Mod 1 Lat Earth Pres Dec 21
Mod 1 Lat Earth Pres Dec 21
Mod 1 Lat Earth Pres Dec 21
σh=Ka σv =
KaϒH
For finding active earth pressure, Ko should be changed to Ka
PASSIVE EARTH PRESSURE
σh=KP σv =
KPϒH
For finding PASSIVE earth pressure, Ko should be changed to Kp
=Ka ϒ Z
Ko=1-sin26=0.5616
Po= 192.1kN/m
A retaining wall 8m high retains a cohesionless backfill having φ=
30⁰ and γ = 18 kN/m3. Compute the intensities of active &
passive earth pressure and total active and passive earth
pressure / m run and point of application
Soln:
Total active pressure/m run =
σh=Ka σv =
KaϒH
pa = Kaq+ KaYH
The lateral earth pressure
due to surcharge –
same at every point along
the depth of the ret wall
Does not vary with depth
The height of fill He,
equivalent to the uniform
surcharge intensity is given
by,
KaYHe = Kaq
He = q/Y
Q. A wall mass is retained by a smooth vertical wall of 6m height. The soil has a bulk
unit weight of 20kN/m3 and φ = 16 ο. The top of the soil is level with the top of the wall
and is horizontal. If the soil surface carries a udl of 4.5kN/m2, determine the intensity of
active earth pressure acting on the wall. Also determine the resultant earth pressure
per unit length of the wall.
Ans: Given H= 6m
ϒ = 20kN/m3
φ = 16ο
q = 4.5kN/m2
Q. A wall mass is retained by a smooth vertical wall of 6m height. The soil has a bulk
unit weight of 20kN/m3 and φ = 16 ο. The top of the soil is level with the top of the wall
and is horizontal. If the soil surface carries a udl of 4.5kN/m2, determine the intensity of
active earth pressure acting on the wall. Also determine the resultant earth pressure
per unit length of the wall.
Ans: Given H= 6m
ϒ = 20kN/m3
φ = 16ο
q = 4.5kN/m2
p1 =Ka γ ʹ H= p2 =γwH=
Q. A retaining wall 6m high retains
3
a cohesionless backfill
having φ= 30⁰ and γ = 16 kN/m . Compute the total active
earth pressure / m run and point of application
Soln:
Ka= 1/3 , H = 6m
γ ʹ = γ – γw = 16 -10 = 6kN/m3
p1 =Ka γ ʹ H= p2 =γwH=
=1/3* 6 * 6 = 12 = 10 * 6= 60
Intensity of earth pressure at any depth 6m
p1 =Ka γ ʹ H=1/3* 6 * 6 = 12 kN/m2
p2 =γwH = 10 * 6 = 60 kN/m2
A retaining wall 6m high retains a cohesionless backfill having φ= 30⁰ and γ = 16
kN/m3. Compute the total active earth pressure / m run and point of application
P1 = ½ * 12* 6 = 36 kN/m
P2 = ½ * 60 * 6 = 180 kN/m
p2 =γwH=
Pa = 36 +180 = 216 kN/m p1 =Ka γ ʹ H=
=1/3* 6 * 6 = 12 = 10 * 6= 60
To get point of application h, equate moment of the resultant and components about base of
the wall
Pa * h =( P1 * h1 )+ (P2 * h2)
216 * h = 36 * 6/3 + 180 * 6/3
h = 2m from base of wall
2. A retaining wall 10m high retains a cohesionless backfill having φ= 30⁰
and γ = 15.7 kN/m3 γsat = 19.8 kN/m3. Compute the total active earth
pressure / m run and point of application
pa = Ka YH=1/3 x 18 x 8 = 48kN/m2
Total active earth pr per m run= 1/2 x 8 x 48
=192N/
Submerged soil
=1/3=0.333
P1= 12 x 4 =48kN/m
Acting at a depth 4/2 =2m from the bottom.
