fix the

flanges on the shaft. The fan is fixed between the flanges using nuts and bolts

through the holes in flanges and the fan. The flange is fixed to the shaft by

using nuts and bolts through the cross holes drilled.

5. FLUID FAN:

The fan is made up of aluminium. The outer diameter of the fan is

73mm, so the fan can rotate freely inside the barrel. First the aluminium sheet

is cut to the required diameter. Dimensions for leaves are marked and the

leaves are cut and the edges are filed. Then the fan is fixed to the flanges.

The fan with flanges on either side is held in a vise, and each leaves

are twisted to a particular angle, such that it could rotate in either direction,

when the direction of air is varied. The fan is fixed to flanges and flanges are

fixed to the shaft. Thus the rotation of fan is transmitted to the shaft through

flanges to the shaft. The thickness of the fan leaves are 2mm.

6. CONTROL UNIT:

The control unit controls the air pressure and volume entering the

barrel. The control unit consists of gate valve-10ft, pressure gauge-10ft, T-tube

– 20ft., Reducer – 10ft., one way corks – 20ft and connectors 40ft. Clamps are

used to clamp the tubes to avoid dis-connection during mounting of pressure.

Thread seals are used to prevent leakage through threads.

 The above parts are enclosed in a wooden box. The wooden box is pointed

with Decholon sheet. The compressed air before entering the barrel passes

through the control unit.

7. RUBBER SHEET

The two hollow rubber sheets is made up of rubber material. The

thickness is 8mm the inner diameter 16mm and the outer diameter is 50mm.

The another rubber sheet has thickness of 8mm inner and outer diameter of

16mm and 76mm.

The rubber sheet is provided to avoid the torsional vibration in shaft.

The two rubber sheets are made up of different dimensions.

8. HOSE COLLAR

The hose collar is made up of brass material. The one end of the hose is

attached to the control valve and other end is attached to the compressor. The

no.of fins is made for hose gripness. So the hose may perfectly attach itself to

the hose collar.

 9.ROTOR AND VANE

The rotor is made up of mild steel. The length and diameter of the

rotor is 180mm and 15mm. The vane is also fitted to the rotor. The inside

diameter of the barrel is 15mm and the outside diameter of the barrel is 20mm.

The length and thickness of vane is 100mm and 2mm respectively.

The rotor is made to rotate and it transmit the power to the spindle

head and tool bit with the help of the vane. The vane is assembled inside the

cylinder. When the air is passed to the van surface the vane is made to rotate. The

rotor also rotates and transmits the power to the chuck and thus the operation is

done.

10. PRESSURE GAUGS

The pressure gauge is used for finding the pressure of air inside the

compressor. It is also a safety providing instrument.

It shows the level of pressure in compressor. If the pressure exceeds the

given maximum level it may brust. So it is commonly known as pressure

indicator. The pressure is measured in the terms of bar.

LIST OF MATERIALS
 LIST OF MATERIALS

Sl. No.
Name of the Parts Quantity
01. Barrel 1
02. Coupling 2
03. Flange 2
04. Handle 1
05. Drill chuck 1
06. Gate valve 1
07. Hose Collar 1
08. Bearings 1
09. Reducer 1
10. T-Tube 2
11. Tube 4
12. Bolts and Nuts 6
BILL OF MATERIALS
 BILL OF MATERIALS

S. No Parts No. Material

1. 1 Electrical
Motor
2. 1
Base C.I
3. 1 M.S
Column
4. Step cone pulley 2 C.I
5. Spindle 1 M.S
6. Chuck 1 M.S
7. Chuck key 1 M.S
8. Rack & Pinion 1
M.S
9. Casing 1 C.I
10. 1 C.I
Motor Base
11. Stepper Motor 1 -
12. Gears 2
C.I
13. Limit switches 3 -
14. Relays 1 -
15. Drill jig 1 M.S
16. V – Belt 1 -
17. Drill bit 1 H.S.S
COST ESTIMATION
 COST ESTIMATION

1. MATERIAL COST:

Sl. No. Name of the Parts Quantity Cost (Rs.)

