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BRIEF CONTENTS
PART 3 Europe in Transition, 1300–1750
13 European State Consolidation in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries 385
14 New Directions in Thought and Culture in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries 417
15 Society and Economy Under the Old Regime in the Eighteenth Century 449
16 The Transatlantic Economy, Trade Wars, and Colonial Rebellion 481
vii
CONTENTS
Documents xvii
Maps xx
Preface xxi Early Controversy Over Tobacco and Smoking 390
About the Authors xxvii
What Is the Western Heritage? xxix
A Closer LOOK VERSAILLES 397
C O M P A R E The Debate over the Origin and
A N D
C O N N E C T Character of Political Authority 400
PART 3
Europe in Transition, 1300–1750
A Closer LOOK THE SCIENCES AND THE ARTS 431 Water, Washing, and Bathing 474
C O M P A R E
A N D
Descartes and Swift Debate
C O N N E C T the Scientific Enterprise 436
16 The Transatlantic Economy, Trade
Midwives 443 Wars, and Colonial Rebellion 481
Periods of European Overseas Empires 482
15 Society and Economy Under the Old Mercantile Empires 483
Mercantilist Goals 484
Regime in the Eighteenth Century 449 French–British Rivalry 484
Major Features of Life in the Old Regime 450 The Spanish Colonial System 485
Maintenance of Tradition 450 Colonial Government 485
Hierarchy and Privilege 450 Trade Regulation 485
Colonial Reform under the Spanish
The Aristocracy 451 Bourbon Monarchs 485
Varieties of Aristocratic Privilege 451
Aristocratic Resurgence 453 Black African Slavery, the Plantation System,
and the Atlantic Economy 486
The Land and Its Tillers 453
The African Presence in the
Peasants and Serfs 453
Americas 489
Aristocratic Domination of the Countryside:
Slavery and the Transatlantic
The English Game Laws 455
Economy 490
Family Structures and the Family Economy 455 The Experience of Slavery 493
Households 456
Mid-Eighteenth-Century Wars 497
The Family Economy 457
The War of Jenkins’s Ear 498
Women and the Family Economy 458
The War of the Austrian Succession
Children and the World of the Family Economy 458
(1740–1748) 498
The Revolution in Agriculture 459 The “Diplomatic Revolution” of 1756 499
New Crops and New Methods 460 The Seven Years’ War (1756–1763) 499
Expansion of the Population 461
The American Revolution and Europe 501
The Industrial Revolution of the Eighteenth Resistance to the Imperial Search
Century 464 for Revenue 501
A Revolution in Consumption 464 The Crisis and Independence 502
Industrial Leadership of Great Britain 465 American Political Ideas 503
New Methods of Textile Production 466 Events in Great Britain 504
The Steam Engine 467 Broader Impact of the American Revolution 506
Iron Production 468
In Perspective 506
The Impact of the Agricultural and Industrial
Revolutions on Working Women 469 Key Terms 507
The Growth of Cities 470 Review Questions 507
Patterns of Preindustrial Urbanization 470 Suggested Readings 507
Urban Classes 472
MyHistoryLab Media Assignments 508
The Urban Riot 475
The Jewish Population: The Age of the Ghetto 476
In Perspective 478
Sugar Enters the Western Diet 491
Key Terms 478
Review Questions 478
A Closer LOOK A SUGAR PLANTATION IN
Suggested Readings 479 THE WEST INDIES 492
MyHistoryLab Media Assignments 479
C O M P A R E
A N D
C O N N E C T
The Atlantic Passage 494
A Closer LOOK AN ARISTOCRATIC COUPLE 452
C O M P A R E
Two Eighteenth-Century Writers THE WEST THE WORLD The Columbian Exchange:
A N D
C O N N E C T
Contemplate the Effects of Different Disease, Animals,
Economic Structures 462 and Agriculture 509
x ■ CONTENTS
C O M P A R E
A N D
The Soviets and the Nazis Confront A Closer LOOK THE VICHY REGIME IN FRANCE 927
C O N N E C T the Issues of Women and the Family 890
CHAPTER 15 CHAPTER 18
De Staël on the Ancien Regime (1789) 450 Petition of Women of the Third Estate 553
Voltaire, on Social Conditions Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès, What Is the
in Eighteenth-Century France 453 Third Estate? 553
The Marquis de Mirabeau, The Friend of Men, French Peasants, Cahiers de doléances
or Treatise on Population, 1756 453 (Grievances) (France), 1789 554
*Manchester’s Calico Printers Protest the Use *The Third Estate of a French City Petitions
of New Machinery 467 the King 555
James Watt on Steam Engines (mid to late 1700s) 468 *The National Assembly Decrees Civic Equality
Richard Guest, The Creation of the Steam Loom 468 in France 560
*Priscilla Wakefield Demands More Occupations Olympe de Gouges, Declaration of the Rights
for Women 471 of Woman and the Female Citizen 561
Jacques-Louis Menetra, Journal of My Life 473 *Burke Denounces the Extreme Measures of the
*Belorussian Jews Petition Catherine the Great 477 French Revolution 571
*Documents preceded by an asterisk appear in the printed book. Documents without asterisks are referenced throughout the text
by title and are available at MyHistoryLab.com.
