Engineering Services (Main)
Examination, 2024 SGSE-T-ETE
ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
PAPER—II
Time Allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 300
QUESTION PAPER SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS
Please read each of the following instructions carefully
before attempting questions
‘There are EIGHT questions divided in TWO Sections.
Candidate has to attempt FIVE questions in all.
Question Nos. 1 and § are compulsory and out of the remaining, THREE are to be
attempted choosing at least ONE question from each Section.
The number of marks carried by a question/part is indicated against it.
Wherever any assumptions are made for answering a question, they must be clearly
indicated.
Diagrams/Figures, wherever required, shall be drawn in the space provided for answering
the question itself.
Unless otherwise mentioned, symbols and notations have their usual standard meanings.
Attempts of questions shall be counted in sequential order. Unless struck off, attempt of a
question shall be counted even if attempted partly.
Any page or portion of the page left blank in the Question-cum-Answer (QCA) Booklet
must be clearly struck off.
Answers must be written in ENGLISH only.
SGSE-T-ETE/72 1 [P.T.0.1. (a) An angle-modulated signal has the form
u(t) = 100cos|2nf,t +4 sin 2000nt]
where f, =10 MHz.
() Determine the average transmitted power.
(i) Determine the peak phase and frequency deviation.
(ii) Is this FM or PM signal? Explain. 4+4+2=10
(2) A unity feedback control system has the open-loop transfer function
K
O89 - Sasa)
The system is critically damped and the steady-state error is 0'5 when unit
ramp input is applied. Find out the natural frequency of the system. 10
() With respect to cache memory organization, describe the importance of cache
addressing models, considering physical address cache, virtual address cache
and aliasing problem. Write a block schematic depicting memory hierarchy for
a shared memory multiprocessor. 5+5-10
(@) For an air-filled coaxial transmission line, the outer radius of the inner
conductor is 1 mm and the inner radius of the outer conductor is 4 mm. The
outer conductor thickness is 0-6 mm and all conductors have conductivity
¢ =1-6x107 S/m. Find the inductance L and capacitance C per unit length.
What will be the resistance per unit length at an operating frequency of
2:5 GHz? The value of ¢g =8-854x107!? F/m and fig =4" 1077 H/m. 10
(e) Design 4-to-1 multiplexer using domino logic. 10
0) Asilicon p-i-n photodiode in an optical receiver receives a peak optical power at
1300 nm. The diode has a quantum efficiency of 50% and delivers electrical
power to a load of 8k If the diode receives a peak power of -30 dBm,
calculate the thermal noise and shot noise if the bandwidth of operation is
8 MHz, The dark current value = 5 nA.
[e=1-6x10"'9C, h=6-63x10™* J-s, c=3x108 m/s, ky =1-38x10-*? J/K] 19
SGSE-T-ETE/72 22. (a) A zero mean Gaussian noise n() has power spectral density Sy(f) as shown
below :
Swf)
No
a
bio?
ja
fo °
() Plot the power spectral density of in-phase and quadrature components
of ff.
(i) Find the probability density function of the envelope of nif 10+10=20
(b) A control system is represented by the signal flow graph shown below :
( Determine the overall system gain # if K =1, Ky =5 and Ky =5.
(i) Find the sensitivity of the system to changes in K, for @=0. 10+10=20
() Explain the following terms associated with virtual memory : 5*4=20
() Address spaces
(i) Address mapping
(ii) Private virtual memory
(iv) Shared virtual memory
SGSE-T-ETE/72 3 [P.T.0.3. (a) An AM signal has a form
u(t) = [20 +2cos3000nt +10cos6000nt}cos2nf,t
where f, =105 Hz.
() Sketch the voltage spectrum of u(t).
(i) Determine the power in each of the frequency components.
(ii) Determine the modulation index.
fiv) Determine the sideband power and total power.
