Shushaniki Da Kulura

SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis
instituti
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature

The Guide of the Institute of Literature
The Martyrdom of Saint Shushanik
and the Early Christian Culture
Tbilisi 2012
2
literaturis institutis gzamkvlevi
iakob curtavelis
`SuSanikis wameba~ da
adreqristianuli kultura
Tbilisi 2012
3
UDC(uak) 821.353.1,09+008(09)
i_18
saredaqcio kolegia: Editorial Board:
darejan menabde Darejan Menabde

(redaqtori) (Editor)
ivane amirxanaSvili Ivane Amirkhanashvili
giorgi alibegaSvili Giorgi Alibegashvili
goCa kuWuxiZe Gocha Kuchukhidze
zviad tyeSelaSvili Zviad Tkeshelashvili
saredaqcio sabWo:
irma ratiani, maka elbaqiZe, manana kvaWantiraZe,
gaga lomiZe, revaz siraZe, rusudan ColoyaSvili,
rostom CxeiZe
Editorial Council:
Irma Ratiani, Maka Elbakidze, Manana Kvachantiradze, Gaga Lomidze,

Revaz Siradze, Rusudan Cholokashvili, Rostom Chkheidze
garekanze: zurab samxaraZis naxati ìakob curtaveli~
kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa TinaTin duglaZisa
© SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti

© Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
redaqciis misamarTi: 0108, Tbilisi, merab kostavas q. # 5.

E-mail: [email protected]
ISBN 978-9941-0-0465-0
4
Sinaarsi
Contents
winaTqma
Preface................................................................................................9
Fragmentum....................................................................................11
saTaveebTan
Origins
irina nacvliSvili
`SuSanikis wamebis~ Seswavlis istoria
da Tanamedrove mdgomareoba
Irina Natsvlishvili
History of the Study of “The Martyrdom of
Saint Shushanik” and Modernity................................................38
qeTevan mania
`SuSanikis wamebis~
istoriul-wyaroTmcodneobiTi
Seswavlis istoriidan
Ketevan Mania
From the History of the Historical and Source Studies
of “The Martyrdom of Saint Shushanik”...................................68
goCa kuWuxiZe
`wmida SuSanikis martviloba~ da
qarTuli mwerlobis dasawyisis problema
Gocha Kuchukhidze
“The Martirdom of Saint Shushanik” and
The Origins of Georgian Literature............................................89
5
istoria da hagiografia
History and Hagiography
ivane amirxanaSvili
istoria da agiografiuli Txzuleba
Ivane Amirkhanashvili
History and Hagiographic Writing...............................................113
eka CikvaiZe
saRvTismsaxuro tradiciebi da
terminologia `wminda SuSanikis wamebaSi~
Eka Chikvaidze
Religious Service Traditions and Terminology
in " The Martyrdom of Saint Shushanik".....................................128
nana mrevliSvili
iakob curtavelis `SuSanikis wamebis~
struqturul-kompoziciuri Tavisebureba
Nana Mrevlishvili
Structural and Composition Peculiarities of
Iacob Tsurtaveli’s “The Martyrdom of Saint Shushanik”...........152
saba metreveli
nebis Tavisuflebis problema
`wmida SuSanikis wamebis~ mixedviT
Saba metreveli
Freedom of the Will in
“The Martyrdom of Saint Shushanick”........................................175
paralelebi
Parallels
griver farulava
ambavi `margalitisa~
`wminda SuSanikis wamebis~ qarTul da
somxur redaqciaTa urTierTmimarTebisaTvis
6
Griver Parulava
Towards the Reciprocal Action of
Georgian and Armenian Editions of
"The Martyrdom of Saint Shushanik"..........................................189
giorgi alibegaSvili
,,SuSanikis wameba“ da ,,wmida sofiasa
da misi asulebis martviloba“
(hagiografiuli paralelebi)
Giorgi Alibegashvili
“The Martyrdom of Saint Shushanik”
and “The Martyrdom of Saint Sophia
and Her Daughters” (Hagiographic Parallels).............................211
saxismetyveleba
Creative Thinking
revaz siraZe
agiografiuli saxismetyvelebis
erTi paradigmuli nimuSi
(ramdenime SeniSvna)
Revaz Siradze
One Paradigmatic Sample of Hagiographic
Tropology (several remarks)........................................................234
laura grigolaSvili
sZali qristesi
Laura Grigolashvili
The Bride of Christ......................................................................249
ana leTodiani
,,SuSanikis wamebis~
simboloTa gaazrebisaTvis
7
Anna Letodiani
For the Analysis of Symbols in
“The Martyrdom of Saint Shushanick”........................................251
Targmanebi
Translations
darejan menabde
`SuSanikis wameba~ ucxour enebze
Darejan Menabde
“The Martyrdom of Saint Shushanick” by
Iakob Tsurtaveli in Foreign Languages.......................................264
bibliografia
Bibliography
„SuSanikis wameba“ _ bibliografia.

(Seadgines d. menabdem da q. maniam)
“The Martyrdom of Saint Shushanik” _ Bibliography
(Prepared by D. Menabde, K. Mania).........................................294

(masalebi bibliografiisaTvis)
(Seadgina d. menabdem)
"The Martyrdom of Saint Shushanik" in Foreign Languages
(Prepared by D. Menabde)............................................................314
teqsti
Text
`wamebaÁ wmidisa SuSanikisi dedoflisaÁ~

"The Martyrdom of Saint Shushanik".............................................324
8
winaTqma
winamdebare gamocema SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli
literaturis institutis axaldaarsebuli seria `gzam-
kvlevis~ meore wignia. pirveli _ `wminda ninos cxov-
reba da qarTlis moqceva~ _ mieZRvna saqarTvelos gaq-
ristianebisa da Cveni mwerlobis uZvelesi Zeglis
`wminda ninos cxovrebis~ Tematikas. `gzamkvlevis~ me-
ore wignSi _ ìakob curtavelis `SuSanikis wameba~ da
adreqristianuli kultura~ _ warmodgenilia V sauku-
nis avtoris, iakob curtavelis, TxzulebasTan dakav-
Sirebuli problematika.
krebuli ixsneba amonaridebiT (Fragmentum) gamoCenil
mecnierTa naSromebidan. warmodgenilia `SuSanikis wa-
mebis~ filologiuri da wyaroTmcodneobiTi Seswav-
lis istoria, agreTve, sxvadasxva Taobis qarTvel li-
teraturaTmcodneTa uaxlesi gamokvlevebi, romlebic
istoriul-filologiuri Tu saxismetyvelebiTi kvle-
vis tradiciebis gaTvaliswinebiT Tanamedrove recef-
ciebs gvTavazobs. `SuSanikis wameba~ ganxilulia adre-
qristianul kulturologiur WrilSi, Sesabamisi epo-
qis politikur-ideologiuri da istoriul-literatu-
ruli konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT. iakob curtavelis
Txzulebis Sesaxeb bevri iTqva da daiwera XX sauku-
neSi (Zeglis populariazacias gansakuTrebiT Seuwyo
xeli 1978 wels iuneskos egidiT 1500 wlisTavis aRniS-
vnam _ gamoica monografiebi, samecniero SromaTa kre-
buli, Sesrulda ramdenime axali Targmani da a. S.). mi-
uxedavad amisa, bevri Sexeduleba axlebur interpreta-
cias saWiroebs, araerTi sakiTxi uaxlesi literatu-
raTmcodneobiTi TvalsazrisiTaa gasaazrebeli. Tana-
medrove mkiTxvels inovaciebi unda SevTavazoT, miT
umetes, rom teqsti jer kidev bevr safiqrals aRZravs,
bevria gasarkvevi da asaxsneli; aqtualuria `SuSanikis
wamebisa~ da qarTuli mwerlobis dasawyisis problema,
`SuSanikis wamebis~ mimarTeba adreqristianul kultu-
rasTan, saxismetyvelebiTi kvlevebi da a. S.; dRemde aq-
tualuria Txzulebis qarTul-somxur redaqciaTa ur-
9
TierTmimarTebis problema _ samwuxarod, araerTxel
naTqvami zogjer gameorebas, damatebiT argumentacias,
axlebur xedvasa Tu Tanamedrove kvalifikaciebs moiTxovs.
aqve ibeWdeba `SuSanikis wamebis~ teqsti da somxuri
vrceli redaqciis ilia abulaZiseuli qarTuli Tar-
gmani, romelic ukanasknelad 1978 wels gamoica. kre-
buls erTvis bibliografia qarTul da ucxour enebze
(teqstis ZiriTadi mecnieruli gamocemebi da litera-
tura `SuSanikis wamebis~ Sesaxeb).
warmodgenili samecniero naSromebi sagangebod am
krebulisTvis daiwera. wigni gankuTvnilia mkiTxvelTa
farTo wrisaTvis da, gansakuTrebiT, axalgazrdobisa-
Tvis. avtorTa survilia, XXI saukunis qarTvel mkiTx-
vels gavuRvivoT interesi istoriul-kulturuli mem-
kvidreobisadmi, warmovaCinoT V saukuneSi Seqmnili am
SesaniSnavi hagiografiuli Zeglis adgili mis Tanamed-
rove Tu dRevandel msoflio kulturul-literatu-
rul konteqstSi. `gzamkvlevis~ mizanic xom swored es
aris.
darejan menabde
10
Fragmentum
ivane javaxiSvili
iakob xucesi∗
iakob xucess ekuTvnis `wamebaÁ wmidisa SuSanikisi de-

doflisaÁ~, romelic jerjerobiT mainc uZveles qar-
Tul saistorio Txzulebad unda CaiTvalos. TviT avto-
ri Tavis Tavs pirdapir ar asaxelebs iq, sadac Tavis vi-
naobaze laparakobs, aramed TavmdablobiT naTqvami aqvs
mxolod èse mivswere Tquenda~-o (s. gorgaZis gamoc., 1),
an kidev ufro garkveviT: `meca xucesi dedoflisa SuSa-
nikisi (sxvagan) Tana vhyvandi episkopossa mas~, rodesac
SuSaniks pirvelad qmris gamazdeanobis ambavi mouvidao
(iqve, 20_22). magram amisda miuxedavad ukve m. s a b i n i n -
m a samarTlianad SeniSna, rom am xucess saxelad iakobi
erqva...
rogorc Tanamedrovesa da Tanadamxdurs Seefereba,
iakob xucess Tavisi Txzuleba TariRebiT Seumkia. wame-
bis aRweras, mag. is ase iwyebs:
ìyo mervesa welsa sparsTa mefisasa karad samefod
waremarTa vasqen pitiaxSi ZÀ arSuSaÁsi~ (16-7). aq ueW-
velia sparsTa mefis saxeli aklia, romelic, rasakvirve-
lia, Tavdapirvels dedanSi unda yofiliyo, radgan uam-
saxelod zemomoyvanils TariRs yovelgvari mniSvneloba
ekargeba. sayuradReboa, rom X sauk. xelTnawerSiac es
sparsTa mefis saxeli gamotovebulia. magram juanSeris
Txzuleba amtkicebs, rom mas xelT hqonia iseTi xel-
Tnaweri, romelSiac sparsTa mefis saxeli jer gamoto-
vebuli ara yofila. mas Tavis SromaSi sxvaTa Soris
SuSanikis martÂlobis ambavica aqvs Setanili da ai ra
uweria: àmasve Jamsa mefobda sparseTs [mefe] romelsa
erqua urmizd da masve Jamsa iyo somxiTsa kaci erTi
Svili mTavarTa saxeliT varsqen da esua mas coli mTa-
∗
iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani Tormet tomad, t. VIII, Tb., 1977, gv. 56-65.
11
varTa Svili romelsa erqua SuSanik asuli vardanisi~
da sxva (c∼a vaxtang gurgasalisa m∼m d∼fsi qc∼a 404, gv.
188, ana df∼ls qc∼a-Sic amgvaradvea). aq dasaxelebuli
urmizdi mesame unda yofiliyo perozad wodebuli (457-
484). moTxrobis dasawyisi exeba, maSasadame, iseTs ambavs,
romelic perozis mefobis merve wels, e.i. 464-465 w. mom-
xdara. iakob xucess amas garda aRniSnuli aqvs, rom
SuSanikma èqusi weli cixesa Sina aRasrula~ (gv. 146-7 da
1731-32 ), xolo, roca misi aRsasrulis dReni moaxlovda,
maSin ukve `meSÂde weli dadgeboda~ (1734). `wamebis~ bo-
loSi ufro zedmiwevniT aris dasaxelebuli Tve da
ricxvi: àrs dasabami tanjvaTa maT wmidisa SuSanikisa-
TaÁ TTuesa apnisisasa, mervesa TTÂsasa da dResa oTxSa-
baTsa da meored guemaÁ misi Semdgomad aRvsebisa zatik-
sa, dResa orSabaTsa da kualad tanjvaÁ vardobisa TTu-
esa aTcxrametsa da aRsrulebaÁ misi_TTuesa okdonbersa
(sic) aTSÂdmetsa... da dRÀ xuTSabaTi iyo romelsa gan-
vaweseT saÃsenebeli wmidisa SuSanikisi~ (gv.22_23). aseTis
zedmiwevnilobiT mxolod Tanamedrovesa da Tanadam-
xdurs SeeZlo TariRebis gansazRvra, rasakvirvelia, Tu
im garemoebasac angariSs gavuwevT, rom avtoris Tana-
medroveobas, rogorc ukve davinaxeT, da SemdegSiac uf-
ro metadac davrwmundebiT, iakob xucesis Txzulebis
sxva mravali Tvisebac cxadhyofs.
Tu gavixsenebT, rom SuSanikis wameba daiwyo 465-Te
wels da rom misi wamebis ukve meSvide weliwadi yofi-
la, rodesac suli ganutevebia, maSin cxadi iqmneba, rom
SuSaniki 17 oqtombers xuTSabaTs 472-e wels unda
gardacvliliyo.
iakob xucesis Txzulebis did Rirsebas is Tvisebac
Seadgens, rom mas moTxrobaSi moxsenebul pirTa vina-
obis Sesaxebac aqvs cnobebi moyvanili da saxelebic yo-
velTvis aRniSnuli aqvs. moqmedebis asparezad qceuli
daba-qalaqebisa Tu qveynebis Sesaxebi geografiuli cno-
bebic mudam mkafio da zedmiwevniTia. yvela es garemo-
ebani Cveni istorikosis Tanamedroveobisa da TviTmxil-
velobis azrs ufro aZliereben.
12
iakob xucesis nawarmoebSi, rogorc Tanamedrovis mi-
er dawerils Txzulebas SehSvenis, maSindeli saqarTve-
los Sinauri Tu sazogado yofacxovrebisa da zneCve-
ulebis Sesaxeb mravali saucxovo cnobebi moipoveba,
romelnic mTels moTxrobaSi ise bunebrivad aris Caqso-
vili, ise uSualod Tansdeven ambavis mimdinareobas, rom
mkiTxvels Tvalwin maSindeli cxovrebis cocxali, mxat-
vruli suraTi eSleba. ase srulad da cxovlad maSinde-
li saqarTvelos yofacxovrebis aRwera mxolod Tana-
medroves SeeZlo da iakob xucesis yovels cnobas Tana-
medroveobis beWedi cxadad azis kidec...
yvela zemoTqmulis Semdeg cxadia, rom iakob xucesis
Txzuleba rogorc Tavisi istoriuli, sageografio,
qronologiuri cnobebiT, iseve yofa-cxovrebis aRweri-
lobiT, moTxrobis TvisebiTa da kiloTi, dasasrul av-
toris mier naambobis fsiqologiuris utyuarobiT mar-
Tlac Tanamedrovis, Tanadamxdurisa da monawilis mier
daweril nawarmoebad unda iqmnes cnobili.
magram Cven ar unda daviviwyoT, rom w∼a SuSanikis
wameba oTxia Senaxuli: ori qarTulad da ori somxurad.
qarTuladac da somxuradac es nawarmoebi orgvari sa-
xiT moipoeba: erTi vrcelia, meore kidev mokle...
magram TviT somxuri mokle wamebisa da misi qaTuli
Targmanis teqstis pirveli wakiTxvac-ki sakmarisia, rom
mkvlevarma maSinve Seatyos, rom e s Z e g l i a m n a -
warmoebis Tavdapirveli dedani-ki ar
aris, aramed mermindeli da ara-Tav-
dapirveli martÂlobis mxolod Sem-
d e g d r o i n d e l i S e m o k l e b a . aq iseTi cnobebi
gvxvdeba, romelTa gageba SeuZlebelia, Tu rom adamians
vrceli martÂloba wakiTxuli ara aqvs. SuSanikis
wamebis umTavresi nawili aq gamotovebulia da mxolod-
Ra aRsasrulia aRwerili. yvelaferi, rac niSandoblivia
da adgilobrivi cxovrebis viTarebis gamomxatveli, am
mokle wamebaSi gamotovebulia. maSasadame cxadia, rom
SuSanikis mokle martÂloba Tavdapirveli dedani ar
aris, arc somxuri da miT umetes arc qarTuli, rome-
lic somxuriTgan aris naTargmni.
13
magram mokle w a m e b i s garda, rogorc aRniSnuli
iyo, v r c e l i m a r t Â l o b a c aris Senaxuli: erTi
qarTulad da erTic somxurad. romeli maTgania Tavda-
pirveli da sazogadod ra damokidebulebaa maT Soris?
qarTulTan SedarebiT somxuri martÂloba erTiorad
ufro vrcelia. magram am SemTxvevaSi somxuri wamebis
sivrce mis Tavdapirvelobisa da dednobis damamtkicebe-
li ar aris.
Cven ukve viciT, rom qarTuli vrceli wamebis aRmweri
mis mier moTxrobili ambebis Tanamedrovea da xan Tana-
damxduri da TviTmxilveli yofila, xan monawilec-ki.
sul sxvanairad aris somxuri vrceli wameba dawerili.
iq avtori srulebiT ara Cans, misi saxeli gakvriTac-ki
arsad aris moxsenebuli. wamebis mTeli moTxrobac samo-
Txrobo eniT, m e s a m e p i r i T , aris aRwerili. arc
Tanamedroveoba, miT umetes arc TviTmxilveloba da Ta-
nadamxduroba somxuri vrceli wamebis avtors ar etyo-
ba. yovelive amis damamtkicebeli kvali mis TxzulebaSi
warxocilia. qarTuli dednis saukeTeso adgilebi, rom-
lebSiac imdroindeli cxovrebis utyuari suraTebia Se-
naxuli, somxurs vrcels martÂlobaSi gamotovebulia...
SuSanikis vrceli somxuri wameba iakob xucesis qar-
Tul dedanTan SedarebiT mainc Semoklebulia, rom TiT-
qmis yvelaferi, rac qarTulSi maSindels saxelmwifo
weswyobilebas, sazogadoebriv, Tu kerZo yofa-cxovrebas
da zne-Cveulebebs niSandobliv gvixatavs, an avtoris
Tanamedroveobisa, Tanadamxdurobisa da TviT monawile-
obis gamomJRavnebeli iyo, somxurSi gamotovebulia...
samagierod somxuri wamebis Sinaarsi gadidebuli da
gavrcelebulia SuSanikis locva-vedrebaTa aRnusxviT.
mag. Tu iakob xucesis qarTuls teqstSi locva mTlad
oTx striqonad aris gamoTqmuli (gv. 38-12), somxurSi im-
denad vrcelia, rom sruli ori gverdi uWiravs (gv. 13-
15). iqac-ki, sadac iakob xucess locvaze erTi sityvac-ki
ara aqvs naTqvami (`Sevida mun Sina simwariTa savsÀ... da
mwariTa cremliTa tiroda~ 313-16), somxurs vrcels c∼-aSi
naTqvamia, SuSaniki mTel Rames gauCerebliv tiriliT
loculobdao (gv. 15).
14
maSasadame, sivrcisa da sididisda miuxedavad somxu-
ri wameba iakob xucesis TxzulebasTan SedarebiT Tavda-
pirvelobasa da dednobas veras gziT ver daiCemebs, ara-
med Tavis arsebiTs nawilSi Semoklebulia, xolo sama-
gierod SuSanikis sityvebisa da locvebis uxvad Car-
TviT metismetad da uSnod gadidebulia. amitom ueWve-
lia, rom qarTuli wameba, iakob xucesis Txzuleba de-
dania, somxuri-ki mermindeli gadanakeTebi.
magram Tavisda Tavad cxadia, rom iakob xucesis qar-
Tuli vrceli wamebis dednoba imas ar niSnavs, rom igi
TviT avtoris iakob xucesis mierac swored im saxiT
yofiliyos dawerili, rogoradac man Cvenamde moaRwia.
piriqiT, Cven ufleba gvaqvs vifiqroT, rom es X s. xelT-
nawerSi Senaxuli iakob xucesis Txzulebis teqsti
srul dednad ver CaiTvleba. amas TviT iakob xucesisave
Semdegi sityvebi gvafiqrebineben. Cvens avtors wamebis
TiTqmis dasawyisSive naTqvami aqvs: iyo `SuSanik moSiSi
RmrTisaÁ, viTarca vTquT, siyrmiTgan TÂsiT~ (112-14): Ta-
viTgan bolomdis rom gadaikiTxoT mTeli wameba, iseTs
cnobas, sadac avtors aRniSnuli hqondes, Tu rogori
moSiSi iyo RmrTisa SuSaniki jer kidev ymawvilobis
dros, exlandels teqstSi versad ipoviT. cxadia maSa-
sadame, rom iakob xucesis Txzuleba srulad ar yofila
Senaxuli da mas unda zogi rame akldes. zemomoyvanils
winadadebas yuradReba SuSanikis wamebis gamomcemelma s.
gorgaZemac miaqcia. mas naTqvami aqvs: `naanderZev teqsts
TavSi raRac aklia. vgoneb ar SevcdebiT Tu vifiqrebT,
rom epistolis TavSi moTavsebuli unda yofiliyo mi-
wer-mowera avtorsa da im pirs Soris, romelsac SuSa-
nikis `wamebis aRwera SeukveTia~-o (gverdi 26). uZRoda
Tu ara raime miwer-mowera Zneli saTqmelia, es-ki cxa-
dia, rom s. gorgaZis azri, viTomc iakob xucess Tavisi
Txzuleba visime SekveTilobiT daeweros TviT avtoris,
iakob xucesis, cnobas ewinaaRmdegeba. erTgan iakob
xucess sxvaTa Soris aRniSnuli aqvs: rodesac SuSanikis
wameba daiwyo `varqu me sanatrelsa mas: `xuaSiadadre,
viTar gegulebis, miTxar me, raÁTa uwyodi da aRvwero
SromaÁ Seni~-o (410-12). avtoris am mkafio sityvebiTgan
naTlada Cans, rom SuSanikis wameba dawyebula Tu ara,
15
imTaviTve iakob xucess w∼a SuSanikis wamebis `Sromisa
da Ruawlis~ aRwera ganuzraxavs TavisiT da ara visime
SekveTilobiT.
ueWvelia, zemomoyvanili sityvebis ise ganmarteba, ro-
gorc s. gorgaZes gaugia, Semcdari iqmneboda. ufro sa-
fiqrebelia, rom iakob xucesis Txzulebis pirvels na-
wilSi SuSanikis RvTismoSiSoba unda yofiliyo moTx-
robili siyrmiTganve. amgvarad SesaZlebelia iakob xuce-
sis nawarmoebs dasawyisi mainc akldes. xolo Tu Sena-
xuli teqstis Sesavals sityvebs mivaqcevT yuradRebas,
rom iakob xucesis Sroma moulodnelad ase iwyeba, `da
aw damtkicebulad giTxra Tquen aRsasruli wmidisa da
sanatrelisa SuSanikisi~ (14-5), unda uneblieT azri da-
ibados, rom Senaxuli `wameba~ iqneb iakob xucesis Txzu-
lebis mxolod meore nawili iyos da mas TavSi marto
Sesavali-ki ara, mTeli pirveli, SuSanikis cxovrebis mo-
mTxrobeli, nawili akldes, sadac sxvaTa Soris SuSani-
kis yrmobis droiTganve Tandayolil `RmrTis moSiSoba-
zec~ eqmneboda avtors saubari.
mainc cxadia, rom iakob xucesis Txzulebis dednis
is nawili, sadac wamebaa aRwerili, qarTulad srulad
aris Senaxuli. safiqrebeli da SesaZlebelia mxolod,
rom V saukunis qarTveli avtoris ena mermindel gadam-
werTagan ganaxlebuli iyos, Tumca qarTuli enis isto-
ria jer srulebiT Seswavlili ar aris da arc viciT,
Tu ra saxe hqonda qarTuls V s-Si.
yvela zemoTqmulis Semdeg cxadia, rom iakob xucesis
mier dawerili w∼a SuSanikis vrceli `wameba~ jerjero-
biT uuZvelesi qarTuli saistorio Zeglia da viTarca
Tanamedrovis, Tanadamxdurisa da monawilis mier Sedge-
nili Zvirfas da Sinaarsian saistorio wyarod unda Ca-
iTvalos. iakob xucesis utyuari mxatvruli niWi da
mSvenieri cocxali ena am Txzulebas sasiamovno saki-
Txav nawarmoebadaca xdis.
16
korneli kekeliZe
iakob curtaveli∗
mexuTe saukunis pirvel meoTxedSi cnobili yofila
viRac j a R i an j a R a , somxuri da berZnuli enebi-
dan mTargmneli. samwuxarod, arc vinaoba, arc litera-
turuli Sromebi misi Cven ar viciT, ase rom uZveles
mwerlad, romlis nawarmoebi Cvenamde Senaxula, unda
miviCnioT i a k o b c u r t a v e l i ; mas dauweria agi-
ografiuli Txzuleba, romelsac ewodeba `wamebaÁ wmi-
disa SuSanikisi dedoflisaÁ~.1
TxzulebaSi naCvenebia is momenti Cveni cxovrebisa
mexuTe saukuneSi, rodesac iranis Sahebi, Tavisi agre-
siuli politikuri zraxvebis gansaxorcieleblad qar-
TlSi, eZeben aqaur feodalTa Soris saWiro agentebs,
romelnic SeZlebdnen Ziri gamoeTxaraT mSobliuri
qveynis damoukideblobisaTvis. amgvari tendenciis fon-
ze TxzulebaSi ostaturad gadaSlilia mwvave drama,
romelsac adgili hqonia qvemo qarTlis erT-erTi pi-
tiaxSis ojaxSi.
SuSaniki iyo asuli somexTa spaspetis an mxedarT-
mTavris v a r d a n i s a , romelic cnobili istoriuli
piria, mamikonianTa sagvareulodan, somexTa kaToli-
kosis sahak didis SviliSvili, taronidan. is colad
hyolia qarTlis pitiaxSs v a r s q e n s , romelic qris-
tiani iyo. varsqeni wasula sparseTSi da `raÁTamca
saTno eyo mefesa~ sparseTisasa, cecxlTayvanismcemlo-
ba miuRia. Sahs, Tanaxmad misi Txovnisa, colad miucia
misTvis àsuli mefisaÁ~, romelic, somxuri redaqciiT,
iyo sidedri misi. varsqens SahisaTvis sityva miucia,
`bunebiTs~ cols, ese igi SuSaniks, da Svilebsac, mo-
vaqcevo. rodesac SuSanikma gaigo es, miatova meuRlis
sareceli da sasaxleSi TavisTvis, gancalkevebulad,
∗
k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, I4, Tb., 1980, gv. 113-122.
1 m. sabinini, saqarTvelos samoTxe, gv.181_192; s. gorgaZe, iakob xucesi _
wameba wmidisa SuSanikisi, quTaisi, 1917 w., il. abulaZe, iakob curtave-
li, 1938 w., s. yubaneiSvili, Zveli qarTuli literaturis qrestomaTia, I.
gv. 34-44. К. Кекелидзе, Памятники древнегрузинской агиографии. стр. 7- 28. 1956.
17
daiwyo cxovreba. varsqenma amiT Tavi Seuracxyofilad
miiCnia, Tan Tavisi ganzraxvac, SuSanikis moqceva, ver
ganaxorciela, amitom samjer autaneli fizikuri Seura-
cxyofa miayena mas da cixeSi Casva. cixeSi SuSanikma dayo
eqvsi weliwadi da meSvide wels, didi Rvawlisa da moT-
minebisagan Zalamixdili, gardaicvala iqve, curtavs.
yovelive es auweria aramc Tu ubralo Tanamedro-
vesa da Tanadaxvdomils, aramed sasaxlesTan metad da-
axloebuls da amasTan SedarebiT momzadebul pirs,
i a k o b s , romelic iyo karis mRvdeli da moZRvari
SuSanikisa. iakobi erTi im pirTagani iyo, romelic
erT wamsac ki ar moSorebia Tavis sulier Svils auta-
neli wamebisa da gaWirvebis dros, masTan iyo sasaxle-
Sic da mis garec, eklesiaSic da, SeZlebisamebr, cixe-
Siac. is anugeSebda da amxnevebda SuSaniks, is uamebda
mas rogorc fizikur, ise sulier tanjvas. am kacs, ro-
gorc daaxloebuls da SuSanikis cxovrebis intimur
mxareTa mcodnes, ukisria misi Rvawlisa da moTminebis
aRwera. pitiaxSi varsqeni jer ar dabrunebuliyo sa-
saxleSi sparseTidan, sadac man cecxlTayvanismcemlo-
ba miiRo, rodesac iakobi, romelic winaswar grZnobda,
Tu ra moxdeboda col-qmars Soris, mivida SuSanikTan
da uTxra mas: `Ruawlsa didsa Seslvad xar dedofa-
lo~, amitom mauwye yovelive Seni Tavgadasavali, `raÁ-
Ta vuwyodi da aRvwero SromaÁ Senio~. aqedan naTlad
Cans, rom iakobs SuSanikis wamebis aRwera ar ukisria
visime winaswari SekveTiTa da TxovniT1, amis mzadebasa
da Tadarigs is jer kidev RvawlismZle dedoflis si-
cocxleSive Sedgomia.
Txzuleba rom iakobis mieraa dawerili, es Cans
TviT Sromidan, sadac avtori pirveli piriT lapara-
kobs TavisTavis Sesaxeb: `da meca, xucesi dedoflis
SuSanikisi, Tana vhyvandi episkoposs mas~, `xolo me
vijmen adre da miviwie dabasa~. `SuSanik mrqua me... da
me varqu mas~, `movida ymaÁ erTi da Tqua: iakob manda
arsa? da me varqu viTarmed: raÁ ginebs? da man mrqua:
uwess pitiaxSi. da me damikÂrda Tu raÁsa me miwess am-
1 rogorc s. gorgaZe fiqrobda, gv.25.
18
as Jamsa, da miveswrafe da mived. da man mrqua me: uwyia
xuces!~
biografiuli cnobebi iakobis Sesaxeb ar mogvepove-
ba; viciT mxolod, rom is iyo karis xucesi an mRvde-
li, moZRvari SuSanikisa, romelic misi bediT Zalian
dainteresebuli iyo. yovel SemTxvevaSi, sikvdilis win
is mis Tavs abarebs saxlis episkoposs afocs: `Semved-
ra me, kaci codvili da glaxaki~ afocsao, ambobs iako-
bi (il. abulaZis gamoc., XVIII, 3-4). rogorc aseTs, Tan
cnobil im dros mwerals, mas SeeZlo TvalsaCino saek-
lesio kariera gaekeTebia. safiqrebelia, rom SemdegSi
is dadgenil iqna curtavis episkoposad. 506 wlis dvi-
nis krebis monawile qarTvel episkoposTa ricxvSi aR-
niSnulia curtavis episkoposi iakobi, rogorc mexuTe
mRvdelmTavari am kaTedrisa afocis Semdeg. adamiani,
romelic mexuTe saukunis oTxmocian wlebSi karis
mRvdeli iyo, 506 wlisaTvis ukve SesZlebda episkopo-
sobis xarisxis miRebas (Sead. i l . a b u l a Z e , gv. 060).
safiqrebelia, rom iakobs, rogorc ganaTlebulsa
da momzadebul pirs, SuSanikis martvilobis garda, ki-
dev daeweros rame. yovel SemTxvevaSi, amis sabuTs
gvaZlevs Cven TviT dasaxelebuli martviloba, rome-
lic iwyeba, rogorc ityvian, ex abrupto: `da aw damtki-
cebulad giTxra Tquen~. gamodis, TiTqos es martvilo-
ba gagrZelebas Seadgens romeliRac sxva nawarmoebi-
sas. amasve gvafiqrebinebs winadadebac: SuSaniki iyo
`moSiSi RmrTisaÁ, viTarca igi vTquT, siyrmiTgan TÂ-
siT~. arsad TxzulebaSi ar moipoveba cnoba SuSanikis
RvTismoSiSobis Sesaxeb bavSvobaSi. cxadia, avtors
sadRac, romeliRac nawarmoebSi, winaTac hqonia lapa-
raki SuSanikis Sesaxeb...
avtors Seumkia Tavisi Txzuleba qronologiuri
cnobebiTac, rogorc, magaliTad, varsqenis sparseTs
gamgzavreba, sparselebis omianoba hunebTan, SuSanikis
tanjvis dasawyisi da etapebi, misi cixeSi yofna, gar-
dacvaleba da xsenebis dRis daweseba. mas warmoudgenia
am SromaSi cocxali suraTi maSindeli Cveni yofa-
cxovrebisa. Cveni uZvelesi kulturul-sarwmunoebrivi
19
viTareba, socialur-politikuri wyobileba, saeklesio
organizacia da kerZo saojaxo cxovreba...
avtoris mizania ganmtkiceba qristianobisa da sam-
Soblosadmi, romelsac awveba agresiulad ganwyobili
irani, erTgulebisa da siyvarulis grZnobisa. is xazs
usvams im TanagrZnobas, romelsac iwvevs adamianis
gulSi mowamebrivi Rvawli SuSanikisa, da im zizRs,
romelic daimsaxura varsqenis jalaTobam, politikur-
sarwmunoebrivma renegatobam da samSoblos Ralatma.
mas, rogorc Rrmad morwmune qristians, sjera, rom Tu
am qveynad ara, iq, saiqios, mainc moeReba bolo mama-
kacisa da dedakacis uTanasworobas. vinaidan iq àra
ars rCevaÁ mamakacisa da dedakacisaÁ~, iq me (SuSanikma)
da man (varsqenma) `swori sityuaÁ vTquaT winaSe~ qristesa.
Txzuleba dawerilia mexuTe saukuneSi, magram, sa-
xeldobr, rodis? amisaTvis saWiroa gavarkvioT SuSa-
nikis wamebis TariRebi. s. g o r g a Z i s azriT, romel-
sac mxars uWers akad. iv. j a v a x i S v i l i c , SuSani-
ki gardaicvala 472 wlis 17 oqtombers: is cixeSi Cas-
ves mefis perozis merve wels (466), aq man dayo eqvsi
weli da aResrula. maSasadame, 472 welsao. magram som-
xuri svinaqsris sinqronologiuri cnobiT,1 SuSaniki
gardacvlila 474-6 wlebSi...
Txzuleba dawerilia SuSanikis gardacvalebis Sem-
deg (aq aRwerilia misi sikvdili da dasaflaveba). isic
cxadia, rom dawerilia igi varsqenis sikvdilamde, ro-
melsac adgili hqonda 484 wels,2 winaaaRmdeg SemTxve-
vaSi avtori ueWvelad aRniSnavda mis arabunebriv sik-
vdils, Tu sxva mosazrebiT ara, rogorc RvTisagan
misda samagieros migebas ukeTurebisaTvis mainc. miT
umetes, rom aseT `migebas~ is Txoulobs SuSanikis pi-
riT, romelsac aTqmevinebs: varsqens `miagos ufalman~,
radgan man esa da es miyo meo. amnairad, SuSanikis mar-
tviloba iakob curtavelis mier dawerili unda iyos
476-483 wlebSi, maSasadame, is marTlac uZvelesi Zeg-
lia qarTuli originaluri mwerlobisa.
1
il. abulaZis gamocema, gv. 63.
2
iv. javaxiSvili, qarTveli eris istoria, 13, 221.
20
arsebobs meore, mokle redaqcia SuSanikis martvilo-
bisa, romelic aTonis iveriis monastris XI saukunis
damdegis erT-erT xelnawerSi (# 57) aRmoaCina n.m a r -
m a 1 da gamosca a. x a x a n a S v i l m a .2 es redaqcia
gadmoTargmnili yofila somxuridan ara ugvianes 940
wlisa.3 im redaqciidan, romelic dabeWdilia `soferq
haÁkakanqis~ mecxre tomSi (gv.49-55). somxuri dedani an
mokle radaqciisaa gadmokeTebuli yofila vrceli re-
daqciidan.4 xolo es ukanaskneli gadmokeTebulia iako-
bis Sromidan.5 ase iyo warmodgenili mecnierebaSi aqam-
de urTierToba qarTul-somxuri teqstebisa...
iakobis Sroma erT-erTi uZvelesi Zeglia qarTuli
originaluri mwerlobisa, magram es imas ki ar niSnavs,
rom Cvenamde Txzuleba Senaxulia im saxiT, ra saxiTac
is avtoris xelidan gamovida. Zegls zogierTi cvli-
leba ganucdia: 1) rogorc naTqvamia, Txzulebas TavSi
unda akldes; 2) gadaweris procesSi gamotovebulia
sparseTis mefis perozis saxeli;6 3) aRweriloba SuSa-
nikis mesamed wamebisa, romelsac, TxzulebiT, `vardo-
bis~ TveSi hqonia adgili, es aRweriloba somxur
teqsts Semounaxavs;7 4) moTxroba varsqenis Svilis wyal-
Si daxrCobis Sesaxeb, romelic utyuari ambis STabeW-
dilebas axdens, esec somxur teqstSi gadarCenila;8 5)Sec-
vlilia saxelwodeba `sTulisa~ okdonbrad; 6) mimate-
bulia glosa kozman da damianes Sesaxeb; 7) eWvi araa,
Txzulebam enobrivadac icvala saxe, yovel SemTxveva-
Si, imaSi aRar Cans kvali `xanmetobisa~, romelic mexu-
Te saukunis TxzulebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli unda yofiliyo.
1
`Из поездки на Афон~, ЖМНП, Март, 1899 г.; misive, Агиографические материалы, I, 64.
2
Материалы по грузинской агиологии стр. 49_ 51; il. abulaZe; martÂloba
SuSanikisi, gv. 49-53.
3
P. Peeters: Analecta Bollandiana, t. 53, fasc ^^^_^&, p. 299; n. mariT ki araugvianes
VIII saukunisa.
4
`sofer haÁkakanq~, t. IX, gv.10-47; il. abulaZis gamokvleviT, mokle, svi-
naqsaruli redaqcia win uswrebs vrcels (ìakob curtaveli~, gv.034).
5
iv. javaxiSvili, Zveli qarTuli saistorio mwerloba, gamoc. 2, gv.20-23.
6
Tu zogierT xelnawerSi fragmenti sityvisa mr... perozis saxels ar
Seicavs. (ix. il. abulaZis gamoc., gv. 3, striq. 6).
7
il. abulaZis gamoc. gv. 33-36.
8 il. abulaZis gamoc., gv. 23.
21
ilia abulaZe
martvilobis wignTa Sinaarsisa da kompoziciis