xvii
xviii ■ DOCUMENTS
The National Convention, Law on Suspects Giuseppe Mazzini, Life and Writings
(1793), and Law of 22 Prairial Year II (1794) 572 of Giuseppe Mazzini, 1805–1872 673
*A Nation at Arms 573 *A Czech Nationalist Defends the Austrian
*The Paris Jacobin Club Alerts the Nation Empire 674
to Internal Enemies of the Revolution 574
Maximilien Robespierre, “Speech to National CHAPTER 22
Convention: The Terror Justified” 575
An Ottoman Government Decree Defines
*The Convention Establishes the Worship
the Official Notion of the “Modern” Citizen,
of the Supreme Being 579
June 19, 1870 688
A Letter from Bismarck (1866) 698
CHAPTER 19 Fustel de Coulanges, Letter to German
Madame de Remusat on the Rise Historian Theodor Mommsen, 1870 700
of Napoleon 585 *Mark Twain Describes the Austrian Parliament 702
Louis Antoine Fauvelet de Bourrienne, Emancipation Manifesto (1861) 705
Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte 586 *The People’s Will Issues a Revolutionary
*Napoleon Announces His Seizure of Power 587 Manifesto 708
Charles Parquin, “Napoleon’s Army” 591
Carl von Clausewitz, On War, “Arming CHAPTER 23
the Nation” 593
Napoleon’s Exile to St. Helena (1815) 600 *Praise and Concerns Regarding Railway Travel 720
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Émile 603 *Paris Department Stores Expand Their Business 722
*Madame de Staël Describes the New Romantic Edwin Chadwick, Summary from the Poor
Literature of Germany 605 Law Commissioners 725
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Prometheus, 1773 606 *A Doctor Learns How to Prevent
*Mary Shelley Remembers the Birth Childbed Fever 726
of a Monster 607 Adelheid Popp, “Finding Work: Women
*Hegel Explains the Role of Great Men Factory Workers” 730
in History 612 George Bernard Shaw, Mrs. Warren’s Profession 731
The Rubaiyat (11th c. C.E.) Omar Khayyam 612 John Stuart Mill, The Subjection of Women 733
“Freedom or Death” (1913) Emmeline
Pankhurst 734
CHAPTER 20 *Emmeline Pankhurst Defends Militant
*John Stuart Mill Advocates Independence 623 Suffragette Tactics 735
Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations 624 Socialism: The Gotha Program (1875) 740
Laws of Population Growth (1798) Malthus 625 M. I. Pokzovskaya, Working Conditions
David Ricardo, Excerpt from Principles of Women in the Factories 741
of Political Economy and Taxation 625
*The German Confederation Issues CHAPTER 24
the Carlsbad Decrees 629
Auguste Comte, “Course of Positive Philosophy”
The Plan of Iguala 643
(France), 1830–1842 753
Origin of Species, Charles Darwin (1859) 753
CHAPTER 21 Herbert Spencer, Social Darwinism,
Chartist Movement: The People’s Petition from The Data of Ethics (1857) 755
of 1838 651 Matthew Arnold, Excerpt from Dover Beach 755
British Parliament, “Inquiry: Child Labor” 656 Pope Leo XIII, Rerum Novarum (Of New
Industrial Society and Factory Conditions Things), 1891 759
(early 1800s) 657 Sayyid Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, “Lecture
*Women Industrial Workers Explain Their on Teaching and Learning” 761
Economic Situation 659 *Leo XIII Considers the Social Question
Leon Faucher, “Prison Rules” 661 in European Politics 762
Robert Owen, Excerpt from Address Werner Heisenberg, “Uncertainty” (Germany),
to the Workers of New Lanark, 1816 663 1927 762
Capitalism Challenged: The Communist Emile Zola, Nana 763
Manifesto (1848) 665 Henrik Ibsen, from A Doll’s House, Act Three 764
*Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Describe John Maynard Keynes, from The End
the Class Struggle 667 of Laissez-Faire 764
Metternich on the Revolutions of 1848 672 Friedrich Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil 768
DOCUMENTS ■ xix
*Émile Zola Accuses the Enemies of Dreyfus Heinrich Hauser, “With Germany’s
