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    Blood Bags

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    madeshfelixturner141299
    Blood bags by dghs

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Blood Bags

    Uploaded by

    madeshfelixturner141299
    7 views3 pages
    Blood bags by dghs

    Original Title

    Blood Bags.rtf

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Blood bags by dghs

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    7 views3 pages

    Blood Bags

    Uploaded by

    madeshfelixturner141299
    Blood bags by dghs

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Blood bags are made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic that contains di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)

    to

    make the containers pliable. The bag is flexible, tough, kink resistant and scratch-resistant. The
    container’s

    material should be able to withstand sterilization by gamma irradiation, ethylene oxide, electron beam
    or

    all of them. The plastic should allow adequate gas exchange for oxygen and carbon dioxide yet prevent

    water evaporation from the blood component bags. Bags should be pyrogen-free and sterile. Besides a

    statutory license for manufacturing blood bags, quality checks for standards by government-approved
    testing

    laboratories are mandatory before blood bags are put to use. Test reports should be ascertained before

    acceptance of the bags in the blood centre inventory.

    The different configurations of blood bags are single, double, triple, quadruple or quintuple bags. A
    blood bag

    with its tubing and venepuncture needle is a closed system. More recently, additional configurations for
    blood

    containers include in-line filters for removal of leukocytes from the whole blood (WB) or Red Blood Cell
    (RBC)

    units. For removing contaminants from skin flora, a diversion pouch is attached with the collection tube,
    the

    blood from which can be used for test samples.20 Blood collection bag design also includes safety
    devices

    such as the sliding sheath needle guard to prevent accidental needle-stick injuries. These devices allow

    retraction of the needle into a safety guard after blood collection.

    Blood bags are supplied in pouches and should be used within the shelf life prescribed by the
    manufacturer.

    The bags should be checked for a batch number, lot number and date of manufacture and expiry on the
    bag.

    Blood bags should be transported and stored between 20-240


    C at all times before blood collection to maintain

    the integrity and sterility of the preservative solution. The preservative solution in blood bags contains
    an

    30 TRANSFUSION MEDICINE TECHNICAL MANUAL Third Edition 2022

    anticoagulant (AC) to prevent donor blood from clotting. The preservative solution also contains
    nutrients for

    the blood cells and an additive solution for red cells’ long-term storage. Table 2 discusses the details of
    the

    ingredients of an anticoagulant and its functions. The approved anticoagulant-preservative solutions


    used in

    the blood bag are as follows

    • Acid-citrate-dextrose solution (ACD)

    • Citrate-phosphate-dextrose solution (CPD)

    • Citrate-phosphate-dextrose-dextrose solution (CP2D)

    • Citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine solution (CPDA-1).

    Table 2: Constituents of common anticoagulants (AC) and their functions

    Solutions Function

    Sodium Citrate (C) Binds with calcium ions and interferes with calcium-dependent steps in the clotting
    cascade

    Dextrose (D) Supports generation of ATP by glycolysis and supports red cell membrane to increase shelf

    life

    Citric Acid Prevents caramelisation of glucose during autoclaving

    Phosphate (P) It supports the metabolism of the red cells during storage to ensure they release oxygen

    readily at the tissue level

    Adenine (A) Provides the source of energy

    AS1 (SAGM) Saline (S)- Provides fluid for the suspension to maintain flow rate

    Glucose (G)- Provides basic nutrients for glycolysis


    Adenine (A) & Mannitol (M)- Provides ATP and Stabilizes RBC wall

    Additive solutions (AS) are used to enhance the shelf life of RBC to 42 days. The three forms of addit

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