Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 1 views

    ENZYMES

    Uploaded by

    Alishba

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    ENZYMES

    Uploaded by

    Alishba
    1 views26 pages

    Original Title

    ENZYMES ppt.pptx

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1 views26 pages

    ENZYMES

    Uploaded by

    Alishba

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 26

    ENZYMES

    Proteins with catalytic properties

    © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS


    Student Learning Outcomes
    13.3.1 define the tem enzymes
    13.3.2 describe the commercial uses of enzymes
    An enzyme controlled pathway

    Enzyme controlled reactions proceed 108 to 1011 times faster


    than corresponding non-enzymic reactions.
    © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS
    Making reactions go faster
    • Increasing the temperature makes molecules
    move faster
    • Biological systems are very sensitive to
    temperature changes
    • Enzymes can increase the rate of reactions
    without the need to increase the temperature
    • They do this by lowering the activation energy
    • They create a new reaction pathway “a short
    cut” .

    © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS


    Enzyme structure
    • Enzymes are proteins
    • They have a globular
    shape
    • A complex 3-D structure

    http://www.chem.ubc.ca/personnel/faculty/withers/group/group

    /begum/Human%2520Pancreati%2520Amylase%

    © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS


    Human pancreatic amylase
    The active site
    The shape and the
    chemical
    environment inside
    the active site
    permits a chemical
    reaction to proceed
    more easily.

    DNA ploymerase

    © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS


    The substrate
    •The substrate of an enzyme are the
    reactants that are activated by the enzyme
    •Enzymes are specific to their substrates
    •The specificity is determined by the active
    site.

    © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS


    The Lock and Key Hypothesis
    • This explains enzyme specificity
    • This explains the loss of activity when enzymes
    denature.

    © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS


    The Lock and Key Hypothesis
    • Fit between the substrate and the active site of
    the enzyme is exact
    • Like a key fits into a lock very precisely
    • Enzyme-substrate complex formed
    • Products have a different shape from the
    substrate
    • Products are released from the active site
    • Leaving it free to become for another substrate
    molecule.

    © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS


    The Lock and Key Hypothesis

    S
    E
    E
    E

    Enzyme- Enzyme may


    substrate be used again
    complex P
    E
    P

    Reaction
    © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS
    The effect of pH
    Optimum pH values

    Enzyme
    activity
    Trypsin

    Pepsin

    1 3 5 7 9 11

    © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS pH


    The effect of pH
    • Extreme pH levels will produce denaturation
    • The structure of the enzyme is changed
    • The active site is distorted and the substrate
    molecules will no longer fit in it
    • At pH values slightly different from the enzyme’s
    optimum value, small changes in the charges on
    the enzyme and it’s substrate molecules will
    occur
    • This change will affect the binding of the
    substrate with the active site.
    © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS
    The effect of temperature
    •For most enzymes the optimum
    temperature is about 30°C
    •Many are a lot lower,
    cold water fish will die at 30°C because
    their enzymes denature
    •A few bacteria have enzymes that can
    withstand very high temperatures up to
    100°C
    •Most enzymes however are fully denatured
    at 70°C. © 2016 Paul Billiet ODWS

    You might also like