Pediatric Skills For Occupational Therapy Assistants 4th Edition Solomon Test Bank All Chapters
Pediatric Skills For Occupational Therapy Assistants 4th Edition Solomon Test Bank All Chapters
Pediatric Skills For Occupational Therapy Assistants 4th Edition Solomon Test Bank All Chapters
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Chapter 07: Development of Performance Skills
Solomon: Pediatric Skills for Occupational Therapy Assistants, 4th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. According to the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework (OTPF), which term refers to a
child’s gross motor, fine motor, process, and social interaction?
a. Areas of occupation
b. Client factors
c. Performance contexts
d. Performance skills
ANS: D
In the OTPF, the performance skills are motor skills (gross and fine motor skills), process
skills (cognition), and social interaction skills (language and psychosocial).
REF: p. 78
2. In which period (other than fetal growth) is physical growth most rapid?
a. Birth to 6 months
b. Middle childhood
c. Preschool
d. Puberty
ANS: A
During the first year, infants triple their body weight and their height increases by 10-12
inches. Their body shape changes, and by 4 months the sizes of their heads and bodies are
more proportionate. By 12 months, average infants weigh 21-22 lb and are 29-30 inches tall.
REF: p. 80
REF: p. 80
5. Kelly is a 3-month-old infant. As you observe her, you notice that her eyes are open, they
are bright and shining, and she can track moving objects with her eyes. You would likely
classify Kelly into which of the following infant states?
a. Alert, active, and awake
b. Drowsy
c. Light sleep
d. Equilibrium
ANS: A
Brazelton and Nugent identified six behavioral states observed in the newborn: (a) deep
sleep; (b) light sleep; (c) drowsy or semidozing; (d) alert, actively awake; (e) fussy; and (f)
crying. The infant’s state should be noted when observing the way he or she responds to
stimulation.
REF: p. 85
6. Daniel continually drops various objects from his high chair and is fascinated by watching
the objects fall. Daniel is likely at what stage of Piaget’s sensorimotor period?
a. Invention of New Means through Mental Combinations
b. Tertiary Circular Reactions
c. Primary Circular Reactions
d. Secondary Circular Reactions
ANS: B
During the stage called tertiary circular reactions, he or she repeatedly attempts a task and
modifies the behavior to achieve the desired consequences. The repetition helps the infant
understand the concept of cause-effect relationships.
REF: p. 87
REF: p. 80
REF: p. 80
9. At what age are infants able to transfer objects from one hand to the other?
a. 3 months
b. 5-6 months
c. 9 months
d. 12 months
ANS: B
A 6-month-old infant uses a radial palmar grasp (in which the object is held between the
thumb and the radial side of the palm) (Fig. 7-3, B) to transfer objects from hand to hand in
a one-stage process (with the taking hand and releasing hand executing the transfer
simultaneously).
REF: p. 84
10. Children in middle childhood experience a growth in vocabulary and language, in part due
to the focus on reading. This is evident in children’s ability to use all of the following except
a. puns and figures of speech.
b. jokes based on words with double meanings.
c. secret languages with their friends.
d. abstract language such as debating.
ANS: D
During middle childhood, the vocabulary of children expands, partly as a result of their
focus on reading. Puns and figures of speech become meaningful, and children’s jokes are
based on the dual meaning of words, slang, curse words, colloquialisms, and secret
languages.
REF: p. 92
REF: p. 94
REF: p. 94
13. Which reflex involves a child making subtle changes in muscle tone or movement to remain
in an upright position?
a. Protective extension
b. Righting
c. Equilibrium
d. Moro
ANS: C
Equilibrium reactions are automatic, compensatory movements of the body parts that are
used to maintain the center of gravity over the base of support when either the center of
gravity or the supporting surface is displaced. These complex postural responses combine
righting reactions with movements known as rotational and diagonal patterns.
REF: p. 80
14. What age range most closely represents an infant who is able to roll from prone to supine,
get into a quadruped position, has complete head control and transfers objects from hand to
hand while in supine, reaches with one hand, uses radial palmar grasp, and reaches to be
picked up?
a. 1-2 months
b. 6-8 months
c. 9-12 months
d. 13-18 months
ANS: B
At 6 months an infant has complete head control, possesses equilibrium reactions, begins
assuming quadruped position, rolls from prone to supine position, and bounces while
standing. At 6 months an infant transfers objects from hand to hand while in supine position,
shifts weight and reaches with one hand while in prone position, and reaches with one hand
and supports self with other while seated. The 6-month infant reaches to be picked up, uses
radial palmar grasp, begins to use thumb while grasping, shows visual interest in small
objects, rakes small objects, and begins to hold objects in one hand. From 7-9 months the
infant shifts weight and reaches while in quadruped position, creeps, develops extension,
flexion, and rotation movements, and increases the number of activities that can be
accomplished while seated. The 7-9-month infant reaches with supination, uses index finger
to poke objects, uses inferior scissors grasp to pick up small objects, uses radial digital grasp
to pick up cube, and displays voluntary releases abilities.