P2=1/2 x 24 x 4=48kN/m
Acting at a depth 4/3=1.33m from the bottom.
P= kN/m
Z= m
4.
KaϒH
2
KaϒH2
Q4. In the above example Q3,H= 4m, Y=18kN/m3, if the WT rises
behind the wall to an elevtion 1.5m below the top, determine the
total active pressure and its point of application. Take submerged
unit wt as 12 kN/m3.φ =30o. q = 36kN/m2
Ka ϒ H2
Q.5 Determine the active pressure on the RW shown in Fig. Yw= 10kN/m3.
p1 above B = Ka1YH1 = 0.271 x 17 x 2.5 = 11.51kN/m2
p1 just below B = Ka2YH2 = 0.238 x 17 x 2.5 =10.115kN/m2
At C
p3 = Ka2Y’H2 = 0.238x (18-10) x 2.5 Pressure Magnitude (kN/m) Pt of application
=4.76kN/m2 P1 ½ x 11.52 x 2.5 = 14.4 (2.5/3) + 2.5 = 3.33
P4 =YwH2 = 10 x 2.5 =25kN/m2 P2 10.11 x 2.5= 25.275 2.5/2= 1.25
To get point of application P3 ½ x 4.88 x 2.5 = 6.1 2.5/3 = 0.83
77.02 x h = 14.4 x3.33 + 25.275 x 1.25 + 6.1 x 0.83 + 31.25 x 0.83 P4 ½ x 25 x 2.5 =31.25 0.83
h= 1.44 m
Total P = 77 .02 kN/m
6.
4. Sloping backfil
α or β
A retaining wall 6m high retains a cohesionless backfill having
φ= 30⁰, γ = 20 kN/m3 .If surface of the backfill slope upwards
at 15⁰ to the horizontal .Compute the total active earth
pressure / m run
α = 15⁰
φ= 30⁰
Ka = 0.3729
Pa = ½ * ka* γ * H2
= ½ * 0.3729 * 20 * 62
= 134.2 kN/m
Cohesive soils -Active earth pressure (Rankines theory contd)
Bells equation
P1
Ka γ H
Total lateral thrust or active pressure force /m after formation of tension crack
= P2
= Area of pressure distribution diagram between H and zo ( shaded area)
Numerical example
• A retaining wall 35m high retains a backfill having cohesion = 20 kN/m 2, φ= 0⁰
and γ = 18 kN/m . Compute the total active earth pressure / m run and point of
application.
• Soln
b) At z = 0, pa = - 2x 17 x1 = - 34 kN/m2
At z = 7 m, pa = 16 x 7 x1 – 2 x 17 x 1 = 78 kN/m2
Active force before formation of tension crack = P1 +P2
= - ( ½ x 34x 2.125 ) + ½ x 78 x 4.875 = - 36.125 + 190.125
= 154 kN/m
c) Active force after formation of tension crack = P2
= 190.125 kN/m
A 5m high ret wall shown in fig. Determine the Rankine active pressure on he wall. (a) Before
formation of crack. (b) After the formation of crack.( Please refer text book uploaded… Page
510-511)
=
=1-sin30/1+sin30 =0.333
P2 ½ x (57.33-33.33) x3 = 36 1+3 = 4
P4 ½ * (82.74-56.28)*3 = 39.69 1
• Position and line of action of earth pressure are known. Earth pressure
is inclined at an angle of δ to the normal to the back of the wall ( where δ
is the angle of friction between the wall and the backfill) and acts at lower third point of
the wall. (Rankine’s- Resultant parallel to ground surface )
The Fig shows a retaining wall with an inclined back face and a
sloping dry granular backfill. In active case, the sliding wedge
ABD moves downward.
Direction of active & passive pressure
RW
RW
p
a 90 o Normal to the
δ Normal to the
back of the wall back of the wall
δ
90 o
Pp
i = α = 15⁰
Passive pressure