sakiTxebisaTvis∗
mas Semdeg, rac SuSanikis martvilobis wignTa teq-

stobrivi analizi iakob curtavelis nawarmoebs Ziri-
Tad wyarod acxadebs martvilobis somxuri wignebi-
saTvis, bevri ram saTqmeli maTi Sinaarsoblivi mxar-
isa da kompoziciis Sesaxeb ara dagvrCenia ra. magram
radganac am mxrivac arsebobs daeWveba qarTuli Zeg-
lis mimarT, rom viTomc mas Tanmimdevrobac akldes,
amitom masze Cven erT xans mainc SevCerdebiT.
martvilobis wignebi SuSanikis wamebis mizezad uR-
vTosa da urjulo qmris, varsqenis (somx. vazgenis)
qcevas _ gamazdeanebas _ asaxeleben. varsqenma uaryo
WeSmariti RmerTi da iqmna sparsTa Sjulisa aRmsaare-
bel an cecxl-msaxuro _ aRiareben isini erTxmad. ga-
mazdeanebulma qarTlis mTavarma anu pitiaxSma erTgu-
lebis niSnad piroba misca sparsTa mefes: Cems col-
Svilsac gavamazdeanebo. mis Sesasruleblad man yove-
live iRona, coli mainc uarze dadga bolomdis, ris
gamo eqvsi wlis wamebis Semdeg aResrulao. aseTia mok-
led Sinaarsi, romelsac wamebis yoveli wigni moicavs.
ra iyo ZiriTadi aRmZvreli mizezi varsqenis gamaz-
deanebisa? sxvadasxvanairad upasuxeben amas wamebebi.
somxuri wignebiT (garda eCmiaZinis nusxisa) varsqenma
TiTqos uarismyofloba `SiSiTa kacTaÁTa gina Tu nef-
siT TÂsiT asulisa TÂsisaTÂs~ Caidina. qarTuliT
(vrceliT, cxadia, Torem mokle xom igive somxuria,
mxolod gadmoqarTulebuli!) ki piriqiT varsqens àr-
ca Wiri exilva, arca SiSi, arca maxÂli, arca pyrobi-
lebaÁ qristÀsTÂs~. es SiSisaTvis, xolo asulisaTvis
xom krintic arsadaa daZruli qarTulSi.
∗
i. abulaZe, iakob curtaveli, martÂlobaÁ SuSanikisi, qarTuli da som-
xuri teqstebi gamosca, gamokvleva, variantebi, leqsikoni da saZieblebi
daurTo i. abulaZem, Tb., gv. 56-60.
22
bunebrivia, umiznoda da umizezod araferi xdeba,
magram mainc is argumentebi, romelic wamebis somxur
wignebs mohyavs, damajerebeli araa. martvilobaTa wig-
nebis mixedviT varsqens gaaqvs Tavisi. erTgulebis da-
samtkiceblad mohyavs colad sparsi mefis naTesavi
(qarTuliT mefis asuli, somxuriT ki_mefis sidedri),
miaqcevs Svilebs mazdeanobaze da `bunebiT~ cols awa-
mebs, magram arsadaa Tqmuli, ra qna asulisaTvis.
asulze xma arsadaa daZruli. arc kacTa SiSis gamov-
lineba Cans rameSi konkretulad. aseTi mxareebia nagu-
lisxmevi somxuri wamebis wignebiT varsqenis uweso
qcevaSi, romlisaTvisac jer kidev samefo kars, ktezi-
fons, wasvlis win evedreboda RmerTs SuSaniki da
sxvebsac sTxovda elocaT, rom moqceuliyo keTil go-
nierebaze Semcode. aseTia mizani da mizezi varsqenis
gamazdeanebisa somxuriT, romelic, rogorc aRvniSneT,
TxzulebaSi gamyol Zafad ar aris gatarebuli Tavi-
dan bolomdis.
sxvanairi mdgomareobaa qarTulSi. mizani da mizezi
aq ufro gamoumJRavnebelia. somxuris msgavsi ram man
ar icis. samefo kars wasvlis win rom garkveuli gada-
wyvetileba hqonda gamotanili varsqens da mis Sesaba-
misad kidevac iqceoda, es SuSanikmac icoda. SuSaniki
ar TanaugrZnobda mas, amas igi uweso qcevad uTvlida
varsqens. magram raSi mdgomareobda es uweso qceva,
qarTuli aras ambobs.1 es imiT ki ar aixsneba, rom agi-
ografs aq raime Seecodos, daviwyebodes Txrobis Sem-
dgomi mimdinareobisas, aramed sul sxviT. SeniSnulia
ukve qarTvel mkvlevarTagan,2 rom SuSanikis wamebas
garda agiografs (iakob xucess) sxva Sromac unda hqo-
noda, sadac SuSanikis yrmoba da sxva ambebi iqneboda
moTxrobili. amas wamebis dasawyisi sityvebi mowmobs:
`da aw damtkicebulad giTxra Tquen aRsasruli wmidi-
1
P. Peeters-i aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT Tavis narkvevSi erTgan (n.Anal.
Bol., LIII, gv.286) aRniSnavs, rom Txrobis gagrZeleba araa srul Tanxmoba-
Si im ganzraxvebTan, romlebic renegats miawereso. SeniSvna sworia, mag-
ram is, rogrc vnaxeT, ufro somxurs Seexeba, vidre qarTuls.
2
prof. i v . j a v a x i S v i l i _ `qarT.saist. mwerloba~, I, 2 gamoc., gv.
25; prof. k . k e k e l i Z e _ `qarT. lit. istoria~, I, gv. 120.
23
sa da sanatrelisa SuSanikisi~. agreTve iseTi gamonaT-
qvami, rogoricaa: `...SuSanik, moSiSi RmrTisaÁ, viTarca
igi vTquT, siyrmiTgan TÂsiT~ (n.a I, 11-12). SuSanikis mo-
SiSeoba, Camomavloba, gaTxoveba, varsqenTan coloba
da SesaZloa maSin varsqenisagan gamomJRavnebuli misi
uweso qcevis saxec aq iyo moTxrobili. meorejer gan-
meoreba saWirod aRar miiCnia agiografma da amitomac
dRes Cven ukmayofilebas gvagrZnobinebs es momenti.
amrigad, ara gvgonia, rom somxuris mier aRniSnuli
mxareebi yofiliyo mizezi varsqenisaTvis mamuli rju-
lis dasateveblad, kerZod ki _ asulis coloba. rom
es vismesTvis dasajerebeli yofiliyo, maSin mas somxu-
ri martvilobis is nusxa, romelic eCmiaZinSia daculi
(# 941), ar gamotovebda, anda ukeT _ ar Sescvlida mas.
arc oden SeuracxyofisaTvis (`Cemi xati daamÃu da
sagebelsa Cemsa nacari gardaasx...~), romelic miayena
SuSanikma gamazdeanebul varsqens saxlidan wasvliT
(`Seni adgili dagitevebies da sxuad warsrul xar~),
unda iyos esoden ganZvinebuli varsqeni. arc marto ga-
mazdeanebis ambis Setyoba SuSanikisTvis unda yofili-
yo moulodneli da gasaocari, rom misTvis mas mieto-
vebina saxli _ palati, rogorc es samarTlianad P. Pe-
eters-ma SeniSna.1 rjulis gamocvla araCveulebrivi ar
iyo arc mis maxloblebSi. misi biZaSvili vahani da
Tund mamamTili arSuSa, xom uaris myoflebi iyvnen!
Tu mas SeeZlo arSuSas qceva TvalTmaqcobad mieCnia,
amas ver vityviT vahanis mimarT, radganac aseTi Tval-
Tmaqcoba man SuSanikis aRsrulebis Semdeg gamoamJRav-
na. manam ki is, rogorc misi karis istorikosi lazare
farpeli mowmobs, uarismyoflad da uSjulod iyo miC-
neuli somexTagan. mizezi ufro Rrma unda yofiliyo
da igi Sedegi unda yofiliyo marTlac maSindeli po-
litikuri viTarebisa.
sasanianTa iranis mcdeloba dRidan am dinastiis
aRmocenebisa niadag is iyo, rom hegemoni yofiliyo
amierkavkasiaSi. es aucilebeli iyo imisTvis, rom Se-
1
Anal . BoI., L^^^, gv. 287.
24
enarCunebina Tavisi batonoba da Zliereba, raSiac mas
moqiSpeobas uwevdnen kavkasionis iqiTa xalxebi da
berZnebi. pirvel rigSi yuradReba somxeTs miapyres.
somxeTis daqvemdebarebiT maT imedi hqondaT saqarTve-
losa da albaneTze gabatonebisa. `roca somxeTi Cveni
iqnebao, wers V s-is gasulis istorikosi lazare far-
peli, maSin saqarTveloca da alvaneTic Cveniao~, iyo
Turme maSindeli azri.
momZlavreba am mizniT swored pirvel yovlisa som-
xeTze daiwyes da gansakuTrebiT iezdigerd II-is mefo-
bis Jams (438-457). pirvelad aq iqmna damxobili mefoba.
somxeTi samarzpanod pirvelad maSin iqca. did-azna-
urobas _ naxararebs _ winadadeba miecaT mefisaTvis
samsaxuri gaewiaT mxedrobis gamoyvaniTa da fuladi
saxsrebis gaRebiT. magram esec ar akmares. saboloo
SemoerTebisaTvis rjulis erTobis sakiTxic daisva
(iezdigerdis mefobis me-12 wels, e.i. 449 w.). erTianoba
am sferoSi imitom iyo aucilebeli, rom dasavleTTan
yovelgvari kavSiri gawyvetiliyo. somxeTis Semdeg es
sakiTxebi morigad iqcnen qarTlisa da albaneTisaTvis.
yvelaze adre ki igi uSualod qvemo qarTls anu,
somxebi rom gugarqs eZaxdnen, exeboda. es gugareTi,
romlis mosaxleoba am droisaTvis narevi iyo, wina sa-
ukuneebSi masze somxeTis garkveuli saxis politikuri
batonobis gamo (igi misi sapitiaxSo iyo), marTalia, ma-
Sin qarTlis samefos ekuTvnoda, magram misi pitiaxSe-
bis xaziT somex did-did aznaurobasTan, kerZod, mami-
konianebTan erTgvar axlo SexebaSi iyo. es pitiaxSebi
emoyvrebodnen naxararebs (arSuSa mag. qvisli iyo
vardan mamikonianis biZis hmaiakisa; varsqeni kidev, ro-
gorc Cveni wamebebi mowmoben _ siZea vardanisa), Semwe-
obas uCenen erTmaneTs (hmaiakis Svilebi _ vahani da
misi Zmebi _ dedasTan erTad sparsTa tyveobidan dax-
snilni, arSuSas sapitiaxSos kars izrdebian) da erT
xvedrsac iziareben iezdigerdis laSqrobisas (arSuSa
mZevalia samefo kars msgavsad zogierTi somexi did-
didi aznaurisa) da sxv... erTi sityviT, sparseTis moci-
le somex did-did aznaurTa (mamikonianelebisa da sx.)
rigebSi myofni Tu ara, TanamgrZnobi da neitralobis
25
damcvelebi mainc Canan qarTlis pitiaxSebi. yovel Sem-
TxvevaSi vasak sivnielis saqmeTagan Sors dgas arSuSa
pitiaxSi da erT xans mainc, albaT, misi memkvidre
varsqenic.
iezdigerdi Tavisi laSqrobis win da mermec TviT
laSqrobis Jams Tavis zraxvaTa sisruleSi mosayvanad
cecxl-msaxurT anu mogvebs agzavnis qarTls, alvaneT-
sa da somxeTs. lazare farpelis cnobiT qarTls 300
mogvi gamogzavna. maT saqmianobas erTgvarad frTa ga-
uSlia qarTlSi, rogorc amas qarTuli wyaroebi mow-
mobs. TanamgrZnobebi gauCeniaT politikis meoxebiT:
mimZlavrebiTa da gadabirebiT. cxadia, maTi erT-erTi
mZlavri bude qvemo qarTlSiac iqneboda, miT umetes,
rom qvemo-qarTlis pitiaxSebi aqtiuri winaaRmdegobis
gzaze ar Cans, rom mdgariyvnen iranelTa mimarT.
qarTuli wamebis wigniT (iakobisa) am mogvTa mzrun-
veloba varsqenis mimarT naTlad Cans. sparsi vinme mog-
vi ara erTgzis aZlevs garkveul rCevas varsqens. isini
cdiloben SuSanikis damorCilebasac da sx... udaod
maT gavlenas unda mieweros varsqenis uarismyoflo-
bac. maTdami TanagrZnoba da maT mxareze gadasvla var-
sqenisa SuSanikisaTvis Tavidanve SesamCnevi iqneboda.
misTvis, cxadia, sasiamovno ar iqneboda amiT im somex
did-did aznaurTaTvis zurgis Seqceva, romlebic ira-
nis mimarT aSkarad Tu TvalTmaqcurad sawinaaRmdegod
iyvnen ganwyobili. rogorc Cans, varsqenis geziTa da
sazogadod saqcieliT arc qarTlis mefe unda yofi-
liyo kmayofili, risTvisac, swored Sesafer momentSi
kidec mokla igi. vimeoreb: SuSaniki ar gamxdara qmris
qcevaTa da orientaciis gamziarebeli; gvgonia, rom
ufro varsqenis politikuri da sazogadod orientaci-
ad aRebuli gza unda yofiliyo maT Soris aSlisa da
mdgomareobis gamwvavebis mizezi, vidre varsqenis uaris-
myofloba anda SuSanikis mier varsqenis Seuracxyofa
palatis datevebiT, da miT umetes iseTi mizezi, rogo-
ricaa `SiSiTa kacTaÁTa gina Tu nefsiT TÂsiT asuli-
sa TÂsisaTÂs Sevardna moguebasa~.
qristianobis Ralats garda rom sxva ufro Rrma mi-
zezi unda iyos varsqenisa da SuSanikis dacilebisa, es
26
erTgvarad xucesisa da SuSanikis pirvel saubarSive
unda ganismodes: `da varqu me sanatrelsa mas xuaSiad-
ad-re `viTar gegulebis, miTxar me, raÁTa uwyodi da
aRvwero SromaÁ Seni~. xolo man mrqua me _ `raÁsa mki-
Txav amas?~ da me miuge da varqu mas: `mtkiced sdgaa?~ da
man mrqua me: `n u i y o f i n C e m d a , T u m c a v e z i -
are saqmeTa da codvaTa varsqenisaTa~.
riT unda aixsnebodes aseTi alegoriuli Tu ara,
bundovani Tqmebi mowamisa da misi moZRvrisa? an imiT,
rom iakob xucesi rogorc Tanamedrove da TviTmxilve-
li avtori, erideboda wyromas SuSanikis mocile da
mowinaaRmdege mxarisas, romelsac im kuTxis politi-
kursa da sazogadoebriv sferoSi meti xvedriTi wona
hqonda, anda imiT, rom varsqenis `saqmeTa da codvaTa~
Sesaxeb mas ukve hqonda erTgan saubari, Sromis pirvel
nawilSi, romelsac Cvenamdis ar mouRwevia. amitomac
SemdegisaTvis avtori mas aRar imeorebs da marto gak-
vriT miuTiTebs mkiTxvels. orSi erTi, ufro ki ukanas-
kneli. yovel SemTxvevaSi ara is, TiTqos qarTvelma
agiografma, rogorc ara-Tanamedrovema da falsifika-
torma, ar icodes igi da mis gamo arRvevdes Txrobis
mTlianobas erTmaneTTan SeuTanxmebeli mxareebis da-
saxelebiT (P. P e e t e r s _ S a i n t e S o u s a n i k . . . Ànal.
Bollan~, LIII, fasc. IV, gv. 286).
amrigad, udaod sagulisxmo mosazrebad da vgoneb
sinamdvilesTan axlo mdgomad misaCnevia P. P e e t e p s -
iseburi axsna imisa, rom varsqenis gamazdeanebis mize-
zi marto religiis SecvliT ki ar aris gamowveuli,
aramed maSindeli soc.-politikuri mdgomareobiT, oR-
ond mizezis saTanado gamovlineba, romelic sruli
sicxadiT martvilobis arc erT wigns ar gaaCnia, mainc
ramdenadac ki moepoebaT, ufro marTebulad qarTuli
martvilobis wigniT (iakob curtavelisa) aris warmar-
Tuli, vidre somxuri wignebiT da am mxriTac, maSasa-
dame, qarTuli somxurze ufro mTliani da xeluxle-
beli (amdenadve pirvandeli) Zeglic aris.
27
Sermadin oniani
iakob xucesis `wamebaÁ wmidisa SuSanikisi~∗
SuSanikis `martviloba~, rogorc mxatvruli nawar-

moebi, araCveulebrivi movlenaa ara marto Zvel qar-
Tul mwerlobaSi, aramed aseve somxur mwerlobaSic.
somxur enazec iTargmna igi da amjerad arsebobs misi
somxuri redaqciac. es redaqcia ramdenadme gansxvave-
bulia qarTulisgan: aklia bevri epizodi, qarTulis
bevri brwyinvale mxatvruli adgili. garda amisa, Txzu-
leba alag-alag gavrcobilia grZeli locvebiT, RvTis-
metyveluri adgilebiT. ase rom, mxatvrulobis Tval-
sazrisiT is Camouvardeba iakob xucesis Txzulebas,
somxuri redaqciis pirvelwyaros. miuxedavad amisa, mas
Semounaxavs mainc qarTuli redaqciis zogadi mxatvru-
li saxe calkeuli epizodebis, saerTo Sinaarsisa da
sxva mxatvruli adgilebis saxiT. somxur samecniero
literaturaSi is miCneulia originalur nawarmoebad,
rac simarTles ar Seefeeba, magram amjerad Cven es ar
gvainteresebs. mTavaria CvenTvis somex mecnierTa azri
SuSanikis `martvilobis~ somxuri redaqciis mxatvrul
Rirebulebaze da mis mimarTebaze Zvel somxur agiog-
rafiul ZeglebTan. cnobili somexi mecnieri manuk abe-
Riani somxuri literaturis istoriis kursSi sagange-
bod gamoyofs SuSanikis `martvilobas~, rogorc yve-
laze srulyofil nawarmoebs somxur agiografiaSi.
1973 wels rusul enaze gamovida somxuri agiografiis
Zeglebi, Targmnili k. s. ter-davTianis mier, saTanado
gamokvlevisa da komentarebis darTviT. mTargmnelisa
da mkvlevar-komentatoris azriT, SuSanikis `martvi-
loba~ warmoadgens Zveli somxuri agiografiis marga-
lits (39, gv. 194). orive gamoxatavs SuSanikis `martvi-
lobis~ Sesaxeb somxur samecniero literaturaSi Se-
muSavebul azrs, maT saerTo Sexedulebas da Sefase-
∗
S. oniani, iakob xucesis `wamebaÁ wmidisa SuSanikisi~, Tb., 1978, gv. 117-
118.
28
bas. ase rom, maTze damyarebiT SegviZlia vTqvaT:
SuSanikis `martviloba~ Tavisi mxatvruli siZlieriT
gamoirCeva somxuri agiografiis fonzec. iq, is miCne-
ulia Zvirfas margalitad, romelsac sxva agiografi-
uli Zeglebi Tvals ver usworeben. rac Seexeba Txzu-
lebis somxur redaqcias, is qarTulzea damyarebuli,
mis erTgvar gadamuSavebas warmoadgens da ar aris
somxuri originaluri nawarmoebi. aq ar SeiZleba ori
azri arsebobdes.
amgvarad, SuSanikis `martviloba~ Zveli qarTuli mwer-
lobis klasikuri nimuSia, mxatvruli sityvis ubadlo
Zegli, romelic dResac Tavdapirveli sinaTliT brwyi-
navs, gvxiblavs Tavisi uSualobiT da mxatvruli siZ-
lieriT. 1500-ma welma, rac misi Seqmnis droidan gavi-
da, mas mxolod dideba da pativi Semata. ara gvgonia
mas odesme Crdili miayenos drom da mkacrma litera-
turulma kritikam.
29
nikoloz janaSia
SuSanikis wameba∗
qronologiuradac da xasiaTiTac `SuSanikis wameba~

adrindel agiografiul mwerlobas ganekuTvneba. mar-
Talia, am periodis sakuTriv qarTuli mwerlobis sxva
Zeglebs Cvenamde ar mouRwevia, magram adrindel agiog-
rafiul mwerlobaze msjeloba bizantiuri agiografi-
is mixedviTac SegviZlia. amis uflebas gvaZlevs `SuSa-
nikis wamebis~ ara marto qronologiuri da tipologi-
uri siaxlove imave periodis bizantiur agiografias-
Tan, aramed ueWveli pirdapiri kavSiric masTan. da ma-
inc, ar iqneba gademetebuli, Tu vityviT, rom iakobis
Txzuleba aSkarad gansxvavdeba Tavis Tanamedrove sxva
agiografiul TxzulebaTagan. es gansxvaveba gamoixate-
ba ara marto realisturobaSi, kidev ufro met uSu-
alobasa da gulwrfelobaSi, aramed mis gansakuTre-
bul siRrmeSi, mis gansakuTrebul mxatvrul ZalaSi.
`SuSanikis wamebis~ avtori iakobi WeSmaritad udidesi
niWiT dajildoebuli mweralia...
`SuSanikis wameba~ uaRresad saintereso da mniSvne-
lovani saistorio wyarocaa. masSi savsebiT realistu-
radaa aRwerili V s. meore naxevris qarTli, mocemu-
lia metad mniSvnelovani cnobebi politikuri da so-
cialuri brZolebisa Tu damokidebulebebis Sesaxeb,
gasaocari sicxadiTaa naCvenebi Zveli yofa, Cvens Tval-
win gacocxlebulia imdroindeli adamianebi Tavisi
namdvili miswrafebebiTa da vnebebiT. mravali Tval-
sazrisiT am Txzulebas badali ara hyavs qarTul is-
toriografiaSi. magram iseve rogorc literaturuli,
wyaroTmcodneobiTi Tu istoriuli TvalsazrisiTac
igi jer kidev araa saTanadod Seswavlili. misi Ses-
wavlis dros Cndeba mravali zogadsaliteraturo sa-
∗
nikoloz janaSia, `SuSanikis wameba~ (istoriul-wyaroTmcodneobiTi
gamokvleva), Tb., 1988, gv. 368-373.
30
kiTxi. dRemde, SeiZleba iTqvas, yuradReba eqceoda um-
Tavresad mxolod ZiriTadi istoriul-qronologiuri
problemis, kerZod, `wamebis~ daweris drois da sxva-
dasxva redaqciaTa urTierTdamokidebulebis dadgenas,
magram aqac jer kidev yvelaferi sabolood garkveuli
araa. magaliTad: `SuSanikis wamebis~ daweris dro sak-
mao sizustiTaa dadgenili s. gorgaZis, iv. javaxiS-
vilis, k. kekeliZis mier. Tumca es daTariReba savsebiT
damajerebeli da sarwmunoa, saWiroa enobrivma analiz-
mac daadasturos igi, radgan `wamebis~ uZvelesi xel-
naweri X s-ze adrindeli araa. rogorc iTqva, es Txzu-
leba jer kidev araa monografiulad Seswavlili enis
TvalsazrisiT, rac imdenadve gaugebaria, ramdenadac
Seuwynarebeli. xolo, sanam aseTi samuSuao Catarebu-
li ar iqneba, `SuSanikis wamebis~ daTariRebis sakiTxi
sabolood amowurulad ver CaiTvleba.
`wamebis~ enobriv SeswavlasTan erTad saWiroa misi
stilisturi da teqstologiuri Seswavlac, raTa meti
sicxade iqnas Setanili im sakiTxSi, Tu ra saxiT mo-
aRwia Cvenamde Txzulebis teqstma da ra cvlileba ga-
nicada man droTa ganmavlobaSi.
`SuSanikis wamebis~ teqstis Seswavlis procesSi, ra
Tqma unda, erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi problemaa misi
redaqciebis urTierTdamokidebuleba. miuxedavad imisa,
rom am problemazec arsebobs iv. javaxiSvilisa da k.
kekeliZis avtoritetuli da savsebiT swori debulebe-
bi, xolo i. abulaZes ki gamoqveynebuli aqvs brwyinva-
le gamokvleva, jer kidev rCeba sakiTxebi, romlebic
moiTxoven dazustebas.
rogorc iTqva, saWiroa `SuSanikis wamebis~, rogorc
saistorio wyaros, Semdgomi Seswavla, masSi aRwerili
ambebis realur-istoriuli Rirebulebis dazusteba.
`SuSanikis wamebis~ wminda literaturuli analizi mo-
iTxovs qarTuli agiografiis TaviseburebaTa gaTva-
liswinebas, misi specifikurobis warmoCenas sxva xal-
xTa Tanadroul (da ara marto Tanadroul) agiografi-
ul mwerlobebTan SedarebiT. mxolod amis Semdeg ga-
irkveva `SuSanikis wamebis~ nadvili adgili jer sa-
kuTriv qarTul agiografiaSi da, saerTod, qarTul
31
literaturaSi, xolo Semdeg ki msoflio agiografiasa
da msoflio literaturaSi. amgvari kvleva sabolood
gaarkvevda, Tu romel literaturul Janrs ganekuTvne-
bian `SuSanikis wameba~ da Zveli qarTuli literatu-
ris zogi sxva Zegli, romelTa Janrobrivi gansazRvra
jer kidev yvelasTvis erTnairad misaRebi araa.
Cveni azriT, Semdgom gaRrmavebul kvlevas moiTxovs
`SuSanikis wamebis~ sxva literaturuli mxareebic. ma-
galiTad, moqmed pirTa saxeebi, avtoris, rogorc erT-
erTi moqmedi piris, adgili moTxrobaSi, mxatvruli
stili, mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebi da sxva...
dabolos, kidev erTxel gvinda gavimeoroT, rom
`SuSanikis wameba~ uaRresad saintereso da mniSvnelo-
vani Zeglia rogorc literaturuli, ise wyaroTmcod-
neobiTi TvalsazrisiT da misi yovelmxrivi Rrma Ses-
wavla momavlis saqmea. gamovTqvamT Rrma rwmenas, rom
amgvari Seswavla kidev ukeT warmoaCens mis brwyinvale
literaturul Rirsebebs da yvelasaTvis cxadyofs, Tu
ratomaa es patara wignaki mravalsaukunovani qarTuli
literaturis siamaye, misi erT-erTi umaRlesi mwvervali.
32
manana gigineiSvili
iakob xucesis `SuSanikis wameba~∗
V saukunis literaturuli nawarmoebis Sesaswav-

lad, misi Janruli specifikis, kompoziciuri da sti-
luri niSnebis, misi saxismetyvelebiTi sistemis gamo-
savlenad uTuod gvmarTebs gaTvaliswineba adreul
Sua saukuneTa literaturis specifikisa. `SuSanikis
wamebis~ Seqmnis xanaSi gauTiSvelia SemecnebiTi, eTi-
kuri da esTetikuri kategoriebi, Taviseburia am epo-
qis xelovanis damokidebuleba SemoqmedebiTi procesi-
sadmi, gansxvavebulia samyarosa da adamianis miseuli
xedva, gmiris ideali, gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebi.
TviTSemecnebis qristianuli gza qristes baZviT
adamianis sulier amaRlebaSi mdgomareobda. martvi-
loba iyo qristes vnebaTa gaziareba da damowmeba.
berZnuli `martvili~ da qarTuli `mowame~ niSnavs `mow-
mes~, orivem Semdeg miiRo `wamebulis~ mniSvneloba.
martvilni sakuTari tanjviT emowmebodnen macxovris
vnebebs, misi baZviT, misi tanjvis gaziarebiT adastu-
rebdnen, rom SesaZlebelia warmaval RirebulebaTa
miRma sulieri Rirebulebebisken swrafva, sulieri
amaRleba, sakuTar arsebaSi RvTaebrivi arsis gaRviZeba.
qristianulma Sua saukuneebma adamianis ori tipi
icis: wmindani da codvili. monaniebis principma wmin-
danad aqcia avazaki da meZavi. am epoqis msoflmxedve-
lobis Sesabamisad, mwerloba aRwers pirovnebaSi
momxdar Zvras, magram ara _ pirovnebis TandaTanobiT
ganviTarebas da dadebiTi sawyisisadmi daqvemdebare-
bas uaryofiTi Tvisebebisas, wmindani bavSvobidanve
gamoirCeva RvTismoSiSebiT, an masSi xdeba saswauleb-
rivi gardasaxva. igi rCeulia, adamianis pirvelsaxem-
dea amaRlebuli, znesruli pirovnebaa. mas uaryofi-
Ti Tvisebebi ar gaaCnia.
∗
m. gigineiSvili, iakob xucesis `SuSanikis wameba~. J. `saunje~, 1978, #6,
gv. 223-235.
33
renesansis epoqamde Sua saukuneebis azrovnebas
aseve sworxazovnad esaxeba uaryofiTi gmiric, mis-
Tvis Seuferebelia raime dadebiTi Tviseba. gmiris
xasiaTis sirTule, uaryofiT TvisebaTa gverdiT da-
debiTis arseboba am droisTvis uCveuloa. adreul
Sua saukuneTa mwerloba xatavs zogadad adamians,
magram ar xatavs xasiaTs, individs. aseTi viTarebaa
ara mxolod literaturaSi, aseTia cnobierebis saer-
To procesi. amitomaa, rom Sua saukuneebis mxatvro-
baSi gvaqvs xati da ara _ portreti.
hagiografia adamianis pirvelsaxes miaxlebuli ide-
aluri gmiris daxatvas isaxavs miznad. magram hagi-
ografiuli nawarmoebis gmiri amave dros realuri
istoriuli pirovnebaa. hagiografi `mravlisagan mci-
reds~ aRwerda da am `mciredSi~ xvdeboda is, rac mis
SemoqmedebiT meTods SeeTavseboda.
qriste, rogorc `zeciuri sasiZo~, da mowamebrivi
gza, rogorc `RvTaebrivi qorwineba~, farTod gavrce-
lebuli saxe-simboloa qristianul mwerlobaSi. su-
lieri srulyofis qristianobamdeli gza adamianis
RvTaebriv arss moiazrebda `RvTaebrivi sasiZos~ sa-
xiT, srulyofis gzaze Semdgari pirovneba `sZlad~
iyo simbolurad gaazrebuli. adamianis sulis es
swrafva sakuTari RvTaebrivi arsisaken satrfialo
dialogis saxes iRebs qeba qebaTaSi. RvTaebrivi qor-
wineba dasturdeba Zveli aRTqmis sxva wignebSic.
axalma aRTqmam RvTis sityvis gansxeulebas daukav-
Sira adamianis srulyofa da `RvTaebriv sasiZod~
uSualod qriste iqna dasaxuli.
`RvTaebrivi qorwinebis~ idea safuZvlad udevs
`SuSanikis wamebas~. iakob xucesi gviCvenebs SuSanikis
sulieri amaRlebis gzas varsqenis `bunebiTi~ colo-
bidan `qristes sZlamde~. mowamebriv gzaze Semdgari
SuSaniki swored amitom `sawuTro meuRles~ uwodebs
varsqens. SuSaniki ganZarculia sadedoflo samkaul-
Tagan da daborkilia `sakrvelTagan~. sasuliero
mwerlobaSi `sakrveli~ codvaTa metaforaa: `Sekrul
var codvaTagan, viTarca sakrveliTa rkinisaÁTa~
(ioane oqropiri). amqveyniuri pativis momaswavebel
34
samkaulTagan ganZarcul da codvaTa borkilebisgan
ganTavisuflebul SuSaniks rkinis `sakrveli~ hqcevia
sulis samkaulad. nagvemi SuSaniki iyo `Suenierad,
viTarca sZali Semkuli sakrvelTa maTgan~, _ ase
dagvixata iakob xucesma mowamis sulieri amaRleba.
epoqis idealebs pozitiurisa da negatiuris dapi-
rispirebiT amkvidrebs iakobi. erTmaneTs upirispirde-
ba ara mxolod mowame da martvili, `qristes sZlad~
qceva da `sawuTro meuRlisagan~ gandgoma. es dapi-
rispireba nawarmoebis kompoziciis warmmarTveli prin-
cipia: erTmaneTs upirispirdeba qristianoba da maz-
deanoba, rwmena da urwmunoeba, maradiuli cxovreba
da `sawuTo~ yofa, sulieri siZliere da uxeSi fizi-
kuri Zala, `suliTa cxovel~ da `suliTa momkudar~
yofna, `didebaÁ RmrTisaÁ ~ da `didebaÁ kacTaÁ~. es
ZiriTadi kompoziciuri principi nawarmoebSi vlinde-
ba sxvadasxva doneze: gmirTa sapirispiro qcevaSi, xaz-
gasmiT sapirispiro tropebSi (`samgzis sanatreli~ _
`samgzis sawyalobeli~, `mowame RmrTisaÁ~ _ `mteri
RmrTisaÁ~, `kravi~ _ `mgeli~); `man uJamod yuavili Cemi
daaWno~, _ ityvis SuSaniki varsqenis Sesaxeb da iqve
dasZens: èse yoveli cxorebaÁ, viTarca yuavili vel-
TaÁ, warmaval ars da daudgromel~; RviniT savse Wi-
qas Sealewavs jojikis cols, magram uars ar ambobs
iakob xucesis mier SeTavazebul RvinoSi Cambal pur-
ze, episkoposTagan moZRvnil `Wamadze~, rac qristes
sisxlisa da xorcis ziarebad aRiqmeba. Rvinis es
ori SeTavazeba exmianeba axali aRTqmis muxlebs:
`ver Ãel-gewifebis sasumeli uflisaÁ sumad da sasu-
meli eSmakTaÁ, ver Ãel-gewifebis tablasa uflisasa
ziarebaÁ da tablasa eSmakTasa~ (I korinTelTa, X, 21).
V saukunis qarTul literaturul qmnilebas sa-
fuZvlad udevs qristianuli saxismetyveleba. iakob
xucesi konkretulisa da simboluris SerwymiT aR-
wevs Tavis mizans, realur sagansa Tu movlenas sim-
boluri azriT tvirTavs da adamianis sulieri amaR-
lebis mowmed xdis Tavis imJamindel msmenelsa da
dRevandel mkiTxvels.
35
Tamaz WilaZe
iakob curtavelis `SuSanikis wameba~∗
TxuTmeti saukunis winaT saqarTveloSi daiwera ro-

mani – iakob curtavelis `SuSanikis wameba~, romelic
dResac didi interesiT ikiTxeba, rogorc adamianTa
boboqari vnebebis wigni, Tavisi dramatizmiT da xasi-
aTebis simZafriT antikuri tragediebis simaRleze rom
dgas. es romani da masTan erTad mravali sxvac, rom-
lebic Zvel qarTul prozas warmoadgens, dRes kidev
erTxel gvagrZnobinebs, Tu rogor hgvanan adamianebi
erTimeores da rogor vibrZodiT Cven mTeli istoriis
manZilze yvelaze didi wmindanobis – adamianobis da-
samkvidreblad. literaturis istoriam bevri magaliTi
icis, roca nawarmoebi misi gamoqveynebidan didi xnis
mere iqna namdvilad wakiTxuli. bevri sityva Tu fraza
uecrad akiafda. an niJarasaviT gadaixsna, TiTqos adre
teqstSi arc ki iyo da axla Cvens Tvalwin daibadao.
daibada da mTel nawarmoebs Suqi mohfina...
Rrmad var darwmunebuli, rom raRac saidumlo kav-

Siri arsebobs am sam sikvdils Soris:
476 wels – SuSaniki,
482 wels – varsqeni,
502 wels – vaxtang gorgasali,
es aris ormxrivi, faruli (istoriisTvisac ki!)
brZolis Sedegi. Tanac araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZ-
leba mxedvelobidan gamogvrCes varsqenis gamazdeane-
buli memkvidreni. im drosac ara marto brZolis vel-
ze ibrZodnen, aramed ufro cxare, me vityodi, ufro
sisxliani brZola istoriis kulisebSi mimdinareobda.
es iyo brZolis yvelaze gaafTrebuli, yvelaze daun-
dobeli da amave dros yvela brZolasTan SedarebiT
yvelaze mniSvnelovani brZola – ideologiuri brZola!
∗
T. WilaZe, iakob curtavelis `SuSanikis wameba~, wignSi: werilebi, Tb.,
1978, gv. 193-228.
36
im asparezze, sadac erTmaneTs xvdeboda, xvdeboda
ki ara – exeTqeboda ori religia, ori mrwamsi da, rac
mTavaria, ori politikuri pozicia – dampyroblisa da
dapyrobilisa, gamarjvebulisa da SeTqmulisa, yvelaze
naRdi da nacadi iaraRi (es araerTi magaliTiT das-
turdeba istoriaSi) mosasxamis qveS damaluli danaa,
anda mowamluli isari, romliTac aqilevsiviT mokles
(gaixseneT iRliaSi garRveuli abjari!) mZleTamZle
gmiri, vaxtang mefe, marTlac, aqilevsis msgavsi aRna-
gobisa da Zalis patroni.
`SuSanikis wameba~ TavisTavad didad mniSvnelovani
iqneboda CvenTvis, rogorc pirveli, Cvenamde moRweuli
qarTuli mwerlobis faqti, magram ramdenad mniSvnelo-
vania is ambavic, rom es aris didi romani, fuZe qar-
Tuli mwerlobis diadi Senobisa, didi gakveTili os-
tatobisa, bolomde amouxsneli gamocana, romelic ase
darCeba sul, rogorc yvela WeSmariti qmnileba xe-
lovnebisa, raTa mravali da mravali Taoba gaaocos
da moxiblos momavalSic.
37
fragmenti `SuSanikis wamebis~ Semcveli
parxlis mravalTavis xelnaweridan
(A-95, X s.)
I
wm. vaxtang gorgasali
wminda SuSanikis xati
II
saTaveebTan
irina nacvliSvili
`SuSanikis wamebis~ Seswavlis istoria da