(v) Determine the transmission efficiency. 4x5=20
() Sketch the Nyquist plot and conclude on closed-loop stability of the following
open-loop transfer function of unity feedback control system : 20
K
ag = —*_
s(s? +s+4)
() i Define and differentiate between the following types of databases
(1) Relational databases
(2) Object-oriented databases
(3) NoSQL databases
Discuss the key characteristics of each database type, highlighting their
strength and weaknesses. 5+5=10
(i) Over the years, several protocol standards for I/O have emerged, with USB
becoming most popular. Give at least five reasons to justify this statement.
With the help of a block schematic, explain the working of a DMA
controller. 4+6=10
4. (a) (i) Analog voice frequency signal band-limited to 4kHz is sampled at
1-25 times the Nyquist rate. The samples are quantized and encoded using
N-bit PCM. Find the minimum WN to have an average signal to quantization
noise ratio of at least 40 dB. What is the minimum storage capacity
needed to accommodate the digitized signal if the total duration of the
voice frequency signal is 10 seconds? Also find the information rate of the
source if all the quantization levels are equally likely and statistically
independent. 10
(i) Obtain and draw the PSK signal constellations for the value of M=2, 4
and 8, if all have same transmitted signal energy E,. Determine the
minimum distance between the adjacent signal points. For M=8,
determine by how many dB the transmitted signal energy E, must be
increased to achieve the same dmj, as M=4. 10
SGSE-T-ETE/72 4(b) Design a proportional plus integral (PI) controller so that the system having
transfer function
will have closed-loop poles at s=-0-5 and -1. 20
() (@ Explain the following terms associated with computer security : 10
Breach of confidentiality, breach of integrity, breach of availability,
theft of service and denial of service
(i) If an instruction set architecture is to prevail, it must be designed to
survive rapid changes in computer technology. An architect must plan for
technology changes that can increase the lifetime of successful computer.
With respect to this, discuss and analyze the following trends: 4+3+3=10
(1) Implementation technologies
(2) Performance trends, bandwidth and latency
(3) Power and energy in integrated circuits
SECTION—B
5. (a) A parabolic index profile graded index fiber has a core diameter of 62-5 um,
numerical aperture of 0-275. Determine its normalized frequency at a
wavelength of 850 nm and calculate the number of guided modes that can
propagate through this optical fiber. 10
(6) The characteristic equation of a closed-loop control system is given by
s® +s5 +3s* +3s° +3s? +2s+1=0
Determine the number of right-half s-plane roots, left-half s-plane roots and
roots on the imaginary axis. 10
() ( Calculate the number of memory chips needed to design 8K-byte memory
if the memory chip size is 10241.
(i) The memory address of the last location of an 8K-byte memory chip is
FFFF in hexadecimal system. Find the starting address. 5+5=10
(@) A dipole antenna of length 0-022 has a linear current distribution with peak
current Ip occurring at the center of the dipole. Determine Ip required to
provide a radiation field amplitude of 100 microvolts per meter at a distance of
500 mat 6 = - What will be the total average power radiated at this current? |
SGSE-T-ETE/72 5 [P.T.0.(e) An analog filter is characterized as
H()=
(s+2)?
Design the corresponding IIR filter if the sampling frequency is 10 Hz, using
impulse invariance method. 10
@ (@ What is the purpose of using directional couplers in microwave
communication systems? With the help of a schematic diagram, explain
the working of a two-hole waveguide directional coupler.
(i) For a pyramidal horn antenna, define gain and beamwidth. If the
operating frequency is 10 GHz and a horn antenna has a height of 10 cm
and a width of 12 cm, calculate the beamwidth and gain, taking the value
of k=0-5. 6+4=10
6. (a) 60 MHz uniform plane wave is propagating in a lossless medium with e,
and p, =4.
() Determine the phase constant B, wavelength 2 and phase velocity vp for
the wave.