of Self-Interest and Illegal Actions 772 Unemployed” 880
*Herzl Advocates Jewish Nationalism 774 *Hitler Denounces the Versailles Treaty 882
Ellen Key, from The Century of the Child 776 Adolf Hitler, Excerpt from Mein Kampf 882
Virginia Woolf, from A Room of One’s Own Heinrich Himmler, “Speech to SS Officers” 888
(Great Britain), 1929 777 Gertrud Scholtz-Klink, “Speech to the Nazi
*Virginia Woolf Urges Women to Write 778 Women’s Organization” (Germany), 1935 889
CHAPTER 25 CHAPTER 28
Letter to Queen Victoria (1839) Lin Zexu 785 Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf 899
*A Chinese Official Appeals to Queen Victoria Speech to Spaniards (1936) Francisco Franco 900
to Halt the Opium Trade 786 *Winston Churchill Warns of the Effects of the
Dadabhai Naoroji, The Benefits of British Rule Munich Agreement 906
in India, 1871 787 Adolf Hitler, “The Obersalzberg Speech” 906
The Indian Revolt (1857) 788 Marc Bloch, from Strange Defeat 908
Amrita Lal Roy, English Rule in India, 1886 788 Winston Churchill, “Their Finest Hour”
*Gandhi Questions the Value of English (Great Britain), 1940 909
Civilization 789 An Eyewitness to Hiroshima (1945) 918
Karl Pearson, “Social Darwinism and *Mass Murder at Belsen 922
Imperialism” 791 Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill,
Vladimir Lenin, Imperialism, the Highest Stage “The Atlantic Charter” 930
of Capitalism 791
Arthur James Balfour, “Problems with Which CHAPTER 29
We Have to Deal in Egypt,” 1910 792
Joseph Stalin, Excerpts from the “Soviet Victory”
*Winston Churchill Reports on the Power of
Speech, 1946 938
Modern Weaponry against an African Army 800
Winston Churchill, from the Iron Curtain
Carl Peters, “A Manifesto for German
Speech, 1946 938
Colonization” 802
Gamal Abdel Nasser, Speech on the Suez Canal
*General von Trotha Demands that the Herero
(Egypt), 1956 947
People Leave Their Land 804
*Khrushchev Denounces the Crimes of Stalin:
*The Russian Foreign Minister Explains
The Secret Speech 948
the Imperatives of Expansion in Asia 807
*Gandhi Explains His Doctrine of Nonviolence 956
Frantz Fanon, from The Wretched of the Earth 958
CHAPTER 26 Mikhail Gorbachev on the Need for Economic
Borijove Jevtic, The Murder of Archduke Franz Reform (1987) 961
Ferdinand at Sarajevo (28 June 1919) 834 *Vladimir Putin Outlines a Vision
*The Austrian Ambassador Gets a “Blank of the Russian Future 973
Check” from the Kaiser 836 Statement from Chancellor Schröder
Bolshevik Seizure of Power, 1917 848 on the Iraq Crisis 977
*The Outbreak of the Russian Revolution 849
*An Eyewitness Account of the Bolsheviks’ CHAPTER 30
Seizure of Power 850
Justin Vaisse, from “Veiled Meaning”
Woodrow Wilson, The Fourteen Points (1918) 852
(France) 2004 984
The Covenant of the League of Nations 857
Jörg Haider, from The Freedom I Mean
(Austria), 1995 985
CHAPTER 27 *Simone de Beauvoir Urges Economic
Irish National Identity: (a) Irish Declaration of Freedom for Women 992
Independence; (b) Ulster’s Solemn League and *Sartre Discusses His Existentialism 996
Covenant; (c) Eamon de Valera, radio broadcast 869 Towards a Green Europe, Towards a Green World 997
*John Maynard Keynes Calls for Government *Voices from Chernobyl 1000
Investment to Create Employment 870 Pope John Paul II, from Centesimus Annus 1004
Joseph Stalin, Five Year Plan 873 A Common Market and European
Benito Mussolini, “The Political and Social Integration (1960) 1007
Doctrine of Fascism” 877 Treaty on European Union, 1992 1008
*Mussolini Heaps Contempt on Political *An English Business Editor Calls for Europe
Liberalism 878 to Take Charge of Its Economic Future 1010
MAPS
13–1 The First Three Wars of Louis XIV 399 26–2 The Schlieffen Plan of 1905 842
13–2 Europe in 1714 405 26–3 World War I in Europe 843