REF: p. 92
15. A child turns to respond to his name being called; he questions rules of the game; and he
shows that he is having fun while playing the game. What type of performance skills does
this illustrate?
a. motor
b. process
c. social interaction
d. behavioral
ANS: C
Social interaction skills refer to those actions involved with engaging in activities with
another person. Communication and language skills are considered part of social interaction
skills. Social interaction skills include the following observable actions: approaches/starts,
concludes/disengages, produces speech, gesticulates (uses socially appropriate gestures),
speaks fluently, turns toward, looks, places self, touches, regulates, questions, replies,
discloses, expresses emotion, disagrees, thanks, transitions, times response, times duration,
matches language, clarifies, acknowledges and encourages, empathizes, heeds,
accommodates, and benefits.”
REF: p. 84
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with a very full and choice cargo of heavenly wares, with your top-
gallant sails flying, and shouting from every quarter, Grace! grace!
earnestly prays, my very dear friends,
G. W.
LETTER MCCCCXXX.
To Mr. R―― K――n.
G. W.
LETTER MCCCCXXXI.
To Mr. G――d.
Adieu. God bless you and yours. Hearty love to all that are so kind
as to enquire after and pray for me. Pray go to Dr. G――ns, and tell
him I hope he got home well. I had a pleasant season at Deal with
him and some other servants of our common Lord. What will
heaven be? I am lost in contemplation of it. And therefore must
hasten to subscribe ♦myself, dear Mr. G――d,
G. W.
LETTER MCCCCXXXII.
To Mr. R―― K――n.
G. W.
LETTER MCCCCXXXIII.
To Mr. S―― S――.
I MUST not leave sight of the Downs, without sending you a few
grateful, sympathizing, parting lines. I know in what a situation
they will find you, filling up the measure of Christ’s sufferings which
are behind. Amazing! even bodily sufferings, when brought on by
working for Him, he accounts his own.
He knows what this temptation means,
What a mercy this, when wearisome nights and days are appointed
for us! O that patience may have its perfect work in our souls! It will,
it shall. Faithful is he that hath promised, who also will do it. Fine
sayings these for an old weather-beaten almost worn-out pilgrim, just
on his entrance upon a new voyage. But Ebenezer! Ebenezer! He
that hath helped and delivered twelve times, will not fail the
thirteenth.
O help my unbelief!
G. W.
LETTER MCCCCXXXIV.
To Mr. R―― H――n.
I have no doubt, but this will be the happy lot of your dear yoke-
fellow. At present she walks in darkness, and sees no light. But God
will lighten her darkness, and the days of her mourning shall be
ended. Beg her to accept my most sincere and sympathetic
salutations; and assure yourselves, that neither of you are forgotten
in the poor prayers of, my dear friends,
G. W.
LETTER MCCCCXXXV.
To Mr. R―― K――n.
Hallelujah!
I wish this may be the last letter, any may receive dated at the
Downs, from, my very dear Sir,
G. W.
LETTER MCCCCXXXVI.
To Mr. John W――r.
My dear Friend,
I MUST not forget you and your dear yoke-fellow, whom I cannot but
number amongst my old first friends and children. I hope this will
find bodily pain subsided, or grace given to make it more than
tolerable. Little do we know what trials await the declines of life. But
these are like the finishing strokes of a limner’s hand before the
picture is sent for home. Yet a little while, and it shall be hung up in
God’s house above, as a trophy of the Redeemer’s blood and Spirit,
to be admired for ever and ever.
O heights of grace!
O depths of love!
Adieu! God bless you and yours and all your connections. The post-
boat is come. Though detained in the Downs, yet I hope we are
sailing to heaven. Hallelujah! Cease not to pray for, my dear friends,
G. W.
LETTER MCCCCXXXVII.
To Mr. G――, and to all in conference.
G. W.
LETTER MCCCCXXXVIII.
To Mr. J――s.
G. W.
LETTER MCCCCXXXIX.
To Mr. B――s.
