CORE JAVA

MANUAL V8.3

MODULE CODE:
DL.A.01.01

ANUDIP FOUNDATION
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Manual Core Java

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Manual Core Java

Module 2: Object Oriented Programming and Package

Chapter 3

Objective: After completing this lesson you will be Materials Required:

Theory Duration: 60 minutes Practical Duration: 60 minutes

Total Duration: 120 minutes

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Chapter 3

3.1 Interface

An interface in Java is an abstract type for defining the behavior of classes. It states what action a class must perform,

and how. A Java interface can be considered as the blueprint of a class. It specifies the methods to be implemented

by a class. Interface methods are abstract by default as they only contain method signatures.

Interface is utilized for achieving complete abstraction, to selectively show and hide object properties from users.

Methods within an interface are public, abstract and contain empty bodies.

An interface is declared with the ‘interface’ keyword in Java. A class has to implement all methods of an interface

to implement it. Interfaces cannot be used to instantiate (incorporate) variables.

Syntax:

interface <interface_name> {

Example of Interface:

import java.io.*;

interface in1

{
final int a = 5;

void display();

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class testClass implements in1

{
public void display()

{
System.out.println("Boy");

public static void main (String[] args)

{
testClass t = new testClass();

t.display();

System.out.println(a);

}
}
Output:

Boy
5

Reasons for using interface in Java -

* To achieve full abstraction

* To achieve loose coupling

* To achieve multiple inheritance, which Java does not support by default

* Preferred over abstract classes as interfaces contain public, static and final variables. Abstract classes have non-final

variables.

3.2 Aggregation

In Java, association refers to the relationship between two classes. A class can be associated with another through its

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objects. Through association, one object can establish a connection to another and use the latter’s features.

‘Aggregation’ is a type of association that represents a Has-A relationship. It is a one-way association. An example

of this relationship is the one between ‘bag’ and ‘coins’. The relationship is one-way because the bag has coins

but the coins do not require the bag to exist. So, the coins class can exist even if the bag class ceases to exist.

An aggregate class possesses a reference to another class and gains ownership of the class. Aggregation is mainly

used for enabling code reusability.

Example of the aggregation program:

class Table{
public void show(){

System.out.println("exhibit table details.");

}
}

public class Room {

Table obj = new Table();

obj.show();

}
}

Output:

Exhibit table details

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Practical (60 minutes)

See the example programme of Java interface below. Write a similar programme for the object Boy and value of int

b = 7. Write it again for the object Girl and the value of int c=9. Show the resulting outputs.

import java.io.*;

interface in1

{
final int a = 5;

void display();

class testClass implements in1

{
public void display()

{
System.out.println("Boy");

public static void main (String[] args)

{
testClass t = new testClass();

t.display();

System.out.println(a);

}
}

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Instructions: The progress of students will be assessed with the exercises mentioned below.

MCQ

1. An interface is an ________ type in Java.

a) absolute

b) abstract

c) aggregate

d) None of the mentioned

2. A Java specifies the _________ to be implemented by a class

a) methods

b) codes

c) data types

d) None of the mentioned

3. What is the default nature of Interface methods?

a) abstract

b) absolute

c) assimilated

d) None of the mentioned

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4. Methods within an interface contain _________ bodies.

a) empty

b) semi-full

c) full

d) None of the mentioned

5. Which keyword specifies an interface in Java?

a) int

b) interface

c) intersect

d) None of the mentioned

6. Interfaces cannot be used to ___________ variables.

a) re-process

b) insinuate

c) instantiate

d) None of the mentioned

7. Interface is utilized for achieving _________ abstraction.

a) complete

b) semi-full

c) incomplete

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d) None of the mentioned

8. Interfaces contain ____________, static and final variables.

a) private

b) public

c) hybrid

d) None of the mentioned

9. What type of relationship does aggregation represent?

a) Had-A

b) Has-A

c) Have-A

d) None of the mentioned

10. Aggregation is mainly used for enabling code _____________.

a) reusability

b) rejection

c) redevelopment

d) None of the mentioned