13–3 The Austrian Habsburg Empire, 26–4 The Western Front, 1914–1918 844
1521–1772 408 26–5 World War I Peace Settlement in
13–4 Expansion of Brandenburg-Prussia 409 Europe and the Middle East 858
16–1 Viceroyalties in Latin America in 1780 487 27–1 Germany’s Western Frontier 883
16–2 The Slave Trade, 1400–1860 493 28–1 The Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939 901
16–3 North America in 1763 502 28–2 Partitions of Czechoslovakia and
17–1 Expansion of Russia, 1689–1796 545 Poland, 1938–1939 903
17–2 Partitions of Poland, 1772, 1793, and 1795 546 28–3 Axis Europe, 1941 910
18–1 French Provinces and the Republic 562 28–4 North African Campaigns, 1942–1945 913
19–1 The Continental System, 1806–1810 593 28–5 Defeat of the Axis in Europe, 1942–1945 914
19–2 Napoleonic Europe in Late 1812 599 28–6 World War II in the Pacific 918
19–3 The German States after 1815 601 28–7 The Holocaust 920
19–4 Europe 1815, after the Congress 28–8 Yalta to the Surrender 932
of Vienna 602 29–1 Territorial Changes in Europe
20–1 Centers of Revolution, 1820–1831 633 After World War II 938
20–2 Latin America in 1830 641 29–2 Occupied Germany and Austria 941
21–1 European Railroads in 1850 648 29–3 Major Cold War European
21–2 Centers of Revolution in 1848–1849 668 Alliance Systems 944
22–1 The Crimean War 686 29–4 Israel and Its Neighbors in 1949 945
22–2 The Unification of Italy 692 29–5 Korea, 1950–1953 946
22–3 The Unification of Germany 696 29–6 Decolonization Since World War II 953
23–1 Patterns of Global Migration, 29–7 Vietnam and Its Southeast Asian
1840–1900 717 Neighbors 961
23–2 European Industrialization, 1860–1913 718 29–8 The Borders of Germany in the
25–1 British India, 1820 and 1856 787 Twentieth Century 965
25–2 Imperial Expansion in Africa to 1880 797 29–9 The Commonwealth of Independent
25–3 Partition of Africa, 1880–1914 798 States 968
25–4 Asia, 1880–1914 809 30–1 The Growth of the European Union 1008
26–1 The Balkans, 1912–1913 834
xx
PREFACE
T
he years since the publication of the Tenth Edi- and its many complexities. We hope that such an under-
tion of The Western Heritage have produced sig- standing of the West will foster lively debate about its
nificant changes that present new and serious character, values, institutions, and global influence.
challenges to the West and the rest of the world. The Indeed, we believe such a critical outlook on their own
most striking of these changes is in the economy. In culture has characterized the peoples of the West since
2008, a serious financial crisis produced a deep recession the dawn of history. Through such debates we define
that diminished the widespread economic growth and ourselves and the values of our culture. Consequently,
prosperity of the West and much of the world and threat- we welcome the debate and hope that The Western Heri-
ened to produce the political instability that usually tage, Eleventh Edition, can help foster an informed dis-
accompanies economic upheaval. By 2012, the European cussion through its history of the West’s strengths and
Union, long an economic powerhouse, felt the threat to weaknesses and the controversies surrounding Western
its currency and the solvency of its weaker members. history. To further that debate, we have included an
The United States also suffered a severe setback, and the introductory essay entitled “What Is the Western Heri-
recovery from its recession was the slowest in decades. tage?” to introduce students to the concept of the West
There seems to be little agreement as to solutions to the and to allow instructors and students to have a point
problem within or among the nations of the West and of departure for debating this concept in their course of
even less willingness to make the sacrifices that might study.
