Abdomen 3
Abdomen 3
Abdomen 3
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The hepatic portal vein collects btood from the abdominal reduced in oxygen. The btood is processed through the liver
gastrointestinal tract as wetl as the spteen, pancreas, and before moving through the hepatic veins to the inferior vena
gatlbladder and carries it to the liver. This blood is rich in cava and the heart.
nutrients from absorption through the small intestines, but
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162 Abdomen
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164 Abdomen PO§TERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL
COI"OR eac h of the fotlowing structures using a different calar for each:
@ 1. Abdominal aarta: Begins at the aortic hiatus of the @ 9. Suócostalarteries: Paired arteries that arise inferior to the
diaphragm at T'12 and ends at the levet of L4 vertebra SMA and course along the inferior aspect of the l Zth rib
by dividing into the right and leftSEvrngnü¡1_ertetrlg§ @10. Mediansacralarte4y: Arises from the posterior aspect
of the aorta immediately superior to the bifurcation of
The abciominaI aorta gives rise to several branches: the aorta and descends atong the sacrum into the pelvis
@11. lnferiorvena caua; Begins anterior to the L5 vertebra
o 2. Celiactrun&: Arises immediately below the aortic hiatus by the union of the camma! iliqFvei!!§
of the diaphragm
C3" Cad¡ac ganglion: Collection of postganglionic syrn- Most veins of the posterior abdominalwa[[ drain into the
pathetic celi bodies at the base of the celiac trunk inferior vena cava:
ínvotved in sending postganglionic sympathetic fibers @12. Ríghtrenalvein
along the branches of the celiac trunk to foregut e13. Rightgonadalvein
structures and spleen C14. Lefirenal yein; Courses anterior to the aorta and
e 4" S u peri or m e se nte ri c a rteryr: Ari ses i m med iately i nferio r posterior to the SMA to drain into the inferior vena
to the celiac trunk and passes anterior to left renalvein cava. Receives the venous draÍnage of the fotlowing:
along with the third part of duodenum and uncinate C'l 5. Left gonadal vein
process of pancreas (not shown) @16. Left suprarenal vein
@ 5. lnferiarmesenüeric artery: Arises one vertebral [eve[ S17. Rightkidney: Related to the liver, duodenum, and as-
superior to the bifurcation of the aorta into the common cending coton anteriorly
iliac arteries @tA. Leftkidney: Related to the stomach, spleen, pancreas,
B 6. Renalarteries: Paired arteries that arise immediate§ jejunum, and descending colon anteriorly
inferior to the SMA and initially course posterior to the qJ19. Ureter; Muscutar ducts that run inferiorly from the
renalveins renal hilum tCI pass over the pelvic brirn into the petvis
c 7. üothat arise(testicular/ovarian)
nadal
between the
arferies: Pai red arteries to the bladder
r)ZA. Right suprarenal g{and: Pyramidat shaped; situated
renal arteries and the inferior
rnesenteric artery and course inferiorty over the superior aspect of the right kidney
@ 8. lnferiar phrenic arteries; Paired arteries that arise at the QZ1 " Lefr. su p ra re n a I g land: Crescent sha ped ; si tu ated med ial
[eve[ of the celiac trunk and course atong the inferior to the superior aspect of the teft kidney
aspect of diaphragm
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Abdomen KTDNEY
ln Figure A, a portion of the anterior aspect of the kidney has structures within the sinus. Figure B depicts a coronal section of
been removed to reveat the space of the renalsinus and the the kidney denronstratingthe internat structures ofthe kidney.
@ 1. Ffürouscapsule: Adhered to the surface of the kidney a g. Renalpelvis: Merging of ¡¡,ro to three major calyces to
;) 2. Ranalcorfe¡r: Outer portion of the kidney deep to the form the superior ditated portiCIn of the ureter within
fibrous capsule the space of the renal sinus
S l. neralcolumn:Extension of the renal cortex interiorty O10. UreterFormed by the narrowíng of the renal pelvis
between the renat medullary pyramids 6ptt. Perinephriclaf; Surrounds the kidneys, renal vessets,
f 4. Renalmedulla:lnnermost portion of the kidney usua§ and cotlecting system {illing the renal sinus
segmented
f,) 5. Renat pyramids: Typical formation of renal medulla in
between the renal columns
(} 6. Renalpapilla: Apex of the renal pyramid that protrudes kr'-If re¡. ne;is,talgertlran
and excretes urine into a minor calyx P$s¡qn. of **. n¡uccular tube
includ§s.§udd*¡
) 7. Minarca$x: First component of the co[ectingsystem y md anteÍorly with or
that forms the ureter to 85% of kidnev stones
ü 8. Majorcalyx: Merging of two to four rninor ca§ces
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ffi COIOR e ach of the following structures using a different colar for each:
; Psoas major Transverse processes of Lesser trochanter of Anterior rami of L1-13 '1.