01. Barrel 1 200

02. Coupling 2 300

03. Flange 2 250

04. Handle 1 250

05. Drill chuck 1 350

06. Gate valve 1 200

07. Hose Collar 1 200

08. Bearings 1 250

09. Reducer 1 200

10. T-Tube 2 400

11. Tube 4 300

12. Bolts and Nuts 6 200

13. Auto feed arrangements 1500

TOTAL 4600
 1. LABOUR COST

LATHE, DRILLING, WELDING, GRINDING, POWER HACKSAW, GAS

CUTTING:
Cost = 1400/-
3. OVERHEAD CHARGES

The overhead charges are arrived by “Manufacturing cost”

Manufacturing Cost = Material Cost + Labour cost

= 4600 + 1400
= 6000/-

Overhead Charges = 900/-

TOTAL COST

Total cost = Material Cost + Labour cost + Overhead Charges

= 4600 + 1400 + 900
= 6900/-

Total cost for this project = 6900/-

PROCESS SHEET
 CHAPTER-10

PROCESS SHEET

Sl. No. Name of Parts Operation Machine or Equipment

1. Barrel Turning Lathe

Threading Lathe

Drilling Drilling Machine

Welding Arc welding machine

2. Coupling Turning Lathe

Drilling Drilling Machine

Boring Lathe

Threading Lathe

3. Shaft Turning Lathe

Drilling Drilling Machine

4. Fan Blanking Sheet Metal cutter and File

Cutting Leaves Hack saw and File

Twisting Tongs

5. Handle Turning Lathe

Bending And Welding Arc Welding Machine

APPLICATIONS
 APPLICATIONS

This multipurpose device has a numerous applications in various fields. In

industries, this is used in assembly section. The required pressure is set and the

operation is carried out. In automobile shops various operations are required

frequently. Drilling, boring, reaming etc. It is also used as a screw driver for

tightening and loosening nuts and bolts. It is used.

1. In automobile workshops

2. In small scale industries

3. In such places where frequent changes in operations are required

4. In welding shops for grinding.

5. For performing operations in huge parts which can not be done in ordinary

machines, since it is portable.

ADVANTAGES
 ADVANTAGES

The pneumatically operated multi purpose device has many advantages.

They are as follows:

Low cost, so it can be used in small scale industries.

Higher rate and quicker operations

A number of operations like drilling, screw driving, reaming

etc., can be done.

The nuts and bolts can be tightened to a particular pressure by

operating the gate valve placed in the control unit and the

pressure gauge.

Both loosening and tightening is possible. Since there is air

flow in both directions.

The weight of the unit is less and can be easily handled.

Efficient operation. Since if does not require any electricity for

running.

The weight of the machine is concentrated towards the

machining head to facilitate easy manipulation of the

machining.
The design is simple and there is no maintenance required. The

control valve for allowing or restricting air may be placed on

handle to make easier to control the speed of the machine.

The maximum rpm of the unit of the unit is 7000 rpm. The

speed provides a torque which is suitable for machining. The

maximum pressure that can be used is 7 kg km². The rpm and

torque can be varied by varying the pressure of the air inlet.

DISADVANTAGES
 DISADVANTAGES

 When there is no electricity. It cannot be used for long time.

 Frequent failure in valve’s and tube’s

CONCLUSION
 CONCLUSION

This project can be readily commercialized in the market due to its efficient

operation and competitive cost. Since a number of operation can be performed in a

single and simple unit. It is efficient and economical. Considering its uses and

cost of this project, it becomes relatively cheap when compared to other units.

Improvement of the project:

The project work done by us can be used in various fields. However the

weight of the handling unit can be reduced by using aluminium or fibre instead of

mild steel.

Further the controlling of the unit is slightly difficult for a single man. If the

air flow control valve is fitted to the handle it will be easier.

The outlet air from the top can be forced at the machining point to remove

the chips while machining.

The above modifications can be made. Due to very short period, we could

not carry out further. However this project is a successful one because we have

tested it for the fullest satisfaction.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Pneumatic hand book - R.H.Warrning

2. Machine tool design hand book - Central machine tool Institute,

Bangalore.

3. Strength of materials - R.S.Kurmi

4. Manufacturing Technology - M.Haslehurst.

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www.wikepiedia.com
PHOTOGRAPHY