be necessary. We also believe that any book addressing the expe-
In the realms of international relations and politics, rience of the West must also look beyond its histori-
the United States and its European friends and allies cal European borders. Students reading this book come
pursued mixed policies. The war in Iraq, which some from a wide variety of cultures and experiences. They
had thought lost, took a sharp turn in 2008 when the live in a world of highly interconnected economies
Americans changed their approach, that was popularly and instant communication between cultures. In this
called “the surge,” introducing a sharply increased mili- emerging multicultural society it seems both appropri-
tary force and a new counter-insurgence strategy. It was ate and necessary to recognize how Western civilization
so successful that the Western allies chose to withdraw has throughout its history interacted with other cul-
their combat troops and leave the remaining fighting to tures, both influencing and being influenced by them.
the new Iraqi government. With fewer troops and a less For this reason, there is a chapter that focuses on the
clear commitment the Americans undertook a similar nineteenth-century European age of imperialism. Fur-
“surge” using a similar plan in Afghanistan. The effort ther examples of Western interaction with other parts
met with considerable success, but the prospect of con- of the world, such as with Islam, appear throughout the
tinued fighting and diminishing support by the engaged text. To further highlight the theme of cultural interac-
Western powers left the future of their efforts to clear tion, The Western Heritage includes a series of compara-
the region of terrorist bases uncertain. tive essays, “The West & the World.”
New challenges arose in still another area involving In this edition as in past editions, our goal has been
important Western interests: the Middle East. Insurrec- to present Western civilization fairly, accurately, and
tions against well-established autocracies in Libya and in a way that does justice to this great, diverse legacy
Egypt drew support in different degrees from members of human enterprise. History has many facets, no sin-
of NATO. Both nations succeeded in removing dicta- gle one of which can alone account for the others. Any
torial rulers, but the character of the new regimes and attempt to tell the story of the West from a single over-
their relationship with the West remains uncertain. arching perspective, no matter how timely, is bound
The authors of this volume continue to believe that to neglect or suppress some important parts of this
the heritage of Western civilization remains a major story. Like all other authors of introductory texts, we
point of departure for understanding and defining the have had to make choices, but we have attempted to
challenges of our time. The spread of its interests and provide the broadest possible introduction to Western
influence throughout the world has made the West a civilization.
crucial part of the world’s economy and a major player
on the international scene. This book aims to introduce
its readers to the Western heritage so that they may be ▼ Goals of the Text
better-informed and more culturally sensitive citizens
of the increasingly troubled and challenging global age. Our primary goal has been to present a strong, clear, nar-
Since The Western Heritage first appeared, we have rative account of the central developments in Western
sought to provide our readers with a work that does jus- history. We have also sought to call attention to certain
tice to the richness and variety of Western civilization critical themes:
xxi
xxii ■ PREFACE
s The capacity of Western civilization, from the time of change. We cannot fully grasp our own approach to the
the Greeks to the present, to transform itself through world without understanding the religious and intel-
self-criticism. lectual currents of the past and how they have influ-
s The development in the West of political freedom, enced our thoughts and conceptual categories. We seek
constitutional government, and concern for the rule to recognize the impact of religion in the expansion of
of law and individual rights. the West, including the settlement of the Americas in
s The shifting relations among religion, society, and the the sixteenth century and the role of missionaries in
state. nineteenth-century Western imperialism.
s The development of science and technology and
their expanding impact on Western thought, social Clarity and Accessibility Good narrative history
institutions, and everyday life. requires clear, vigorous prose. As with earlier editions,
s The major religious and intellectual currents that we have paid careful attention to our writing, subjecting
have shaped Western culture. every paragraph to critical scrutiny. Our goal has been to
make the history of the West accessible to students with-
We believe that these themes have been fundamental out compromising vocabulary or conceptual level. We
in Western civilization, shaping the past and exerting a hope this effort will benefit both instructors and students.
continuing influence on the present.