(i) This wave is normally incident onto another medium having conductivity
0 =4S/m, ¢, =80 and »,=1. The second medium is assumed to be
good conductor at 60 MHz. Determine the fractions of the incident
power that are reflected and transmitted. 6+14=20
(b) Write an 8085A program to exchange the higher and lower nibble of ten 8-bit
numbers stored from location 2200H. Make use of subroutine and explain
parameter passing using pointer and stack techniques. 20
(c) (Receiving antenna and input RF amplifier are the most crucial areas of a
ground receiver in a satellite communication system. Write a typical block
diagram considering the receive-only TV (ROTV) converter and indicate the
various aspects with typical numerical values of frequencies. 10
(i) Highlight the importance of power budget and rise-time budget in the
design of optical communication systems. What are the three factors that
limit the transmission distance, when the link lengths are long or data
transmission rates are high?
Show how maximum link length is determined for RZ coding and NRZ
coding, considering material dispersion. 3+2+5=10
SGSE-T-ETE/72 67. (a) A lossless transmission line of length 0-84 and characteristic impedance
Zo =75Q operating at 60 MHz has velocity on the line 3x10® m/s.
(If the line is short circuited at the load end, find the input impedance Zin.
At what distance closest to the short-circuited end is the impedance seen
zero?
(i) If the short circuit is replaced by a load Z, =60- j40Q, determine the
input impedance Zin, reflection coefficient ! and standing wave ratio
(SWR). Determine the power delivered to the load if a source of 10 volts
r.m.s. with series impedance Z, = 75 Q is connected at the input.
10+10=20
(») What is essential hazard? Find the hazard-free realization circuit for the
following function :
fla, bc ad=Lmi, 5, 7, 14, 15) 5+5=10
() ( Suppose that a 1 MHz channel can support a 1 Mbps transmission rate.
‘The channel is to be shared by 10 stations. Each station receives frames
with an exponential interarrival rate of 2 = 500 frames/s and frames are of
constant length L = 1000 bits. Compare the total frame delay of a system
that uses FDMA to a system that uses TDMA.
Compare IS-54 and GSM in terms of their ability to handle speech and the
effect on spectrum efficiency. 10+6+4=20
(i) What are the salient features of 802.11 wireless LAN standard? Write the
architecture and protocol stack of 802.11 and highlight the major issues.
Comment on the physical layer aspects of 802.11. 3+5+2=10
8. (a) An air-filled rectangular waveguide has dimensions a = 2-4 cm and b=1-2.cm.
() Over what range of frequencies will this guide operate single mode?
(i) This air-filled waveguide is joined end-to-end with another waveguide of
identical dimension. The second waveguide is filled with a lossless
dielectric of relative permittivity e,. Find the maximum allowable value of
e, such that single-mode operation can be simultaneously ensured in both
waveguides. What will be the range of frequencies for single-mode
operation if ¢, is chosen to be equal to half of the maximum allowable
value? 8+12=20
() (i) In a CMOS logic circuit, assume that Vpp =1-8V, load capacitance
Cy =0-1 pF, L,=Lp=2A, W,=184 and W,=42A. Using 0-18um
parameters, K, =96 wA/V?, Kp =48 HA/V? and Vp, = IV;,, [= 0-4 V, find
the propagation delays tp, and tp. 14
SGSE-T-ETE/72 7 [P.T.0.(i) Find the z-transform of the following composite signal and determine the
region of convergence : 6
xin)= Gy uinsa(-2)" ufn
() (The main ingredients of a good routing algorithm depend on the objective
function that one is trying to optimize. In this background, list and explain
the goals that a routing algorithm should seek in general.
How are routing algorithms classified? Distinguish between link state
routing and distance vector routing, 6+4=10
(i) What are application protocols with respect to TCP? Show schematically
how file transfer occurs using FTP.
What are the three default specifications which must be supported in
every FTP implementation? 2+5+3=10
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SGSE-T-ETE/72 8 SB24—768