T HOUGH my hands and heart were too full, to come and give you
personal thanks on shore, be pleased to accept my most
grateful acknowledgments for your kind present, and yet kinder
letter, now I am on board. I know your heart is formed for friendship,
and therefore some kind of trials of the affectionate kind, must make
such impressions, as persons of leaden souls and iron bodies, are
utter strangers to. What a mercy, that we have a compassionate
High-Priest to apply to, who is most sensibly touched with a feeling
of our infirmities!
I write this out of the fulness of my heart. Old friendship more than
revives. God bless you, and all your near and dear connections!
Through infinite mercy, this leaves me comforted on every side. I
want a thousand tongues to praise Him whose mercy endureth for
ever, and in whom I am, my very dear Sir,
G. W.
LETTER MCCCCXL.
To Mr. R―― K――n.
G. W.
G. W.
¹ The very same censures are too justly applicable to the
volume of sermons, now published by Mr. Gurney, as Mr.
Whitefield’s.――Relying on the accuracy of the shorthand-
writer, and on the fidelity of the reverend gentleman who
was to revise the sermons, and on their joint regard for the
memory of Mr. Whitefield, his executors did agree to
recommend the intended publication, and promote its sale;
for which, a consideration was to be paid by Mr. Gurney,
to be applied by them, according to the tenor of Mr.
Whitefield’s Will. But on their receiving nine of the
sermons, (worked off) to their great surprise, they found
themselves, after perusal, unable to authenticate them,
either as to language or sentiments; therefore judged them
utterly unfit for publication, and told Mr. Gurney, that on no
consideration whatever, could they recommend them to
the public. The executors are extremely concerned on Mr.
Gurney’s account, as well as for the character of their late
worthy friend; and now wish that they had not rested with
the hearing only one half-sheet read to them, but had
insisted on seeing the whole Manuscript, and every sheet
from the press. However, though Mr. Gurney ought to
have stopped the press when first applied to, and although
the agreement was never signed by either of the parties,
the executors have repeatedly offered, that, besides
chearfully renouncing all advantages, they will pay
whatever expences Mr. Gurney hath been at in the affair,
and so take and burn the whole impression; as otherwise
the purchasers must be deceived, and the name of the
deceased sorely wounded.
LETTER MCCCCXLI.
To Mr. R―― K――n.
My dear Friend,
G. W.
Charles-Town, December 1.
LETTER MCCCCXLII.
To Miss H――y.
Charles-Town, South-Carolina,
December 6, 1769.
Dear Madam,
S HALL I promise, and not perform? God forbid! You have one of
my first letters since our arrival. The long passage made shore
more agreeable. Miss H――y knows how to apply such an account.
All we meet with here, will be sweetly overruled to render heaven,
and a sight of Jesus in the heaven of heavens, more delightful. I am
in hopes, by this last week’s preaching, that some South-Carolina
souls are beginning to look heavenwards. Grace! grace! In a day or
two, God willing, we shall move to Bethesda. Mr. W――t is come to
meet me, and tells me all is in great forwardness there. Ere long the
top-stone of a building not made with hands will be brought forth.
How many of your beloved family will join the shout, crying, Grace,
grace unto it! Most cordial and due respects attend them all. God be
praised, heaven is in sight. Jesus is our pilot: he will steer us safe
over every bar; even over the last bar, Death. Then will we sing,
G. W.
LETTER MCCCCXLIII.
To Mr. R―― K――n.
I hope you and yours are helped to possess your souls in patience.
God bless and reward you! Grace, mercy, and peace be multiplied
upon you and yours! All join in sending due and cordial respects. O
give thanks unto the Lord, for his mercy endureth for ever. Brethren,
pray for us. Tender love to all. Your letter to me by Anderson, I have
not yet received. Blessed be God, I am in health. Grace! grace! The
packet is about to be closed. Other ships are almost ready to sail. By
one or all expect to hear again from, my very dear friend,
G. W.
LETTER MCCCCXLIV.
To Mr. R―― K――n.
G. W.
LETTER MCCCCXLV.
To Mr. S―― S――.
Dear Sir,
This prospect gives songs in the night; this makes Georgia and
Bethesda to more than smile: and indeed you and yours would smile
too, were you to see what a lasting foundation is laying for the
support and education of many yet unborn. All admire the work
already done. In a few months the top-stone, I trust, will be brought
forth, with shouting, Grace! grace! In the mean while I must range
northward. I know who will follow me with their prayers; even you
and yours, whom I dearly love, and whom I salute much in the Lord.
God bless you all, for all kindnesses conferred upon, my very dear
friends,
G. W.
If I thought you did not, or would not use your globes, I would beg
them for our infant library. The increase of this colony is almost
incredible. Real good, I trust, is doing; and a blessed door is opening
for Mr. W――’s usefulness. Blessed be God! Blessed be God!