01 Indian Plate & Basics Facts 05.10.22
01 Indian Plate & Basics Facts 05.10.22
01 Indian Plate & Basics Facts 05.10.22
❖ Indian plate
❖ Basic facts of India
❖ India physical divisions – Himalayas ,
Northern plains , Plateau , Desert, coastal
plains, Islands
❖ Indian drainage system
❖ Indian climate
❖ India - minerals & Industry
INDIAN PLATE
THE INDIAN TECTONIC PLATE
▪ The Indian plate includes Peninsular India
and the Australian continental portions.
▪ The subduction zone along
the Himalayas forms the northern plate
boundary in the form of continent-
continent convergence.
▪ In the east, it extends through Arakan
Yoma moutains of Myanmar towards the
island arc along the Java Trench.
▪ The Western margin follows Kirthar
Mountain of Pakistan. It further extends
along the Makrana coast (Pakistan and
Iranian coasts) and joins the spreading site
from the Red Sea rift
▪ The boundary between India and the
Antarctic plate is also marked by an
oceanic ridge running in roughly W-E
direction
MOVEMENT OF INDIAN PLATE
▪ India was a large island situated off the
Australian coast. The Tethys Sea separated it
from the Asian continent till about 225 million
years ago.
▪ India is supposed to have started her
northward journey about 200 million years
(Pangaea broke).
▪ About 140 million years ago, the subcontinent
was located as south as 50◦ S latitude.
▪ The Tethys Sea separated the Indian plate and
the Eurasian plate.
▪ The Tibetan block was a part of the Asiatic
landmass.
▪ India collided with Asia about 40-50 million
years ago causing rapid uplift of the
Himalayas
▪ It’s thought that India’s coastline was
denser and more firmly attached to the
seabed, which is why Asia’s softer soil was
pushed up rather than the other way
around.
▪ The process is continuing, and the height of
the Himalayas is rising even to this date.
▪ The northward movement of the Indian
tectonic plate pushing slowly against the
Asiatic plate is evident by the frequent
earthquakes in the region.
▪ During the movement of the Indian plate
towards the Asiatic plate, a major event
that occurred was the outpouring of lava
and formation of the Deccan Traps
INDIA BASIC FACTS
INDIA – GEOGRAPHICAL EXTENT
▪ India’s area of 32,87,263 sq km
▪ India is the seventh largest country of the
world.
▪ India accounts for about 2.4 per cent of the
total surface area of the world.
▪ Southernmost point - Pygmalion
Point or Indira Point
▪ Northern most point - Indira Col in
Kashmir
▪ Western most extent – Ghuar Mota
▪ Eastern most point – Kibithu
▪ North to South extent - 3,214 km.
▪ East to west extent - 2,933 km.
▪ The Tropic of Cancer passes through the
middle of the country dividing it into two
latitudinal halves.
▪ The area to the north of Tropic of Cancer is
nearly twice the area which lies to the
south of it.
▪ South of 22° north latitude, the country
tapers off over 800 km into the Indian
Ocean as a peninsula.
STATES THROUGH WHICH TROPIC OF
CANCER PASSES
1. Gujarat
2. Rajasthan
3. Madhya Pradesh
4. Chattisgarh
5. Jharkhad
6. West Bengal
7. Tripura
8. Mizoram
INDIAN STANDARD TIME LINE
▪ India’s East-West time difference is nearly 2
hrs
▪ INDIAN STADERED TIME LINE PASSES
THROUGH
1. Utter pradesh
2. Madhya pradesh
3. Chattisgarh
4. Odisha
5. Adhra pradesh
INDIA, TROPICAL OR
TEMPERATE COUNTRY?
▪ The temperate part (north of Tropic of
Cancer) is twice the area of tropical part.
▪ But India has always been treated as a
tropical country for two different reasons –
physical and cultural.
Physical Geographical Reasons
▪ The country is separated from the rest of
Asia by Himalayas.
▪ Its climate is dominated by the tropical
monsoons and the temperate air masses
are blocked by Himalayas.
▪ Entire area south of the Himalayas is
essentially tropical from climatic point of
view
Cultural Geographical Reasons
▪ Settlements, diseases, agricultural and
primary economic activities are all tropical
in nature.
THE LENGTH OF INDIA’S LAND BORDERS WITH
NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES IS AS UNDER
Consider the following statements regarding
India
1. Tropic of cancer passes through only 7 states
of India
2. Mahi river is the only river in In dia that cuts
the tropic of cancer twice
choose the correct statement
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 & 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Arrange the following countries in ascending
order based on its length of land boundary
with India
1. China
2. Myanmar
3. Pakistan
4. Bangladesh
choose the correct answer
a) 2-3-4-1
b) 3-2- 1-4
c) 2-3-1-4
d) 4-3-1-2
Arrange the following countries in ascending
order based on its length of land boundary
with India
1. China
2. Myanmar
3. Pakistan
4. Bangladesh
choose the correct answer
a) 2-3-4-1
b) 3-2- 1-4
c) 2-3-1-4
d) 4-3-1-2
THANK YOU