Tanamedrove mdgomareoba
saqarTvelos istoriul teritoriaze, tao-klarjeT-

Si, md. parxliswylis xeobaSi mdebareobs X saukuneSi
ioane naTlismcemlis saxelze agebuli parxlis monas-
teri, romelic, am regionis sxva qristianuli Zeglebis
msgavsad, Sua saukuneebis qarTuli kulturisa da mwig-
nobrobis mZlavri kera yofila. swored parxlis mo-
nasterTan aris dakavSirebuli ramdenime mniSvnelovani
xelnaweri, maT Soris _ Ggabriel pataraÁs mier `dedi-
Ta iSxnisaÁTa~ gadawerili mravalTavi (X s.), romel-
mac Semogvinaxa qvemo qarTlis sapitiaxSos dedoflis,
SuSanikis, `martvilobis~ (V s.) yvelaze adrindeli teqsti.
`SuSanikis wameba~, dReisaTvis arsebuli, mecnieru-
lad dasabuTebuli cnobebis mixedviT, qarTuli mwer-
lobis saTaveebTan dgas (miuxedavad imisa, rom arse-
bobs araerTi safuZvliani varaudi zogierTi Cvenamde
moRweuli teqstis [`farnavazis cxovreba~, `wminda
ninos cxovreba~, ioane zosimes ~qebaÁ da didebaÁ qar-
Tulisa enisaÁ~ da sxv.] adrindelobis Sesaxeb). amito-
mac bunebrivia, rom Zvelidan moyolebuli dRemde mis
mimarT mkvlevarTa interesi ar Senelebula. Tumca, ra-
sakvirvelia, am interess mxolod Txzulebis uZvele-
soba rodi ganapirobebs, aramed, upirvelesad, is lite-
raturuli Rirsebebi, romlebiTac `SuSanikis wameba~
aSkarad erT-erTi gamorCeuli Zeglia qarTuli mwer-
lobis istoriaSi.
`SuSanikis wamebis~ mecnieruli Seswavlis procesi
araerT saukunes moicavs. Aam statiaSi Cven, ra Tqma un-
da, ver SevZlebT Txzulebis kvlevis mTeli istoriis
warmoCenas, magram SevecdebiT gamovyoT misi ZiriTadi
38
etapebi da is mniSvnelovani Sedegebi, romlebic na-
Tels hfens teqstTan dakavSirebul problematikas.
`SuSanikis martvilobis~ mecnieruli Seswavla is-
toriul-literaturuli da bibliografiuli cnobebis
moZiebiT, analiziTa da SejerebiT daiwyo. imTaviTve
gamoiyo ramdenime kardinaluri sakiTxi: Txzulebis av-
tori, TariRi, teqstSi asaxul movlenaTa qronologia,
dasawyisis problema, qarTul-somxur redaqciaTa ur-
TierTmimarTeba da sxv. bunebrivia, pirvel yovlisa, yu-
radReba mieqca Zvel qarTul wyaroTa monacemebs, Tum-
ca, samwuxarod, es wyaroebi ZiriTadad sando ver aR-
moCnda. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁ~ (IX
s.), juanSeris `cxovreba vaxtang gorgaslisa~ (XI s.),
vaxuSti bagrationis saistorio Txzuleba (XVIII s.),
anton kaTalikosis `martirika~ (XVIII s.) da ioane bag-
rationis `kalmasoba~ (XIX s.). faqtobrivad, yvela es
wyaro SuSanikis wamebis faqts bakuris mefobis xanaSi,
VI saukunis meore naxevarSi, aTavsebs.
dasaxelebuli wyaroebis qronologiuri cnobebi uk-
ritikod gaiziara zogierTma mkvlevarmac, Tumca, XIX
saukuneSive, somxuri masalebis Seswavlis safuZvelze,
cxadi gaxda, rom qvemo qarTlis pitiaxSisa da misi
meuRlis, SuSanikis, konfliqti, romelic am ukanaskne-
lis mowamebrivi aRsasruliT dasrulda, vaxtang gor-
gaslis mefobiT, anu V saukunis meore naxevriT, unda
daTariRdes. pirvelad es Tvalsazrisi gamoTqva p. iose-
lianma (ioseliani 1843: 55; ioseliani 1850: 57-63), xolo
Semdeg _ mari brosem (brose 1851: 74-80, 114-117; brose
1895: 81-82). man, rogorc juanSeris Txzulebis qarTuli
teqstisa da misi franguli Targmanis gamomcemelma,
detalurad gaaanaliza qarTveli mematianis cnoba da
somxur wyaroebTan SepirispirebiT arsebiTad marTebu-
li daskvna gamoitana, rodesac SuSanikis wameba
vaxtang gorgaslis mefobiT daaTariRa.
`SuSanikis wamebis~ mecnierul kvlevas didad Se-
uwyo xeli misma beWdurma gamocemam (sabinini 1882: 181-
192), miuxedavad imisa, rom teqstSi bevri Secdomaa da
Txzulebis marTebulad aRqmas aferxebs gamomcemlis
mier CarTuli axsniTi sityvebi Tu winadadebebi. ro-
39
gorc SeniSnulia samecniero literaturaSi, `SuSani-
kis wamebis~ teqstSi CarTul Tu sqolioSi mocemul
ganmartebebisaTvis m. sabinini sargeblobs `qarTlis
cxovrebiT~ (qarTul da frangul enebze), anton bagra-
tionis `martirikiT~, ioane bagrationis `kalmasobiT~,
p. ioselianis SromebiT. damowmebul literaturas zog-
jer miuTiTebs, xSirad ki wyaros dausaxeleblad to-
vebs. am wyaroebidan `SuSanikis wamebis~ gamocemaSi m.
sabininis mier Setanilia ramdenime sayuradRebo cnoba
iseT sakiTxebze, rogoricaa: 1. SuSanikis warmomavlo-
ba, 2. varsqenis vinaoba, 3. Txzulebis avtoris saxeli,
4. SuSanikis gardacvalebis TariRi, 5. varsqenis sik-
vdiliT dasja vaxtang gorgaslis mier, SuSanikis dak-
rZalva jer curtavs da kirionis dros Tbilisis me-
texis taZarSi gadmosveneba~ (cxadaZe 1978: 174-175). Zi-
riTadad, m. sabininis mier `SuSanikis wamebis~ teqstsa
Tu sqolioebSi Setanili, iakob xucesis Txzulebisa-
gan gansxvavebuli informacia aris redaqtoris zemoT
miTiTebul wyaroTa erTgvari kompilacia erTi cvli-
lebiT: SuSanikis gardacvalebidan 120 wlis Semdeg
misi wminda nawilebis curtavidan metexis taZarSi
gadmosvenebis (rasac, Tavis mxriv, mecnieruli safuZve-
li ar aqvs da zepirgadmocemas unda emyarebodes) Ta-
riRad is, p. ioselianisagan (586 w. _ i.n.) gansxvavebiT,
578 wels asaxelebs, vinaidan fiqrobs, rom dedofali
458 w. aResrula (m. sabininis gamocemis Sesaxeb _
cxadaZe 1978: 174-182).
m. sabininisa da m. broses cnobaTa safuZvelze `Su-
Sanikis wamebas~ V saukunis meore naxevriT aTariRebda
d. baqraZec (vaxuSti 1885: 105; baqraZe 1889: 176), agreTve,
teqstis meored gamomcemeli s. gorgaZe (iakob xucesi
1917). is miiCnevda, rom varsqenma cecxlTayvanismcemlo-
ba miiRo 466 wels, xolo SuSaniki aResrula 472 wlis
17 oqtombers (iakob xucesi 1917: 26-37; gorgaZe 1925). i.
javaxiSvilic fiqrobs, rom SuSaniki 472 wels unda
gardacvliliyo (javaxiSvili 1977: 58). es TariRi som-
xuri svinaqsaris cnobebsa da `wamebis~ teqstze dak-
virvebis Sedegad daazusta k. kekeliZem da warmogvid-
gina TxzulebaSi aRweril movlenaTa sruli qrono-
40
logia (kekeliZe 1980: 117-118). mecnieris daskvniT, SuSa-
nik dedofali aResrula 475 wlis 17 oqtombers, pa-
raskev dRes, xolo misi xseneba, imJamindeli eortalo-
giuri praqtikis Sesabamisad, ganuwesebiaT xuTSabaTs.
aqve k. kekeliZe asaxelebs Txzulebis daweris savara-
udo TariRs _ 476-483 ww., vinaidan, imJamindeli mona-
cemebiT, varsqeni 484 wels mokles, TxzulebaSi ki is
cocxali Cans. dRevandel istoriografiaSi garkve-
ulia, rom moRalate varsqen pitiaxSi vaxtang gorga-
salma 482 wels moakvlevina, amdenad, `SuSanikis wame-
bis~ dawera 475 wlis 17 oqtobris Semdeg 482 wlamde
unda vivaraudoT.
k. kekeliZe sagangebod saubrobs `SuSanikis wamebis~
avtorze. faqtobrivad, misi dasaxeleba problemuri
arc gamxdara, vinaidan mis Sesaxeb cnobebs Tavad Txzu-
leba Seicavs. Ppirvelad amisTvis yuradReba miuqcevia
anton kaTalikoss, swored man scno yvelaze adre
Txzulebis avtorad iakob xucesi. rogorc Cans, anto-
nis cnobas eyrdnoba m. sabininic, romelic teqstis
TiTqmis dasawyisSive rTavs frCxilebSi Casmul SeniS-
vnas: `hswers iakob xucesi~ (sabinini 1882: 182). Txzule-
bis meored gamomcemelic, s. gorgaZe, `SuSanikis wame-
bis~ avtorad iakob xucess asaxelebs, Tumca, rogorc
SeniSnavs i. javaxiSvili, àrc winasityvaobaSi, arc Se-
niSvnebSi es cnoba dasabuTebuli ar aqvs. Mmxolod sa-
ZiebliTgan (ix. iakob) SeiZleba mkiTxveli mixvdes, rom
mas amgvar sabuTad TviT avtorisave is sityvebi aqvs
miCneuli, romelzedac albaT sabininis cnobac unda
iyos damyarebuli~ (javaxiSvili 1977: 56). misgan gan-
sxvavebiT, i. javaxiSvilsa da k. kekeliZes `wamebis~ teq-
stidan moaqvT araerTi argumenti imis dasturad, rom
Txzuleba dauweria SuSanikis moZRvarsa da karis
mRvdels, iakobs, romelic ubralo Tanamedrove ki ar
iyo, aramed monawile moTxrobili ambebisa. is pitiax-
Sis sasaxlesTan metad daaxloebul pirad moCans, ro-
melsac dedoflis martvilobis istoria vinmes dakve-
TiT ki ar dauweria (rogorc fiqrobda s. gorgaZe –
iakob xucesi 1917: 26), aramed Tadarigs saamisod SuSa-
nikis sicocxleSive Sesdgomia (kekeliZe 1980: 114; java-
41
xiSvili 1977: 64). iakob xucesis Sesaxeb aranairi sxva
biografiuli cnoba ar Senaxula, magram k. kekeliZe
gamoTqvams varauds, rom `SemdegSi is dadgenil iqna
curtavis episkoposad. 506 wlis dvinis krebis monawi-
le qarTvel episkoposTa ricxvSi aRniSnulia curta-
vis episkoposi iakobi, rogorc mexuTe mRvdelmTavari
am kaTedrisa afocis Semdeg~ (kekeliZe 1980: 115). Aam
cnobaze èpistoleTaA wignSi~ Sesuli abraam kaTali-
kosis III werilidan yuradRebas amaxvilebs i. abulaZec
(abulaZe 1938: 060). misi gansakuTrebuli damsaxureba
`SuSanikis wamebis~ kvlevis istoriaSi teqstis qar-
Tul da somxur redaqciaTa safuZvliani Seswavla da
maTi urTierTmimarTebis warmoCenaa. cnobilia, rom
Semonaxulia Txzulebis oTxi _ ori qarTuli (vrceli
da mokle) da oric somxuri (vrceli da mokle) redaq-
cia. qarTuli mokle teqsti n. marma aRmoaCina aTonis
qarTvelTa monastris X saukunis xelnawerSi da is
somxuri mokle wamebis Targmanad miiCnia (mari 1899: 16;
mari 1900: 47-72). Aaseve fiqrobda i. javaxiSvili, magram,
amasTanave, aRniSnavda, rom `TviT somxuri mokle wame-
bisa da misi qarTuli Targmanis teqstis pirveli wa-
kiTxvac ki sakmarisia, rom mkvlevarma maSinve Seatyos,
rom es Zegli am nawarmoebis Tavdapirveli dedani ki
ar aris, aramed mermindeli da ara-Tavdapirveli mar-
tvilobis mxolod Semdegdroindeli Semoklebaa~ (ja-
vaxiSvili 1977: 61). miuxedavad imisa, rom vrceli som-
xuri redaqcia gacilebiT `vrcelia~, vidre iakob xu-
cesis Txzuleba, i. javaxiSvilma is qarTuli dednis
Semoklebul variantad miiCnia, vinaidan masSi gamoto-
vebulia pitiaxSis karis episkoposisa da SuSanikis mo-
ZRvris saxelebi, maSindeli saqarTvelos geografiuli
Tu socialuri realobis aRmniSvneli sityvebi, SuSa-
nikis pirovnul-saxasiaTo Strixebze mimTiTebeli epi-
zodebi da sxv. samagierod, gavrcobilia SuSanikisa da
iakobis locva-vedrebebiT. safuZvlian eWvs badebs is
faqti, rom somxur teqstSi Txroba araTu mxolod me-
same pirSi mimdinareobs, aramed avtori, rogorc Ta-
42
namedrove da monawile gadmocemuli ambebisa, saerTod
ar Cans (javaxiSvili 1977: 60-64).
sruliad gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisi hqonda belgi-
el orientalists _ p. peeterss, romelmac 1935 wels
gamoaqveyna Txzulebis qarTuli da somxuri teqstebis
laTinuri Targmani vrceli gamokvleviT (peetersi
1935). mas `SuSanikis wameba~ fsevdoepigrafikuli Zegli
hgonia, romelic ar ekuTvnis SuSanikis Tanamedrove
iakobs. is, mkvlevris azriT, dawerilia 940 wlis mom-
devno xanebSi gasabaTileblad somxuridan am dros
Targmnil mokle svinaqsarul redaqciasa da uxtanesis
saistorio SromaSi aqcentirebuli, qarTvelebisaTvis
Seuferebeli cnobisa SuSanikis somxobis Sesaxeb; de-
doflis pirveli `martviloba~, romelic maleve dakar-
gula, qarTvelebs SeuTxzavT qarTul-somxuri saekle-
sio ganxeTqilebis (VII s.) Semdeg imis dasamtkiceblad,
rom SuSaniki qarTveli wmindania, xolo dRes cnobili
somxuri vrceli redaqcia Txzulebisa, romelic xaz-
gasmiT warmoaCens SuSanikis somxobas, aris, Tavis
mxriv, qarTuli dakarguli teqstis erovnuli tenden-
ciebis gamabaTilebeli. qarTul da somxur redaqciaTa
urTierTmimarTebis es `CaxlarTuli~ da srul gaugeb-
robaze dafuZnebuli peetersiseuli versia saTanado
mecnieruli argumentebiT uaryves i. abulaZem da k. ke-
keliZem (abulaZe 1938: 020-042; kekeliZe 1980: 119-121). `teq-
stobriv damokidebulebasa da maTi faqtobrivi mxare-
ebis Sedarebaze~ dafuZnebiT i. abulaZe akeTebs aseT
daskvnas: `qarTuli wameba, romlis avtorad iakob
xucesia dasaxelebuli, ZiriTadi wyaroa somxuri wame-
bisa... eseni IX-X ss-ebis naxelavi gvgonia, erTi ufro
adrindeli (`mokle wameba~) da meore (`vrceli wameba~)
mermindeli, winas Semdgomi gadamuSaveba. maTi proto-
tipi VII s-dan unda Seqmniliyo, radgan am droidan
iwyeba qarTulisa da somxuri eklesiebis cxovrebis
erovnuli saxiT warmarTva~ (abulaZe 1938: 041-042).
miuxedavad imisa, rom qarTvelma mecnierebma sruli-
ad eWvmiutanlad cxadyves `SuSanikis wamebis~ vrceli
qarTuli redaqciis pirveladoba, rasakvirvelia, X s-
43
is parxlis xelnaweriT moRweuli teqsti ramdenadme
unda sxvaobdes V s-is ukanasknel meoTxedSi iakob
xucesis xelidan gamosuli Txzulebisgan. garda enob-
rivi mxarisa, mkvlevarni miuTiTebdnen zogierT gvian-
del CanarTsa Tu daklebul fragmentze. maTi yuradRe-
ba imTaviTve miiqcia Txzulebis ucnaurma dasawyisma
(`da aw damtkicebulad giTxra Tquen aRsasruli wmidi-
sa da sanatrelisa SuSanikisi~) da iqve oriode mo-
ulodnelma frazam (`romlisaTÂs-ese mivswere Tquen-
da~; `moSiSi RmrTisaÁ, viTarca-igi vTquT, siyrmiTgan
TÂsiT~ _ Zeglebi 1964: 11). gamoiTqva ramdenime Tval-
sazrisi. s. gorgaZe werda: `naanderZev teqsts TavSi
raRac aklia. vgoneb ar SevcdebiT Tu vifiqrebT, rom
epistolis TavSi moTavsebuli unda yofiliyo miwer-
mowera avtorsa da im pirs Soris, romelsac SuSanikis
wamebis aRwera SeukveTia~ (iakob xucesi 1917: 26). i. ja-
vaxiSvili Tavs ikavebs imis kategoriuli uaryofisgan,
uZRoda Tu ara raime miwer-mowera win teqsts, magram
TxzulebaSi gadmocemul iakobisa da SuSanikis pirve-
live dialogze dayrdnobiT absoluturad gamoricxavs
`wamebis~ vinmes SekveTiT daweras. is miiCnevs, rom, Se-
saZloa, `martvilobas~ `TavSi marto Sesavali-ki ara,
aramed mTeli pirveli, SuSanikis cxovrebis momTxrobe-
li, nawili akldes, sadac sxvaTa Soris SuSanikis yrmo-
bis droiTganve Tandayolil `RmrTis moSiSobazec~
eqmneboda avtors saubari~ (javaxiSvili 1977: 64). Kk. ke-
keliZis azriT ki: `SeiZleba ufro axlos viqneT simar-
TlesTan, Tu vifiqrebT, rom iakobs dawerili hqonda
raRac istoriuli Sroma, romelSic SuSanikis Sesaxeb
gakvriT iyo laparaki... mere calke, sagangebod an dam-
tkicebiT, rogorc TviTon ambobs, aRwera misi martvi-
loba~ (kekeliZe 1980: 115).
mTavari istoriul-filologiuri Tu teqstologi-
uri sakiTxebis gverdiT, imTaviTve ar darCenila Seum-
Cneveli `SuSanikis wamebis~ avtoris mwerluri osta-
toba, gulwrfeli toni, sada da daxvewili ena. ufro
metic, mkafiod iTqva, rom es agiografiuli nawarmoebi
personaJTa cocxali saxeebisa Tu Txrobis uSualobis
44
gamo namdvilad ver eteva Tavisive Janris CarCoebSi da
namdvili beletristikis sferoSi gadadis.
`SuSanikis wamebis~ kvlevis adreul etapzeve gamoik-
veTa misi sxva Rirsebac, kerZod, is, rom Txzuleba
mdidaria istoriuli geografiiT, yofa-cxovrebiTi, kul-
turuli, socialur-politikuri mdgomareobisa Tu sa-
eklesio organizaciis amsaxveli detalebiT. rasakvir-
velia, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba daeTmo Zeglis
erovnul, sarwmunoebriv Tu zogadmsoflmxedvelobriv
problematikas.
arsebul samecniero bazaze dayrdnobiT, XX sauku-
nis meore naxevridan `SuSanikis wamebis~ farTomasSta-
biani kvleva gaiSala araerTi mimarTulebiT. speci-
aluri narkvevebi mieZRvna `SuSanikis wamebis~ sparsTa
mefis identifikaciis sakiTxs (gabaSvili 1978: 214-235),
istoriul-eTnografiul (WanturiSvili 1978: 183-211) Tu
politikuri cxovrebis amsaxvel (janaSia 1988: 317-367)
masalas, Zveli qarTuli saistorio Zeglebis (`moqce-
vaÁ~, juanSeris, vaxuStisa da ioane bagrationis Txzu-
lebani) cnobebsa da maTTan `martvilobis~ teqstis
mimarTebas (menabde 1978: 103-118; janaSia 1975 a: 91-103;
janaSia 1988: 70-82; 110-141), somxur wyaroebs (koriuni,
agaTangelosi, favstos buzandi, eRiSe, lazar parpeci,
movses xorenaci, èpistoleTa wigni~, aharon vanandeci,
uxtanesi), romlebSic ixseniebian SuSaniki da Txzule-
baSi dasaxelebuli sxva pirebi (janaSia 1988: 31-70; 82-
87; 88-110; aleqsiZe 1968:), arSuSa pitiaxSis istoriul
da mxatvrul saxeTa urTierTmimarTebas (kilanava 1990:
89-123), ucxoel qarTvelologTa (mari brose, Josef
karsti, gerhard deetersi, iulius asfalgi, devid
langi da sxv.) wvlils `SuSanikis wamebis~ Seswavlisa
da popularizaciis saqmeSi (menabde 1978: 119-127), zogi-
erTi terminisa da frazis (`zepurni dedani~, `dedaTa
bunebaÁ iwro ars~, `mamisagan saxeliT vardan~, `yrmaÁ
erTi~) interpretaciasa da dazustebas (kilanava 1990:
146-167; robaqiZe 1978: 130-140; baramiZe 1977: 16-18), teqstis
enas; saguldagulo analizis Sedegad sruliad cxadi
gaxda, rom X saukunis xelnaweriT SemorCenil Txzu-
45
lebaSi mizanmimarTulad aris amoyrili `xan~-ebi, sxva
mxriv ki, misi ena ultraarqaizmiT xasiaTdeba; teqsti
gamoirCeva leqsikis, mxatvruli xerxebisa da gramati-
kuli formebis saocari simdidriT, sityvebs SenarCune-
buli aqvT is Zveli mniSvneloba, romelic maT qristi-
anobamde hqoniaT (imnaiSvili 1978: 67-93); xelaxali fiq-
ris sagani gaxda rogorc `SuSanikis wamebis~ daTari-
Rebis sakiTxi (oniani 1978: 34-38; janaSia 1988: 221-241),
ise dasawyisis problemac; aRorZinda s. gorgaZis azri,
rom Txzulebas TavSi unda akldes SemkveTis, savara-
udod, samoel qarTlis mTavarepiskoposis, epistole
(oniani 1978: 75-76) Tu raRac, mimoweris tipis fragmen-
ti èrT-erT episkoposTan, vTqvaT, afocTan an iovanes-
Tan~ (baramiZe 1977: 137); amasTanave, gamoiTqva mosazre-
ba, rom CvenTvis cnobili teqsti SeiZleba iakobis sa-
istorio naSromis erTi nawilic yofiliyo, es naSromi
ki asaxavda arSuSa pitiaxSis cxovrebasa da qvemo qar-
Tlis istorias (oniani 1978: 78-83); axali argumentebiT
ganmtkicda is Tvalsazrisi, rom `SuSanikis wamebis~
qarTul da somxur redaqciaTagan pirvelad unda Seq-
mniliyo qarTuli vrceli teqsti (farulava 1979: 219-
224; kilanava 1978: 95-102; kilanava 1990: 37-67; oniani 1978:
11-18, 52-67; janaSia 1988: 145-213).
yovelive zemoTqmulis paralelurad, XX saukunis
meore naxevarSi, gansakuTrebiT ki bolo meoTxedSi,
sagangebo yuradReba mieqca `SuSanikis wamebis~ mxat-
vrul-esTetikur da saxismetyvelebiT sakiTxebs. teq-
stis mxatvrul enaze, gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebebze,
mTavari personaJis saxis mravalplanianobaze, avtoris
avtoportretsa da SemoqmedebiTobaze saubrobs Tavis
araerT wignsa Tu statiaSi r. baramiZe. igi aRniSnavs:
`rogorc ucxour, ise Cvens tipiur agiografiul Zeg-
lebSi moqmedi pirebi sqematurad, usicocxlod arian
warmodgenilni. isini ufro cxovrebis interesebidan
daclil adamianTa siluetebs warmoadgenen, maTSi ver
vigrZnobT jansaR, realur adamianebs... Tanamedrove
mkiTxvels xiblavs curtavelis mier gamoZerwil ada-
mianTa realisturi saxeebi, savse ASinagani winaaRmde-
gobebiTa da Rrma fsiqologizmiT, romelTaTvisac uc-
46
xo ar aris ferweruli simkveTre da plastikuroba,
xolo maT xasiaTsa da moqmedebaSi Zlieri vnebaTaRel-
va, dramatuli simZafre da nazi lirizmi ise bunebri-
vadaa urTierTSezavebuli da gadajaWvuli, rom gansa-
kuTrebiT STambeWdavs xdis maT mravalmxriv mimzid-
vel saxeebs~ (baramiZe 1977: 4-5). (zemodasaxelebul sa-
kiTxebTan dakavSirebiT ix., agreTve, baramiZe 1978,
baramiZe 1966, baramiZe 1988).
teqstis araerT fragmentze dakvirvebisa da litera-
turaTmcodneobiTi analizis Sedegad warmoaCens iakob
xucesis mxatvrul ostatobas Gg. farulava. Mmkvlevari
wers: àdamianis vneba-gancdebis urTulesi niuansebis
codna, poeturi xelovneba da mxatvruli stilis grZno-
ba srulqmnilebas zeimobs qarTuli sityvieri kultu-
ris pirvelsave ZeglSi... erovnuli mxatvruli azrov-
nebis amoZraveba-mimoqcevidan ara erTsa da or sauku-
nes unda gaevlo iakob curtavelamde. Mmeore mxriv,
iakob curtavelis poetika da stili TvalsaCinod
TviTmyofadia, erovnuli~ (farulava 1978: 168). amasTa-
nave, g. farulava cxadyofs, rom Txzulebis paToss mi-
wier vnebaTa da zecaze fiqris dapirispirebis drama-
tizmi warmarTavs. swored Sinagani tkivilis safasu-
rad xorcze sulis zeoba ganapirobebs agiografiuli
personaJis mxatvruli saxis amaRlebulobas (`SuSani-
kis wamebis~ mxatvrul-esTetikuri sakiTxebis Sesaxeb
ix., agreTve, farulava 1973: 34-38; farulava 1982, faru-
lava 1983; caiSvili 1990: 3-26).
`SuSanikis wamebis~ mxatvrul-esTetikur da msofl-
mxedvelobriv sakiTxebzea gamaxvilebuli yuradReba m.
gigineiSvilis werilSic ìakob xucesis `SuSanikis
wameba~ (gigineiSvili 1978: 223-235). mkvlevari gamokveTs
Txzulebis personaJis tipaJs, mis agiografiul mo-
dels, ganixilavs sivrcesa da dros, rogorc eTikur
kategoriebs, warmoaCens dapirispirebaTa mravalplani-
anobas (qristianoba _ mazdeanoba, rwmena _ urwmunoeba,
maradiuli yofa _ sawuTro cxovreba, amaRlebuli su-
lieri miswrafebani _ miwieri buneba da a. S.) da aRniS-
navs, rom Txzulebis `kompoziciis wamyvani principia
kontrastuloba~, romelic `vlindeba sxvadasxva done-
47
ze: gmirTa sapirispiro qcevebSi, nawarmoebis persona-
JebTan maT sapirispiro damokidebulebaSi, xazgasmiT
sapirispiro tropebSi~ (gigineiSvili 1978: 226). gamok-
vlevaSi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia `SuSanikis wamebis~
Tematur da leqsikur paralelebze bibliur da bizan-
tiuri agiografiis teqstebTan, agreTve, metafora-sim-
boloebze, romlebSic vlindeba zogadqristianuli
TvalTaxedva da romelTa wyaro bibliis saxeobrivi
sistemaa. Tumca, ìakob xucesi Txzavs, Zerwavs, Semoq-
medebiTad exmianeba simbolur-saxeobriv beber bibli-
ur azrovnebas, faqizad grZnobs masSi axali aRTqmiT
Setanil niuansur cvlilebebs, konkretulisa da sim-
boluris SerwymiT Zlier esTetikur efeqts aRwevs,
dRevandeli racionalisturi epoqis adamiansac ki ag-
rZnobinebs realur da irealur fenomenTa mijnaze
mdgari Semoqmedis xatovani azrovnebis didebulebas.
Cven winaSe wamoimarTeba didi xelovani, didi sibrZni-
Ta da talantiT cxebuli~, _ wers mkvlevari (gigineiS-
vili 1978: 233). (iakob xucesis SemoqmedebiT midgomaze
literaturul wyaroebTan, kerZod ki _ bibliasTan,
ix., agreTve, kilanava 1990: 123-133; danelia 1982: 107-108).
`SuSanikis wamebas~, rogorc àgiografiis tipuri
idealuri personaJis mxatvrul gansaxierebas~, ganixi-
lavs revaz siraZe `saxismetyvelebaSi~ (siraZe 1982: 91).
is yuradRebas aqcevs im garemoebas, rom xelovnebis
imJamindeli sinkretizmis kvalobaze `SuSanikis wameba-
Si~ vlindeba ori nakadi – saistorio da sakuTriv li-
teraturuli, romelTagan wamyvani, ra Tqma unda, es
ukanasknelia. mkvlevris TqmiT, `SuSaniki amaRlebuli
mxatvruli saxea. nawarmoebSi misi garegnobac mSvene-
bad Cans, magram ara misi xorcieli mimzidvelobis saC-
veneblad, aramed isev da isev misi sulieri amaRlebu-
lobis naTelsayofad. CvenTvis SuSaniki sulieri mSve-
nierebiT gaciskrovnebuli saxea da albaT, iSviaTad
Tu vinmes warmoudgeba kekluci banovanis saxiT. misi
saxe freskuli saxea, freskulad amaRlebuli da STa-
gonebuli~ (siraZe 1982: 92). SuSanikis Rvawlis mniSvne-
lobaze saubrisas r. siraZe aRniSnavs, rom mas hqonda
rogorc saimqveyno, ise saamqveyno _ konkretul-isto-
48
riuli, erovnul-politikuri datvirTvac, amasTanave,
SuSanikis `Sromas~ ar ganapirobebda egocentrizmi,
aramed es iyo `sikeTe sxvisTvis~. r. siraZis TqmiT,
`SuSanikis wamebis~ didi Rirseba isicaa, rom igi ar
rCeba warsulis ferflwayril Zeglad, aramed aqti-
urad ukavSirdeba dRevandelobas, upirveles yovlisa,
adamianTmcodneobis TvalsazrisiT (siraZe 1982: 91-105;
siraZe 1987: 18-48; siraZe 2001: 50-71; siraZe 2005: 45-63).
`SuSanikis wamebis~ am `didma Rirsebam~, iman, rom V
saukunis Zegli, rogorc `WeSmariti literaturuli
qmnileba, sxvadasxva epoqis adamianebisTvis SeiZleba
iyos maxlobeli~ da `sxvadasxva epoqis adamianma SeiZ-
leba waikiTxos axleburad, Tavisi epoqis literatu-
ruli gemovnebisa da SemoqmedebiTi principebis Sesa-
bamisad~ (gigineiSvili 1978: 223), gza gauxsna agiogra-
fiuli teqstis aratradiciuli, gansxvavebuli wakiTx-
vis mcdelobas, romelic, Tavis mxriv, sainteresoa,
magram zog SemTxvevaSi _ miuRebelic. iakob xucesis
uSualo, bunebrivma Txrobam da maRalma profesiona-
lizmma zogierT mkvlevars araordinaluri daskvnebis
gamotanis saSualeba misca. upirveles yovlisa, unda
aRiniSnos, rom eWvqveS dadga Txzulebis Janrobrivi
kuTvnilebis sakiTxic ki. jer kidev XX saukunis pir-
vel naxevarSi `SuSanikis wameba~ agiografiisgan ga-
mijna pavle ingoroyvam. man Txzuleba `biografiul-
istoriul~ Janrs miakuTvna da aRniSna, rom is `yofa-
cxovrebiT romanis xazebSia gaSlili~ (ingoroyva
1939: 164). a. baramiZis SeniSvniT: `garegnulad, forma-
lurad, `SuSanikiani~ ganekuTvneba e. w. agiografiuli
mwerlobis Janrs. Nnamdvilad da arsebiTad es aris
mxatvrul-biografiuli xasiaTis nawarmoebi, romelic
ver moTavsdeba agiografiuli Janris viwro fargleb-
Si~ (baramiZe a. 1978: 127). am sakiTxze msjelobisas ga-
cilebiT `Sors midis~ v. WeliZe, romelic, faqtobri-
vad, uaryofs qarTuli agiografiis arsebobas da am
Janris saukeTeso ZeglebisTvis, maT Soris, `SuSanikis
wamebisaTvis~, agiografiis ìarliyis mikerebas~ maT
`dakninebad da mokvlad~ miiCnevs (WeliZe 1972: 291;
WeliZe 1976; WeliZe 1978: 5-29). `SuSanikis wameba~ saero
49
mwerlobas miakuTvna zogierT naSromSi n. janaSiamac
(janaSia 1975 b: 73-99; janaSia 1975 g: 108-118). am Tval-
sazrisis erT-erT argumentad mkvlevari anton kaTa-
likosis mier Txzulebis gadamuSavebasac miiCnevs. is
wers: àntoni, rogorc Cans, isaxavda or mizans: pirve-
li, gaesworebina is nakli, rac antonis SexedulebiT
hqonda literaturuli TvalsazrisiT iakobis Txzu-
lebas, da meore, gaemarTa igi agiografiuli Janris
moTxovnebis Sesabamisad~ (janaSia 1988: 119). amasTan
dakavSirebiT m. gigineiSvili SeniSnavs, rom antonis
mier teqstSi Setanil cvlilebaTa kvleva sayuradRe-
boa misi Tvalsazrisis, TxzulebasTan dakavSirebuli
zogi istoriuli realiis gasaTvaliswineblad, magram
ara misi Janruli specifikis gasarkvevad; XVIII sauku-
neSi, mZlavri saero mwerlobis arsebobis xanaSi, hagi-
ografiuli mwerlobisadmi wayenebuli moTxovnileba-
ni ganxvavdeboda adreuli Sua saukuneebis moTxovni-
lebaTagan, roca hagiografias unda etvirTa belet-
ristikis simZime; ar unda dagvaviwydes isic, rom
antonis moRvaweobas axasiaTebda erTgvari konserva-
tizmi. misi sami stilis Teoriac swored Janrul zRu-
deTa moSlis saerTo tendenciis sapirispiro movle-
nad moCans (gigineiSvili 1978: 234).
`SuSanikis wamebis~ Janris gansazRvrasTan dakavSi-
rebiT TiTqos erTgvarad Sualedur pozicias ikavebs
r. baramiZe. wignSi `narkvevebi qarTuli agiografiis
istoriidan~ igi wers, rom Txzuleba ver eteva hagi-
ografiis CarCoebSi da iakob xucesis esTetikur-po-
etikuri miRwevani mis farglebs gareT ufroa saZiebe-
li (baramiZe 1957: 51-69). amasTanave, SuSanikis mxatvru-
li saxis analizisas mkvlevari aRniSnavs: `...is saoca-
ri didi sevdiTa da Sinagani Rrma tkiviliT dastiris
Tavis fizikuri mSvenierebis ase udrood da xe-
lovnurad dakargvas. es sruliad moulodneli stri-
qonebi ufro saeroa, vidre sasuliero, es ufro Sesa-
ferisia romantikul-samijnuro eposisaTvis, vidre
martirologiuri ZeglisaTvis~ (baramiZe 1977: 22); Tum-
ca, r. baramiZis sxva naSromSi vkiTxulobT: ìakobis
Txzuleba Tavisi ZiriTadi niSan-TvisebiT, nawarmo-
50
ebis avtoriseuli warmmarTveli tendenciebiT, Janrob-
rivad agiografias ganekuTvneba~ (baramiZe 1978: 10-11).
miuxedavad imisa, rom `SuSanikis wamebis~ àgiogra-
fiulobas~ eWvqveS ar ayenebs T. WilaZe, is Txzulebas
mainc gansxvavebuli TvaliT kiTxulobs. misi TqmiT:
`TxuTmeti saukunis winaT saqarTveloSi daiwera ro-
mani _ iakob curtavelis `SuSanikis wameba~, romelic
dResac didi interesiT ikiTxeba, rogorc adamianTa
boboqari vnebebis wigni, Tavisi dramatizmiTa da xa-
siaTebis simZafriT antikuri tragediis simaRleze
rom dgas. es romani... dRes kidev erTxel gvagrZnobi-
nebs, Tu rogor hgvanan adamianebi erTimeores da ro-
gor vibrZodiT Cven mTeli istoriis manZilze yvela-
ze didi wmindanobis _ adamianobis dasamkvidreblad~
(WilaZe 1978: 3).
`SuSanikis wamebis~ axleburi wakiTxva ganpirobebu-
lia ZiriTadad Txzulebis personaJTa mxatvruli sa-
xeebis aratradiciuli xedviTa da agiografiul-kano-
nikuri teqstis Tavisufali interpretaciiT. ase maga-
liTad, zogierTi mkvlevris naSromebis mixedviT,
SuSaniksa da varsqens, wmindansa da mis jalaTs, erT-
maneTi bolomde uyvardaT (WilaZe 1978), ganxeTqileba
maT Soris saxelmwifoebrivi politikis niadagze mox-
da; SuSaniki nebayoflobiT, sarwmunoebrivi STagone-
biT ki ar ewameba, aramed am nabijs dgams iZulebiT,
masze axdenen uxeS zemoqmedebas (baramiZe 1966: 18-19;
baramiZe 1977; baramiZe 1978). varsqenis mowinaaRmdegeT
sWirdebodaT didi danaSaulebrivi aqti, risTvisac
maT gamoiyenes SuSaniki, romelic romeliRac politi-
kuri organizaciis SeTqmulebis monawiled iqca; amave
SeTqmulebis monawilea iakob xucesic, romelic SuSa-
niks vaxtang gorgaslisgan hyavda miCenili (WilaZe
1978). amitomac yvela misi cnoba varsqenis Sesaxeb ten-
denciuria, warmodgena pitiaxSis araadamianur sisas-
tikesa da Seubraleblobaze _ gazviadebuli. sinamdvi-
leSi is momTmenia, Tumca ficxi (janaSia 1988: 242-316),
Semdgom ki rcxvenia sificxisas Cadenili danaSauli-
sa; misTvis ucxo ar aris adamianuri sisuste, siTbo
da mzrunveloba. SuSanikis pirveli gvemis Semdeg man
51
Rame TeTrad gaaTia, xolo sanadirod wasvliT saku-
Tar Tavs gaeqca, daemala (WilaZe 1978; baramiZe 1977;
baramiZe 1966; baramiZe 1978). varsqeni ar klavs SuSa-
niks, qali TviTon iklavs Tavs; misi simtkice qmris
RalatiT Seuracxyofili qalis sikerpisgan warmoiSva
da gaxda safuZveli misi wmindanobisa; SuSaniki amiT
varsqens sjis, Torem nawarmoebSi misi mdidruli mo-
sasxamiviT livlivebs daufaravi sevda dedoflobaze;
aris raRac artistuli mis sityvebsa da pozaSi, rac
aRZravs sibralulis mwvave grZnobas, rogorc yovel-
gvari paTetikiT SeniRbuli umweoba (WilaZe 1978:); Su-
Saniks uyvars mayurebeli da msmeneli. Mmisi moqmede-
bac maTzea orientirebuli; SuSaniki pativmoyvare, ego-
isti, demagogi, avadmyofurad egzaltirebuli, aRgzne-
badi da ampartavani adamianicaa. is iTxovs dakrZalvas
eklesiis ezoSi, radgan unda mudmivad yuradRebis cen-
trSi iyos. amiT is Zegls idgams, Tumca Tavisi wame-
biT varsqensac usjis ukvdavebas (janaSia 1988: 242-316).
erTi sityviT, Cven winaSe iSleba `siZulvilad gardaq-
mnili siyvarulis istoria~, romani, romelsac `gare-
dan agiografiis sifrifana yinuli aqvs Semoxveuli, Sig-
nidan ki asxivebs adamianuri vnebebis Suqi~ (WilaZe 1978).
yovelive zemoTqmulis kvalobaze daismis qarTuli
agiografiis bizantiurisgan mkveTrad gansxvavebulo-
bis sakiTxic, romelsac T. WilaZe ase xsnis: `roca
arRvevda imdroindel qristianul samyaroSi yvela
mwerlisTvis savaldebulo kanonebs agiografiisas,
iakobi paralelurad qmnida axal, qarTuli agiogra-
fiuli mwerlobisaTvis savaldebulo kanonebs. upirve-
les yovlisa ki, uaryofda beletristikas da amkvid-
rebda poezias~ (WilaZe 1978: 22-23).
`SuSanikis wamebis~ aratradiciul, `Tavisufal~ wa-
kiTxvas Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis mkvlevarTa aSkara
Tu Sefaruli, magram mkveTri da argumentirebuli
kritika mohyva (baramiZe a. 1978: 130; baramiZe 1980: 324-
334; gigineiSvili 1978: 223-235; oniani 1978: 109-114; kila-
nava 1990: 67-89 da sxv.). marTalia, teqstis axleburad
interpretatorebi Txzulebas mravalsaukunovani qar-
Tuli mwerlobis Sedevrad, xolo mis avtors mxat-
52
vruli sityvis didostatad aRiarebdnen da zogierTi
maTi dakvirveba SeiZleba sainteresoc iyos, magram,
unda aRiniSnos, rom, miuxedavad klasikis marad Tana-
medroveobisa, is, upirveles yovlisa, Tavisi epoqis
kulturul-msoflmxedvelobriv konteqstSi unda
ganixilebodes.
klasika rom arasdros rCeba mtverwayril, gaufasu-
rebul warsulad, amas isic adasturebs, rom `SuSani-
kis wameba~ dResac did interess aRZravs da Txzule-
basTan dakavSirebuli problematikac aqtualobas ar
kargavs. Tanamedrove mkvlevarTa statiebsa da narkve-
vebSi axali masalis safuZvelze gamyarebulia, zog-
jer _ gadafasebulic, zogierTi adre gamoTqmuli Tval-
sazrisi an wamoweuli da gaanalizebulia jer kidev
Seuswavleli sakiTxebi. kvlav safiqralad rCeba `Su-
Sanikis wamebis~ dasawyisi. g. kuWuxiZe sruliad ueW-
velad miiCnevs, rom `marTlac arsebula romeliRac
Cvenamde mouRweveli teqsti, romelSic wminda SuSa-
nikze iyo saubari~ (kuWuxiZe 2007: 23). aseT teqstad
mkvlevars esaxeba `martvilobis~ Sesavali, romliTac
`moZRvari msmenelebs netari SuSanikis ambis mosasme-
nad amzadebda~ (kuWuxiZe 2007: 24), magram TxzulebaSi
CarTuli, adreve yuradRebuli sityvebi: `romlisaTÂs
ese mivwere Tquenda~, misi azriT, unda gulisxmobdes
werils da am werilis mimReb konkretul adresats,
romelime saeklesio pirs, romelic, mrevlisgan gan-
sxvavebiT, mqadageblis axlos ar imyofeba (kuWuxiZe
2007: 24). varaudi imis Sesaxeb, rom `SuSanikis wamebas~
win uZRoda avtoris epistole, jer kidev XX saukunis
dasawyisSi gamoTqva s. gorgaZem, xolo Semdgom ama Tu
im saxecvlilebiT gaimeora zigierTma mecnierma. g.
kuWuxiZe lukas saxarebisa da mociqulTa epistole-
ebis magaliTze dayrdnobiT fiqrobs, rom `SuSanikis
wamebac~ erTi pirisadmi mimarTviT iwyeboda, magram
msmenlad Tu mkiTxvelad mTel mrevls gulisxmobda.
qristianobis adreul periodSi qarTul eklesiaSi sa-
kiTxavis amgvarad dawyeba swored zemodasaxelebul
bibliur wignTa zegavleniT aRmocenebuli tradicia
unda yofiliyo (kuWuxiZe 2007: 22-27).
53
epistoles arsebobas, oRond sxva tipisas, erT-erT
SesaZleblobad ganixilavs i. grigalaSvili. is wers:
`SesaZloa, avtors masalis Sekrebisas epistoleTi mi-
umarTavs im piris an pirebisaTvis, romlebmac zedmi-
wevniT zustad icodnen wminda SuSanikis warmomavlo-
basa da bavSvobasTan dakavSirebuli detalebic ki. sa-
fiqrebelia, rom man miagno swored aseT Setyobineba-
Si, pasuxSi cnobas imis Sesaxeb, rom Tavdapirvelad
wmindanisaTvis `vardani~ daurqmeviaT, xolo Semdeg
siyvaruliT, moferebiT uwodebiaT misTvis `SuSanik~
(grigalaSvili 2006: 34). meore mxriv, mkvlevari fra-
zas: `romlisaTÂs ese mivwere Tquenda~ ase xsnis:
iakobs `vardanis asulis gamo dauweria èse~, anu
Txzuleba; `Tquenda~, anu TqvenTvis, mrevlisTvis, ek-
lesiaSi wasakiTxad~ (grigalaSvili 2006: 34). Aase rom,
i. grigalaSvili ar iziarebs `SuSanikis wamebis~ wina-
re, dakarguli teqstis arsebobis Tvalsazriss. mas
sruliad bunebrivad, imJamindeli saRvTismsaxuro praq-
tikis Sesabamisad miaCnia cnobili dasawyisi `da aw
damtkicebulad giTxra Tquen...~, xolo miTiTeba Txzu-
lebis mTavari personaJis siyrmidan RvTismoSiSebaze,
romlis Sesaxebac avtors TiTqos sadRac ukve ùTqvams~
_ agiografiul Sablonad (grigalaSvili 2006: 30-37).
`SuSanikis wamebis~ dasawyisis problemaze, marTa-
lia, sagangebod ar msjelobs f. metreveli, magram is
yuradRebas amaxvilebs `da~ nawilakze, romelic, ro-
gorc frazis dasawyisi, specialistTa dakvirvebiT,
axasiaTebs bibliur wignTa qarTul Targmanebs da
berZnulis stiluri gavlenis Sedegia. rogorc Cans,
f. metreveli `SuSanikis wamebis~ teqstis amgvar dasa-
wyiss ufro emociur funqcias aniWebs da gamoTqvams
frTxil varauds: ìqneb es `da~ nawilaki... ambis Txro-
bis uSualobas uwyobs xels, raRac bariers xsnis,
TiTqosda dialoguri ganwyobis tonusis mimcemia, iq-
neb avtoris sulieri SemarTebis maCvenebelic~ (metre-
veli 2000: 66. ix., agreTve, metreveli 2008: 52-53).
`SuSanikis wamebis~ teqstis dasawyisSi, zemoaRniS-
nulTa garda, aris kidev erTi gaugebari Tu gaumarTa-
vi fraza: `mamisagan saxeliT vardan da siyuaruliT
54
saxeli misi SuSanik~, romelmac adridanve miiqcia
`martvilobis~ TiTqmis yvela mkvlevris yuradReba da
sxvadasxvagvari daskvnis gamotanis safuZveli gaxda,
Tumca, faqtobrivad, pasuxi ver gaeca kiTxvas: SuSa-
niks ori saxeli hqonda _ `namdvili~ da `moferebiTi~
_ Tu xelnawerebSi raRac uzustobasTan unda
gvqondes saqme? amitomac es kiTxva aqtualurad rCeba
Txzulebis kvlevis Tanamedrove etapzec. rogorc
Cans, i. grigalaSvilisTvis sruliad ueWvelia arsebu-
li teqstis Cveneba. mas miaCnia, rom `Tavdapirvelad
wmindanisaTvis `vardani~ daurqmeviaT, xolo Semdeg
siyvaruliT, moferebiT uwodebiaT misTvis `SuSanik~
(grigalaSvili 2006: 34). g. kuWuxiZe fiqrobs, rom aR-
niSnuli fraza `martvilobis~ winare, dakargul teq-
stSi (epistoleSi) mocemuli cnobebis erTgvari game-
oreba-dazustebaa: `...iakobi mainc kidev ambobs, rom de-
doflis saxeli SuSaniki iyo da amas imitom akeTebs,
raTa agvixsnas, rom am saxels mas siyvaruliT uZax-
dnen, xolo `namdvili~ saxeli sxva iyo, e. i. am SemTx-
vevaSi imis dazusteba xdeba, rom SuSanik dedofals,
vityviT ase, _òficialurad~ mamiseuli saxeli _ var-
dani erqva... Tu misi saxeli `vardanduxti~ iyo, maSin,
SesaZloa, isic unda vifiqroT, rom sparsuli dabolo-
ebis saxelis xseneba ar surs iakobs, rom am saxeliT
aRar ixseniebda SuSaniki Tavs...~ (kuWuxiZe 2007: 23).
sxva statiaSi g. kuWuxiZe yuradRebas amaxvilebs
`SuSanikis wamebis~ kidev erT frazaze: `dedaTa bune-
baÁ iwro ars~. jer kidev XX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi
am konteqstSi ìwros~ araswori gageba svadasxva leq-
sikologiur masalaze dayrdnobiT uaryo m. robaqiZem
da aRniSna, rom am sityviT iakob xucesi qalis emo-
ciur, grZnobaWarb, adviladaRgznebad bunebaze miuTi-
Tebs (robaqiZe 1978: 130-140). Gg. kuWuxiZe arsebiTad eTan-
xmeba am Tvalsazriss da damatebiT argumentad moaqvs
ioane oqropiris `ganmarteba ioanes saxarebisa~, ro-
melSic uflis saflavTan mariam magdalinelis mglo-
varebasTan dakavSirebiT naTqvamia: `bunebaÁ dedaTaÁ
lmobier ars da glovad advilad mimavali~ (kuWuxiZe
2008: 51-57). Aamis kvalobaze mkvlevari wers: `SuSaniki
55
ioane oqropiris gavleniT Mmariam magdalinelTan
aris Sedarebuli, aq mis mwuxare, mglovare bunebaze
aris laparaki da ara _ gonebriv SezRudulobaze... si-
tyvebi _ ìwro buneba~ mwuxare xasiaTs aRniSnavs~
(kuWuxiZe 2008: 56).
`SuSanikis wamebis~ Seswavlis Tanamedrove etapi sa-
interesoa Txzulebis Sesaxeb miviwyebul an samecni-
ero sazogadoebisaTvis ucnob gamokvlevaTa gamomze-
ureba-analizis TvalsazrisiTac. swored erT-erT maT-
gans, rogorc pirvel gansxvavebul Tvalsazriss `Su-
Sanikis wamebis~ avtorisa da daweris drois Sesaxeb,
ganixilavs l. kariWaSvili. Ees gaxlavT XIX-XX sa-
ukunis mijnaze moRvawe mecnieris, d. kariWaSvilis,
gamouqveynebeli naSromi, romelSic avtori, SeiZleba,
sadavo, magram ramdenime argumentiT cdilobs daam-
tkicos, rom `SuSanikis wameba~ ar SeiZleba dawerili
iyos Tanamedrovis mier, is gacilebiT gviani xanisaa
(VIII-IX ss.) (kariWaSvili 2002-2003: 17-24); Txzulebas
safuZvlad unda dadeboda ìakob xucesis xelidan
gamosuli istoriuli werili, romelSic qarTlis
pitiaxSis ambavi iyo gadmocemuli. Txzulebis avtorma
garkveuli cvlilebebi Seitana am werilSi, zogi ram
Caumata, zogic gadaakeTa. iakob xucesis saxeli ki
SeunarCuna albaT im mizniT, rom Txzuleba ufro
damajerebeli yofiliyo da meti ndoba moepovebina~
(kariWaSvili 2002-2003: 23). l. kariWaSvils miaCnia, rom
zemoaRniSnul `Tvalsazriss, rasakvirvelia, upiris-
pirdeba saTanado kontrargumentebi, magram igi uda-
vod sainteresoa pirvel yovlisa im niSniT, rom we-
rilSi gamoTqmuli SeniSvnebi da mosazrebebi im dro-
isaTvis iyo sruliad axali da erTgvarad moulod-
nelic ki... d. kariWaSvilis mier wamoWrilma araerTma
sakiTxma Txzulebis Seswavlis mxolod gviandel
etapze iCina Tavi~ (kariWaSvili 2002-2003: 24).
unda aRiniSnos, rom d. kariWaSvilis es naSromi
dRes literaturaTmcodneobisaTvis SeiZleba sainte-
reso iyos mxolod `SuSanikis wamebis~ kvlevis isto-
riis TvalsazrisiT. Tanamedrove etapze, faqtobrivad,
saeWvoa mecnieris yvela argumenti. Txzulebis avto-
56
rad udavod aris miCneuli SuSanikis moZRvari iakob
xucesi. araerTi gamokvleva mieZRvna mis mxatvrul os-
tatobas, pirovnul maxasiaTeblebs, damokidebulebas
Tavis sulier SvilTan, wminda SuSanikTan. Qq. elaSvi-
li iakobs, rogorc moZRvars, grigol xanZTelis
`didwinapradac~ ki miiCnevs, vinaidan `pirveli qarTve-
li martvilis gamoCineba~ ver moxdeboda TavisTavad,
im sulieri mzaobis gareSe, romelic SuSaniks mowa-
mebriv gzaze Sedgomamde unda Camoyalibeboda iakob
xucesis Tanmimdevruli wvrTnis Sedegad (elaSvili
2004: 90-93; elaSvili 2009: 144-148).
sagangebod msjelobs iakob xucesze f. metreveli
(metreveli 2000: 77-81). saRvTismetyvelo literaturaze
dayrdnobiT, mkvlevari warmoaCens mRvdlobis, moZR-
vrobis arss da am konteqstSi ganixilavs iakob xuce-
sis mxatvrul saxes. igi wers: ìakob xucesma striqo-
nebs Soris, frazebs miRma gamoZerwa sakuTari Tavi~
(metreveli 2000: 81), is àris wm. SuSanikis sulieri
moZRvari da maTs urTierTobas, upirvelesad, gansaz-
Rvravs cxonebis motivi~ (metreveli 2000: 99). amasTa-
nave, f. metreveli saTanado samecniero Tu Teologi-
uri masalis gaTvaliswinebiT msjelobs `SuSanikis wa-
mebis~ msoflmxedvelobriv aspeqtebze. mkvlevris TqmiT,
`TiToeuli sityva agiografiuli Zeglisa datvirTu-
lia Rrma religiuri azriT. CvenSi iWreba evangeluri
xedva, radgan aseTia im epoqis azrovnebis wesi: yve-
laferi rwmenasTan kavSirSia, yoveli detalic ki ga-
azrebulia da gadis Teologiur arxSi. sityvaSi gan-
fenilia epoqis saRvTismetyvelo sibrZne~ (metreveli
2008: 55). swored amis kvalobaze ganixilavs is Txzu-
lebis personaJTa saxeebs, SuSanikis RvTismoSiSebas,
mis epiTetebs _ wminda, sanatreli, netari; sityva-mo-
nologebs _ locvas, rogorc erTgvar dialogs uze-
naesTan, `martvilobaSi~ asaxul sikeTe-borotebis da-
pirispirebas, damokidebulebas codvilisa da codvis
mimarT da sxv. (metreveli 2008: 52-81; metreveli 2000:
65-96). f. metreveli wers: ìakob xucesis Txzuleba,
misi sulieri sityva aRvsilia didi Teologiuri Za-
liT. is TavisTavSi arsebobs, agrZelebs sicocxles,
57
inarCunebs TavisTavadobas. nawarmoebis sityvieri qso-
vili cxadyofs avtoris ara marto maRal xelovnebas,
ostatobas, aramed warmoaCens misi Teologiuri az-
rovnebis universalizms. Aaq sityva gajerebulia qris-
tologiuri sibrZniT. iakob xucesis sityvaSi asaxuli
saxe-simboloebi gvawvdis SuSanikis, viTarca martvi-
lis cxovrebis detalebs, mowamis yofierebis Semadge-
nel momentebs, urTulesi Sinagani kataklizmebiT aR-
savses. iakob xucesis sityva aRsavsea miswrafebiT, ga-
dmogvces adamianis, konkretul SemTxvevaSi qristes
madidebeli qvemo qarTlis wamebuli dedoflis suli-
eri cxovrebis Taviseburebani, daxatos e.w. `Sinagani
adamiani~, anu xati adamianobisa, romelic universalu-
ria. Ees aris erTgvari stilic mwerlisa...~ (metreveli
2000: 96).
`SuSanikis wamebis~ qristologiur-saxismetyvele-
biT sakiTxebs mieZRvna Tanamedrove mkvlevarTa araer-
Ti sxva naSromi Tu statia. magaliTad, Ll. wereTeli
yuradRebas amaxvilebs Sesamoslis funqciasa da mis
alegoriul-simbolur datvirTvaze bibliaSi da am
konteqstSi ganixilavs iakob xucesis cnobas imis Se-
saxeb, rom SuSaniks cixeSi antioqiis palekartis qveS
ZaZa emosa. misi TqmiT, àntioqiis palekarti~ SuSa-
nikis mowamebrivi Rvawlis xatsaxovnebaa da calke ar
moiazreba, aramed ZaZasTan erTad qmnis mTlianobas~
(wereTeli 2005: 20); `palekarti sulierad gardaqmnili
realobaa da ara varsqenis sasaxlidan gamoyolili
uZvirfasesi Sesamoseli, rogorc xsovna sasaxleSi
dedoflad myofobisa, amqveyniuri didebis Rirssaxso-
vari~, is `SuSanikis RvTiur saidumlos, sulierad
gardaqmnil sxeuls faravs~ (wereTeli 2005: 25). amas-
Tan,Ll. wereTels miaCnia, rom antioqiis palekarti
èrTgvari misamarTia antioqiuri saRvTismetyvelo tra-
diciis, hagiografiuli saxismetyvelebis warmomavlo-
bisa~ (wereTeli 2005: 26). svimeon mesvetis cxovrebasa
da egnate antioqielis epistoleebze dakvirvebis Se-
degad mkvlevari akeTebs daskvnas, rom matlTa das-
xmis, jaWvisa da borkilis, rogorc sulieri jildo-
sa da samkaulis, simbolikis gamoyenebiT iakob xuce-
58
sis `SuSanikis wameba~ antioqiuri saRvTismetyvelo
azrovnebis kvals atarebs (wereTeli 2005: 20-27).
l. wereTlisagan gansxvavebiT, antioqiis palekarts
swored `sadedoflo atributikad~ gaiazrebs q. elaS-
vili, iseve rogorc SuSanikis samkauls, romelsac is
ubrunebs varsqens (elaSvili 2009: 123-124), Tumca mi-
uTiTebs am saxe-simboloTa òrsaxovnebaze~. kerZod,
misi TqmiT, `...samkauli gamoxatavs, rogorc mowamis
sulis moZraobas _ esaa am samkaulisagan Tavis daR-
weevis survili, aseve `sadedoflo atributikis~ kate-
goriuli moTxovna pitiaxSisagan, kidev erTxel migva-
niSnebs mis sulier dacemaze. sagulisxmoa..., rom neta-
ri SuSaniki... win uswrebs movlenebs. Tavdapirvelad,
swored mas uCndeba survili `sadedoflo atributi-
kis~ gacemisa da amiT emijneba varsqen pitiaxSs _ mi-
sive saxeldebis matarebeli samkaulebis ganZarcviT, ro-
melic Tavisi saxismetyvelebiT, imavdroulad SeiZle-
ba mivusadagoT aseve `sadedoflo atributikis~ _ àn-
tioqiis palekartis~ simbolikasac~ (elaSvili 2009: 24).
ZaZisa da antioqiis palekartis saxismetyvelebiT
funqciaze msjelobs e. dgvefaZec. misi TqmiT, `Sesamo-
seli adamianis Sinagani samyaros warmoCenaa. amitom
acvia SuSaniks ZaZa. igi mgloviarea, magram misi glo-
va sulieria, amaRlebuli, radgan igia gasaidumloebu-
li, dafaruli, damarxuli antioqiis palekartis qveS.
antioqiis palekartiT ewameba dedofali qarTlis
erisa, raTa evnos ara rogorc ubralo qali, aramed
swored rogorc dedofali, viskenac mimarTulia mze-
ra qveynisa~ (dgvefaZe 2005: 6). e. dgvefaZe yuradRebas
amaxvilebs `SuSanikis wamebis~ teqstis araerT sxva
mniSvnelovan pasaJsa Tu detalzec, romelTa inter-
pretirebasac, erTi mxriv, bibliur pirvelsaxeTa, xo-
lo meore mxriv, avtoris erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi
msoflmxedvelobis kvalobaze warmoadgens (dgvefaZe
2005: 3-12).
ukanasknel wlebSi gamoqveynda sxva naSromebic, rom-
lebSic avtorebi ganixilaven da aanalizeben `SuSani-
kis wamebis~ teqstTan Tu personaJebTan dakavSirebul
araerT sakiTxs. i. bekariSvili statiaSi `SuSanikis
59
wamebis~ ori adgilis gagebisaTvis~ yuradRebas amaxvi-
lebs sityva `navTsadgursa~ da purobis epizodze
(bekariSvili 2001: 177-187); varsqen pitiaxSis religiur
mrwamssa da politikur Sexedulebebze msjelobs b.
inauri (inauri 2004).
`SuSanikis wamebis~ Seswavlis Tanamedrove etapze
sagangebod unda gamovyoT e. WeliZis mier momzadebu-
li gamocema `Zveli qarTuli saeklesio literaturis
Zeglebi~ (WeliZe 2005), romelic warmoadgens Zveli
qarTuli literaturis xuTi Zeglis, maT Soris _
iakob xucesis Txzulebis, arsebul nusxaTa monaceme-
bis gadasinjvis Sedegad momzadebuli teqstebis pub-
likacias axal qarTul enaze Sesrulebuli Targmani-
Ta da vrceli, mravlismomcveli sqolioebiT. `SuSani-
kis wamebis~ samecniero problematikasTan dakavSire-
biT aRniSnul gamocemaSi ganxiluli da gaanalizebu-
lia araerTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxi. kerZod, e. WeliZe
yuradRebas amaxvilebs Txzulebis dasawyisze da gamo-
Tqvams mosazrebas, rom `martvilobas~ hqonda hagiog-
rafiuli SromisaTvis sakmaod niSandoblivi mcire
zomis Sesavali, sadac iqneboda mokle mimarTva mrev-
lisadmi (rogorc adresatisadmi) momxdarTan dakavSi-
rebiT da cxadia, sakuTriv wm. SuSanikis Sesaxeb~
(WeliZe 2005: 45). swored ase xsnis mkvlevari teqstis
im ramdenime frazas (`da aw damtkicebulad giTxra
Tquen~, `romlisaTÂs-ese mivswere Tquenda~, `viTarca-
igi vTquT~), romlebmac Txzulebis Seswavlis dasa-
wyisSive miiqcies mecnierTa yuradReba. Ee. WeliZes uSe-
degod esaxeba saubari iakobis mier SuSanikis yrmobis
sagangebod aRweris Sesaxeb, vinaidan cnoba _ SuSaniki
iyo `moSiSi RmrTisaÁ siyrmiTgan TÂsiT~ _ imdenad
zogadi, sayovelTao miTiTebaa, rom am tipis xazgasma
xSirad iCens Tavs wmindanTa Sesaxeb daweril yvelaze
mokle hagiografiul, Tundac sakuTriv svinaqsarul
sakiTxavebSic (WeliZe 2005: 45). amasTanave, publikaciis
sqolioebSi e. WeliZe uxvi leqsikologiuri masalis,
saRvTismetyvelo literaturis, sasuliero Zeglebis,
Sesabamisi periodis berZnuli da somxuri teqstebis
frazeologiuri Sesatyvisebis gaanalizebis safuZvel-
60
ze gvTavazobs Txzulebis zogierTi sityvisa Tu pasa-
Jis axlebur interpretacias (mag.: `bunebiTi coli~,
`kubasti~, `ganborebisa salmobaÁ~, `wesierebiTa saR-
rmrToÁTa yuaoda~, `Sen Cemi xati daamÃu~, `WiWnauxti-
sa saqme~ da sxv.). sainteresoa mkvlevris Tvalsazrisi
wm. SuSanikis meored wamebis drois (àRvsebisa orSa-
baTi~, `Semdgomad aRvsebisa zatiksa~) gansazRvris Ta-
obaze. berZnul-ebraul wyaroebze dayrdnobiT da `mar-
tvilobis~ zogierTi detalis gaTvaliswinebiT e. We-
liZes eWvi Seaqvs sruliad udavod miCneul aRvseba-
aRdgomis terminologiur igiveobaSi. igi wers: `V-VI ss-
Si, saRvTo werilis im redaqciebis SemuSavebis Jams,
rac dReisTvis mogvepoveba, termin àRvsebas~ gamokve-
Tilad saeklesio Sinaarsi ukve karga xnis SeZenili
unda hqonoda... es saeklesio Sinaarsi... gulisxmobda
macxovris mier CvenTvis gaRebul udides msxverpls,
Tavad macxovars, msxverplad Sewiruls Cvens gamosax-
snelad, da am uwmindes msxverplSewirvasTan dakavSi-
rebul liturgikul Jams, vnebis Svideuls, rac gvir-
gvindeba yovladbrwyinvale aRdgomis kviradRiT... swo-
red es Sinaarsi ikveTeba [`SuSanikis martvilobaSi~]...
sadac liturgikuli cneba àRvsebisa orSabaTi~... uf-
ro `vnebis Svideulis orSabaTs~ unda gulisxmobdes,
vidre `brwyinvale Svideulisas~, xolo àRvsebisa za-
tiki~ unda iyos tolfasi semantema Tavad `vnebis Svi-
deulisa~ (WeliZe 2005: 272).
`SuSanikis wamebis~ teqstze dakvirvebis Sedegad, e. We-
liZe varaudobs zogierTi bibliuri wignisa (gamocxa-
deba Tu ara, esaias winaswarmetyveleba mainc) da agi-
ografiuli Zeglis (`wminda arianes martviloba~, qal-
wulmowameTa Rvawlis amsaxveli Zeglebi, `wminda mo-
wameTa andrianesi da misi colis anatolesis wameba~)
qarTuli Targmanis arsebobas V saukunis II naxevarSi,
vinaidan iakob xucesis Txzuleba maTi gavlenis kvals
atarebs (WeliZe 2005: 104-106; 214). amis paralelurad,
mkvlevari yuradRebas amaxvilebs `SuSanikis wamebis~
avtoris originaluri mxatvruli azrovnebis nimuSeb-
zec, romelTa paraleli wminda werilsa Tu sxva saek-
lesio ZeglebSi ar iZebneba an sasaubro metyvelebi-
61
dan aris Semotanili (mag.: èSmaki Txrida gulsa mis-
sa~, `ver damiTmo gulman Cemman~) (WeliZe 2005: 94, 106).
yovelive zemoTqmulTan erTad, unda aRvniSnoT, rom
e. WeliZe sqolioebSi exeba `SuSanikis wamebis~ teq-
stologiur sakiTxebsac. kerZod, is mizanSewonilad
miiCnevs Txzulebis zogierTi ikiTxvisis Sesworebas
gviandel nusxaTa Cvenebebis mixedviT (mag.: viTarca
erTguli soflad Sevides _ viTarca gueli soflad
Semovides, curtav _ curtaeT, saxlsa sadedoflosa _
saxlsa sameufosa, galiaksa _ gavalaksa, sudari _
mCuari da sxv.) (WeliZe 2005: 292-293, 299-302, 307-308).
`SuSanikis wamebis~ Seswavlis istoriasTan dakavSi-
rebiT, ra Tqma unda, kidev bevri ram SeiZleba da-
iweros, magram, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, Cveni mizani
ar iyo da verc iqneboda am istoriis sruli suraTis
Cveneba. Cven SevecadeT warmogveCina im sakiTxTa wre,
romlebic daisva Txzulebis kvlevis sxvadasxva etap-
ze. zogierTi maTgani dReisaTvis ukve sabolood gar-
kveulia, zogi ki kvlav iZleva mecnieruli Ziebisa da
dakvirvebis saSualebas. cxadia isic, rom `SuSanikis
wameba~, rogorc qarTuli klasikuri kulturis nawi-
li, dResac iseTive interesiT izidavs mkvlevarT, ro-
goriTac misi Seswavlis gariJraJze. rogorc Cans, So-
reuli, bolomde Seucnobeli warsulis siRrmidan
momdinare iakob xucesis poetur sityvas mravalsauku-
novani mdidari qarTuli literaturis fonzec ki ar
daukargavs Tavisi gamorCeuli xibli da mniSvneloba.
damowmebani:
abulaZe 1938: iakob xucesi. martÂlobaÁ SuSanikisi. qarTuli