Acting with iliacus,
¡
I
lumbar vertebrae and femur fiexes thigh
i vertebral bodies T1 2-15 2. Acting superior§,
flexes vertebrai coiumn
lateraily
i Psoas minor Vertebral bodies of Pectineal line and Anterioi rami of Ll-12 Balances the trunk with
T12-11 itiopectineal eminence psoas major
Superiortwo-thirds of Lesser trochanter of Femoralnerve (12-14) Acting with psoas majo¿
iliac fossa and ala of femur flexes thigh
sacrum
i Quadratus iurnbarurn Mediat hatf of 12th ribs lliac crest Anterior rami of T12 and Extends and laterat§
and tumbar transverse L1 -14 flexes vertebral column
processes
Nerves of Posterior Abdominal Watl (p 8. €eritof,emoralnerve: Forms f¡'om L] to 12, pierces the
@ 5. Su&costalnewe: Anterior ramus of T1Z that arises in the psoas major, courses atong its anteríor surface, and
thorax, passes posterior t o the lateral arcuate tiqament divides into qenital and femaral branehes
of the diaphragm, and courses inferotaterall_v on the $ 9. lareralcutaneausnerveofthethígá; Arises from L2 to
anterior surface of quadratus lumborum 13, runs lateratto the psoas major and atong the anterior
surface of the iliacus muscte to enter the thigh deep to
Lumbar plexus is composed of the anterior rami of Ll-14 the inguinaltigament
and forrns severat named branches: (}'10. Fentoraf,nerve: Forms from LZ to 14, runs deep to the
psoas major, and then emerges from the lateraiborder
{} 6. ttiahypagastricnerve: Branch of the anterior ramus of L1; of the psoas major to pass deep to the inguinal tigament
enters abdomen posteriorto ryegliAlarguatellqArqE rÍ to the anterior thigh
and ccurses inferolateratly on the anterior st¡rface cf OII. Obturatornerve;Arises from L2 to 14, emerges medial
the quadratus lumborum inferior to the subcostal nerve tü the psoas rnajor, and passes into the lesser petvis
Q Z ftioinguinalnervs: Branch of anterior rarnus of L1; (}12. Lumbosacraltrunk: F'órms from L4 to L5 passing over
enters abdomen posterior to medial arcuate ligarnent the ala of the sacrum, descends into the lesser pelvis,
and courses inferolateralty on the anterior surface of and participates in the sacral plexus
quadratus [umborum i¡ferior to the iiiohypogastric nerve
ABDOMEN
Aortic hiatus'
Left crus of diaphragm
Right cru§ o{
Medial arcuate
Lateral arcuate ligameni
ligament
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Subco)tol
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Psoas major
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17§ Abdomen INFERIOR VIEW OF DIAPHRACM
ffi COIOR ea ch af the fallawing structures using a different color for each:
@ 1. Centra I tendon: Central apon e u rotic porti o n s u rrou nded @ 8. Medialarcuateligament'. Thickening of fascia over the
by the muscutar portion of the diaphragm periphera[[y psoas major muscie
@ 2. Cavatopening: Aperture located in the centrattendon @ 9. latera I arcuate tigament: Thickening of fascia over the
primarily for the inferior vena cava located at the level ouadratus lumborum muscle
of the T8/9 lV disk
@ 3, fsopáagealhiatus Aperture in the muscutar portion of
the right crus at the [eve[ of T10 vertebra B,fri§,§t tikaiy to-oceur from btunt or pene-
4.
ffi Aartichiatus: Aperture posterior to the median arcuate trauma injuhes to the diaphragm are from
irllipátt"eithár distqq3 the chest walL créating
ligament of the diaphragm at the T'12 vertebra level
áad.its a-ttrchrfiants, or crcates tesrs
@ 5. Leftcrus: Musculotendinous band arising from L1 to L2 'of,ihE diapklagm; üre posterolateral wall of
vertebrae, forming a portion of the aortic hiatus €Si ll$l]t*f tiiediephragm beeause of its
@ 6. Rightcrus: Musculotendinous band arising from Ll to n¡u s of.the postgrior abdorninal
en,t¡e {§ft,§¡dc.(8$96 to 9o%)
L4 vertebrae forming a portion of the aortic hiatus and
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