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    Assignment 2 PISS

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    Assignment 2 Principles of security

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    Assignment 2 PISS

    Uploaded by

    gladyswendy571
    6 views2 pages
    Assignment 2 Principles of security

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    Assignment 2 Principles of security

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    6 views2 pages

    Assignment 2 PISS

    Uploaded by

    gladyswendy571
    Assignment 2 Principles of security

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Principles of Info.Sys.

    Security Assignment 2 (5 Marks)


    14/10/2023
    Instructions: *Submission Deadline: 10/11/2023

    1. Discuss Cryptography and include the following Cipher algorithms

    a) Classical Cipher - Substitution cipher, Transposition cipher

    b) Modern Cipher - Private key and Public Key

    Block cipher and Stream cipher

    Cryptography is the science and art of securing information by converting it into a code that is
    difficult for unauthorized individuals to understand. It plays a fundamental role in ensuring the
    confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of data in various communication and storage systems.
    Cryptographic algorithms are classified into classical and modern ciphers, and among modern
    ciphers, we have private key and public key cryptography, as well as block and stream ciphers.

    Classical Ciphers:

    a) Substitution Cipher:

    Substitution ciphers replace each letter in the plaintext with another letter or symbol. The most
    common type is the Caesar cipher, where each letter is shifted a fixed number of positions in the
    alphabet.

    Example: If you shift each letter in the alphabet 3 positions to the right, 'A' becomes 'D,' 'B'
    becomes 'E,' and so on.

    b) Transposition Cipher:

    Transposition ciphers rearrange the order of the letters in the plaintext without changing the
    actual letters themselves. They are often implemented using a specific pattern or key.

    Example: In a simple transposition cipher, the letters in the plaintext "HELLO WORLD" might
    be rearranged to "OLLRWEHLOD."

    Modern Ciphers:
    Modern ciphers are more secure and complex than classical ciphers. They are categorized into
    private key (symmetric) and public key (asymmetric) cryptography, as well as block and stream
    ciphers.

    a) Private Key Cipher (Symmetric Cipher):

    Private key cryptography uses the same key for both encryption and decryption. The primary
    goal is to maintain the confidentiality of data.

    Block Cipher: Block ciphers operate on fixed-size blocks of data (e.g., 128 bits). They use the
    same key to encrypt and decrypt data in these fixed blocks. Common block ciphers include AES
    (Advanced Encryption Standard) and DES (Data Encryption Standard).

    Stream Cipher: Stream ciphers, on the other hand, encrypt data one bit or byte at a time. They
    use a key stream to XOR with the plaintext to produce ciphertext. Popular stream ciphers include
    RC4 and Salsa20.

    b) Public Key Cipher (Asymmetric Cipher):

    Public key cryptography uses two mathematically related keys: a public key for encryption and a
    private key for decryption. The primary purpose is to enable secure key exchange and digital
    signatures.

    Public key cryptography is often used in digital certificates, SSL/TLS for secure web
    communication, and for secure email communication.

    Popular algorithms include RSA, DSA, and ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography).

    In summary, cryptography plays a critical role in securing data and communications. Classical
    ciphers like substitution and transposition are educational examples of simple encryption
    techniques. Modern cryptography has evolved to provide stronger and more secure methods,
    including both private key (symmetric) and public key (asymmetric) encryption. Block ciphers
    and stream ciphers are the two primary techniques used in private key cryptography. Public key
    cryptography enables secure key exchange and digital signatures and is widely used in secure
    communication protocols.

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