da somxuri teqstebi gamosca, gamokvleva, variantebi, leqsikoni
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teqsti gamosacemad moamzades ciala kaxabriSvilma da cotne
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kuWuxiZe 2007: kuWuxiZe g. `wminda SuSanikis martvilobis~ arqe-
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vlevebi da werilebi. Tb.: Tsu gamomcemloba, 1978.
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`SuSanikis wamebis~ Sesaxeb. // SuSanikis wameba. gamokvlevebi da
werilebi. Tb.: Tsu gamomcemloba, 1978.
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metreveli 2008: metreveli s. qarTuli agiografiis (IV-X ss.)
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gagebisaTvis. // SuSanikis wameba. gamokvlevebi da werilebi. Tb.:
Tsu gamomcemloba, 1978.
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vnebaTa saqarTvelos wmidaTa. Sekrebili qronologiurad da
gamocemuli m. sabininis mier. spb. 1882.
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siraZe 2001: siraZe r. qarTuli agiografia (saskolo sakiTxavi).
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farulava 1973: farulava g. iakob curtavelis mxatvruli
samyaro. // qarTuli ena da literatura skolaSi, # 2, 1973.
farulava 1978: Ffarulava g. iakob curtavelis poeturi xe-
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gamomcemloba. 1978.
farulava 1979: farulava g. feriscvaleba poeturi sityvisa.
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farulava 1982: farulava g. mxatvruli saxis bunebisaTvis
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`saxelgami~, 1955.
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yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier. IV.
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Tsu gamomcemloba, 1978.
Zeglebi 1964: Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeg-
lebi. I. dasabeWdad moamzades il. AabulaZem, l. aTaneliSvilma.
n. goguaZem, l. qajaiam, c. qurcikiZem, c. Wankievma da c. jRamaiam
il. abulaZis xelmZRvanelobiTa da redaqciiT. Tb.: 1964.
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da werilebi. Tb.: Tsu gamomcemloba, 1978.
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`nakaduli~, 1972.
65
WeliZe 1976: WeliZe v. CarCoebi. Lliteraturuli saqarTvelo.
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janaSia 1975a: janaSia n. SuSanikis wamebis ambavi qarTul sais-
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Irina Natsvlishvili
History of the Study of “The Martyrdom of

Saint Shushanik” and Modernity
Summary
The scholarly study of “The Martyrdom of St.Shushanik” has a long

history. Beginning from the 19th century P.Ioseliani, M.Brosse,
D.Bakradze, S.Gorgadze, K.Kekelidze, I.Javakhishvili, I.Abuladze, etc.,
gave the right direction into research and in the majority of cases, by
using solid arguments shed light on more than one philological and
historical issue of the composition such as author, date, chronology of
the events reflected in the text, problem of the beginning, the interrela-
tionship of the Georgian and Armenian redactions, etc. From the very
outset writing skill and sophisticated language of the author of “The
Martyrdom of St.Shushanik” did not go unnoticed; attention was paid to
the issues related to nation, faith or world outlook in the monument.
Supported by existing research base a large-scale study of “The
Martyrdom of St.Shushanik” has been unfolded in various directions
since the second half of the 20th century. Special works (scientific
publications by I.Imnaishvili, L.Menabde, N.Janashia, R.Baramidze,
66
Sh.Oniani, S.Chanturishvili, V.Gabashvili, Z.Aleksidze, B.Kilanava,
M.Robakidze, G.Parulava, D.Menabde, etc.) were devoted to the mate-
rials reflecting historical-ethnographical and political life in the com-
position, data on the old Georgian historical monuments, Armenian
sources, contribution of foreign Kartvelologists in studying “The Mar-
tyrdom of St.Shushanik”, interpretation and clarification of some terms
and phrases, language of the text, etc. Dating of the text and problem of
the beginning have become the subject of rethinking. Special attention
was paid to artistic-aesthetic and tropological issues of “The Martyrdom
of St.Shushanik” a major contribution to the manifestation and analysis
of which was made by R.Baramidze, G.Parulava, R.Siradze, M.Gigi-
neishvili. There appeared an attempt of non-traditional, different, “free”
reading of “The Martyrdom of St.Shushanik” (V.Chelidze, N.Janashia,
R.Baramidze, T.Chiladze) that was criticized by the scholars of old
Georgian writing.
“The Martyrdom of St.Shushanik” excites great interest in scholarly
circles today, too. In the articles and essays written by modern rese-
archers (E.Chelidze, G.Kuchukhidze, F.Metreveli, I.Grigalashvili, L.Ka-
richashvili, I.Bekarishvili, L.Tsereteli, K.Elashvili, E.Dgvepadze, etc.)
some views expressed earlier are confirmed on the basis of a new ma-
terial, sometimes – even reevaluated, not yet studied questions are either
advanced or analyzed. The beginning of “The Martyrdom of St.Shu-
shanik”, christologic-tropological, world outlook related aspects of the
text still remain the subject of reflection.
67
qeTevan mania
`SuSanikis wamebis~
istoriul-wyaroTmcodneobiTi
Seswavlis istoriidan
qarTuli hagiografiuli mwerlobis Zegli `SuSani-

kis wameba~ specialistTa gansakuTrebul interess iw-
vevda da iwvevs dResac, rac ganpirobebulia, erTi
mxriv, im garemoebiT, rom ukanasknel dromde qarTuli
mwerlobis pirvel nimuSad iTvleboda (dReisaTvis sa-
mecniero literaturaSi qarTuli mwerlobis pirvel
nimuSad `wminda ninos cxovrebaa~ miCneuli), meore mxriv,
Zegli pirvelxarisxovan wyaros warmoadgenda istori-
ul-literaturuli sakiTxebis Sesaswavlad. Tumca aqve
minda aRvniSno, rom, marTalia, Zegli ukanasknel drom-
de adreul nimuSad iyo miCneuli, magram mkvlevrebi
qarTuli mwerlobis saTaveebs ufro Soreul warsul-
Si varaudobdnen (caiSvili 1985: 3; lorTqifaniZe 1966: 35).
winamdebare gamokvleva ZiriTadad warmoadgens Zeg-
lis istoriul-wyaroTmcodneobiTi Seswavlis mimoxil-
vas. Txzulebis kardinaluri sakiTxebis kvleva mWid-
rod aris dakavSirebuli teqstologiur analizTan,
aqedan gamomdinare, ramdenadac naSromi moiTxovs,
gverds ver avuvliT filologiur gamokvlevebsac da
Sesabamis konteqstSi mokled iqneba warmodgenili ma-
Ti ganxilva, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom krebulSi qvey-
ndeba filologiuri kvlevebis mimoxilvisadmi miZRvni-
li specialuri statia.
`SuSanikis wameba~ Seicavs literaturuli, wyaroT-
mcodneobiTi Tu istoriuli TvalsazrisiT mraval-
mxriv sayuradRebo informaciebs. masSi aRwerilia is-
toriul sinamdvileSi momxdari faqtebi. amitomac mis
kvlevas didi interesiT ekidebodnen wyaroTmcodne-is-
torikosebi. yuradReba eqceoda istoriul-qronologi-
uri problemis, kerZod, SuSanikis wamebis, Txzulebis
daweris droisa da sxvadasxva redaqciaTa urTierTmi-
marTebis dadgenas, Zeglis erovnuli kuTvnilebis, at-
68
ribuciis, istoriul pirTa identifikaciis, ideologi-
uri problemebis kvlevas. erT-erTi mniSvnelovani sa-
kiTxi ra mxriTac kvleva unda warmarTuliyo, aris
enobriv-stilisturi da teqstologiuri kvleva, rac
gamoarkvevda imas, Tu rogori saxiT moaRwia Zeglma
Cvenamde, ra cvlilebebi iqna Setanili avTentur vari-
antSi. magram sanam uSualod teqstologiur analizs
Seexebodnen mkvlevrebi, upirveles amocanad daisaxa
redaqciaTa urTierTmimarTebis garkveva.
redaqciebis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi
Txzulebam Cvenamde ramdenime redaqciiT moaRwia _

vrceli, mokle da svinaqsaruli redaqciebi qarTul
da somxur enebze. aqedan gamomdinare, sruliad buneb-
rivia, rom azrTa sxavadasxvaoba SeiniSneba specialur
literaturaSi redaqciaTa urTierTmimarTebis sakiTx-
Tan dakavSirebiT. uZvelesi xelnaweri, romelmac Cve-
namde moaRwia aris X s-is parxlis mravalTavi, sxva
danarCeni gviandelia da XVIII-XIX ss. TariRdeba. mra-
vali redaqciiT moRweul Txzulebis xelnawerebs So-
ris e. giunaSvili da z. sarjvelaZe or sxvadasxva re-
daqcias gamoyofen. isini A redaqcias uwodeben par-
xlis xelnawers, B-s ki _ XVIII-XIX ss. xelnawerebSi da-
cul teqsts. am ori redaqciis teqstebis I-XII TavebSi
411 kiTxva-sxvaoba gamoavlines, romelTa SedarebiTi
analizis Sedegad askvnian, rom B redaqcia XI s-Si uk-
ve Camoyalibebuli iyo. igi Tavis krebulSi Seitana
domenti kaTalikosma. krebuli Cvenamde moRweulia
1713 wels gadawerili xelnaweriT. SedarebiTi anali-
ziT aseve naCvenebia, rom domenti kaTalikoss ar usar-
geblia parxlis mravalTavis teqstiT. miuTiTeben, rom
A da B redaqciebi erTi saerTo wyarodan momdinare-
oben (giunaSvili, sarjvelaZe 1980: 131-134).
qarTul-somxuri redaqciebis pirveli SedarebiTi
analizi gvxvdeba i. javaxiSvilTan. mkvlevari teqstSi
dadasturebuli mTeli rigi sxvaobebis analizis safuZ-
velze askvnis, rom qarTuli vrceli redaqcia dedania,
69
iakob xucesis mier aris dawerili da somxuri vrceli
misi Targmania. somxuri vrcelis Semoklebas ki, misi
azriT, warmoadgens mokle redaqcia. am ukanasknelis
Targmanad i. javaxiSvili, n. maris (mari 1899: 18) msgav-
sad, miiCnevda qarTul mokle redaqcias (javaxiSvi-
li 1977: 53). aRniSnuli problemis gadawyvetis Tval-
sazrisiT mniSvnelovania i. abulaZis damsaxureba. igi
aseve SedarebiTi analizis safuZvelze miuTiTebda mok-
le qarTuli redaqciis mokle somxuri redaqciidan
momdinareobas. misi SeniSvniT, es ar iyo sityvasityvi-
Ti Targmani, aramed mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeboda som-
xuri variantisagan, rac mecniers aZlevs imis SesaZ-
leblobas, aRniSnos, rom mokle redaqcia aRebulia
ara vrceli redaqciisagan, aramed gansxvavebuli nusxi-
dan. misi SexedulebiT, arsebobda ori vrceli somxuri
redaqcia, romelTagan erT-erTi mokle redaqciaSia Se-
monaxuli. es ukanaskneli ki, misi miTiTebiT, iCenda
gansakuTrebul siaxloves iakobiseul teqstTan. avTen-
tur teqstad qarTul vrcel redaqcias asaxelebs, xo-
lo misgan momdinared miiCnevs somxur vrcel redaqci-
as (abulaZe 1978: 31-44). es Sexeduleba gabatonebulia
Tanamedrove qarTul samecniero literaturaSi. Tumca
problema dReisaTvis gadawyvetilad aris miCneuli,
magram aRniSnuli Sexedulebis Semdgomi dasabuTebis
mizniT kvleva kvlavac grZeldeba. amis magaliTs war-
moadgens b. kilanavas statia, sadac ganxilulia qar-
Tul-somxur redaqciaTa erTi aspeqti. avtori, vrcel
somxur redaqciaSi tradiciuli atributis gareSe
SuSanikis mama vardanis moxseniebas, mTargmnelis ide-
ur poziciad miiCnevs. igi am daskvnamde midis redaqci-
aTa teqstologiuri monacemebis istoriul realiebTan
SedarebiTi analizis safuZvelze. samecniero litera-
turaSi gaziarebuli TvalsazrisiT, qarTuli vrceli
redaqcia daedo safuZvlad somxuri vrceli redaqciis
Targmans, sadac vardani moxseniebulia rogorc spas-
peti, xolo somxuri samyarodan igive vardani isev qar-
Tul mwerlobas ubrundeba, rogorc spaspeti da wmin-
dani. mkvlevari miuTiTebs, rom es faqti mowmobs re-
daqciis gviandelobas. vardanis wmindanad moxsenieba
70
SesaZlebeli iqneboda mxolod VI s-is Semdgom. manamde
somxuri eklesia ver gadawyvetda mis wmindanad aRi-
arebas, radgan V s-is 60-70-ian wlebSi iranis Sahma mo-
axdina somxuri eklesiis reorganizacia, Tanamdebobi-
dan gadaayena somexTa kaTalikosi _ giuti da mis nac-
vlad Tavisi erTguli piri daniSna (kilanava 1978: 94-
102). e.i. mkvlevris SeniSvniT, istoriuli faqtebi pir-
dapir adastureben atributis gaCenis gviandelobas,
rac kidev erTxel mowmobs somxuri redaqciis VI s-is
Semdgom Seqmnas da misi qarTulidan Targmnis faqts.
redaqciaTa warmomavlobis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT
samecniero literaturaSi gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisi
aqvs gamoTqmuli somxuri agiografiuli Zeglebis Tar-
gmanTa gamomcemels k. ter-daviTians. `SuSanikis wameba~
aRniSnul TargmanTa gamocemaSia Sesuli. gamocemas ax-
lavs winasityvaoba da SeniSvnebi. winasityvaobaSi gamo-
mcemeli Txzulebas adreuli somxuri mxatvruli li-
teraturis nimuSad asaxelebs. avtorad ki sahak parTe-
vis erT-erT mowafes, wminda lazaris monastris winam-
ZRvars andreass miiCnevs, romelic SuSaniks gahyolia
saqarTveloSi da misi Svilebis naTlia da moZRvari
yofila (ter-daviTiani 1973: 108-118). Tumca, rogorc ze-
moT aRvniSne, dReisaTvis gadawyvetilia avTenturi
teqstis sakiTxi. gamorkveulia, rom qarTuli vrceli
redaqcia aris avtoriseuli teqsti da aRwerilia Ta-
namedrovis, iakob xucesis mier.
redaqciaTa urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxs Seexo n. ja-
naSia. mecnierma monografiuli naSromi miuZRvna `SuSa-
nikis wamebis~ istoriul-wyaroTmcodneobiTi proble-
mebis kvlevas, sadac warmodgenilia Txzulebis, ro-
gorc istoriuli wyaros mniSvnelobis gansazRvra, qro-
nologiis, avtoris vinaobis, redaqciaTa urTierTmimar-
Tebis sakiTxebis ganxilva. n. janaSia iziarebs zemoT
aRniSnul samecniero literaturaSi gabatonebul Se-
xedulebas Txzulebis dednad iakobiseuli teqstis miC-
nevis Taobaze. magram imisaTvis, rom mkiTxvels sru-
lad Seeqmnas STabeWdileba gamoTqmul debulebebTan
dakavSirebiT, mkvlevari sakuTar dakvirvebebs sTava-
zobs. igi aRniSnavs, rom i. abulaZes Sedarebuli hqon-
71
da `wamebis~ redaqciebis bolo nawilebi, Tavad ki war-
mogvidgens `wamebis~ redaqciebis wina nawilebis Seda-
rebiT analizs, amiT met sizustes sZens ukve arsebul
Sexedulebebs. n. janaSia redaqciebs Soris upirateso-
bas aniWebs vrcel da antoniseul redaqcias. man gamo-
arkvia, rom anton kaTalikosma gadaamuSava da mecni-
eruli siRrmiTa da sizustiT Seiswavla iakobis teq-
sti, mis Sesavsebad sxvadasxva literaturuli wyaro
moiZia da gamoiyena. aqve aRniSnavs im garemoebebs, ra-
sac SesaZloa ganepirobebina iseTi gansxvavebuli re-
daqtireba, rogoricaa antoniseuli redaqcia. misi Se-
niSvniT, qronologiuradac da literaturuli Tvisebe-
biTac iakobis `SuSanikis wameba~ adrindel hagiogra-
fias ganekuTvneba, magram Tavisi realisturobiT igi
am xanis sxva hagiografiul nawarmoebebs gadaametebs.
amis gamo n. janaSia Tvlida, rom Txzuleba mTlad ver
eteoda aRniSnuli Janris CarCoebSi, da, SesaZlebelia,
arc saeklesio miznebisTvis yofiliyo yovelmxriv gamo-
sadegi. amitomac gadaamuSava n. janaSias azriT, anton-
ma Txzuleba da hagiografiuli Janris moTxovnebs Se-
ufarda iakobis moTxrobis gmirebis xasiaTebi da qce-
va, xolo TviT moTxroba ki orTodoqsalur hagiogra-
fiul nawarmoebad aqcia (janaSia 1988).
azrTa sxvadasxvaoba aRiniSna `SuSanikis wamebis~
Janrobrivi kuTvnilebis Taobaze. zogi TvalsazrisiT
Txzuleba hagiografiul mwerlobas ganekuTvneba (ba-
ramiZe 1977: 4; janaSia 1988), zogis azriT, es aris mxat-
vrul-biografiuli (a. baramiZe 1978: 43-50) an biografi-
uli istoriul-mxatvruli (ingoroyva 1978: 293; lor-
TqifaniZe 1966: 38) xasiaTis nawarmoebi. es ukanaskneli
azri eyrdnoba teqstobriv monacemebs, romelic didad
Sordeba ubralod biografiul CarCos da SuSanikis
cxovrebis aRwerisas farTo istoriuli Txroba iSle-
ba. zogi kategoriulad gamoricxavs Txzulebis hagiog-
rafiuli Janrisadmi kuTvnilebis Tvalsazriss: Txzu-
lebas mxatvrul nawarmoebad asaxelebs v. gabaSvili
(gabaSvili 1978: 5-16); aseve mxatvrul (romani) kuTvni-
lebas aniWebs upiratesobas T. WilaZe (WilaZe 2006: 405-
437). zogic saero literaturas miakuTvnebs (WeliZe
72
1997: 90). Tumca erTi ram naTelia, rom faqti, romelic
TxzulebaSi aris aRwerili, miuxedavad imisa romel
Janrs ganekuTvneba, asaxavs istoriul realobas. sar-
wmunoebrivi faqtori, romelic ganmsazRvreli iyo qvey-
nis damoukideblobis, iRebda politikur elfers. e.i.
sarwmunoebrivi arCevani iyo socialur-politikuri wi-
naaRmdegobebis mizezi. rogorc vxedavT, samecniero li-
teraturaSi Txzulebis mTavar mizandasaxulobad miC-
neuli iyo qristianuli sarwmunoebis dacva-ganmtkice-
ba, eris zneobriobis SenarCuneba. Tumca amavdroulad
mkvlevrebi xazgasmiT miuTiTebdnen Txzulebis erov-
nul-ganmaTavisuflebel suliskveTebas. am mxriv sayu-
radReboa o. goCelaSvilis naSromi. mkvlevris miTiTe-
biT, SuSaniki aris qveynis damoukideblobisa da Tavi-
suflebisaTvis wamebuli da ara mxolod sarwmunoebis
dacvisaTvis. sarwmunoebis dacva da erovnul-patriotu-
li sakiTxebi aq erTmaneTTan mWidrodaa gadajaWvuli
(goCelaSvili 2000).
Txzulebis atribucia-daTariRebis sakiTxi
Txzulebis atribucia-daTariRebis Sesaxeb pirvel