Here are just some of the changes that can be found s New Document: John Stuart Mill Advocates Inde-
in the Eleventh Edition of The Western Heritage: pendence
s New Closer Look feature focusing on the painting
Chapter 13
titled The Insurrection of the Decembrists at Senate
s New Document: An Account of the Execution of Square, St. Petersburg on 14th December, 1825, by
Charles I Karl Kolman
Chapter 14 Chapter 21
s New Document: Man: A Mean between Nothing and s Expanded coverage of the revolutions that occurred in
Everything 1848 and of nationalist movements.
Chapter 16 s New Document: A Czech Nationalist Defends the
Austrian Empire
s Expanded coverage of slavery and racism as well as the
wars of the mid-eighteenth century. Chapter 22
s New Document: Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense” s Expanded coverage of the aftermath of the Crimean
Chapter 17 War and of Italian and German unification, and greatly
expanded coverage of the Habsburg Empire.
s Extensive new coverage of Enlightenment attitudes s New Map of Crimea has been added to the chapter
toward Islam and a new discussion of Immanuel Kant s New Map showing nationalities within the Habsburg
and his ideas. Empire has been added to the chapter
s Expanded coverage of the philosophes, particularly in s New Document: Mark Twain Describes the Austrian
regard to patronage. Parliament
s Revised discussion of the Jewish Enlightenment. s New Closer Look feature focusing on a painting by
s New Document: Du Châtelet Explains Happiness Albert Rieger titled The Suez Canal
Scientifically
Chapter 18 Chapter 23
s New coverage of U.S. attitudes toward the French s New subsection on the influence of the British Suf-
Revolution. frage movement abroad, particularly in the United
s Expanded coverage of taxation by the monarchy, States.
particularly in regard to its impact on peasants. s Expanded coverage of women and gender.
s New Closer Look feature focusing on a late eighteenth- s New Documents: Praise and Concerns Regarding Rail-
century cartoon satirizing the French social and way Travel, A Doctor Learns How to Prevent Childbed
political structure Fever
s New Document: A Nation at Arms Chapter 24
Chapter 19 s Darwin’s significance in regard to thought about evo-
s Coverage of the Haitian Revolution was moved from lution and natural selection is placed within a more
Chapter 20 to Chapter 19 in the new edition. realistic context by emphasizing predecessors and
s A new discussion of Mary Godwin Shelley. contemporaries that arrived at similar conclusions.
s Expanded coverage of the Romantic movement and its s Expanded coverage of the Kulturkampf in Germany.
origins, with a particular focus on writers of the period, s Coverage of the Dreyfus Affair was moved from
and expanded coverage of British naval supremacy as Chapter 22 to Chapter 24 in the new edition.
evidenced during the Battle of Trafalgar. s New Document: Herzl Advocates Jewish Nationalism
s New Documents: Napoleon Announces His Seizure of s New Closer Look feature examining the 19th century
Power, Mary Shelley Remembers the Birth of a Mon- revival in popular religiosity, and in particular in the
ster, A Polish Legionnaire Recalls Guerilla Warfare in practice of pilgrimage
Spain [part of the Compare & Connect feature]
Chapter 25
Chapter 20
s New section on women’s involvement in missionary
s The entire chapter has been completely reorganized to activity.
create a more logical sequence of topics. s Expanded coverage of the Berlin Conference and of
s Coverage of Classical Economics was moved from U.S. efforts to acquire the rights to build and control
Chapter 21 to Chapter 20 in the new edition. the Panama Canal.
s New coverage of the relationship of nationalism to s New Document: Gandhi Questions the Value of English
liberalism. Civilization
xxiv ■ PREFACE
— Aika veitikka olet, kun panit pojalle noin hassun nimen. Mutta
odotapa, tyttöseni, jahka vielä synnytät miehellesi tytönkin, niin
annan sille nimen, joka ontuu ainakin yhtä pahasti kuin sinun
antamasi nimi. Hänen nimensä olkoon Helena Irene Stella.
Näin oli Stella vastannut ja siihen nyt jätämme heidät. Jos heille on
syntynyt useampia lapsia kuin yksi, niin on luultavaa, että joku niistä
on saanut Erkin mainitsemat nimet.
*****
— Eiköhän ilma näin illalla jo käy liika viileäksi, sanoi hän, tässä
tuon sinulle saalin, kääri edes se ympärillesi. Mitenkä laitasi on,
armaani? Miksi olet pyrkinyt yksinäisyyteen ja tullut tänne kylmälle
kivelle istumaan?
Irene jatkoi:
*****
*****
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