Sexedulebebs vxvdebiT pirvelive gamocemebSi. mkvlev-
rebi (m. brose, s. gorgaZe, i. javaxiSvili, k. kekeliZe,
p. ingoroyva, i. abulaZe) Txzulebis vrceli qarTuli
redaqciis pirvel pirSi Txrobis safuZvelze avtorad,
rogorc zemoT aRvniSne, SuSanikis Tanamedrovesa da
moZRvars iakobs asaxelebdnen. gansxvavebuli Tvalsaz-
risiT Tavdapirvelad Seiqmna Txzulebis somxuri vrce-
li teqsti lazaris monastris winamZRvris andreas mier
(ter-daviTiani). avtoris vinaobis sakiTxs Seexo n. ja-
naSia Tavis monografiaSi `SuSanikis wameba~. naSromSi
redaqciaTa urTierTmimarTebis ganxilvisas gamokveTi-
lia mkvlevris pozicia sakiTxis Taobaze. igi siZveli-
sa da Senaxulobis TvalsazrisiT upiratesobas qar-
Tul vrcel redaqcias aniWebs da avtorad sxva qar-
Tveli mkvlevrebis msgavsad, SuSanikis xucess Tvlis.
aqve n. janaSia msjelobs p. peetersis Sexedulebis Se-
73
saxeb redaqciaTa tendenciurobaze. somxuri redaqci-
ebis avtori somxebi arian. bunebrivia, maT somexi mki-
TxvelisaTvis Tavis redaqciaSi meti somxuri realia
Seitanes, magram mkvlevris miTiTebiT, amiT isini miz-
nad ar isaxavdnen SuSanikis erovnuli an sarwmunoeb-
rivi upiratesobis damtkicebas. am xsenebis mizania mki-
Txvels uCvenos, rom sarwmunoebisaTvis Tavdadeba da
simtkice memkvidreobiT mosdevs. imis aRniSvna, rom
SuSanikis winaprebi qristianobisaTvis Tavdadebuli
adamianebi iyvnen, met didebas hmatebs SuSaniks. Tavis
mxriv iakobmac aRniSna varsqenis mamis RmrTismosaoba,
riTac varsqenis gandgoma ufro muq ferebSi warmoad-
gina. magram SuSanikis winaprebis Rirsebebis aRniSvna
iseve ar aris somxuri redaqciebis erovnul-saeklesio
tendenciurobis gamoxatuleba, rogorc iakobis mier
arSuSas RmrTismosaobis moxsenieba araa iakobis erov-
nul-saeklesio tendenciurobis gamovlineba... iakobi
qristianobisgan gandgomil varsqens upirispirebs mtki-
ce qristian mamamiss, somexi redaqtori ki varsqens am-
cirebs imiT, rom ar laparakobs mamamisis sikeTeze
(janaSia 1988).
sayuradRebo Tvalsazrisi hqonia aRniSnuli istori-
kossa da filolog d. kariWaSvils. misi Sexedulebebi
samecniero sazogadoebisaTvis cnobili gaxda l. kari-
WaSvilis statiidan, romelic eyrdnoba literaturis
muzeumis arqivSi dacul mkvlevris xelnawers. ganxil-
vidan vigebT, rom d. kariWaSvils gansxvavebuli azri
hqonia avtoris vinaobis, Txzulebis daweris droisa
da qarTul-somxur redaqciaTa urTierTmimarTebis sa-
kiTxebze. misi TvalsazrisiT, Txzulebam ra saxiTac
Cvenamde moaRwia, SeuZlebelia dedoflis Tanamedrove
piris mier yofiliyo aRwerili. argumentad dasaxele-
bulia xSir SemTxvevaSi SuSanikis wmindanad an neta-
rad moxsenieba. am saxiT pirovnebis wodeba SesaZlebe-
lia mxolod mas Semdeg, rac eklesia mas wmindanad
cnobs. SuSanikis amgvari formiT moxsenieba mkvlevars
afiqrebinebs, rom avtori aris ara Tanamedrove dedof-
lisa, aramed gviandeli mwerali, romelic dedofals
icnobs, rogorc wmindans. aseve, gviandel Canamatad mi-
74
iCnevs SuSanikis saswaulmoqmedebis da masTan Sesawi-
ravebiT siarulis faqts. d. kariWaSvilis Sexeduleba
aseTia: qarTvelTa da somexTa ganxeTqilebis Semdeg,
qarTvelebs wmindanis cxovreba gadausinjavT. es unda
momxdariyo SuSanikis aRsrulebidan ori-sami saukunis
Semdeg. misi azriT, Txzulebas safuZvlad daedo iakob
xucesis xelidan gamosuli istoriuli werili. Txzu-
lebis avtorma garkveuli cvlilebebi Seitana am weril-
Si, zogi ram Caumata, zogic gadaakeTa. iakob xucesis
saxeli ki SeunarCuna, albaT im mizniT, rom Txzuleba
ufro damajerebeli yofiliyo (kariWaSvili 2002-
2003: 17-24).
rac Seexeba daTariRebis sakiTxs, `qarTlis cxovre-
baze~ dayrdnobiT Txzulebas bakur III-is dros Seqmni-
lad acxadebdnen anton I, vaxuSti batoniSvili, d. fur-
celaZe. `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ aRmoCenam erTgvarad
amave Sexedulebis gaziarebis safuZveli Seqmna qar-
Tul istoriografiaSi (Jordania 1892; janaSvili 1900)
_ aq SuSanikis wameba bakuris mefobis xanasTan aris
dakavSirebuli. adreve gamoiTqva gansxvavebuli azri
Txzulebis daTariRebis Sesaxeb. m. brose, (brose 1895: 85),
p. ioseliani da d. baqraZe (ioseliani 1866; baqraZe 1889)
vaxtangis epoqas ukavSirebdnen `SuSanikis wamebas~.
Txzulebas V s-iT aTariRebdnen i. javaxiSvili da
k. kekeliZe (javaxiSvili 1977: 56-65; kekeliZe 1960: 113-
122). qarTul saistorio tradiciaSi arsebuli xarve-
zis kvlevas didi mniSvneloba hqonda `SuSanikis wame-
bis~ qronologiuri sakiTxebis gadawyvetis Tvalsaz-
risiT. n. janaSia arsebuli lafsusis gaCenas xsnida V-
VI saukuneebSi erTdroulad moRvawe istoriul pirTa
wyvili saxelebis damTxveviT. aman ganapiroba mkvlev-
ris TvalsazrisiT SuSanikisa da varsqenis erTi sa-
ukuniT gviandeli arSuSasa da vardanis Svilebad miC-
neva (janaSia 1988: 73). am pasaJis wyaroTmcodneobiTi ana-
lizis safuZvelze m. CxartiSvili miuTiTebs, rom VII s-is
avtorisaTvis ar iyo ucnobi SuSanikis moRvaweobis re-
aluri qronologia. amas adasturebs am dros qarTvel-
somexTa Soris saeklesio polemikuri mimoweris masa-
lebi. igi yuradRebas aqcevs im garemoebas, rom cnoba
75
SuSanikis Sesaxeb unda iyos `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ Zi-
riTad, e.i. V s-is II naxevarSi Seqmnil nawilSi, magram
mocemulia qronikis im nawilSi, romelic damatebul
iqna VII s. Sua xanebSi. anaqronzmis gaCenas ukavSirebas
VII s. redaqtirebas. Setana-arSetanis, SemdgomSi cno-
bis CarTvis aucileblobis gaCenis erT-erT mizezad
m. CxartiSvili asaxelebs Semdegs _ SesaZloa SuSaniki
qarTlis erT-erTi mxaris, gugareTis mmarTvelis meuR-
le, rangiT ar CaiTvala qarTlis umaRles sasuliero
da saero pirTa gverdiT da Tanabrad moxseniebis Rir-
sad. mogvianebiT SuSanikis Sesaxeb cnobis ararseboba
SesaZloa xarvezad CaiTvala da VII s-is redaqtori Se-
ecda am faqtis Sesaxeb cnobiT gaemdidrebina qronikis
Txroba, Tumca araswor qronologiur lokalizacias
axdens. mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom qronologiuri anaqro-
nizmi gaCnda ara epoqebis damsgavsebiT, aramed teqstis
Sesabamisi monakveTebis erTgvarobis formaluri moCve-
nebis safuZvelze (CxartiSvili 1990: 146-149).
aRniSnuli daTariRebisagan gansxvavebul versias
gvTavazobs Txzulebis laTinur enaze mTargmneli da
gamomcemeli p. peetersi. misi mosazrebiT Txzuleba da-
werilia ara V s-Si, rogorc i. javaxiSvili da k. keke-
liZe Tvlidnen, aramed gacilebiT gvian periodSi, X s-
Si (peetersi 1935: 245-307). argumentad, miuTiTebda iako-
bis Sromis argamoxmaurebas Zvel qarTul literatu-
raSi. p. peetersis Tvalsazrisis aramarTebuloba aR-
niSnuli aqvs k. kekeliZes. igi SeniSnavda, rom iakobs
ixseniebs kirioni somxebTan miwer-moweraSi, `moqcevaÁ
qarTlisaÁ~, vaxtang gorgaslis istorikosi, arsen di-
di safareli, miqael modrekili, ioane-zosimes svinaq-
sari, parizis nacionaluri biblioTekis versia ìeru-
salimis ganCinebisa~ da TviT ìerusalimis ganCineba~
(kekeliZe 1960: 113-122).
dReisaTvis miRebuli SexedulebiT, `SuSanikis wameba~
dawerilia V s-Si SuSanikis Tanmedrovis mier, SuSani-
kis sikvdilis Semdeg, vaxtangis mier varsqenis sikvdi-
liT dasjamde, vinaidan iakobi aucileblad miuTiTeb-
da TxzulebaSi am ukanasknel faqtze. aRiniSna qrono-
logiuri CarCoebis ufro dazustebis mcdeloba. n. ja-
76
naSia iranuli kalendaruli wlis dasawyisisa da pe-
rozis gamefebis drois urTierTSefardebis, agreTve
lazar farpecis cnobis, romlis mixedviT vaxtangma
varsqeni perozis mefobis ocdamexuTe wels mokla, gaT-
valiswinebiT Tvlis, rom varsqeni mouklavT 482 wels.
rac Seexeba SuSanikis wamebis TariRs, n. janaSia izi-
arebs k. kekeliZiseul (wamebis 475 wliT daTariRebis)
Sexedulebas da damatebiTi sabuTianobiT amyarebs
Tvalsazriss (janaSia 1988: 213-241). erT-erTi mniSvne-
lovani sakiTxi iyo garkveva imisa, Tu ratom ar iyo
moxseniebuli qarTlis mefe TxzulebaSi. S. amiranaSvi-
lis varaudiT, qarTlis mefis mouxseniebloba martvi-
lobaSi imiT unda aixsnas, rom bolnisis taZris age-
bisa da varsqen pitiaxSis mier SuSanikis wamebis dros
vaxtang gorgasali saqarTveloSi ar imyofeboda. igi
gawveuli iyo sparseTs, xolo dabrunebisTanave sikvdi-
liT dasaja varsqeni, rogorc saqarTvelos moRalate
(amiranaSvili 1958: 3-5). es Tvalsazrisi eyrdnoba sais-
torio wyaroebis monacemebs: juanSeris cnobiT, 22 wlis
vaxtang gorgasali sparselebs gauwveviaT ramdenime
TviT salaSqrod; vaxtangis dabadebis drod ki samec-
niero literaturaSi 442 welia miCneuli. am monace-
mebis gaTvaliswinebiT, b. xurcilava gansxvavebul qro-
nologiur Sexedulebebs gamoTqvams. misi Tvalsazri-
siT SuSanikis wamebis qronologiuri periodi 464-
470 ww. unda ganisazRvros, Txzulebis daweris dros
ki pirobiTad 470-482 wlebs Soris periodSi varaudobs
(xurcilava 2006: 115-151).
teqstologiuri analizi
Txzulebis teqstologiuri analizi gvxvdeba misi

pirveli publikaciebidan moyolebuli. Tumca ukanas-
kneli periodis teqstologiuri kvlevebi naTeli da-
dasturebaa imisa, rom aris iseTi epizodebi, romelTa
axleburi gaazreba an dazusteba Txzulebis kvlevas-
Tan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis axleburi kuTxiT danax-
vis an ukve gamoTqmuli Tvalsazrisebis gamyarebis Se-
77
saZleblobas iZleva. am mxriv sainteresoa b. xurcila-
vasa da r. burWulaZis statiebi, romlebic dasawyisi
epizodis ìyo mervesa welsa (mr) sparsTa mefisasa
karad samefod waremarTa varsqen pitiaxSi~, kvlevas
eZRvneba.
aRniSnuli epizodis analizic umTavresad saisto-
rio wyaroebis (lazar farpeci, vaxuSti batoniSvili)
monacemebs eyrdnoba, romelTa safuZvelze mkvlevrebi
erTsulovnad sparsTa mefeSi perozs gulisxmobdnen.
`SuSanikis wamebis~ teqstis qronologiur sakiTxebTan
dakavSirebiT ki miuTiTebdnen, rom vinaidan ar aris
moxseniebuli sparsTa mefis saxeli, teqstSi daculi
informacia sakmarisi ar iyo aRwerili faqtebis dasa-
TariReblad. es gaxda mizezi imisa, rom avtoriteti
mkvlevrebis (i. javaxiSvili, k. kekeliZe, n. janaSia) na-
azrevSi azrTa sxvadasxvaoba SeiniSneba sparsTa mefis
saxelis identifikaciis _ aq moxseniebuli piri pero-
zi iyo Tu hormizdi, an saerTod maTi igiveobis sa-
kiTxis Sesaxeb. am sakiTxis kvlevaSi gansakuTrebulia
mkvlevar v. gabaSvilis damsaxureba, romelmac gamoar-
kvia, rom aramarTebulia samecniero literaturaSi aR-
niSnuli perozisa da hormizdis igiveobis Tvalsazri-
si da daadgina, rom varsqen pitiaxSi iranSi gamgzav-
rebula perozis zeobis dros (gabaSvili 1978: 212-233).
aRniSnul Sexedulebas amyarebs `mr~ kompleqsis ga-
Sifrvis kuTxiT warmarTuli kvleva. rogorc cnobi-
lia, uZvelesi X s-is xelnaweri ar Seicavs aRniSnul
kompleqss, kompleqsi mxolod gviandel xelnawerebSia
daculi. b. xurcilava miuTiTebs, rom sparsTa mefis
saxeli `mr~ adreul redaqciaSi ewera da mogvianebiT
raRac mizeziT gabundovnda. igi `mr~ ikiTxviss Zvel
qarTulSi iSviaTad xmarebul `mre~ sityvis naSTad mi-
iCnevs. i. abulaZis `Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikonSi~
sityva ganmartebuli yofila, rogorc `mZle, momrevi~.
saSualo sparsuli sityva perozi gamarjvebuls, Zle-
vamosils niSnavda, e.i. kompleqsi avtoris dakvirvebiT,
warmoadgens sparseTis mefis saxelis perozis qarTul
Targmans. igi aqve cdilobs aRniSnuli sityvis gaCenis
qronologiuri CarCoebis gansazRvras. vinaidan saSu-
78
alo sparsuli axal sparsuls adgils uTmobs VIII-IX
ss-Ta mijnidan, mkvlevris varaudiT, perozi qarTulad
uTargmniaT, savaraudod, VII_VIII ss-Si (xurcilava
2001: 62-82). SemdgomSi igi kvlav agrZelebs am kuTxiT
muSaobas da damatebiTi argumentebiT amyarebs adre
gamoTqmul Tvalsazriss. erT-erT aseT argumentad asa-
xelebs V s-is somexi mematianis movses xorenacis cno-
bebs. movse xorenacTan daculi cnobis mixedviT, spar-
seTis mefes vologez III-s romaelTa samflobelos da-
laSqvris gamo daerqva perozi, rac Zlevamosils niS-
navs, e.i. istoriuli wyaro gvaZlevs sityvis pirdapir
ganmartebas. meore sabuTad asaxelebs sparsuli pero-
zis Zveli qarTuli Sesatyvisis daculobas Zveli aR-
Tqmis erT-erT fsalmunSi `...mre veyav mas~, romelic
Cvenamde moRweuli saxiT Camoyalibebula VIII s-Si.
mkvlevari aqve gamoTqvams varauds imis Taobaze, aris
Tua ara sityva avtoriseuli. aRniSnavs, rom SesaZloa
perozis Zvel qarTuli SesatyvisiT moxsenieba iakob
xucess ekuTvnodes, radgan iakobisTvis cnobili unda
yofiliyo sityvis semantika. somxuri redaqciebis Camo-
yalibebas adgili unda hqonoda iakob xucesis Txzu-
lebis teqstis gadamuSaveba-gadakeTebis niadagze ara-
uadres IX s-isa (xurcilava 2006: 165-170). aRniSnuli
Tvalsazrisisgan damoukideblad amave daskvnamde mi-
dis r. burWulaZe. sxvadasxva mizezebiT dakarguli bge-
riTi vokali (e)-s aRdgena teqsts naTelyofs (burWu-
laZe 2003: 114-118). amdenad aRniSnuli naSromebiT irkve-
va, rom Txzuleba Seicavda mniSvnelovan qronologi-
ur miTiTebebs, romlebic sayuradReboa faqtebis daTa-
riRebis TvalsazrisiT.
samecniero literaturaSi sagangebo msjelobis sag-
nad iqca purobis epizodi. epizods mkvlevarTa nawili
qalis mamakacTan erTad puris Wamis uuflebobiT xsni-
da. zogis azriT iakob curtavelma araCveulebrivi fsi-
qologiuri dakvirvebis maRali niWiT aRbeWda Tavisi
Txzuleba da mogvca ,,dedaTa bunebis~ saintereso da-
xasiaTeba _ sparsis mimarTva miuTiTebs ara SuSanikis
gonebriv SezRudulobaze, aramed qalis bunebis emoci-
urobaze, advil agznebadobaze (robaqiZe 1978: 128-140).
79
epizodis uuflebobiT axsnis Tvalsazriss gamoexma-
ura g. jafariZe, romelic aRniSnavs, rom Tu V sauku-
nis saqarTveloSi qali uflebrivad dabla idga mama-
kacze, is rogor SeiZleba aixsnas, rom jojikis co-
lic ujda magidas. mkvlevris gakvirvebas iwvevs is ga-
remoeba, Tu rogor SeiZleba, uufleboba erTis ufle-
bamosilebas da meoris Cagvras gulisxmobdes an Tu
dedakacs ara aqvs mamakacTan purobis neba, raRa Tqma
unda, am uflebas mamakacic moklebuli iqneboda. igi
Tvlis, rom am epizodSi asaxulia ara qalisa da mama-
kacis uTanasworobis faqti, aramed qarTuli tradicia,
romlis mixedviT mamakacebis da dedakacebis erTad pu-
roba sircxvili iyo. am tradiciis saTaves eZiebs wi-
naqristianul qarTul samyaroSi. moixmobs ra s. maka-
laTias Canawerebs, askvnis, rom TxzulebaSi daculi
zne-Cveulebisa da tradiciis umravlesoba, maT Soris
purobis wesi, dRemde Semonaxula saqarTvelos mTaSi
_ fSav-xevsureTSi, TuSeTSi, mTaraWaSi, svaneTsa da
gudamayar-mTiuleTSi (jafariZe 2001: 4-6)
warmoCenil iqna Txzulebis istoriuli Rirebuleba.
`SuSanikis wameba~, rogorc saistorio wyaro ganxilu-
li aqvs m. lorTqifaniZes Tavis monografiul gamok-
vlevaSi àdrefeodaluri xanis qarTuli saistorio
mwerloba~. mkvlevari yuradRebas amaxvilebs istori-
uli sakiTxebze, msjelobs movlenis ganmapirobebel
mizezebze. miuTiTebs, rom SesaZlebelia mxolod qris-
tianobis dacvisTvis ase mkacrad ar moqceoda SuSa-
niks varsqeni, magram amas daerTo misi saxlidan was-
vla da misi dapirispireba proiranul politikasTan.
e.i. scildeba saojaxo konfliqtis farglebs da ejaW-
veba V s-is qarTlis saerTo politikur viTarebas. Su-
Sanikis wamebisa da sikvdilis fonze nawarmoebSi av-
tori ori Zalis dapirispirebis suraTs iZleva – an-
tiiranulisa da proiranulis. mkvlevari xazgasmiT aR-
niSnavs avtoris msoflmxedvelobas da mis damokidebu-
lebas istoriuli movlenebisadmi. iakob xucesi ara
mxolod gadmogvcems istoriul sinamdviles, aramed am
sinamdvilis Sefasebasac cdilobs (lorTqifaniZe 1966: 20-
35). qarTlis erovnuli ganadgurebisaken mimarTuli ira-
80
nis politikam gamoiwvia erovnuli grZnobisa da TviT-
Segnebis gamofxizleba, risi dasturia swored iakob
xucesis Txzuleba. Txzuleba mniSvnelovan rols as-
rulebda qveynis cxovrebaSi, xels uwyobda qarTveli
xalxis erovnul mobilizacias da swori politikuri
arCevanis gakeTebas. ganixilavs ra Txzulebis rogorc
saqarTvelos istoriisaTvis pirvelxarisxovani wyaros
sakiTxs T. papuaSvili, miuTiTebs, iakob curtavelma
asaxa qvemo qarTlis sapitiaxSos istoria, gadmogvca
Sinagani cxovreba. V s-is meore naxevarSi, qarTlSi
iranelTa mkacri politikuri reJimis xanaSi, ukve faq-
ti TviT iseTi nawarmoebis Seqmnisa, rogoricaa `SuSa-
nikis martviloba~, namdvil politikur demonstracias
warmoadgenda. es Txzuleba erT-erTi naTeli niSania
imisa, rom qarTlis feodaluri sazogadoebis mowinave
nawili, qeds ar idrekda sastiki mtris winaSe da ro-
gorc fizikurad, aseve moralurad aqtiur winaaRmde-
gobas uwevda mas (papuaSvili 1978: 188-206). V s-is qar-
Tlis istoriis rekonstruqciisaTvis wyarod `SuSani-
kis wamebas~ iyenebs n. janaSiac. mokle istoriuli eq-
skursis warmodgenis Semdeg igi msjelobs Txzulebis
mixedviT samefoSi arsebul politikur Tu socialur
sakiTxebze, samefosa da sapitiaxSos damokidebulebis
sakiTxze. irkveva, rom sapitiaxSo qarTlis centralu-
ri xelisuflebisagan damoukidebeli politikuri or-
ganizmia, romlis mmarTveli varsqeni Tavis samflobe-
loSi SeuzRudveli uflebebiT sargeblobda. mis xel-
Si iyo saero, sasamarTlo, samxedro gamgebloba. var-
sqeni sapitiaxSos gamgebeli da ùfalia~, misi meuRle
ki – `dedofali~. mkvlevris SexedulebiT, pitiaxSis
saxlis episkoposi, igive curtavis episokoposi, sapiti-
axSos nawils ganagebda, dedofals ki Tavisi xucesi
hyavda. igi SeniSnavs, rom `SuSanikis wamebaSi~ warmod-
genili iranuli reJimi sapitiaxSosi, damokidebuleba
iranelebis mimarT arsebiTad gansxvavdeba im suraTi-
sagan, romelic warmodgenilia saistorio wyaroebSi.
n. janaSias varaudiT, SesaZlebelia TxzulebaSi aRwe-
rili sapitiaxSos viTareba imis Sedegia, rom iranele-
bi Tavis mokaSire pitiaxSebs raime SeRavaTebs aZlev-
81
dnen. am SemTxvevaSi unda miviRoT, rom sapitiaxSos vi-
Tareba am periodSi met-naklebad gansxvavdeboda da-
narCeni qarTlis viTarebisagan. gasaTvaliswinebelia
isic, rom, rogorc Cans, sapitiaxSos, am uzarmazar po-
litikur erTeuls, qarTlis samefoSi, hqonda tenden-
cia gamoyofisa da gancalkevebisa mTeli samefodan. es
tendencia, rogorc qarTlis samefos damasustebeli
da damSleli, cxadia, xelsayreli iqneboda iranisaT-
vis, romelic, garkveul SeRavaTebs aZlevda mas
(janaSia 1988: 317-367).
aseve, Seswavlil iqna Txzulebis mixedviT V s-is
meore naxevris qarTlis socialur-politikuri mdgo-
mareoba (gabaSvili 1978: 5-16; CantlaZe 1978: 55-61). mkvle-
varTa yuradRebas iqcevs TxzulebaSi daculi soci-
aluri terminologia (aznauri, aznaurni did-didni,
zepurni dedani, msaxurni, sakuTarni, mona-mxevalni,
uaznoni da sxva), rac uSualod da organulad iyo
dakavSirebuli feodaluri urTierTobis dadgomasa da
Camoyalibebis procesTan. ZeglSi farTod aris asaxu-
li politikuri xasiaTis faqtebi (iran-saqarTvelos
urTierToba, iranis religiuri politika qarTlis mi-
marT, hefTalel hunTa winaaRmdeg omSi qarTvelebis
monawileoba) yoveldRiuri yofa-cxovrebis da zne-
Cveulebis detalebi, qronologiuri da geografiuli
xasiaTis cnobebi. TxzulebaSi daculi cnobebi mniS-
vnelovan daxmarebas gviwevs qarTlis politikuri si-
tuaciis dasadgenad. nawarmoebi iZleva SesaZleblobas
Tvali gavadevnoT qarTlSi pitiaxSis institutis gan-
viTarebas. msjelobs TxzulebaSi qarTlis mefis ar
moxseniebasTan dakavSirebiT. amis mizezad asaxelebs
sapitiaxSos gansakuTrebul politikur mdgomareobas.
misi varaudiT varsqeni saTaveSi edga qarTlis opozi-
ciur Zalebs, amitom igi unda dapirispireboda yvelas,
vinc ki mefis xelisuflebis ganmtkicebisa da qveynis
damoukideblobisaTvis ibrZoda. am dapirispirebis fi-
nali aris vaxtang gorgaslis mier varsqenis mokvle-
vineba. mkvlevris dakvirvebiT TxzulebaSi Warbobs po-
litikuri xasiaTis movlenebi, vidre sarwmunoebrivi
(gabaSvili 1978: 5-16). gaanalizebul iqna agreTve `SuSa-
82
nikis wamebis~ mixedviT qarTuli qorwinebis wesebi
(nadareiSvili 1978: 71-77).
Txzuleba sayuradRebo cnobebs Seicavs V s-is is-
toriul-eTnografiuli yofa-cxovrebis Sesaswavlad.
amis gaTvaliswinebiT specialuri naSromi mieZRvna Txzu-
lebaSi daculi cnobebis analizs. `SuSanikis wameba~
Seswavlili iqna rogorc eTnografiis wyaro. kerZod,
s. WanturiSvilis naSromSi gaanalizebulia ojaxTan
da saojaxo yofasTan, agreTve pitiaxSis, dedoflis,
feodalTa saxlis sxva warmomadgenlebis Tu sasuli-
ero pirebis saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli cnobebi, na-
Tesauri urTierTobisa da sameurneo saqmianobis amsaxve-
li terminologia, micvalebulis dakrZalvisa da wmin-
danis kultTan dakavSirebuli ritualebi (WanturiSvili
1978: 183-211).
uyuradRebod arc `SuSanikis wamebis~ qarTul sais-
torio mwerlobaSi asaxvis sakiTxi darCenila, vina-
idan qarTul saistorio mwerlobaSi am faqtis aRmniS-
vneli araerTi cnobaa daculi. zogierTi cnobis ana-
liziT, d. menabdis naSromSi warmodgenilia Semdegi
sakiTxebis ganxilva: SuSanikis wamebis qronologia,
SuSanikisa da varsqenis warmomavloba, varsqenis sam-
flobelo, SuSanikis wamebisa da dakrZalvis adgili,
varsqenis dasja qarTvelTa mefis mier (menabde
1978: 103-118).
gamocemebi
Zeglis Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT didi mniSvneloba

aqvs mis publikacias, romelic umTavresad xorcielde-
boda teqstologiuri analizis Sedegad. Txzuleba pir-
velad m. sabininma gamosca peterburgSi (sabinini 1882),
i. abulaZis miTiTebiT mas gamouyenebia 1748 wels gada-
werili xelnaweri. Txzulebis pirveli mecnieruli
publikacia oTxi xelnaweris mixedviT ekuTvnis s. gor-
gaZes (gorgaZe 1917). gamocemis safuZvlad s. gorgaZes
aRebuli aqvs X s. parxlis xelnaweri, nakluli adgi-
lebis Sesavsebad gamouyenebia gviandeli XVIII-XIX ss.
83
nusxebi. Seexeba wamebis teqsts, istoriul epoqas, moq-
med pirebs, qronologias. mkvlevari Seecada gaerkvia
mravali istoriuli realia, mocemuli aqvs socialuri
terminebis axsna. Txzuleba orjer iqna gamocemuli
i. abulaZis mier, pirvelad gamosca 1938 wels (Zeglebi
1938). gamocemaSi Sesulia rva xelnaweris kritikulad
dadgenili teqsti. maT Soris somxuri teqstebis qar-
Tuli Targmani. publikacia aRWurvilia sruli samec-
niero aparatiT, teqstebs wamZRvarebuli aqvs gamok-
vlevebi, erTvis leqsikonebi da saZieblebi, 1963 wels
Txzulebis TerTmeti xelnaweris mixedviT momzadebu-
li teqsti gamoqveynda qarTuli agiografiuli Zegle-
bis I tomSi (Zeglebi 1963).
gasuli saukunis 70-ian wlebSi aRiniSna `SuSanikis
wamebis~ aTasxuTasi wlisTavi. am iubilesTan dakavSi-
rebiT gamoqveynda specialuri krebuli (SuSanikis wa-
meba). krebulSi warmodgenili naSromebi sakiTxTa far-
To speqtrs moicavs: teqstologiuri, saxismetyvelebi-
Ti, istoriografiuli, qronologiuri analizi, redaq-
ciaTa urTierTmimarTebiTi problemebis Seswavla, Txzu-
lebis rogorc istoriuli Tu eTnografiuli wyaros
kvleva.
aseTia dReisaTvis qarTuli mwerlobis SesaniSnavi
nimuSis `SuSanikis wamebis~ Seswavlis mdgomareoba.
rogorc zemoT ganxiluli masala gvidasturebs, inten-
siurad mimdinareobda Txzulebis kardinaluri prob-
lemebis kvleva. pirveli publikaciebis paralelurad
aRiniSna pirveli Sexedulebebi qronologiur, teqsto-
logiur, redaqciaTa urTierTdamokidebulebis Tu at-
ribuciis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. `SuSanikis wamebis~
istoriul-wyaroTmcodneobiTi Seswavlis Tvalsazri-
siT Tvisebrivad gamorCeulia XX s. 80-iani wlebidan
periodi _ ixveweba kvlevis meTodebi, gansakuTrebuli
yuradReba eTmoba Zeglis skrupulozul analizs, misi
rogorc istoriuli wyaros sandoobis da istoriuli
rekonstruqciisaTvis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobis dad-
genas. Txzulebis Sesaxeb gamoTqmuli pirveli Sexedu-
lebebidan moyolebuli misdami mkvlevarTa interesi
ar Senelebula. amas mowmobs daTariRebis Tu teqsto-
84
logiuri dazustebis TvalsazrisiT ukanasknel xans
gamoqveynebuli araerTi naSromi. gamoiTqva axali Tval-
sazrisebi, gakeTebul iqna axleburi interpretaciebi.
am sakiTxebze daiwera sagangebo monografiebi. gamoica
kritikuli teqstebi. ganxorcielda Targmanebi rusul
da evropul enebze.
zemoTqmuli TvalsaCino dadasturebaa im faqtisa,
rom `SuSanikis wameba~ warmoadgens qarTuli mwerlo-
bis iSviaT nimuSs, romlis monacemebi did daxmarebas
gviwevs Tanadrouli periodis saqarTvelos istoriis
mTeli rigi sakiTxebis gaazrebis TvalsazrisiT.
damowmebani:
abulaZe 1978: abulaZe i. `SuSanikis wamebis~ 1938 wlis gamoce-

mis winasityvaoba. SuSanikis wameba (gamokvlevebi da werilebi).
Tb.: Tsu gamomcemloba, 1978.
amiranaSvili 1958: amiranaSvili S. bolnisis sionis agebis Ta-
riRis dazustebisaTvis. saqarTvelos politeqnikuri institutis
Sromebi. #4 (61). 1958.
baramiZe 1978: baramiZe a. aTasxuTasi wlis Zegli. SuSanikis wa-
meba (gamokvlevebi da werilebi). Tb.: Tsu gamomcemloba, 1978.
baramiZe 1977: baramiZe r. `SuSanikis wameba~. Tb.: `codna~, 1977.
baqraZe 1889: baqraZe d. istoria saqarTvelosi. tf.: 1889.
brose 1895: brose m. saqarTvelos istoria. nawili pirveli.
tf.: 1895.
burWulaZe 2003: burWulaZe r. `SuSanikis wamebis~ zogierTi
adgilis ganmartebisaTvis. // valerian gabaSvili _ 90. Tb.: Tsu
gamomcemloba. 2003.
gabaSvili 1978: gabaSvili v. `SuSanikis wamebis~ sparsTa mefis
identifikaciisaTvis. SuSanikis wameba (gamokvlevebi da werile-
bi). Tb.: Tsu gamomcemloba, 1978.
gabaSvili 1978: gabaSvili v. `SuSanikis wameba~ rogorc wyaro.
macne (filosofiis seria), #3, 1978.
giunaSvili... 1980: giunaSvili e., sarjvelaZe z. `SuaSanikis
wamebis~ teqstis istoriisaTvis. ciskari, # 8, 1980.
gorgaZe 1917: gorgaZe s. iakob xucesi – wameba wmidisa SuSa-
nikisi. quTaisi: 1917.
goCelaSvili 2000: goCelaSvili o. vin, risTvis awama SuSaniki?
Tb.: 2000.
ingoroyva 1978: ingoroyva p. TxzulebaTa krebuli. IV. Tb.:
`sabWoTa saqarTvelo~ 1978.
85
ioseliani 1843: Иоселиани П. Краткая история грузинской церкви.
составленная кандидатом Платоном Иоселианом. Издание второе. С.-
Петербург: 1843.
kariWaSvili 2002-2003: kariWaSvili l. pirveli gansxvavebuli
Tvalsazrisi `SuSanikis wamebis~ avtorisa da daweris drois
Sesaxeb. // klasikuri da Tanamedrove qarTuli mwerloba. #5-6,
2002-2003.
kekeliZe 1980: kekeliZe k. qarTuli literaturis istoria. I.
Tb.: `mecniereba~ 1980.
redaqciaTa urTierTmimarTebis erTi aspeqti. // SuSanikis wameba.
gamokvlevebi da werilebi. Tb.: Tsu-s gamomcemloba, 1978.
lorTqifaniZe 1966: lorTqifaniZe m. adrefeodaluri xanis
qarTuli saistorio mwerloba. Tb.: `mecniereba~, 1966.
mari 1899: Марр Н. Из поездка на Афон. ЖМНП. №3, 1899.
menabde 1978: menabde d. iakob curtaveliis ,,SuSanikis wameba~
da Zveli qarTuli saistorio mwerloba. // SuSanikis wameba
(gamokvlevebi da werilebi). Tb.: Tsu gamomcemloba, 1978.
nadareiSvili 1978: nadareiSvili g. saqorwino samarTali
V saukunis saqarTveloSi iakob curtavelis `SuSanikis martvi-
lobis~ mixedviT. sabWoTa samarTali, #6, 1978.
papuaSvili 1978: papuaSvili T. iakob curtavelis `martvilobaÁ
SuSanikisi~ (saqarTvelos istoriia mniSvnelovani pirvelwyaro).
macne (istoriia seria), #4, 1978.
papuaSvili 1978: papuaSvili T. iakob curtavelis `martvilobaÁ
peetersi 1935: Peeters P. Sainte Sousanik, martyre on Armeno-Georgie.
Analecta Bollandiana. LIII. № 3-4, 1935.
Jordania 1892: Jordania T. qronikebi da sxva masala saqarTve-
los istoriisa. tf.: 1892.
robaqiZe 1978: robaqiZe m. ,,SuSanikis wamebis~ erTi adgilis
gagebisaTvis. SuSanikis wameba (gamokvlevebi da werilebi). Tb.:
Tsu, 1978.
sabinini 1882: m. sabinini. saqarTvelos samoTxe. peterburgi:
1882.
ter-daviTiani 1973: Тер-давитян K.C. Памятники Армянской агиографии.
Выпуск I. Перевод с дренеармянского вступительные статьи примечания
К.С. Тер-Давитян. Ереван: 1973.
SuSanikis wameba 1978: SuSanikis wameba (gamokvlevebi da
werilebi). Tb: Tsu gamomcemloba, 1978.
CxartiSvili 1990: CxartiSvili m. `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ erTi
anaqronizmis Sesaxeb. mnaTobi, #9, 1990.
caiSvili 1985: caiSvili s. Zveli qarTuli mwerloba. // wer-
lebi da gamokvlevebi. t. 2. Tb.: `mecniereba~, 1985.
Zeglebi 1938: iakob curtaveli. `martvilobaÁ SuSanikisi~. qar-
Tuli da somxuri teqstebi gamosca, gamokvleva, variantebi,
86
leqsikoni da saZieblebi daurTo i. abulaZem. Tb.: saxelmwifo
universitetis gamomcemloba, 1938.
lebi. wigni I. ilia abulaZis xelmZRvanelobiT da redaqciiT.
Tb.: 1964.
WanturiSvili 1978: WanturiSvili s. `SuSanikis wameba~ rogorc
istoriuli eTnografiis wyaro. // SuSanikis wameba (werilebi da
gamokvlevebi). Tb.: Tsu gamomcemloba, 1978.
WeliZe 1997: WeliZe v. qarTlis cxovrebis qronikebi. t. I. Tb.:
`merani~, 1997.
rCeuli Txzulebani eqvs tomad. t. I. Tb.: saqarTvelos macne.
2006.
xurcilava 2001: xurcilava b. `SuSanikis wamebis~ qronologi-
isaTvis. klio, #11, 2001.
xurcilava 2006: xurcilava b. qarTuli damwerlobisa da
adreqristianuli xanis saqarTvelos istoriisaTvis. Tb.: 2006.
mwerloba. Txzulebani Tormet tomad. VIII. Tb.: `mecniereba~, 1977.
janaSvili 1900: janaSvili m. qarTuli mwerloba. wigni
pirveli. tf.: 1900.
janaSia 1978: janaSia n. `SuSanikis wamebis~ somxuri redaqci-
ebis urTierTdamokidebulebisaTvis. mravalTavi. V, Tb.: `mecni-
ereba~, 1978.
janaSia 1988: janaSia n. SuSanikis wameba istoriul-wyaroT-
mcodneobiTi gamokvleva. Tb.: `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1988.
jafariZe 2001: jafariZe g. winaqristianuli tradicia `SuSani-
kis wamebaSi~. dardisas getyvi. giorgi jafariZis xsovnisadmi
miZRvnili krebuli: folklorul-eTnografiuli werilebi, nar-
kvevebi, recenziebi. Tb.: `saari~, 2001.
87
Ketevan Mania
From the History of the Historical and Source Studies

of “The Martyrdom of Saint Shushanik”
Summary
The discussed material of the given article obviously shows that

historical and source studies of the brilliant Georgian literature example
“The Martyrdom of Shushaniki” was and is intensively carried on. The
first viewpoints on the text itself, its chronology, interrelations of the
different redactions or its attribution were expressed as soon as the
martyrdom was published for the first time. From the point of view of
historical and source studies the period that took place from the 80es of
the 20th century differs substantially from others. From this period on
the methods of study became refined. The attention was mostly paid to
the detailed analyses of the historical monument, its reliability as a
historical source and itts possible usage for historical reconstruction.
Since the first viewpoints were expressed about the text till now the
interest of scientists towards it has not been waned. Not a single
published work is a witness of this interest.There are attempts to date the
martyrdom or specify the text in these works. The new viewpoints and
interpretations were put forward. Special monographs were dedicated to
the subject. Critical text was published. The text was translated in
English and Russian.
All above mentioned obviously proves that “The Martyrdom of
Shushaniki” is an exceptional, outstanding example of the Georgian
literature the data of which serve us a great service to understand not a
single problems of those days Georgia.
88
goCa kuWuxiZe
`wmida SuSanikis martviloba~ da

qarTuli mwerlobis dasawyisis problema
qarTuli mwerlobis istoriis dasawyisze msjelobi-

sas jerac `wmida SuSanikis martvilobaze~ vsaubrobT,
maSin, roca arsebobs revaz siraZis, mariam CxartiSvi-
lis, revaz baramiZisa da sxvaTa sayuradRebo naSromebi,
romlebic `wmida ninos cxovrebas~, `farnavazians~ exeba
da romlebic, Tu jer imis saSualebas ar gvaZlevs, rom
romelime Zegli Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis qrestomaTi-
aSi ukve SevitanoT rogorc `wmida SuSanikis martvilo-
baze~ adreuli nawarmoebi, qarTuli mwerlobis V sa-
ukuneze adre arsebobis Sesaxeb Tamamad msjelobis sa-
Sualebas iZleva. Tu saTqmels ufro davakonkretebT,
unda iTqvas, _ migvaCnia, rom `wmida ninos cxovrebis~
arqetips sxvadasxva redaqciis urTierTSedarebis Sem-
deg aRdgena sWirdeba, rac bolodroindeli gamokvleve-
bis gamoqveynebis Semdeg savsebiT SesaZlebelia. qarTu-
li mwerlobis ufro adreul periodSi arsebobis SesaZ-
lobaze ki ukve SeiZleba saubari.
sanam xsenebul sakiTxze daviwyebdeT msjelobas, sa-
Wiroa, im problemasac SevexoT, ramdenad aris SesaZle-
beli, vivaraudoT, rom Tavad iakob curtavels wmida
SuSanikisadmi sxva nawarmoebic hqonda miZRvnili.
iakob xucesi `wmida SuSanikis martvilobis~ dasa-
wyisSi wers: `da aw damtkicebulad giTxra Tquen aRsas-
ruli wmidisa da sanatrelisa Sunikisi~; Semdeg iwyebs
Txrobas, Tu rogor gaemgzavra varsqen pitiaxSi iranis
Sahis karze da iqve brZanebs:
`da colad misa iyo asuli vardanisi, somexTa spaÁpe-
tisaÁ, romlisaTÂs ese mivwere Tquenda, mamisagan saxe-
liT vardan, da siyuaruliT saxeli misi SuSanik, moSi-
Si RmrTisaÁ, viTarca-igi vTquT, siyrmiTgan TÂsiT~
(Zeglebi 1964: 11).
sityvebi _ `viTarca igi vTquT~, didi xania, rac iq-
cevs mkvlevarTa yuradRebas. radgan nawarmoebSi SuSa-
89
nikis bavSvobaze arsad ar aris saubari, mkvlevarTa
umetesobisaTvis cxadi xdeba, rom iakob xucess dedof-
lis bavSvobaze, sxva, _ Cvenamde mouRwevel teqstSi
usaubria. mkvlevarTa Soris ar aris Tanxmoba, Tu ra
saxis unda yofiliyo is teqsti.
sergi gorgaZe miiCnevda, rom `wmida SuSanikis mar-
tvilobas~ win uZRoda miwer-mowera avtorsa da im pirs
Soris, vinc iakobs nawarmoebis dawera daavala (iakob
xucesi 1917: 25).
ivane javaxiSvili ar iziarebda mosazrebas, rom na-
warmoebi, SesaZloa, SekveTiT iyos dawerili, _ imitom,
rom, rogorc igi aRniSnavs, `martvilobidan~ kargad
Cans, Tavisi nebiT rom gadauwyvetia iakobs dedoflis
mowameobis aRwera, _ iakobi wamebisaTvis mzad myof de-
dofals eubneba: `viTar gegulebis, miTxar me, raÁTa
uwyodi da aRvwero SromaÁ Seni~ (javaxiSvili 1980: 64).
vfiqrobT, es imas niSnavs, rom, Tu SuSaniki gauZlebs
gamocdas, Tu SeZlebs, rom isev qristesken Semoaqcios
varsqeni, maSin, SesaZloa, Rirseuli dedoflis `cxov-
reba~ daiweros da varsqenic codvisagan TavdaxsnilTa,
momnanieTa Soris iqneba am wignSi moxseniebuli, aRniS-
naven netari dedoflis did Rvawls, rac codvaSi Ca-
vardnilis gadasarCenad gaswia. gavixsenoT deda febro-
nia `wmida grigol xancTelis cxovrebidan~, _ man xom
mefe `siZvis dedakacTan~ erTad codvaSi yofnisagan ix-
sna. Tu mowameobrivad aRasrulebs dedofali cxovre-
bas, maSin `mowameoba~ daiwereba misi. iakobma winaswar
ar icis, `cxovrebis~ Janris nawarmoebi Seiqmneba mis
mier Cawerili movlenebis saSualebiT, Tu _ `wamebisa~.
am sakiTxze sityvas ar gavagrZelebT, magram gvinda mki-
Txvelis yuradReba erT garemoebazec gavamaxviloT, _
ar unda vifiqroT, rom, roca SuSaniks Rvawlis aRwera
SesTavaza iakobma, amiT, faqtiurad, mowameobisaTvis Se-
amzada igi, _ ara, rogorc iTqva, Tu SuSaniki mowameob-
rivad ar daasrulebda cxovrebas, maSin ara _ wamebis,
aramed dedoflis Rirseuli `cxorebis~, misi `moqala-
qobis~, `Rvawlis~ Sesaxeb Seiqmneboda hagiografiuli
nawarmoebi.
90
iv. javaxiSvili miiCnevda, rom, SesaZloa, nawarmoebis
mxolod meore nawilia SemorCenili da mas aklia `mTe-
li pirveli, SuSanikis cxovrebis momTxrobeli~ nawili,
romelSic SuSanikis RvTismosavobazec iqneboda sauba-
ri (javaxiSvili 1980: 64).
korneli kekeliZe, marTalia, bolomde ar uaryofda,
magram mainc saeWvod miiCnevda am azrs, radgan, rogorc
TviTon aRniSnavs, àgiografiul mwerlobis tradicias
aseTi danawileba erTi mTliani nawarmoebisa ar sCve-
via~ (kekeliZe 1980: 115). igi varaudobda, rom, SesaZloa,
iakob curtavels dawerili hqonda wmida SuSanikisadmi
miZRvnili sxva nawarmoebi, `romelSic SuSanikis Sesa-
xeb gakvriT iyo laparaki~, Semdeg ki axali nawarmoebi
dawera, sadac `sagangebod an damtkicebiT [...] aRwera mi-
si martviloba~ K(kekeliZe 1980: 115).
am sakiTxebis Seswavlisas Sermadin onianma sergi
gorgaZis mosazreba gaiziara, miiCnia, rom `SuSanikis
`martvilobas~ unda akldes iakob xucesis werili Txzu-
lebis SemkveTisadmi da SeiZleba SemkveTis werilic
iakobisadmi, romlebSic zogadad yofila saubari SuSa-
nikis Sesaxeb~ (oniani 1978: 76); igi sxva SemTxvevaSic
eTanxmeba sergi gorgaZes da aRniSnavs, rom ìakob xuce-
sis werilSi unda yofiliyo saubari SuSanikis `RvTis-
moSiSebaze~, da misi saxelis Sesaxebac~. mkvlevari va-
raudobs, rom SemkveTi, SesaZloa, samoel mTavarepis-
koposi iyo da rom swored mas mimarTa iakobma sityve-
biT _ `mivwere Tquenda~ (oniani 1978: 75-76). Sermadin
onians ar miaCnia marTebulad mosazreba, romlis mixed-
viT, nawarmoebs, SesaZloa, pirveli nawili hqonda. Cve-
namde moRweuli teqstidan kargad Cans, rom iakob xucesi
`pirvelad gvacnobs Txzulebis personaJebs: varsqeni
arSuSa pitiaxSis Zea, qristiani mSoblebis Svili, mas
colad hyavs somexTa spaspetis vardan mamikonianis asu-
li. Txzulebas rom pirveli nawili hqonoda, maSin es
yvelaferi iq iqneboda aRniSnuli da avtors maTi game-
oreba aRar dasWirdeboda~ (oniani 1978: 75).
sruliad ueWvelia, rom marTlac arsebula romeli-
Rac Cvenamde mouRweveli teqsti, romelSic wmida SuSa-
nikze iyo saubari.
91
konkretulad ris Sesaxeb unda yofiliyo im teqstSi
saubari, iqneboda Tu ara masSi SuSanikis cxovreba
moTxrobili?
rogorc ganxiluli citatidan vnaxeT, nawarmoebis
dasawyisSi avtori gvamcnobs, Tu vin iyo SuSaniki, visi
meuRle, visi Svili gaxldaT, ra erqva mamamiss. rom
yofiliyo CvenTvis ucnob teqstSi wmida SuSanikis
cxovreba, Tundac, Zalian mokled moTxrobili, iq isic
iqneboda naTqvami, rom vardanis asuli da varsqenis
coli iyo igi da iakobs am cnobebis gameoreba, rogorc
Sermadin oniani nawarmoebis pirveli nawilis arsebobi-
sa Tu ararsebobis Sesaxeb msjelobisas wers, ar das-
Wirdeboda. iakob xucesi im ucnobi teqstidan, Cveni az-
riT, mxolod ramdensame cnobas imeorebs. Tu Cavukvir-
debiT nawarmoebs, SevamCnevT, romeli winadadeba warmo-
adgens winare teqstSi mocemuli cnobebis gameorebas:
`mamisagan saxeliT vardan da siyuaruliT saxeli misi
SuSanik,~ am SemTxvevaSi adre naTqvamis nawilobrivi ga-
meoreba unda iyos. Cven kargad viciT, Tu ra erqva de-
dofals, misi saxeli Cvens xelT arsebul teqstSic uk-
ve moxseniebuli aqvs avtors da, cxadia, moxseniebuli
iqneboda im teqstSic, romelSic dedoflis bavSvobidan
RvTismoSiSobaze yofila saubari. magram iakobi mainc
kidev ambobs, rom dedoflis saxeli SuSaniki iyo da
amas imitom akeTebs, raTa agvixsnas, rom am saxels mas
siyvaruliT uZaxdnen, xolo `namdvili~ saxeli sxva
iyo, e. i am SemTxvevaSi imisi dazusteba xdeba, rom Su-
Sanik dedofals, vityviT ase, òficialurad~ mamiseuli
saxeli _ vardani erqva. Tu misi saxeli `vardanduxti~
iyo, maSin, SesaZloa, isic unda vifiqroT, rom sparsu-
li daboloebis mqone saxelis xseneba ar surs iakobs,
rom am saxeliT aRar ixseniebda SuSaniki Tavs.
Ddamoukidebeli nawarmoebi iqneboda es teqsti Tu
Semadgeneli nawili nawarmoebisa, rogori Sinaarsisa
unda yofiliyo igi?
`martviloba~, rogorc aRvniSneT, iwyeba sityvebiT: `da
aw damtkicebulad giTxra Tquen aRsasruli~. e. i. avto-
ri ambobs, rom axla ki danamdvilebiT, damowmebiT (e. i.
faqtebis CvenebiT) moyveba netari SuSanikis aRsasruls.
92
nawarmoebi eklesiaSi sakiTxavadaa dawerili, xolo
aq moyvanili winadadeba adre dawyebuli saubris uSu-
alo gagrZelebas warmoadgens (am sakiTxebze ix. _ iakob
xucesi 1917: 25, kekeliZe 1980: 115); moZRvari mrevls imis
Sesaxeb esaubreba, razedac cota xnis winaT daiwyo
laparaki. Cveni azriT, Zalian Zneli dasajerebelia,
rom eklesiaSi myofi mqadagebeli wmida SuSanikisadmi
miZRvnil sxva nawarmoebs, sxva sakiTxavs gulisxmobdes,
_ imas, romelic, saeWvoa, CvenTvis cnobil sakiTxavTan
erTad yovelTvis yofiliyo wakiTxuli, romelsac,
SesaZloa, arc icnobda mrevli. Zneli dasajerebelia,
rom iakobis es sityvebi sxva, damoukidebeli, nawarmo-
ebis arsebobaze mianiSnebdes, igi mosasmenad ar axseneb-
da iseT sakiTxavs, saerTod, _ raime iseT teqsts, rome-
lic am mrevlisaTvis, SesaZloa, sruliad ucnobi yofi-
liyo. ufro iseTi STabeWdileba iqmneba, rom `martvi-
lobis~ CvenTvis cnobil teqsts win uZRoda masTan uSu-
alod dakavSirebuli teqsti, _ Sesavali, romelSic wmi-
da SuSanikis RvTismoSiSobaze, sikeTeze iyo saubari,
romelSic misi saqebari sityvebi iqneboda gadmocemuli,
riTac moZRvari msmenelebs netari SuSanikis ambis mo-
sasmenad amzadebda.
Tu aq warmodgenili varaudi sworia, maSin safiqre-
beli xdeba, rom es iyo nawarmoebi, romelSic avtori
netari SuSanikis ambis uSualod moTxrobamde msmenels
wmidanis saTnoebaze esaubreboda, adidebda mis gamZle-
obas, tanjvaTa atanis unars, did morwmuneobas, RvTis-
moSiSebas, rac SuSaniks bavSvobidanve gamoarCevda.
SesaZlebelia ufro meti dazustebac.
rogorc vnaxeT, iakobi, brZanebs:
`da colad misa iyo asuli vardanisi, somexTa spaÁpe-
tisaÁ, romlisaTÂs ese mivwere Tquenda~.
e. i. wmida SuSanikis mamis Sesaxeb ukve mogwereTo.
garda imisa, rom xsenebuli sityvebi iakob xucesis
mier dawerili sxva, CvenTvis ucnobi, teqstis arsebobas
kidev erTxel adasturebs, igi sxva mxrivac iqcevs yu-
radRebas: saeWvoa, rom es sityvebi mxolod mrevlisaken
iyos mimarTuli, sruliad aSkarad Cans, rom aq mar-
Tlac werilis gagzavnaze, miwerazea laparaki, adresa-
93
tad igulisxmeba is adamiani, romlisTvisac werili mi-
uweria, romelic, mrevlisagan gansxvavebiT, mqadageblis
axlos ar imyofeba. marTalia, am sityvebs mrevls uki-
Txaven, magram sityvebi _ `mivwere Tquenda~ aSkarad mig-
vaniSnebs, rom aq werilis gagzavnazea laparaki da mar-
Tlac safiqrebeli xdeba, rom iakobs romeliRac piri
hyavs mxedvelobaSi, mas uambobs momxdars, eubneba, _ aw
damtkicebulad (e. i. _ axla ki faqtebis moyvaniT, da-
mowmebiT) getyvi, giambob wmida SuSanikis aRsasrulis
Sesaxebo. erT pirs mimarTavs, magram, cxadia, msmenele-
bad mrevls, saerTod, `SuSanikis wamebis~ yvela mkiTx-
vels gulisxmobs.
Txrobis es wesi Tavad saxarebaSia gamoyenebuli _
luka maxarebeli saxarebis dasawyisSi RmrTismoyvared
moxseniebul Teofiles mimarTavs, Teofiles uambobs
uflis Sesaxeb, magram, cxadia, saxareba mxolod mis-
Tvis ki ara, _ mTeli qristianuli samyaros gasagonad
iwereba.
mociqulTa epistoleebs konkretuli adresatebi hyavs,
magram am epistoleebs eklesiaSi mTel mrevls ukiTxa-
ven, _ imitom, rom, cxadia, es epistoleebic mTeli qris-
tianuli samyaros gasagonad aris dawerili.
lukas saxareba, rogorc iTqva, Teofilesadmi mimar-
TviT iwyeba, Teofiles sayuradRebod wers luka maxare-
beli am sityvebs, _ `jer-miCnda meca, romeli Seudeg
pirveliTgan yovliTa WeSmaritebiTa Semdgomad miwerad
Senda mÃneo RmTismoyuareo Teofile, raÁTa scan, ro-
melTaTÂs-igi iswave sityuaTa maT krZalulebaÁ~, _ l. 1,
3-4 (citirebas vaxdenT Semdegi gamocemidan _ qarTuli
oTxTavi 1979); axal qarTul TargmanSi _ `miviCnie mec,
rom mas Semdeg, rac guldasmiT gamovikvlie yovelive
Tavidan, Tanmimdevrulad agiwero, Rirseulo Teofile.
rom Seicno im moZRvrebis WeSmariteba, romelic giswav-
lia~ (axali aRTqma 1991).
ar aris Zneli SesamCnevi, rom es sityvebi stilistu-
radac axloa `SuSanikis wamebis~ sityvebTan, _ `romeli
ese mivwere Tquenda~, `damtkicebulad giTxra~, _ iako-
bic xom damowmebiT, e. i. faqtebis moyvaniT, Tanmimdev-
rulad, anu `damtkicebiT~ apirebs Txrobas.
94
vfiqrobT, ar aris saeWvo, rom iakobi Sesaval nawil-
Si adresats mimarTavda. Tu es iyo saeklesio ierarqi,
romelmac iakobs saeklesio sakiTxavis dawera daavala,
aseT SemTxvevaSi iakob curtaveli, rogorc Cveulebriv
xdeboda xolme, albaT, uRirsad miiCnevda Tavs, magram
mere ver gabedavda davalebis Sesrulebaze uaris Tqmas
da daTanxmdeboda, moeTxro am didi wmidanis cxovreba;
Semdeg ki imis Sesaxeb isaubrebda, rom SuSaniki bavSvo-
bidanve RvTismoSiSi iyo. swored am dros axsenebda
SuSanikis mamas, _ `spaÁpet~ vardans (romelzec Semdeg
Tqva: `romlisaTÂs ese mivwere Tquenda~), Seaqebda Svi-
lis saTnod aRzrdisaTvis... nawarmoebidan marTlac aS-
karad Cans, rom iakobma netari SuSanikis cxovrebis aR-
wera ara vinmes davalebiT, aramed, sakuTari nebiT da-
iwyo, magram erTia cxovrebis aRwera da meore _ am aR-
werilisaTvis saeklesio sakiTxavis formis micema.
iakobma, SesaZloa, gabeda, rom Caewera netari SuSanikis
cxovrebiseuli faqtebi, SesaZloa, dedoflis sicocx-
leSive iwerda mis Tavs gardamxdar movlenebs, man, Tu
SeiZleba ase iTqvas, Seqmna masala saeklesio sakiTxavis
dasawerad, magram Tavad sakiTxavis Sesaqmnelad, albaT,
uRirsad miiCnevda Tavs.
amasTan, Tund, davuSvaT, rom mas Tavidanve gadawyve-
tili hqonda, eklesiaSi wasakiTxi wigni Tavadve daewe-
ra, ar aris SeuZlebeli, saqmis bolomde misayvanad ma-
inc Tavisze didi saeklesio ierarqis Txovna Tu brZa-
neba marTlac dasWirveboda, _ iseTi Txovna, romelSic,
daaxloebiT iseve, rogorc `wmida habo tfilelis mar-
tvilobaSi~, ewereboda, rom, radgan iakobma kargad
icis, Tu ra gardaxda Tavs wamebuls, radgan uSualod
Seeswro movlenebs, swored mas evaleba wmida SuSanikze
sakiTxavis dawera. Sermadin onianis marTebuli aRniS-
vniT, iakobi Tavis ganzraxvas, daewera `SuSanikis mar-
tviloba~, `ver ganaxorcielebda sxvaTa daxmarebisa da
SemkveTis gareSe~ (oniani 1978: 76).
SeiZleba miviCnioT, rom `wmida SuSanikis martvilo-
bis~ CvenTvis cnobil teqsts win marTlac uZRoda saek-
lesio ierarqisadmi iakob xucesis mimarTva. xsenebuli
saeklesio ierarqis dawerili epistole, SesaZloa, ar
95
axlda nawarmoebs da iakobis mimarTvidan Canda, rom
mis Txovnas asrulebda hagiografi, magram, Tu `wmida
habos wamebis~ magaliTs gavixsenebT, amgvari varaudis
gamoricxvac ar iqneba marTebuli (am sakiTxze ix. iakob
xucesi 1917: 25).
arc is aris SeuZlebeli, rom iakobi mimarTavda ara
Tavisze did saeklesio pirs, aramed, romelsame sxva
RvTismosav adamians, romelsac wmida SuSanikis mowame-
obis ambis mosmena ainteresebda, romelsac sulis sa-
sargeblo istoriis mosmena sWirdeboda. es saWiroebac
gaamarTlebda xucesis mier `wmida SuSanikis martvilo-
bis~ daweris faqts.
orive SemTxvevaSi safiqrebelia, rom `wmida SuSani-
kis martvilobas~ win uZRoda Sesavali, romelic mimar-
Tvis formiT iyo dawerili da romelSic RvTismoSiSi
SuSanikis bavSvobaze, mis kargad aRmzrdel mamaze da
sxvaze iqneboda zogadi saubari. Cans, `wmida SuSanikis
martvilobas~ win iseTi Sesavali uZRoda, romelsac sa-
eklesio ierarqTan, an sxva RvTismosav pirovnebasTan,
miwerili epistoles forma hqonda. rogorc iTqva, Cven
ar varT darwmunebulni, rom es iyo Cveulebrivi, _
klasikuri formis epistole, an iseTi mimowera or pirs
Soris, rogoric es `wmida habo tfilelis martviloba-
Sia~, SesaZloa, es iyo ara epistole an mimowera, ara-
med, iseTi Sesavali nawarmoebisa, romlis dasawyisSi
erT-erTi pirovnebisadmi xdeboda mimarTva da episto-
les forma hqonda. safiqrebelia, rom SesavalSi wmida
SuSanikze mxolod zogadad, cxovrebiseuli faqtebis
Cvenebis gareSe, iyo saubari, cxovrebiseuli faqtebis
Tanamimdevruli gadmocema ki daiwyo sityvebiT: _ `da
aw damtkicebulad giTxra Tquen~.
Cven verc im mosazrebas gaviziarebT, TiTqos litur-
giaze zepirad warmoiTqva fraza wmida SuSanikis bav-
Svobis Sesaxeb, rom amaze metyvelebs teqstSi SemorCe-
nili sityvebi: `viTarca igi vTquT~... `wmida SuSanikis
wameba~ aris eklesiaSi sakiTxavad winaswar Seqmnili
teqsti da ara _ eklesiaSi mqadageblis mier homiliasa-
viT zepirad warmoTqmuli da am dros, an Semdeg, sxvis
mier Cawerili. ver gaviziarebT azrs, TiTqos sityvebi
96
`da aw damtkicebulad giTxra Tquen~ _ wmida SuSanikis
mowameobis dRes, _ uSualod RvTismsaxurebis Semdeg
warmoTqmuli frazaa, da rom e. i. am winadadebas sxva
teqstis gagrZelebis gamo ki ara aqvs aseTi, _ romeli-
Rac sxva teqstis momdevno winadadebis saxe, aramed imi-
tom, rom misiT wirvis an locvis Semdgomi etapi, _ qa-
dageba, uSualod, _ wmida SuSanikis cxovrebis Txroba
iwyeboda. hagiografiuli sakiTxavi mxolod eklesiaSi,
mxolod liturgiaze ara, _ igi saxlebSic ikiTxeboda,
monasterSi kiTxulobdnen monazvnebi (kluCevski 2000:
751-775), `wmida SuSanikis wamebis~ dawerisas aucileb-
lad gaiTvaliswinebdnen, rom es mxolod liturgiisas
sakiTxavi nawarmoebi ar aris da mas iseT formas ar
miscemdnen, rom marto liturgiaze mosaxmarad gamom-
dgariyo da, rogorc damoukidebel mxatvrul nawarmo-
ebs, vTqvaT, saxlSi wakiTxvisas, arasrulyofili, nak-
luli teqstis saxe hqonoda. marTalia, àbibos nekrese-
lis wameba~ amgvarad iwyeba, _ `xolo jer-ars, raÁTa
mcired SemoviRoT ÃsenebaÁ wmidisa da ubiwoÁsa mRdelT
moZRurisa da mowamisa~ (Zeglebi 1964: 240), magram am si-
tyvebiT daviT garejelis cxovrebis aRweris dasrule-
bis Semdeg axal ambavze gadasvla xdeba, _ wmida abibos
nekreselis Sesaxeb iwyeba Txroba (vrclad am sakiTxe-
bis Sesaxeb ix. _ kuWuxiZe 2005: 53-54) da amitom ar unda
miviCnioT, rom xsenebuli nawarmoebis aseTi stiliT
dawyeba iman ganapiroba, rom misi kiTxva liturgiis
dasrulebisa da masze dakanonebuli sakiTxavebis waki-
Txvis Semdeg daiwyes. rogorc iTqva, `cxovreba~ Tu `wa-
meba~ mxolod liturgiaze ar gamoiyeneba, _ mas li-
turgiis gareSec kiTxulobdnen da imgvarad ar wer-
dnen, rom damoukidebeli nawarmoebis saxe ar miecaT (am
sakiTxebis Sesaxeb ix. grigalaSvili 2006: 34-36).
amrigad, vfiqrobT, ivane javaxiSvili da korneli
kekeliZe savsebiT marTebulad miiCnevdnen, rom iakob
curtavels wmida SuSanikisadmi miZRvnili sxva teqstic
unda hqonoda dawerili, sergi gorgaZe ki, Cans, am Sem-
TxvevaSi kidev ufro axlos mivida simarTlesTan, _ si-
marTlesTan axlos dadga, roca miiCnia, rom `wmida
SuSanikis martvilobas~ win Sesavali, kerZod, _ mimowe-
97
ra unda hqonoda wamZRvanebuli. vambobT, rom, Cans, ax-
los mivida simarTlesan, radgan, rogorc zemoTac aRi-
niSna, ar arsebobs damarwmunebeli argumenti, rom es
iyo mimowera da ara mxolod iseTi teqsti, romelic sa-
suliero pirisadmi mimarTviT iwyeboda. am SesavalSi,
SesaZloa, romelime pirovnebisadmi iakobis mxolod mi-
marTva iyo da ara _ mis mier Seqmnili klasikuri epis-
tole, vTqvaT, _ pasuxi Tavisi moZRvrisadmi. dazuste-
biT ver vityviT, iyo Tu ara es epistole, an mimowera,
magram is azri ki dasaSvebad migvaCnia, rom nawarmoebs
wamZRarebuli hqonda Sesavali, romelSic romeliRac
pirs mimarTavdnen da romlis aRmocenebac lukas saxa-
rebam da mociqulTa epistoleebma ganapiroba.
safiqrebelia, rom habosa da, Tu aq warmoCenili mo-
sazreba sworia, SuSanikis `wamebebSi~ Txroba msgavsi
formiT, _ konkretuli pirovnebisadmi mimarTviT iwye-
boda. erTi pirovnebisadmi iseTi mimarTva, rac ara mxo-
lod am erT an ramdensame pirovnebas, aramed, msmenelis
ganusazRvrel raodenobas gulisxmobs, rogorc iTqva,
saxarebaSia dadasturebuli. lukas saxarebisa da epis-
toleebis mibaZviT sakiTxavis amgvarad dawyebis tradi-
cia, SesaZloa, qarTul eklesiaSi qristianobis adreul
periodSi iwyebda aRmocenebas.
safiqrebelia, rom wmida SuSanikis bavSvobaze mimar-
Tvis formis mqone SesavalSi iqneboda saubari da ara _
calke nawarmoebSi an SuSanikis cxovrebis momTxrobel,
_ nawarmoebis pirvel nawilSi. rogorc Cans, saeklesio
praqtikaSi `wmida SuSanikis martvilobis~ Sesavali na-
wilis kiTxva ar iyo tradiciad Camoyalibebuli, li-
turgiaze mas yovelTvis ar kiTxulobdnen, esec unda
iyos erT-erTi mizezi imisa, rom SemdgomSi es Sesavali
aRar gadaiweres da `wmida SuSanikis martvilobam~ Cve-
namde mis gareSe moaRwia.
amrigad, viziarebT mosazrebas, rom wmida SuSanikis
Sesaxeb sxva nawarmoebis arseboba ar aris savaraudo.
Cvens xelT arsebul nawarmoebs win wamZRvarebuli unda
hqonoda ucnobi teqsti, Sesavali, romelSic avtori ro-
meliRac pirs mimarTavda da romelsac Cvenamde ar
mouRwevia.
98
qarTuli mwerlobis dasawyisis problemasTan dakav-
SirebiT Cvens yuradRebas Semdegi garemoeba iqcevs:
Zv. wR-is XIV-XIII ss-iT daTariRebul xeTur religi-
ur teqstebs Soris SemorCenilia xeTur kerpTa aRwe-
rilobani, romlebic qarTulad akad. grigol giorga-
Zem Targmna (giorgaZe 1985: 149-151). teqstebs im mizniT
werdnen, rom zustad yofiliyo dadgenili, Tu rogori
ikonografiisa unda yofiliyo esa Tu is kerpi, rome-
li masalisagan unda daemzadebinaT igi, gansazRvru-
liyo sakulto inventari, kerpis adgilmdebareoba da
sxva, raTa `saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi aRedginaT dangreuli
taZrebi da Zveli kerpebi~ (giorgaZe 1985: 148). am teq-
stebs àRwerilobani~ k. g. brandeStainma da l. iakob-
rostma uwodes (iqve).
gr. giorgaZem gaarkvia, rom xeTur kerpTa aRweri-
lobani zedmiwevniT emTxveva `moqcevaÁá qarTlisaÁ~-sa
da `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ Semonaxul armazis, gacisa
da gas aRwerebs (giorgaZe 1985: 151-156), rom erTnairia
xeTur da qarTul kerpTa aRwerilobebis struqtura.
orive SemTxvevaSi gamoiyofa àRwerilobis ZiriTadi
komponentebi: kerpis anTropomorfuloba da sqesi, misi
poza, masala, romliTac igi damzadda, RvTaebis atri-
butebi, RvTaebis buneba, misi Cacmuloba, kerpis Tan-
xmlebi RvTaebis arseboba~ (giorgaZe 1985: 153). SeiZleba
Tamamad iTqvas, rom gr. giorgaZis dakvirvebebi saetapo
mniSvnelobisaa qarTuli warmarTobis istoriis
kvlevisaTvis.
xeTur kerpTa aRwerilobebi mravalricxovania. msgav-
seba marTlac udavoa. ai, xeTuri teqstis gr. giorgaZi-
seuli Targmanis erTi nawili:
`RvTaeba iSTari (mkvlevaris aRniSvniT, misi xeTuri
saxeli ucnobia, _ g. k. _ giorgaZe 1985: 149): [qalRvTa-
eba], mjdomare. mxrebidan [frTebi gamosdis]; marjvena
xelSi oqros Tasi [upyria, marcxena xelSi] aqvs oqros
`sikeTe~ (mTargmnelis TqmiT, _ es romeliRac simbo-
loa, g. k. _ iqve). mis qvemoT sayrdenia, movercxlili,
[romlis qveS] devs lomis gamosaxuleba, movercxlili.
lomis frTebis marjvniv [da marcxniv] qalRvTaeba ni-
99
naTa (da) qalRvTaeba quliTa dganan. isini vercxlisaa,
maTi Tvalebi mooqrulia~ (giorgaZe 1985: 149).
`RvTaeba iSTari `Zaxilisa~: oqros qandakeba, mdgo-
mare mamakaci. mxrebidan frTebi gamosdis. marjvena
xelSi oqros culi upyria, marcxena xelSi ki oqros
`sikeTe~ aqvs; dgas kudian lomze, movercxlilze, rom-
lis mkerdi mooqrulia. frTebidan marjvniv da marcx-
niv qalRvTaeba ninaTa da qalRvTaeba quliTa dganan~
(iqve).
SevadaroT es aRwerilobebi qarTul kerpTa aRwerebs:
`kaci erTi spilenZisaá da tansa missa ecua jaWÂâ
oqroÁsaáda Cafxuti oqroÁsaáda samÃarni esxnes: frcxi-
li da bivriti da Ãelsa missa aqunda Ãrmali lesuli,
romeli brwyinvida da iqcevoda Ãelsa Sina [...] da mar-
jul misa dga kerpi oqroÁsa da saxeli misi gaci, da
marcxl misa kerpi vercxlisaáda saxeli misi ga~
(Zeglebi 1964: 119).
`kaci erTi spilenZisa, tansa missa ecua jaWÂâ oqro-
si, da Tavsa missa Cabalaxi myari, da Tualni esxnes
zurmuxti da bivriti, da ÃelTa misTa aqunda Ãrmali
brwyinvale, viTarca elva da iqceoda ãÃelTa Sina [...],
da kualad iyo marjueniT missa kaci oqrosi da saxe-
li misi gaci da marcxeniT missa udga kaci vecxlisa,
da saxeli misi gaim~ (qarTlis cxovreba 1955: 89).
gr. giorgaZis azriT, xeTebis samefos ganadgurebis
Semdeg (daaxl. Zv. wR-is 1200 w.) Woroxisa da zemo ev-
fratis teritoriidan muSqebis nawili CrdiloeTisa-
ken, nawili samxreTisaken unda gadanacvlebuliyo da
maT istoriul qarTlSi unda gadmoetanaT anatolias-
Tan, xeTebis samefosTan dakavSirebuli religiuri tra-
diciebic, romlebic Zv. wR-is III s-mde, e. i. farnavazis
mier sakulto reformis gatarebamde iarsebebda (gior-
gaZe 1985: 157); e. i. unda vivaraudoT, rom, rogorc ama-
ze qarTuli wyaroebi migvaniSnebs, qarTvelTa zogi-
erT toms, _ `yovel eWvs gareSe, istoriuli qarTlis
ufro samxreTiT mdebare~ (giorgaZe 1985: 157) àrian
qarTlidan~ moutania kerpebi, romlebic xeTur kerpeb-
Tan amJRavnebda siaxloves (iqve).
100
gvinda Cveni mosazreba gamovTqvaT im sakiTxTan da-
kavSirebiT, Tu ra mizezebi unda ganapirobebdes xeTur
da qarTul kerpTa aRwerilobebis teqstologiur
siaxloves.
xeTur da qarTul teqstebze dakvirvebidan aSkarad
Cans, rom maT Soris uSualo kavSiri arsebobs. tradi-
ciis Tanaxmad, kerpebi wmida ninos unaxavs da xiluls
igi agviwers. `moqcevaÁá qarTlisaÁs~ II nawilSi, e. w.
`wmida ninos cxovrebaSi~ Txroba pirvel pirSia. es na-
warmoebi leonti mrovels Tavis `mefeTa cxovrebaSi~
CaurTavs da Txroba mesame pirSi gadautania. Tu qar-
Tuli teqstebidan amoviRebT zogierT zmnas (ècua~,
èsxnes~, àqunda~...), romelic warsul droSia Cayenebu-
li da bunebriv, TxrobiT kilos aniWebs `wmida ninos
cxovrebis~ am adgils, an, Tu am zmnebs awmyo droSi
gadaviyvanT, maSin Cven winaSe warmoCndeba zustad ise-
Tive mkafio struqturiT Camoyalibebuli teqsti, ro-
goric xeTuria da romelic, rogorc Cans, lakonurad
gansazRvravs kerpTa ikonografias, atributikas, dasam-
zadebel masalas, kerpTa adgilmdebareobas; aSkarad
Cans, rom xeTur da qarTul àRwerilobebs~ Soris si-
axlove SemTxveviTi ar aris da rom armazis, gacisa da
gas aRwerebic e. w. `sainventaro teqstebs~ warmoadgens.
rogorc ukve iTqva, _ bolo drois gamokvlevebiT
aSkarad irkveva, rom `wmida ninos cxovreba~ IV s-Tan
dakavSirebuli Zeglia (revaz siraZe, marina CxartiSvi-
li, revaz baramiZe, lela patariZe, guram narsiZe, maia
naWyebia... ix. siraZe 1997; CxartiSvili 1987; baramiZe
2003; naWyebia 2000...); iTqva, rom am nawarmoebs garkve-
uli cvlilebebi aqvs gancdili, Tumc, saTanado muSa-
obis Semdeg misi arqetipis aRdgena, vfiqrobT, SesaZ-
lebeli gaxdeba. es nawarmoebi marTlac Tavad wmida
ninosa da ZeglSi moxseniebuli movlenaTa sxva TviT-
mxilvelebis monaTxrobis safuZvelze unda iyos Seq-
mnili. monaTxrobis Camweri, erT-erTi redaqtori (o-
Rond ara _ avtori), rogorc nawarmoebidan Cans, aris
salome ujarmeli.
am ramdenime wlis win Sesrulebul naSromSi Cven
aRvniSnavdiT, rom `wmida ninos cxovrebaSi~ kerpebis
101
aRwera gauqmebuli warmarTuli taZridan gamotanili
teqstis mixedviT unda iyos momxdari (kuWuxiZe 1999:
133-134); Cans, redaqtirebisas wmida ninoseuli monaTx-
robi am teqstis mixedviT dauzustebiaT. `wmida ninos
cxovreba~ im dros iwereba, roca kerpebi ukve dangre-
ulia da kerpTa zusti aRwerisaTvis redaqtorebi àR-
werilobaTa~ teqstiT isargeblebdnen. `wmida ninos
cxovrebaSi~ CarTvisas àRwerilobebis~ teqstSi zmnebs
warsul droSi gadaiyvandnen, an zogs amoiRebdnen, ra-
Ta `cxovrebaSi~ CarTul am teqsts TxrobiTi saxe mi-
eRo da nawarmoebSi Txrobis saerTo stils misadageboda.
farnavaz mefe qmnis kerp armazs, romelic hgavs ro-
gorc iranul ahuramazdas, ise berZnul-romaul zevssa
da iupiters, oRond, mxolod hgavs, magram damoukide-
beli, TavisTavadi saxis mqonea. Cans, reformamde ker-
pTa triada ukve arsebobda, oRond masSi armazis adgi-
li xeTur-luviur armas ekava (am sakiTxebze vrclad
vmsjelobT werilSi _ kuWuxiZe 2000).
farnavazis, rogorc religiuri reformatoris, moR-
vaweoba, vfiqrobT, kultmsaxurebis enobriv mxaresTan
mWidrod iqneboda dakavSirebuli. farnavazma `ganav-
rco enaÁá qarTuli~, misi moRvaweobis Semdeg àrRara
izraxeboda sxuaÁá ena qarTlsa Sina Tvinier qarTuli-
sa~, man `Seqmna mwignobroba qarTuli~; farnavazis sa-
xelmwifoSi armazuli taZari, cxadia, ideologiis cen-
tri iyo, _ Zalian Zneli dasajerebelia, rom qveyanaSi,
sadac, qarTulis garda, sxva ena ar ìzraxeboda~, kul-
tmsaxurebis ena qarTuli ar yofiliyo, rom qarTlis
warmarTuli taZari ar iyo qarTulenovani.
farnavazis istoriis Semomnaxav leonti mrovels
Tavis `mefeTa cxovrebaSi~, `wmida ninos cxovrebis~
garda, CarTuli unda hqondes `farnavaziani~ (baramiZe
1990: 11) da, aseve, _ `mirianis cxovreba~ (xsenebul
sakiTxebze ix. goilaZe 2008: 158-168...).
leonti mrovelis `mefeTa cxovrebaSic~ farnavaz
da mirian mefeebze saubrisas aSkarad igrZnoba, rom
farnavazis mier Seqmnili kerpi `qarTulenovani~ iyo
da rom mirian mefec qristianobaze moqcevamde qarTul
102
enasTan dakavSirebul kerpebs emsaxureboda. davukvir-
deT leonti mroveliseul teqsts:
farnavazis Sesaxeb jer naTqvamia, rom man `ganavrco
ena qarTuli~ da `Seqmna mwignobroba qarTuli~ da Sem-
deg weria: `mokuda farnavaz da dafles winaSe arma-
zisa kerpisa~. konteqstidan aSkarad igrZnoba, rom ar-
mazi qarTulenovan samyarosTan dakavSirebuli kerpia;
am konteqstiT, farnavazma qarTuli enis ganvrcobiT,
`qarTuli mwignobrobis~ SeqmniT, didi Rvawli gaswia
da am didi erovnuli amagis gamRebi mefe bolos Tavi-
si kerpis winaSe valmoxdili `daemarxa~; roca naCvene-
bia, rom `qarTuli mwignobrobis~ SeqmniT qarTvelTa
RvTaebis winaSe aRsrulda vali, es imas niSnavs, rom
RvTaeba qarTulenovani religiuri samyaros `warmomad-
genelia~, safiqrebelia, rom teqstSi kerpisadmi erT-
gvari simpatiis gamovlena Zveli wyarodan momdinare-
obs, _ leonti mroveli, SesaZloa, odnav cvlis
teqsts, magram am wyaros saerTo ganwyobileba `mefeTa
cxovrebaSic~ isaxeba.
miriani `mefeTa cxovrebaSi~ warmoSobiT iraneladaa
warmoCenili; iranis Sahi qarTlis didebulebs am pi-
robas udebs: ìyos Svili Cemi orsave sjulsa zeda,
mamaTa CuenTa cecxlsmsaxurebasa da TquenTa kerpTa-
sa~... Semdeg naTqvamia, rom miriani aRizarda `msaxure-
basa SvidTa maT kerpTasa da cecxlisasa. xolo Seiyu-
arna qarTuelni da daiviwya ena sparsuli da iswava
ena qarTuli. da hmata Semkoba kerpTa da bomonTa, ke-
Tilad ipyrna qurumni kerpTani. da yovelTa mefeTa
qarTlisaTa umetes aRasrulebda msaxurebasa mas ker-
pTasa. da Seamko saflavi farnavazisi. xolo ese yove-
li qarTuelTa saTnoebisaTvis hqmna. da keTilad ip-
yrna qarTuelni niWiTa da yovliTa didebiTa. da Se-
iyuarnes igi yovelTa qarTuelTa umetes yovelTa me-
feTasa~ (qarTlis cxovreba 1955: 62-65). aq aSkarad erT-
maneTTan aris dapirispirebuli, erTi mxriv, cecxlis-
msaxureba da sparsuli ena da, meore mxriv, kerpebi da
qarTuli ena; miriani sparsul enasa da mazdeanobas
Sordeba, qarTul enasa da qarTvelTa RvTaebebs ki
iTavisebs. konteqstidan igrZnoba, rom, Tu qarTlSi
103
mazdeanobis ena sparsulia, qarTuli kerpebisa _ qar-
Tuli. Cven winamdebare werilSi mirianis erovnebaze
ar vmsjelobT, ar vikvlevT, marTla iraneli Sahis Ze
iyo igi Tu ara (`moqcevaÁá qarTlisaÁ~-s matianes Ta-
naxmad, igi qarTvelTa mefis Zea), magram vxedavT, rom
ganxiluli qarTuli wyaroebis Tanaxmad, miriani or
religiur samyaros Soris dgas da bolos igi irCevs
qarTlis kerpebs, romlebic qarTulenovan samyarosTan
dakavSirebulad aRiqmebian.
mcxeTis kerpebi leonti mrovelis mier `gaqarTule-
buli~ ar aris. qarTlis warmarTuli religiis qar-
Tulenovnad warmoCena mrovelis fantaziis nayofs rom
warmoadgendes, mas yalbi istoriis Seqmnis survili
rom hqondes, maSin garkveviT, mkafiod, cxadad ityoda,
rom qarTlSi warmarTuli kultmsaxureba qarTul ena-
ze aRevlineboda, rom am kerpebze qarTulad locu-
lobdnen, magram teqstSi amgvari cnobebi ar moipoveba,
aqedanac cxadi xdeba, rom leonti mroveli marTlac
sxva wyaroebiT sargeblobda, _ iseTiT, romlebSic
kerpebi `qarTulenovnad~ iyo warmodgenili. wyaroebi
aSkarad migvaniSnebs, rom qarTlSi warmarTuli kul-
tmsaxureba qarTul enaze sruldeboda.
armazuli religia, rogorc Cans, e. w. `mwignobruli
religia~ iyo. armazis taZarSi religiuri teqstebi yo-
fila Senaxuli (`taZars~ am sityvis ara mxolod zoga-
di, aramed, pirdapiri mniSvnelobiTac vxmarobT; reli-
giuri teqstebi, Tavad kerpebi, SenobaSi, _ taZarSi iq-
neboda daculi, rogorc es garkveuli periodis xeTur
religiaSi xdeboda. ix. giorgaZe 1985: 151); Cans, rom
masSi e. w. `sainventaro teqstebic~ inaxeboda.
qarTlis mTavari kerpebis àRweriloba~ qarTlis
warmarTul taZarSi daculi erT-erTi umniSvnelovane-
si teqsti iqneboda da saeWvoa, rom igi romelsame sxva
enaze yofiliyo dawerili.
`matiane SemecnebaTa~-s mixedviT, qarTvel qurumebs
jer kidev farnavazamde hqondaT qarTuli anbani
(SaraZe 1972: 122-127); xsenebul ZeglSi laparaki unda
iyos imis Sesaxeb, rom es iyo mxolod pergamentze sa-
weri anbani, romelic farnavazs warmarTuli taZridan
104
saero xmarebisaTvis gamoutania (kuWuxiZe 2001)... Tu
qarTveli qurumebi farnavazis reformamde ukve iyeneb-
dnen qarTulenovan teqstebs, maSin unda miviCnioT, rom
farnavazis reforma mxolod Tavad kerpebs Seexeboda
da qarTuli àRwerilobani~ qarTul enaze farnavazam-
de gacilebiT adreul periodSi Camoyalibebula. aseT
SemTxvevaSi unda vifiqroT, rom àRwerilobani~, ro-
melsac anatoliasTan dakavSirebuli erT-erTi qarTve-
luri tomi istoriul qarTlSi mosvlamde iyenebda,
farnavazis reformis dros mxolod Sinaarsobriv cvli-
lebas ganicdida, _ kerpebis ikonografiis SecvlasTan
erTad Seicvleboda àRweriloba~, mesame kerpis saxe-
li, Tumc, àRwerilobis~ ZiriTadi sqema ucvleli
darCeboda; Tu miviCnevT, rom farnavazma, rogorc re-
ligiurma da erovnulma reformatorma, enobrivi re-
formebi taZarSic ganaxorciela, rom man ara mxolod
saero cxovrebaSi, aramed upirvelesad warmarTul ta-
ZarSi `ganavrco enaÁá qarTuli~ da masSi danergva `mwig-
nobroba qarTuli~, maSin qarTulenovani àRweriloba~
Cv. wR-mde III s-iT unda daTariRdes.
dRes Cvens xelT arsebuli teqsti, misi calkeuli
sityvebi, gadawerisas ama Tu im drois enobrivi nor-
mebis Sesabamisadac Secvlili saxiT iqneba moRweuli
(Tu ramdenad aris SemorCenili àRwerebSi~ nawarmo-
ebis mTeli teqstidan gamorCeuli arqauli formebi, es
sakiTxi enaTmecnierTa kvlevis sferoa)... Tu es teqsti
anatoliasTan dakavSirebulma qarTvelurma tomma far-
navazze gacilebiT adre Seqmna, maSin, bunebrivia, enob-
rivi cvlilebebi Tavdapirvel teqsts gacilebiT bev-
rjer eqneba gancdili (saerTod, qarTvelur tomTa
kultmsaxurebaSi teqstebis arsebobis, SemorCenili
qarTuli aRwerebis werilobiTi gziT momdinareobis
sasargeblod, xeTuri da qarTuli aRwerebis zusti
teqstologiuri msgavsebis garda, sxva garemoebac mig-
vaniSnebs, _ Tu erT-erTi qarTveluri tomis warmarTu-
li sarwmunoeba uSualod xeTurs ukavSirdeboda, Tu
maTi kerpebi msgavsi iyo, maSin araferia uCveulo ima-
Si, rom qarTvelur tomebsac adridanve hqonodaT xeTe-
bis msgavsi teqstebi, msgavsi yofiliyo kultmsaxurebac).
105
uZvelesi teqsti Cvenamde moRwevamde cvlilebebs ga-
nicdida, magram es garemoeba xels ar uSlis im mosaz-
rebis arsebobas, rom xeTuri àRwerilobebis~ Sesaba-
misad Seqmnili qarTulenovani teqstis aRmocenebis sa-
varaudo zRvarad Cv. wR-mde III saukune an gacilebiT
adreuli, xeTebis samofosTan kavSiris periodi, miviC-
nioT. vfiqrobT, am mimarTebiT momavalSi saWiro iqneba
kvleva.
Tu qarTuli warmarTuli religia mwignobruli iyo,
Tu qarTul enaze sainventaro teqstebi iqmneboda, cxa-
dia, safiqrebelia, rom sxva religiuri teqstebic iqne-
boda am taZarSi daculi da es ki imas niSnavs, rom
qristianobamdeli qarTuli mwerlobis arsebobaze uf-
ro Tamamad SeiZleba visaubroT. miT umetes, amis met
safuZvels prof. levan WilaSvilis arqeologiuri aR-
moCena gvaZlevs (WilaSvili 2000).
amrigad, vfiqrobT, wmida SuSanikisadmi miZRvnili
sxva nawarmoebis arseboba ar aris savaraudo, magram
qristianobis damkvidrebamde qarTuli mwerlobis ga-
cilebiT adre arsebobaze Tamamad SeiZleba vimsje-
loT. qarTul warmarTul taZarSi sainventaro teqsteb-
Tan erTad, rogorc iTqva, aucileblad iqneboda da-
culi sxva religiuri teqstebic, _ damoZRvra, Tu mi-
Tebi RvTaebaTa Sesaxeb.
xsenebul sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT kidev erT gare-
moebaze gvinda gavamaxviloT yuradReba: Tu qarTuli
mwerlobis ganviTarebis istorias gadavxedavT, advi-
lad SevamCnevT, rom rom `wmida konstanti kaxis mar-
tvilobamde~ qarTul hagiografiaSi sul araqarTvel
wamebulebze iwereba wignebi. araqarTvelad aris war-
moCenili wmida nino, araqarTvelebi arian gvirobanda-
ki, anu wmida evstaTi mcxeTeli, asureli mamebi, maT
Soris, _ wamebuli _ abibos nekreseli, raJden pirvel-
mowame, arCil mefis Sesaxeb naTqvamia, rom igi iyo `na-
Tesavi da tomi xuasrovanTa sparsTa mefisa~ (qarTlis
cxovreba 1955: 247); SesaZloa, qarTvel mrevls ucnobi-
ereben, rom qarTvelTa qveyana isaa, sadac ucxoelebs
gansakuTrebiT uyvardebaT qristes sjuli da misTvis
Tavs swiraven. SemdgomSi am ideam ufro gamokveTili
106
saxe ioane sabanisZesTan miiRo. Cans, es ZvelqarTul
literaturul tradiciad unda ganvixiloT.
Tu `wmida ninos cxovreba~ marTlac adreul peri-
odSi Seiqmna, maSin safiqrebeli xdeba, rom qali mowa-
mis cxovrebis aRweris tradiciac iwyebda CvenSi Camo-
yalibebas, magram es tradicia SemdgomSi sxvaTa da
sxvaTa mizezis gamo aRar ganmtkicebula. `wmida ninos
cxovreba~ da `wameba wmida SuSanikisa~, SesaZloa, Cana-
saxSi myofi am tradiciis amsaxveli Zeglebi iyos.
akad. korneli kekeliZe savsebiT sworad amaxvileb-
da yuradRebas im faqtze, rom yovladwmida RvTismSob-
lisadmi wilxvdomilobis idea `wmida ilarion qarTve-
lis cxovrebaSi~ iRebs saTaves. SemdgomSi es azri
prof. soso maxaraSvilma ganaviTara, _ aRniSna, rom am
movlenas politikuri mizezebi unda hqonoda da is
azric gamokveTa, rom RvTismSoblisadmi qarTlis wil-
xvdomilobis ideas saeklesio gadmocemac edo safuZ-
vlad (maxaraSvili 2009: 209-221). ar aris SeuZlebeli,
rom `wmida SuSanikis wameba~ sworedac rom masze adre
daweril `wmida ninos cxovrebis~ literaturul tra-
diciasac misdevdes, misi erTgvari zegavlenis qveSac
iyos moqceuli. iseve, rogorc `wmida ninos cxovreba-
Si~, arc am ZeglSi ar aris warmoCenili RvTismSoblis
Zlieri kulti (erTgan gvaqvs aseTi winadadeba _ `vixi-
le tarigi igi qristÀsi Suenierad, viTarca sZali, Sem-
kuli sakvrelTa maTgan~. Tumca, aq qristes sZalzea
laparaki da qristianuli paradigma, SesaZloa, RvTis-
mSobelTan arc kavSirdebodes. _ Zeglebi 1964: 22).
saerTod, vfiqrobT, `wmida SuSanikis martvilobaSi~
SeiZleba moiZebnos adgilebi, romlebic `wmida ninos
cxovrebis~ gavleniT unda iyos dawerili. magaliTad,
gavixsenoT SuSanikis gardacvalebis epizodi: `da hmad-
lobda RmerTsa da Tqua: `kurTxeul ars ufali Rmer-
Ti Cemi, rameTu mSÂdobiT mas zeda davwev da daviZine~
(Zeglebi 1964: 28). fsalmunidan moxmobil am sityvebis
(4, 9) gamoZaxili, SesaZloa, iyos `wmida ninos cxovre-
bis~ Semdegi sityvebi, romelTac aRsrulebis piras myofi
nino warmoTqvams: `dameZinebian ZiliTa dedisa CemisaÁ-
Ta saukunod~ (Zeglebi 1964: 105). cxadia, Cven ar gvaqvs
107
safuZveli imisa, eWvi SevitanoT, rom netarma SuSanikma
marTla warmoTqva es fraza, _ amjerad yuradRebas im
faqtze vamaxvilebT, rom `wmida SuSanikis martviloba-
Si~, SesaZloa, `wmida ninos cxovrebis~ msgavsi epizodi
meordeba, rac im faqtze SeiZleba miuTiTebdes, rom
SuSanikisadmi miZRvnili Zeglis avtori SuSanikis mier
warmoTqmuli am sityvebis gameorebas `wmida ninos
cxovrebis~ zegavleniTac axdens.
`wmida SuSanikis martviloba~ gvesaxeba im Zeglad,
romelic `wmida ninos cxovrebis~ arealSi unda ganvi-
xiloT. qarTuli mwerlobis dasawyisi ki, vfiqrobT,
gacilebiT adreul periodSia saZiebeli.
damowmebani:
axali aRTqma 1991: axali aRTqma da fsalmunebi. bibliis Tar-

gmnis instituti. stolkholmi: 1991.
axali varianti 1891: axali varianti wm. ninos cxovrebisa anu
meore nawili qarTlis moqcevisa. eqvTime TayaiSvilis gamocema.
tf.: 1891. .
baramiZe 1977: baramiZe r. `SuSanikis wameba~, Tb.: 1977. @
baramiZe 2003: baramiZe r. qarTuli mwerlobis saTaveebTan. //
literaturuli Ziebani, XXIV, Tb.: 2003.
baramiZe 1990: baramiZe r. `farnavazma Zlierhyo queyana Tvisi~.
1990.
giorgaZe 1985: giorgaZe gr. xeTur-armazuli `triadebi~. `mnaTo-
bi~, # 5, Tb.: 1985.
goilaZe 2008: goilaZe v. `moqcevaÁ qarTlisaÁs~ qronikisa da
`mefeTa cxovrebis~ urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi. // samecniero
krebuli `wminda nino~. Tb.: àrtanuji~, 2008.
grigalaSvili 2006: grigalaSvili i. `wmida SuSanikis wamebis
dasawyisi~. // literaturuli Ziebani, XXVII, SoTa rusTavelis
qarTuli litarturis instituti, Tb.: 2006.
iakob xucesi 1917: iakob xucesi, wamebaÁ wmidisa SuSanikisi.
teqsti, SeniSvnebi da variantebi s. r. gorgaZis redaqtorobiT.
quTaisi: 1917.
kekeliZe 1980: kekeliZe k. Zveli qarTuli literaturis
istoria. I, Tb.: 1980.
kluCevski 2000: Ключевский В. Краткий курс по русской истории. М.:
2000.
kuWuxiZe 1999: kuWuxiZe g. kidev erTxel `wmida ninos cxovrebis~
daTariRebisaTvis. // literaturuli Ziebani, XX, Tb.: 1999.
108
kuWuxiZe 2000: kuWuxiZe g. qarTveli armazianebi qristeanuli
epoqis zRurblze. `religia~, # 1-2-3, Tb.: 2000.
kuWuxiZe 2001: kuWuxiZe g. Teimuraz bagrationis erTi cnoba da
qarTuli anbanis warmoSobis sakiTxi. // literaturuli medita-
ciebis samyaroSi. Tb.: 2001.
oniani 1978: oniani S. iakob xucesis `wamebaÁ wmidisa SuSanikisi~.
Tb.: `mecniereba~, Tb.: 1978.
naWyebia 2000: naWyebia m. masalebi `wminda ninos cxovrebis~
daTariRebisaTvis. // saerTaSoriso simpoziumi _ qristianoba:
warsuli, awmyo, momavali (moxsenebaTa mokle Sinaarsebi). Tb.:
2000.
siraZe 1989: siraZe m. `ninos cxovreba~ da dasawyisi qarTuli
mwerlobisa. `ganTiadi~, # 2, Tb.: 1989.
siraZe 1997: siraZe m. `wminda ninos cxovreba~ da dasawyisi
qarTuli agiografiisa. Tb.: 1997.
qarTlis cxovreba 1955: qarTlis cxovreba. I, simon yauxCiSvi-
lis gamocema. 1955.
oTxTavi 1979: qarTuli oTxTavis ori bolo redaqcia. teqsti
gamosca da gamokvleva daurTo ivane imnaiSvilma. Tb.: 1979.
SaraZe 1972: SaraZe g. Teimuraz bagrationi. cxovreba. Tb.: 1972.
CxartiSvili 1987: CxartiSvili m. qarTuli hagiografiis wya-
roTmcodneobiTi Seswavlis problemebi, `cxovreba wmidisa
ninoÁsi~. Tb.: 1987.
lebi. I. dasabeWdad moamzades il. abulaZem, n. aTaneliSvilma,
n.goguaZem, l. qajaiam, c. qurcikiZem, c. Wankievma da c. jRamaiam
ilia abulaZis xelmZRvanelobiTa da redaqciiT. Tb.: saqarTve-
los ssr mecn. akad. gamomc. 1964.
WilaSvili 2000: WilaSvili l. winaqristianuli xanis qarTuli
warwera nekresidan. // qarTvelologia, VII. Tb.: 2000.
javaxiSvili 1980: javaxiSvili iv. Zveli qarTuli saistorio
mwerloba. wigni I. Tb.: 1980.
109
Gocha Kuchukhidze
“The Martirdom of Saint Shushanik” and

The Origins of Georgian Literature
Summary
The history of Georgian writing is generally regarded to begin with

“The Martyrdom of St.Shushanik” (5th century) despite the fact that very
significant researches have been appeared since the eighties of the last
century (by the professors: Revaz Siradze, Marina Chkhartishvili etc.)
according to which “The Life of St.Nino” was created not in the 9th or
10th century as it was believed for a long time but in the 4th century,
though it has come down to us in an altered form.
In “The Life of St. Nino” there is an episode in which the idols of
Kartli (Iberia): Armaz, Gatsi and Ga are described.
Almost similar descriptions of the idols are preserved in the Hittite
texts of the 14th or 13th century BC. For illustration we present the text of
Hittite and Georgian descriptions:
“The deity Ishtar [goddess] sits. From the shoulders [wings appear];
in the right hand the golden cup [has in the left hand] has golden
“kindness”. Beneath it there is silver support, [under which] is the image
of a lion in silver. On the right of lion’s wings [and on the left] the
goddess Ninata (and) the goddess Kulita stand. They are in silver, their
eyes are of golden”.
Let us compare these descriptions with the description of Georgian
idols:
“One copper man (Armaz) stands wearing golden helmet, and with
jaspers and emerald on the shoulder straps; and in his hands he has a
double-edged sword glittering and rotating in his hands, (…) and to the
right of him there is a golden idol whose name is Gatsi, and to the left of
him there is a silver idol and its name is Ga”.
It is evidenced from the texts that Georgian paganism must have had
some connection with the Hittite world as was stated by Grigol
Giorgadze.
It is known that the Hittites preserved these texts at the temple so as
in case of damage they could restore the idol according to the data kept
in the text. It seems they had the same purpose in Kartli.
It is very doubtful that anybody could have kept it in mind as to what
kind the inventory text of technical character preserved in the 4th–
110
century heathen temple was up to the 9th or 10th century (the manuscripts
are of 10th century). It is also questionable that this inventory text itself
had been kept up to the 9th or 10th century and then included into “The
Life of St. Nino” (if they had desire to preserve the old texts on
Georgian paganism, they would have kept significant manuscripts on
inventory texts). It seems very unlikely that these texts of technical
character were taken off from the abolished pagan temple in the 4th
century and inserted to the “The Life of St. Nino” for accurate des-
cription of the idols. The existence of this text in “The Life of St. Nino”
is additional evidence that the mentioned composition was of an earlier
period because in the 9th or 10th centuries these texts could not have
appeared in “The Life of St. Nino”.
Besides the inventory texts, clearly, other kinds of ecclesiastical texts
must have been preserved in Georgian pagan temple.
When and what language these texts must have been preserved in
Kartli?
In Grigol Giorgadze’s view after the downfall of the Hittite kingdom
(ca 1200 BC) from the territory of the Upper Euphrates part of the
ancient Georgian tribes – Mushki moved to the north, another part must
have moved from the south and they appeared to transfer religious
traditions connected with Hittite kingdom to historical Kartli as well.
These traditions must have been changed during the conduction of cult
reform by the King of Kartli (Iberia) Parnavaz in the 3rd century BC.
The king Parnavaz set up the idol of Armaz which has connection
both with the Iranian Ahura Mazda and Greek-Roman Zeus and Jupiter,
but there is only resemblance as it has its own independent unique
identity. It seems that the triad of deities had already been existed before
Parnavaz’s reform but Armaz was replaced by Hettite-Luwian Arma,
Armaz took its place that was created by Parnavaz on his name.
The reformatory activity of Parnavaz seems to be closely connected
with the linguistic side of worshipping. According to Leonti Mroveli
Parnavaz “spread the Georgian language”. No other language was
spoken in Kartli since then. It is also said that Parnavaz created Geor-
gian “mtsignobroba.” The Georgian word “mtsignobroba” is defined by
the scholars as alphabet and as literacy, i.e. according to the second
point of view Parnavaz had established Georgian written language in the
Kingdom, it is very likely that Parnavaz made Georgian the official
language.
111
No matter how we comprehend the word – “mtsignobroba”, one
thing is certain –Georgian language appeared to attain the highest status
during the reign of Parnavaz in Iberia. In Parnavaz’s kingdom the Ar-
maz temple was considered as ideological centre, _ it is rather unbe-
lievable that in the country where, as Leonti Mroveli puts it, “besides
Georgian, no other language was spoken”, that the language of worship
service not to be Georgian. The description of the main idols of Kartli
must have been one of the most important texts kept in the pagan temple
of Kartli and it is doubtful to be written in any other language.
As old Georgian historical source “Matiane Shemecnebata” reports,
Georgian priests had already had Georgian script before Parnavaz which
was used in the.
If we consider that Parnavaz as a reformer, implemented language
reform not only in the secular life but first of all he “spread the Georgian
language” in the pagan temple, then the Georgian texts must be
considered to be created in the 3rd century BC.
If Georgian priests had already used Georgian texts in the temples,
then it may be supposed that Parnavaz took the Georgian script already
existed since Hittites in this temple from the pagan temple for secular
use. In this case the words created “mtsignobroba” mean just this. It
should be noted that the creation of Georgian script prior to Parnavaz
(3rd century BC) must be linked to Hittites epoch.
The oldest text came down to us in “The Life of St.Nino” must have
undergone the alteration mainly during conduction of religious reforms
in Parnavaz time.
We can speak with more certainty on the existence of Georgian
writing in pre-Christian times.
112
III
curtavi (qolagiri). dedaTa monasteri
IV
istoria da hagiografia
ivane amirxanaSvili
istoria da agiografiuli Txzuleba
giorgi merCule Tavisi Txzulebis SesavalSi xaz-

gasmiT wers: mogiTxrobT imas, rac wmida grigolis
mowafeTagan da mowafis mowafeTagan gamigoniao. savse-
biT naTelia avtoris pozicia – igi hyveba WeSmarit
ambavs, romlis utyuarobis garantad, misi azriT, TviT-
mxilvelTa gadmocemebi unda miviCnioT. es aris doku-
menturi Txrobis principi da am princips mTxrobeli
deklaraciuli formiT amtkicebs. magram roca sagans
mtkiceba esaWiroeba, es imas niSnavs, rom arsebobs sa-
pirispiro modusi, sawinaaRmdego debuleba, gnebavT,
sapirispiro Tvalsazrisi, romelic logikurad Tu
ara, qvecnobierad mainc uaryofs mocemul mtkicebas.
yoveli mtkiceba Tavis TavSi atarebs antinomiis Ca-
nasaxs. is, rasac vamtkiceb, CemTvis WeSmaritebaa, mag-
ram sxvisTvis SeiZleba ar iyos WeSmariteba, anda SeiZ-
leba sxvisTvis WeSmariteba iyos is, rasac uarvyof
Cems mtkicebaSi.
Tavisi mtkicebiT giorgi merCule neba-uneblieT aRi-
arebs im faqts, rom agiografiul TxrobaSi arsebobs
sivrce, romelic SeiZleba Seivsos ara dokumenturi,
ara namdvili, aramed gamonagoni, fiqtiuri nakadiT.
ivane javaxiSvili wmindanTa cxovrebebsa da martvi-
lobebs saistorio mwerlobis organul nawilad miiC-
nevda, riTac agiografiis wyaroTmcodneobiT sando-
obas aRiarebda, igi imasac dasZenda, rom qarTuli sa-
moqalaqo saistorio dargi saeklesio mwerlobisgan
ganviTarda (javaxiSvili 1945:13). Tumca, Tu agiografia
istoriografiis nawilia, maSin rogor xdeba, rom is-
toriografia viTardeba agiografiis wiaRSi, anu ro-
gor itevs nawili mTels? damafiqrebeli kiTxvaa, ami-
113
tom sanam pasuxs gavcemdeT, manam mogviwevs garkveva
imisa, Tu
ra aris istoria?
sad aris istoria?
rogoria istoria?
istoria arsebobs imdenad, ramdenadac arsebobs we-
rilobiTi Zegli, dawerili sityva, igive teqsti, Tumca
SeiZleba yvelaferi imis aRniSvniT daviwyoT, rom ada-
miani, Tavisi individualuri, TavisTavadi, ganumeorebe-
li bedis gaTvaliswinebiT, istoriuli arsebaa da ada-
mianis suli aris is adgili, sadac istoria axorci-
elebs Tavis Tavs. warsulSi Cvenc vmonawileobT imde-
nad, ramdenadac SegviZlia gavecnoT warsuls da am
gacnobaSi, am codnaSi Tanaarsebobs ori dro – indivi-
dualuri da zogadi dro.
istoriografiis mizani ubraloa – gamoarkvios faq-
tebi da aRadginos kavSiri am faqtebs Soris. sirTule
iwyeba iq, sadac istorikosi ara marto arkvevs da Se-
iswavlis faqtebs, aramed cdilobs maT wvdomas, gaaz-
rebas da imis Ziebas, Tu rogor moqmedebs RvTiuri sa-
wyisi istoriaSi.
swored am gzaze gadadgmul pirvel nabijad iTvle-
ba is, rom viwyebT gagebas, Tu rogor ukavSirdebian
erTmaneTs istoriis faqtebi (toinbi 2003: 122).
istoriaSi RvTiuri sawyisis Zieba subieqturi inte-
resis sferos ganekuTvneba da amitomac Zieba emociis,
ideis saxiT warmogvidgeba. istoriuli movlenebis xa-
siaTsa da struqturas adamianTa emociuri da idealis-
turi ganwyobilebebi gansazRvraven.
rogorc raimon aroni wers, ar arsebobs interesi,
ideis saburvelSi gaxvevas da misi saSualebiT Tavis
dacvas rom ar eswrafvodes, ar arsebobs vneba, ide-
alur an istoriulad aucilebel mizans rom ar eZle-
odes TavdaviwyebiT (aroni 2000: 460).
arsebobs aseTi franguli gamoTqma: àdamianebi qmni-
an TavianT istorias, magram ar ician istoria, romel-
sac qmnian~.
adamiani Tavisi drois, Tavisi `sicocxlis istori-
is~ ganmavlobaSi CarTulia im procesebSi, romlebic
114
qmnian mis Tanamedrove istorias, magram yovelive es
istoriad iqceva maSin, roca igi tovebs Tavis dro-siv-
rces da mis nacvlad modis sxva Taoba da sxva dro-
sivrce, romelsac, Tavisi SesaZleblobebis mixedviT,
metafizikur planSi gadaaqvs winamorbedi Taobis praq-
tikuli yofiereba da misi gaTvaliswinebiT faseulo-
baTa axal wyebas ayalibebs.
faseuloba, rogorc tradicia, teqstis saxiT for-
mdeba, oRond ise, rom teqstis Sinaarsi ar emTxveva
yofierebis Sinaarss – arc moculobiT da arc struq-
turiT. yofiereba arasodes ar aris iseTi, rogorsac
wignSi vxedavT. basili zarzmeli ityvis, wigni aris
`sityvismieri gamoxatva vrcelisa cxorebisa~-o. cxov-
reba sxvagvarad gansazRvravs Tavisi literaturuli
TviTdadgenis wess, transfomirebulad, sxvagvari mo-
difikaciiT gadadis wignSi.
cxovreba wignSi uaryofs Tavis Tavs imisaTvis, rom
gadarCes, rom iyos iseTi, rogoric misTvis aris misa-
Rebi (derida 2000: 122). TviTuaryofis momentSi yofi-
ereba Tavis pirobebs uyenebs avtors, avtori ki, piri-
qiT, cxovrebis winaSe ayenebs moTxovnebs. am winaaRmde-
gobas aregulirebs sityva, rogorc gamosaxvis saSu-
aleba. Cndeba stili – cxovrebis literaturuli mi-
zanscena. Txrobis werilobiTi forma meistories saSu-
alebas aZlevs daakanonos Tavisi SemoqmedebiTi pre-
tenziebi. ivane javaxiSvili sagangebod SeniSnavda, rom
qarTuli saistorio mwerlobis tradiciis Tanaxmad,
Rirseuli istorikosisTvis saaugo iyo Txrobis ubra-
lo, litoni sityviT dawera.
xatovaneba Txrobis Sinagani Tvisebaa. ar arsebobs
istoria tropolgiisa da ritorikuli formebis gare-
Se. èfeqtebis Teoriis~ mixedviT, saistorio Txrobis
Zala mxatvruli saSualebebis gamoyenebaSi vlindeba
(rikiori 2004: 329). amis klasikuri magaliTia Zveli aR-
Tqmis wignebi, romlebSic istoriuli mexsiereba sxva
mxridan aris ganaTebuli, realuri movlenebi moTxro-
bilia aSkarad gamokveTili stilizebuli aqcentiT,
faqtobrivad gauqmebulia zRvari literaturasa da ma-
tianes Soris.
115
istoriis interteqstualuri faqtura, anu enobriv-
literaturuli nakadi udavo faqtia, magram gasaTva-
liswinebelia, rom aq laparakia zedapirze da ara siR-
rmeebze, sadac gansxvaveba, literaturasTan mimarTe-
biT, wesia, msgavseba ki – gamonaklisi.
ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom mxatvruli teqsti qmna-
dobis Sedegia, rogorc enobrivi, ise saxeobrivi Tval-
sazrisiT. igi qmnis samyaros, romelSic Cadebulia
àraprognozirebadi TviTganviTarebis meqanizmebi”
(lotmani 2000: 354).
istoria ki valdebulia aRweros zustad is, an miuax-
lovdes imas, rac sinamdvileSi iyo da, SeZlebisdagva-
rad, Tavidan aicilos JanrisTvis SeuTavsebeli `TviT-
ganviTarebis meqanizmebi~, anu mxatvruli gamonagoni.
aristoteles ganmartebiT, istoriaSi warmoebs dro-
is erTi monakveTis gaSuqeba, sadac SeiZleba ambebs er-
TmaneTTan SemTxveviTi kavSiri hqondeT, maSin, roca
mxatvrul nawarmoebSi Suqdeba erTi moqmedeba, romel-
Sic yvela ambavi koncentrirebulia erTi mTliani am-
bis garSemo da aqvs Tavisi dasawyisi, Sua nawili da
bolo (aristotele 1944: 50).
literaturuli azrovneba iwyeba movlenis fenomeno-
logiur siRrmeSi, sadac mwerali TviTon irCevs, saiT
wavides _ momxdari ambis obieqturi mTlianobisken, Tu
subieqturi nawilisken. mematianisTvis faqti aris das-
rulebuli dro, sruli namyo, mwerlisTvis ki – daus-
rulebeli awmyo.
rogorc istoria ar aris marto qronika da faqte-
bis grova, ise literatura ar aris marto siuJeti da
metaforebi. gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs imas, Tu Si-
naganad ra ideas atarebs Janri, ra intencia, ra Cana-
fiqri devs mis TviTganviTarebaSi, radgan, rogorc cno-
bilia, sul sxvaa istoriis idea da sul sxva – lite-
raturis idea.
agiografiasa da istorias Soris arsebobs msgavseba,
orive asaxavs warsuls da orive gankuTvnilia Semdgo-
mi droisaTvis, romelSic erT kulturul sivrced mo-
iazreba awmyo da momavali. zogierTi agiografiuli
Txzulebis SesavalSi herodotes istoriis Sesavlis
116
reminiscenciebic ki SeimCneva _ `rom ar unda iqnes da-
viwyebuli gamoCenil moRvaweTa saqmianoba~ da a. S. or-
ive Janris principia individualuri mexsierebis gar-
dasaxva koleqtiur mexsierebad. SeiZleba agiografi-
uli nawarmoebi istoriul wyarod gamoviyenoT, magram,
miuxedavad amisa, ver vityviT, rom igi saistorio Jan-
ris Txzulebaa. upirveles yovlisa, imitom, rom saqme
gvaqvs ideur, msoflmxedvelobriv da esTetikur sxva-
obebTan. erTi aseTi magaliTis moyvana SeiZleba. vTqvaT,
gadavwyviteT davweroT saqarTvelos literaturuli
istoria, anu qarTveli eris istoria literaturasTan
kavSirSi. romel teqsts mivaniWebT gansaxilveli masa-
lis statuss _ `SuSanikis wamebas~ Tu juanSeris Txzu-
lebas? ra Tqma unda, `SuSanikis wamebas~. istoriuli
Txzuleba ver iqneba Janrze meti, rac aris, is aris –
TavisTavadi, TviTkmari, Tavis TavSi arsebuli.
agiografiuli Txzuleba hyveba ambavs da ara isto-
rias. ambavi aris is konkretuli realoba, rac moxda,
istoria ki _ am realobis aRdgenis saSualebaTa sis-
tema. es kargad aris gamijnuli germanul enaSi: ambavi
_ Geschichte, istoria _ Historie. asevea inglisurSic –
history – istoria da story – ambavi, Txroba.
istoriografiis mizania movlenebis TandaTanobiT
Secnoba, faqtebis dialeqtikuri analizi; agiografia
interesdeba movlenaTa urTierTmoqmedebis SedegiT.
ferweris enaze rom vTqvaT, meistories ainteresebs
perspeqtiva, agiografoss – foni. istorikosi gvixsnis,
agiografosi – mogviTxrobs. pirveli axdens istoriis
deindividualizacias, meore – istoriis individuali-
zacias, anu gmiris, individis saxeSi axdens movlenaTa
Sinaarsis Tavmoyras. pirvelis xedva retrospeqtulia,
meorisa – introspeqtuli (im TvalsazrisiT, rom avto-
ri ixedeba gmiris sulier biografiaSi).
istorikosi Sedis movlenis siRrmeSi da alagebs
mis struqturas, arkvevs, Tu ra, rogor da ratom mox-
da, cdilobs iyos obieqturi da gamoiyenos Txrobis
Sesabamisi teqnika, romelic Seqmnis iluzias, rom is-
toria TviTon hyveba Tavis Tavs.
117
agiografiaSi Cadebulia gansakuTrebuli fsiqolo-
giuri meqanizmi, romelic aqtiurad pulsirebs mZafri
subieqturi ganwyobilebebis fonze da Txrobis dineba
mihyavs mkacrad SemosazRvrul kalapotSi, sadac yve-
laferi xdeba aRmsareblobis wesis mixedviT. agiogra-
fiul TxzulebaSi ar aris da arc SeiZleba iyos faq-
tebis koordinacia, movlenaTa sinTezi, igi, rogorc
istoriiT datvirTuli mexsiereba, qmnis axal, sicocx-
lisunarian mexsierebas, romelic sazogadoebrivi kon-
cefciis saxiT iarsebebs drosa sivrceSi. misi persona-
Ji aris subieqti, romelic Tavisi biografiiT sazoga-
doebisTvis mniSvnelovan realobas qmnis, Tumca es ar
aris sazogadoebis istoria, Tundac imitom, rom saer-
Tod istoria ar aris pirovnebaTa biografiebis jami
da, sxvaTa Soris, arc pirovnebis biografiaa sazoga-
doebis istoriis dayofa-danawevrebis Sedegi. agiogra-
fiis metafizikuri yofierebis warmosaCenad naklebad
gamoiyeneba istoriuli masala, yovel SemTxvevaSi, mas
meoradi funqcia akisria da Tanac saxecvlili, gam-
Wvirvale da efemerulia.
sxva aris istoriis faqti, sxva _ agiografiis faqti.
Sesabamisad, istorikosis mzera sistemuria, igi mTli-
anobaSi, movlenaTa urTierTkavSirSi aRiqvams faqtebs,
agiografosi mTlianobidan iRebs calkeuls da aqedan
qmnis Tavis narativs, Tavis Txrobas. magaliTad, iakob
xucesi mxolod gakvriT, yovelgvari konteqstis gare-
Se axsenebs SuSanikis mamas – vardan mamikonians, anti-
iranuli moZraobis gmirs, xolo istorikosi, arSuSa
pitiaxSis karze aRzrdili lazar farpeci, romelic
piradad icnobda iakobis Txzulebis yvela personaJs,
saerTod ar axsenebs SuSanikis wamebis faqts, maSin,
roca dawvrilebiT ganixilavs mamikonianTa sanaTesaos
istorias. farpeci ver xedavs SuSanikis wamebis mniS-
vnelobas (janaSia 1980: 70), misTvis es ar aris istori-
ul movlenaTa Tanmimdevruli ganviTarebis nawili. er-
Ti mxriv, farpecis dumili da meore mxriv, iakobis me-
tyveleba amtkicebs im WeSmaritebas, rom faqti, ro-
gorc aseTi, istoriulis garda SeiZleba sxva Sinaar-
118
ssac atarebdes da am Sinaarsis aRmoCena da ganzoga-
deba aris movaleoba mwerlisa da ara istorikosisa.
arsebobs Sebrunebuli variantic, roca agiografia
ar iTvaliswinebs istoriul realiebs. nikoloz jana-
Sia yuradRebas miaqcevda imas, rom `SuSanikis wamebis~
avtori gansakuTrebul sifrTxiles iCens politikuri
Temebis mimarT, iakobi arafers wers qarTlSi arsebul
viTarebaze, sityvas ar Zravs varsqenisa da vaxtang
gorgaslis mwvave dapirispirebaze. marTebulia mkvle-
varis daskvna, rom iakobis siCume ar aris ucodinaro-
bis siCume. es aris siCume aRwerili ambis uSualo mo-
nawilisa, romelsac aqvs dumilis mizezi da uflebac.
iakobs ar surs iyos politikur movlenaTa mematiane,
ar surs iyos istorikosi, miTumetes, amas arc nawarmo-
ebis Janruli specifika moiTxovs misgan.
amgvarad, agiografiuli teqstis avtoris fsiqolo-
giuri ganwyoba gansxvavdeba mematianis ganwyobisagan,
mkacrad rom vTqvaT, rac erTisTvis misaRebia, meoris-
Tvis miuRebelia. is, rac agiografosisTvis faqts war-
moadgens, SeiZleba istorikosisTvis ar iyos faqti.
magaliTad, `grigol xanZTelis cxovrebaSi~ meWurWle
qalis sityvebi _ `gardareuli siyuaruli aqus Cemda
momarT kurapalatsa~ _ avtorisTvis warmoadgens fsi-
qologiur detals, garkveuli epizodis konceptualur
nawils, iseT erTeuls, romelic istorikoss naklebad
daainteresebda, vinaidan es ar aris qronikis, sazoga-
doebrivi cxovrebis matianis monacemi. agiografiuli
nawarmoebis avtoris azrovnebaSi istoriul cnobiere-
bas Zireul movlenad ver miviCnevT, is ufro meoreuli
nakadia, romelic TariRiani faqtebis SekrebiTa da maT
Soris mizezobrivi kavSirebis ZiebiT ar aris dakavebuli.
meistorie TviTon Sedis movlenebSi, damoukideblad
akvirdeba da swavlobs faqtebs, agiografosi ki Tavisi
gmiris meSveobiT ecnoba faqtebs, movlenaTa siRrmeeb-
Si gmirs mihyveba, rogorc dante vergiliuss.
misaRebia pol venis martivi da zusti formulireba:
ìstoria mogviTxrobs imas, rac moxda, ubralod, mog-
viTxrobs imitom, rom moxda... istoria ar aris agiog-
rafiuli, damoZRvriTi~ (veni 2003: 67).
119
istoria agiografiis antiTezaa Tundac im ubralo
mizezis gamo, rom istoriis funqcia aris aRnusxva,
agiografiisa ki – panegiriki, xotba; agiografiis miza-
ni ar aris istoriuli movlenis interpretacia. marTa-
lia, aq garkveul epizodebSi SeiZleba movlena axden-
des TviTinterpretacias, magram es ar cvlis sagnis
arss, mkiTxvelSi ar icvleba aRqmis tipi, anu, vilhelm
dilTeis terminiT rom vTqvaT, `fsiqikuri moqmedebis
forma~.
agiografiuli Txzulebis avtori diaxac xedavs
movlenas rogorc istoriuli procesis nawils, magram
sakiTxavia, ra aris misTvis istoriuli procesi? _ sa-
zogadoeba, politika, kultura Tu ideologia? rogor
gardaisaxeba movlena mwerlis warmosaxvaSi, udris Tu
ara movlena Tavis Tavs iq, sadac warmosaxva iwyebs
moqmedebas?
agiografiuli movlena ar ibadeba im dros, im momen-
tSi, roca iwereba, roca teqstad gardaiqmneba, roca
Sedis siuJetur moqmedebaSi. mas warmoSobis xangrZli-
vi gza aqvs da warmoSobamdec arsebobs, rogorc ide-
ologiuri yofiereba, misTvis dro da sivrce winaswar-
vea gamzadebuli Janris kanonebSi. yoveli kerZo mov-
lena kanonis pirvelsawyisSi erTiandeba.
pirvelsawyisi, anu arqetipi aris is `jiuti~ saZire,
romelzedac ra istoriuli faqtic unda daamyno, ma-
inc erTgvarovan nayofs miiReb. amis TvalsaCino maga-
liTia XVIII saukunis moRvawis, daviT garejis kultu-
ruli keris cnobili warmomadgenlis besarion bara-
TaSvil-orbeliSvilis àrCil mefis martviloba~, ro-
melic leonti mrovelisa da juanSeris TxzulebaTa
kompilacias warmoadgens. besarion baraTaSvil-orbe-
liSvili yvelanairad cdilobs, istoriuli masala
agiografiuli literaturis kuTvnilebad aqcios. igi
metafrastikis xerxebiT avrcobs winamorbed teqstebs,
emociurad muxtavs sityvas da frazas, erTi sityviT,
agiografiuli faqturiT aformebs Txrobas. mas ar
surs iyos novatori, misi mizania SeuerTdes istori-
ul-kulturul tradicias, romelic, rogorc procesi,
oTxasi wliT adre _ XIII saukuneSi SeCerda.
120
baraTaSvil-orbeliSvili ki ar awesrigebs agiogra-
fiul kanons, aramed agiografiuli kanoni iwesrigebs
Tavs baraTaSvil-orbeliSvilis xeliT. davarqvaT ba-
raTaSvil-orbeliSvilis mcdelobas literaturuli
nostalgia, sulerTia, masSi mainc saukeTesod aris
gamoxatuli arqetipis Zala. aq xdeba ara ganaxleba,
ara rekonstruireba, aramed ZvelTan dabruneba, stere-
otipis aRdgena. rac ufro dinamikuria Zveli, miT uf-
ro statikuria axali. miuxedavad amisa, maT aqvT saer-
To mizezobrivi kavSiri. rogorc erT, ise meore Sem-
TxvevaSi mTavar rols asrulebs socialuri dakveTa.
qristianuli sazogadoeba baraTaSvil-orbeliSvilis
drosac im problemis winaSe dgas, ra problemis wina-
Sec idga, vTqvaT, iakob xucesis an iovane sabanisZis
dros. orive SemTxvevaSi sazogadoebrivi ideali, sazo-
gadoebrivi moTxovnileba dialeqtikur kavSirSia Jan-
ris arsebobasTan.
gviani feodaluri xanis agiografiam marto ritori-
kuli xerxebis arsenali ki ar gadaiRo, aramed gada-
iRo ideac – zustad gaazrebuli erovnuli idea. ai, ra
aris mTavari. agiografiaSi obieqtur istoriaze metad
ideis istoriaa saZiebeli, vinaidan aq faqti sulieri
dokumentaciis statuss atarebs.
idea, rogorc istoriuli kliSe!
es aris literaturuli msoflmxedvelobis sakmaod
myari Teoria. rac Seexeba praqtikas, angariSgasawevia
is, rom konkretuli adamianebi avaleben konkretul
adamians, daweros konkretul adamianze, romelic kon-
kretuli ZafebiT aris dakavSirebuli sinamdvilesTan,
sazogadoebasTan, istoriasTan.
rogorc zemoT iTqva, adamiani istoriuli arsebaa,
igi imyofeba istoriaSi da istoria imyofeba adamianSi.
adamians ver gamoacalkeveb istoriidan da verc isto-
rias gamoacalkeveb adamianisgan (berdiaevi 2001: 21).
pirovnul-konkretulisa da zogad-istoriulis Seer-
Tebam Seqmna aTonis literaturuli skola, qarTuli
kulturis udidesi qronotoposi, sadac yvelaze Tval-
saCinod aris gamovlenili qarTuli istoriuli ideis
Sinaarsi.
121
aTonelebi Taviseburad xedaven istorias, Tavisebu-
rad gaiazreben istoriul movlenebsa da im garemos,
sadac uwevT cxovreba da moRvaweoba. maT aqvT konkre-
tuli mizani – aTonis sulier-kulturuli tradiciis
dacva-SenarCuneba – da yovelgvar movlenas am Tval-
TaxedviT uyureben. amitom maT SemoqmedebaSi bizanti-
uri realiebi warmogvidgeba garkveuli lokalis sa-
xiT, romlis areSi ar xvdeba bevri iseTi movlena, rac
imperiis istoriis qrestomaTiul nawils warmoadgens,
isini Tavs uflebas aZleven gamotovon iseTi faqtebi,
rogor faqtebsac istorikosi ar gamotovebda.
rogorc cnobilia, 330 wels romis imperatorma kon-
stantinem imperiis dedaqalaqad gamoacxada bosforis
napirebze mdebare megaris kolonia _ bizantioni da
mas konstantinepoli uwoda. amiT safuZveli daedo aR-
mosavleT romis imperiis Seqmnas, rac oficialurad
476 wels gaformda.
konstantinepoleli imperatorebi TavianT samflobe-
los yovelTvis romis imperias uwodebdnen, TavianT
Tavs ki romaelebs. `bizantiis imperiis~ cneba gvian,
renesansis periodSi gaCnda.
imperiis yvela moqalaqe, Tundac berZeni yofiliyo,
romaelad iwodeboda. es tradicia Cvens dromde Semo-
rCenila. yovel SemTxvevaSi, XX saukunis 40-ian wlebSi
arnold toinbi werda, dResac, berZen glexs rom hki-
Txo, vin xaro, cota xniT dafiqrdeba da getyvis, `ro-
meios~, ese igi, maradiuli romis imperiis marTlmadi-
debeli qveSevrdomio (toinbi 2003: 375).
bizantiis imperia zeerovnuli movlena iyo, amito-
mac saxelwodebad airCia ara `hellas~ _ saberZneTi,
aramed `romi~. zurab kiknaZis azriT, `romi~ anu `hro-
mi~ iyo TiTqmis simboluri saxeli, romelic `Zalis~
asociacias iwvevda. `hrome~ gamoxatavda universalurs,
rasac ver itvirTavda `hellen~, radgan igi `warmar-
Tis~ mniSvnelobiT iyo damkvidrebuli àxali aRTqmis~
wignTa wyalobiT~ (kiknaZe 2002: 133).
magram aq iyo daSvebuli didi Secdoma, ramac sabe-
diswerod iCina Tavi gvian Sua saukuneebSi. imave toin-
bis mosazrebiT, swored romis imperiis aCrdiliT ga-
122
taceba, dromoWmuli institutis aRdgenisa da gaide-
alebis amao cda iyo bizantiis daRupvis mizezi
(toinbi 2003 II: 327).
aTonelebis TxzulebebSi bizantias zogjer ki ewo-
deba `hromi~, `queyanai hromisai~, magram, rogorc Cans,
es gamonaklisis saxiT, oficialuri etiketis dacvis
mizniT keTdeba, sinamdvileSi principulad aris gamij-
nuli Zveli da axali romis cnebebi. ufro xSirad
mTawmidelebi aRmosavleTs anu bizantias uwodeben sa-
berZneTs, dasavleTs ki _ `hroms~. es aris nawili kon-
cefciisa, romelsac qarTveli moRvaweebi iyeneben ber-
Zen berebTan gamudmebuli dapirispirebis dros. isini
aSkarad, daufaravad amJRavneben simpaTiebs dasavleT
romis mimarT. konstantinepolis samefo karze gamar-
Tul diskusiaSi giorgi aToneli pirdapir ganucxa-
debs imperatorsa da iq Sekrebil berZnebs: qristiano-
bis aRiarebis Semdeg TqvenSi mravalgzis Semosula
eresi da cTomileba, xolo romaelebi (`hromni~) ara-
sodes Semcdaran da maTSi aranair eress ar SeuRwe-
viao (Zeglebi 1963: 250).
berZen berebTan dapirispirebis fonze qarTvelebi
gansakuTrebul pativs miagebdnen saimperatoro xeli-
suflebis doqtrinas, romlis mixedviT, bizantiis impe-
ratori gamocxadebuli iyo mTeli qristianuli samya-
ros meTaurad.
bizantiis eklesias hqonda garkveuli Tavisufleba,
magram politikurad da ekonomikurad yovelTvis cen-
tralizebul saxelmwifo sistemaze iyo damokidebuli
(udalcova 1984: 33). ra Tqma unda, saxelmwifoze iyo
damokidebuli aTonis mTis nebismieri monastris bedic.
aTonelTa TxzulebebSi ar Cans konstantinepolis
samefo karis ceremoniul-paraduli esTetika, samagier-
od, Cans urTierTobebi, romelsac warmatebiT iyeneb-
dnen ioane, efTvime da giorgi mTawmidelebi. ioanem pi-
radad basili bulgarTmmusvrelisgan (976-1025) miiRo
savanis daarsebis nebarTva da Semweoba. es, ra Tqma un-
da, Tornikesi da daviT kurapalatis damsaxureba iyo,
magram SemdgomSic, roca berZenma berebma kidev ufro
gaamwvaves antiqarTuli kampania, imperatorebi aSkara
123
keTilganwyobas iCenen ivironis saZmos mimarT. magali-
Tad, 988 wels basili bulgarTmmusvrelma gaauqma
nikifore fokas mier miRebuli kanoni, romelic krZa-
lavda aTonze axali monastrebis mSeneblobas da arse-
buli monastrebis mier axali mamulebis SeZenas, ri-
Tac qarTvelebs saSualeba miecaT gaefarTovebinaT sa-
monastro mSenebloba; 1041 wels miqael paflaRonelma
ivironi qarTvelTa sakuTrebad gamoacxada; nikifore
III botaniatma (1078-1081) ivirons yvela mamuli dauka-
nona, TviTmmarTveloba mianiWa da gadasaxadebisgan ga-
aTavisufla (sokolovi 2003: 212). tradicia meTormete
saukuneSic gagrZelda, Tumca paralelurad mimdinare-
obda berZen berTa Semotevebic, romelsac Tavisi isto-
ria hqonda. aTonur agiografiaSi araferia naTqvami
imaze, Tu ra movlenebi uZRoda win iverTa monastris
aSenebas. saqme is aris, rom 970 wels aTonis berebma
ajanyeba moawyves wmida aTanases winaaRmdeg (sokolovi
2003: 200), romelic qarTvelTa moamaged iyo cnobili.
marTalia, ajanyebis mizezi aTanases mier SemoRebuli
samonastro wesebi iyo, magram, rogorc Cans, berZnebma
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba mianiWes im faqts, rom
qarTvelebma aTanases mxare daiWires da Semdgom, roca
imperator ioane cimisxiosis mecadineobiT konfliqti
mogvarda, maT TavianTi reaqcia ivironis winaaRmdeg mi-
marTes da daiwyes brZola aTonidan qarTvelTa aRmo-
safxvrelad.
berZen-qarTvelTa dapirispireba gansakuTrebiT gam-
wvavda XI saukuneSi, kerZod, 1029-34 wlebSi. konfliqti
damTavrda imperator mixail paflaRonelis (1034-1041)
saqmeSi CareviT, `qarTvelebis sruli gamarjvebiT da
berZnebis gawbilebiT~ (kekeliZe 1955: 65).
am konfliqtis kvalzea dawerili cnobili `mosaxse-
nebeli~, romelic giorgi mTawmidels daurTavs ìoanes
da efTvimes cxovrebisTvis~.
sityva `mosaxsenebeli~ TavisTavad miuTiTebs, rom
es aris deklaracia, romlis mizania Sekras `droTa
kavSiri~, Seqmnas TaobaTa TanamoRvaweobis tradicia,
Camoayalibos erovnuli RirsebisaTvis brZolis zne-
wesi istoriuli valdebulebis statusiT.
124
istorizmi, rogorc movlenaTa dialeqtikuri Tana-
mimdevrobis gaazreba, aTonelebTan ideis saxiT aris
mocemuli. faqtebs ar aZleven did mniSvnelobas, mTava-
ri aqcenti ideaze gadaaqvT. eqspresiul-emociuri ten-
denciebis nakadSi Tavs iCens zneobrivi, erovnuli da
fsiqologiuri kategoriebi – erTgvari wyalgamyofi
realobasa da ideas Soris. istoriuli sinamdvile
gadmocemis obieqti ki ar aris, aramed foni ideis
ganviTarebisTvis.
rogorc ki daismis SekiTxva, aris Tu ara agiogra-
fia saistorio Janri, maSinve pasuxis moZebnis `reJim-
ze~ gadaverTvebiT xolme. magram xom ar jobia, sanam
pasuxs movZebnideT, manam davfiqrebuliyaviT imaze, Tu
ra badebs am SekiTxvas. iqneb daeWveba! amitom logiku-
ri xom ar iqneboda, TviT SekiTxvaSi mogveCxrika pasu-
xi, ufro sworad, SekiTxva migveCnia pasuxad?
àris Tu ara agiografia saistorio Janri?~ _ Se-
kiTxvis qvecnobieri impulsi aris imis daSveba, rom
SeiZleba agiografia ar iyos saistorio Janri. qvecno-
bieri aRiarebs, rom msgavsebis miuxedavad, gansxvaveba
arsebiTia: agiografiuli da saistorio Janrebi Tavian-
Ti kanonebiT cxovroben, TavianTi haeriT sunTqaven.
ratom aris, rom agiografiaSi yvelaze ufro aqti-
uri roli enas eniWeba? ratom aris swrafva enobrivi
mravalxmianobisken, stiluri avtonomiurobisken? ra
aris teqstis mizani da `ganzraxva~? samive SekiTxvas
erTi pasuxi aqvs – enis sakiTxi aris mTavari, yvelafe-
ri aqedan gamomdinareobs da yvelaferi aqeT miedineba.
enis mxatvruloba agiografiis beletristuli kanonia.
mxatvrul komponentebs sxva xasiaTi aqvs agiografi-
aSi da sxva – istoriaSi. pirvel SemTxvevaSi is saer-
To-sistemuri movlenaa, meoreSi ki – individualur-
formaluri. sxvadasxva cnebebia mxatvrulobis isto-
rizmi da istorizmis mxatvruloba. mxatvrul warmo-
saxvaSi xdeba istoriis, enis, tradiciis, ideologiis,
konkretuli Temisa da TviT avtoris konstruireba
(eko 2004: 19), istoria ki yvela am cnebis epistemolo-
giuri jamia. swored epistemologiuri anu SemecnebiTi
125
TvalsazrisiT, mxatvruli nawarmoebi aris metafora
(eko 2004: 177), istoria ki – dokumenti.
istoriis Txroba qronologiur Zafs mihyveba, agiog-
rafiisa – siuJets. Txrobis konstruqcias Tu pirobi-
Tad ase davyofT: movlena – idea, istoriisTvis mTava-
ri iqneba movlena, agiografiisTvis – idea.
agiografiaSi garegnulad marTlac SeiniSneba ìs-
torizmis~ diqtatura~, magram es ver zRudavs nawar-
moebis Sinagan Tavisuflebas, ideuri xazi ucvlelia.
ratom? SekiTxvis dasma sruliad zedmetia, vinaidan
yvelaferi isedac cxadia. bolosdabolos, agiografia
aris wmindanTa cxovrebis aRwera, Txroba religiuri
ideis Sesaxeb, istoriografia ki – istoriis aRwera,
Txroba movlenaTa Sesaxeb.
damowmebani:
aristotele 1944: aristotele. poetika. winasityvaoba. Targmani

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kekeliZe 1955: kekeliZe k. etiudebi Zvel qarTuli literaturis
istoriidan. III, Tb.: Tsu gamomcemloba, 1955.
kiknaZe 2002: kiknaZe z. eklesia guSin, eklesia xval. Tb.:
`lomisi~, 2002.
lotmani 2000: Лотман Ю. Семиосфера. Санкт-Петербург: «Искусство _
СПБ», 2000.
rikiori 2004: Рикёр П. Память, История, Забвение. М.: изд. гуманитарной
литературы, 2004.
sokolovi 2003: Соколов И.И. Состояние монашества в Византийской
Церквы. Сан кт-Петербург, «Изд. Олега Абышко», 2003.
toinbi 2003: Тойнби А. Дж., Цивилизация перед судом истории. сборник.
М.: «Аирис-Пресс», 2003.
toinbi 2003 II: Тойнби А. Дж. Постижение истории. «Аирис-Пресс», 2003.
126
udalcova 1984: Удальцова З.В. Особенности экономического, социаль-
ного и политического развития Византии, Культура Византии. М.: «Наука»,
1984.
lebi. ilia abulaZis redaqciiT. t. I, Tb.: 1963.
mwerloba. Tb.: 1945.
janaSia 1980: janaSia n. `SuSanikis wameba~. istoriul-wyaroT-
mcodneobiTi gamokvleva. Tb.: `sabW. saqarTvelo~, 1980.
Ivane Amirkhanashvili
History and Hagiographic Writing
Summary
Hagiography describes historic events, but it isn't historiography.

History has a passive factology part in the hagiographic text the main
and active function is possessed to the language and stylistical auto-
nomousness. Hagiography is a literary law.
There is a difference between the historical fact and the hagiogra-
phical fact. The vision of historian is systematic; it perceives the fact as
a whole, in correlation with events; the author of hagiographical work
takes part from the whole and creates his narration. Historian enters into
phenomena himself, observes facts and learns them; the author of
hagiographical work is acquainting with facts by the hero; the hero is
leading him into the events.
127
eka CikvaiZe
saRvTismsaxuro tradiciebi da terminologia

`wminda SuSanikis wamebaSi~
`SuSanikis wameba~ mravalmxriv aris sayuradRebo.

miuxedavad imisa, rom Txzulebam X saukunis xelna-
weriT moaRwia Cvenamde, igi asaxavs qarTuli eklesiis
istoriis mniSvnelovan furcels da warmoaCens dogma-
tur-saRvTismetyvelo sakiTxebisa da Sesabamisi termi-
nologiis ganviTarebis aspeqtebs. iakob xucesis Txzu-
lebaSi areklilia qalkedonitobis kvali qarTul-som-
xur urTierTobaSi, eklesiis struqtura da msaxurebis
tipi V saukunis saqarTveloSi. ikveTeba martvili de-
doflis Rvawli zogadad da Rvawlis konkretuli sa-
xe, wmindanis `srba~ didmarxvis Jams, msgavseba monaz-
vnobasTan, wmindanis gapatiosneba, kanonizirebis safuZ-
veli wmindanis sicocxleSive, terminologiuri sistema
da leqsemebis: goneba, gulisxmisyofa, vani, wminda ka-
ci, saxe, xati... mniSvneloba, wminda wignebis citireba
da a.S. Sesabamisad, Zeglis am aspeqtiT Seswavla, ro-
gorc eklesiis istoriis, ise enis terminologiuri
ganviTarebis aRqma-gaazrebis mxriv, Zalze sayuradRe-
boa. saerTod, agiografiuli Zeglebis wyaroTmcodne-
obiTi aspeqtiT aRqma-gaazreba siaxle ar aris. gamonak-
lisi, cxadia, arc iakob xucesis Txzulebaa. Zeglze
CvenTvis saintereso kuTxiT dakvirvebam sami aspeqti
gamokveTa: I. msaxureba da saeklesio tradiciebi; II. dog-
matur-saRvTismetyvelo terminologia da III. wminda
werilis citireba.
I. msaxureba da saeklesio tradiciebi
nebismieri sarwmunoeba gulisxmobs universaluri

tradiciebisa da kanonebis damkvidrebas im arealSi,
romelSic is aRiarebuli da gavrcelebulia. TumcaRa,
qristianobis wiaRSi calkea adgilobrivi tradiciebi
da calke _ sayovelTaod aRiarebuli dogmebi Tu wes-
128
kanonebi (an saidumloebani; amgvari ki sul Svidia).
`SuSanikis wamebaSi~ ramdenime saidumlo, wesi Tu tra-
diciaa fiqsirebuli, romlebic saerToa orTodoqsuli
qristianuli samyarosTvis: naTloba, ziareba, dakrZal-
va, wmindanTa Tayvaniscema da xsenebis dRis daweseba.
1. naTlisReba
pirveli epizodi, romelic CvenTvis sayuradRebo

cnobas Seicavs, aris is, rodesac wmindani meuRlis
rjulgadasvlis ambavs Seityobs da gamazdeanebuli
varsqenis moqmedebas moqmedebiTve upasuxebs (WeliZe
2005: 7: àRdga da dauteva taZari TÂsi da RmrTismoSi-
SebiT eklesiad Sevida~),∗ `winaSe sakurTxevelsa~ war-
mdgar Svilebs ufals avedrebs: `RmerTo, Senni moce-
mulni arian da Sen daicven eseni, ganaTlebulni wmi-
disagan embazisa madliTa sulisa wmidisaÁTa, yofad
erT samwyso erTisa mwyemsisa uflisa Cuenisa iesu
qristÀsa~. mocemul pasaJSi ramdenime yuradsaRebi de-
talia: erTi mxriv, aq gvaqvs cnoba naTlisRebaze Tavi-
si qristologiuri datvirTviT da adekvaturi, mowes-
rigebuli cnebiTi Rirebulebis terminologiiT (sa-
kurTxeveli, embazi, ganaTlebuli, madliTa sulisa
wmidisaÁTa) (naTelia, rom qristianul samyaroSi cno-
bili naTlobis xuTi SesaZlo formidan `SuSanikis
wamebaSi~ mxolod embazSi aRsrulebuli saidumlo igu-
lisxmeba. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs ioane mosxosis limo-
narSi damowmebuli naTlobis saxeebi); meore mxriv, va-
wydebiT im problemas, romelic araTu qristianobis
gavrcelebis pirvel etapze, aramed aTonisa da gela-
Tis saliteraturo skolebisTvisac problemuri da aq-
tualuri iyo: terminTa gamijvna da polisemia. `taZari
TÂsi~ gulisxmobs ara eklesias, ra datvirTvac gvian
SeiZina am leqsemam, aramed sasaxles.
∗
aq da Semdeg teqsts vimowmebT ed. WeliZis gamocemis mixedviT
(WeliZe 2005).
129
2. mwuxris Jami
saeklesio msaxurebis, kerZod, RvTismsaxurebis is

wesi, romelic V saukunis qarTuli eklesiisTvis iyo
damaxasiaTebeli, Cans wminda SuSanikis mier eklesiaSi
gadasvlisa da sakuTari Tavis pirispir darCenis Sem-
dgom locvis monakveTSic. iakob xucesi gviambobs: `da
viTarca mwuxrisa Jami aRasrules, saxlaki erTi mcirÀ
pova maxlobelad eklesiasa da mun Sevida Sina sim-
wariTa savsÀ da mieyrdna yuresa erTsa da mwariTa
cremliTa tiroda~. CvenTvis sayuradRebo pirvelive
frazaa: `da viTarca mwuxrisa Jami aRasrules...~ mwux-
ris Jams mkvlevari ed. WeliZe sruliad samarTlianad
ganmartavs, rogorc `mwuxris msaxurebas~: `mwuxri, ro-
gorc cnobilia, niSnavs saRamos, xolo `Jami~ _ Sesa-
bamis msaxurebas, arsebiTad, locvas da fsalmuneba-
galobas, anu Jamobas~. saRmrTo liturgia sam ZiriTad
nawilad iyofa: mwuxri, ciskari da sakuTriv litur-
gia, anu wirva (roca aResruleba usisxlo msxverplSe-
wirva, saidanac warmodgeba kidec es termini). mwuxrsa
da ciskars Soris ikiTxeba eqvsfsalmuneba (daviTnidan
gamorCeuli eqvsi fsalmuni). mwuxrs saxeli msaxurebis
Sesrulebis drois gamo ewoda (berZnulad mas Ὁ Ἑσπε‐
ρινός hqvia). mas aRasrulebs yvela is eklesia, rome-
lic Tavs mociqulTa memkvidred miiCnevs, radgan swo-
red mociqulTa msaxurebiT Caeyara mas safuZveli.
msaxurebis es epizodi igulisxmeba `SuSanikis wamebis~
aRniSnul frazaSi da asaxavs eklesiis im bolomde Se-
morCenil tradicias, romlis mixedviTac mwuxri saRa-
mos aResruleboda ciskris gareSe, xolo ciskari da
wirva _ diliT.
3. marxva. didmarxva
marxva qristianTa cxovrebis ganuyofeli nawilia.
dRes cnobili oTxi marxvidan, romlebic saeklesio
wliur ciklSi ganmeorebadia da yovelTvis erTsa da
imave saeklesio dros (saeklesios, radgan dResaswa-
130
ulTa erTi nawili samoqalaqo kalendris mdgrad dRe-
ebs ar emTxveva, am TvalsazrisiT, gardamavalia, Tum-
caRa, konkretuli aTvlis sistema aqvT) aRiniSneba.
magram marxvis es kanoni TandaTan Camoyalibda.
sazogadod marxvas jer kidev Zveli aRTqmis ekle-
sia icnobs. bibliaSi araerTgan ixseneben marxvas kon-
kretuli funqciiT: `marxva xorcisa sazrdoa sulisa~
(wminda ioane oqropiri). gavixsenoT ramdenime epizodi:
marxvis gatexviT, anu akrZaluli xilis WamiT, adamma
da evam dakarges samoTxe (rogorc cnobilia, TavisTa-
vad, sityva marxvac niSnavs raimes Senaxvas, damarxvas.
am SemTxvevaSi RvTis mier micemuli kanonis dacvas,
Senaxvas) (dab. 3.17.23). mose winaswarmetyvelma sinas
mTaze 40 dRis marxvis Semdeg miiRo RvTisagan aRTqmis
fiqalebi (rjl. 9. 9-11). daniel winaswarmetyvelma swo-
red marxvis Semdeg miiRo winaswarmetyvelebis niWi
(dan. 1. 8,16-17). ,,xolo raJams igini maWirvebdian me, Se-
vimose ZaZaÁ da davimdable marxviTa suli Cemi da loc-
vaÁ Cemi wiaRadve Cemda moiqces~ (fsalm. 34.13).Aaxal aR-
TqmaSi aRwerilia, rom marxulobda ioane winaswarme-
tyveli da naTlismcemeli, xolo Tavad iesom ormoci
dRe da ormoci Rame imarxula (maTe 4.2). sxvadasxva
epizodSi maxareblebi da mociqulebi gadmogvcemen xan
macxovris uSualo swavlebas, xan ki uflis swavleba-
ze dafuZnebul TavianT Segonebas: ,,mova dro, roca si-
Ze aRar eyolebaT da maSin imarxuleben~ (maTe 9.15). ,,da
rodesac marxulob, nu iqnebiT mwuxareni, viTarca war-
marTni... xolo Sen rodesac marxulob, Tavs icxe da
daibane piri Seni, raTa xalxs ki ar eCveno mmarxve-
lad, aramed dafarulSi myof mamas Sensas” (maTe 6.16-
18). bibliis am muxlebidan Cans, rom marxva jer kidev
Zveli aRTqmidan iRebs saTaves, es wesi axal aRTqma-
Sic amave datvirTviT gadmovida (miuxedavad imisa, rom
Zveli aRTqmis araerTma tradiciam axal aRTqmaSi gan-
sxvavebuli simboluri datvirTva miiRo) da eklesia
dResac ucvlelad aRasrulebs mas. marxva, rogorc
Zveli, ise axali aRTqmis mixedviT codvaTa monaniebis,
Tavmdablobis, gansacdelis Jams sulieri gaZlierebis
TvalsazrisiT, umniSvnelovanesia adamianTa cxovreba-
131
Si. TavisTavad didi marxva uSualod mociqulTa dro-
idan dawesda (amas saxarebisa da saqme mociqulTas
garda tertuliane _ statia `marxvis Sesaxeb~ da sxva
wyaroebic _ mowmoben) adgilobrivi eklesiebis tradi-
ciuli yofis organul nawilad iqca, gansxvavebiT mar-
xvis dRevandeli oTxetapiani wliuri ciklisgan, ro-
melic TandaTanobiT Camoyalibda.
`SuSanikis wamebaSi~ didmarxva sayovelTao wesia.
SuSanikic marxulobs, e.i. SeiZleba iTqvas, ìcavs Tavs
marxviT~ da iglovs sakuTar codvebs. didmarxva iakob
xucesis TxzulebaSi orgzis aris naxsenebi. pirvelad
agiografi aRwers: `da viTarca moiwines didni igi mar-
xvani, mivida netari igi SuSanik maxlobelad wmidasa
eklesiasa da iZia mcirÀ sarkumeli da dayo igica. da
iyo igi bnelsa mas Sina marxviTa da locviTa da tiri-
liTa~; dedoflis eqvsi wlis Rvawls ki amgvarad war-
moaCens: `xolo didTa maT marxvaTa aRvsebisaTa, erga-
sisTa maT dReTa, equsTa welTa Sina arca dRisi, arca
RamÀ ara dajdis que, arca daiZinis, arca saWmeli ra-
Áme miiRis, garna dResa xolo kÂriakesa eziaris Ãor-
csa da sisxlsa qristÀs RmrTisa Cuenisasa; da mcired
oden wuenaki mxlisa Seqmnuli _ igica mcired _ mi-
iRis, xolo purisa gemoÁ ara ixilis vidre aRvsebad-
mde~ (WeliZe 2005: 30). am ori monakveTidan CvenTvis sa-
yuradReboa, erTi mxriv, didi marxvis aRniSvnis tradi-
cia (ris Sesaxebac ukve visaubreT), xolo, meore mxriv,
Rvawlis is saxe, romelsac wminda SuSaniki mimarTavda
didmarxvaSi (wmindanis qceva didi marxvis Jams). moce-
mul epizodebSi SuSanikis marxva ukavSirdeba rogorc
didmarxvis periods (aRvsebis, anu aRdgomisa), ise gan-
sacdelis Jams sulis gasaZliereblad dedoflis yo-
veldRiur Rvawls.
4. ziareba
ziareba Svidi saeklesio saidumlodan (naTlisReba,

mironcxeba, ziareba, sinanuli, mRvdloba, qorwineba,
zeTis kurTxeva) erT-erTia da mas, msgavsad naTlisRe-
bisa, safuZveli saxarebaSi aqvs. xucesi gviambobs: Su-
132
Saniki `dResa... kÂriakesa eziaris Ãorcsa da sisxlsa
qristÀs RmrTisa Cuenisasa~ (WeliZe 2005: 30). eqvswli-
ani Rvawlis Jams dedofali eziareba dilegSi. masTan
ziareba sakuTar moZRvars _ iakobs miaqvs. saerTod,
rogorc cnobilia, wesisamebr, ziarebis saidumlo aRes-
ruleba sagangebo RvTismsaxurebis — wirvis (saRvTo
liturgiis) dros da mas sulisa da xorcis kurnebis,
sulier-xorcieli Zalmosilebis SeZenis, codvebisagan
ganwmendis datvirTva aqvs. marTlmadidebluri eklesi-
is wesiT sisxliTa da xorciT ziareba yvela morwmu-
nes SeuZlia, kaTolikuriT — mxolod samRvdeloebas.
saeklesio moZRvrebiT ziarebis saidumlo daawesa ieso
qristem (misi vnebis win, saidumlo serobis dros). zi-
arebis saidumlo simbolurad gamoxatavs morwmuneTa
mier qristesadmi samadlobel (usisxlo) msxverpls
(aseT gagebas efuZneba ziarebis berZnuli saxelwodeba
evqaristia _ „madloba“). adreqristianul xanaSi ziare-
bas gansakuTrebuli krZalulebiT epyrobodnen. pirve-
li qristianebi yovel kviras eziarebodnen, radgan kvi-
ra aRdgomis ganaxlebaa. IV saukunis agiografiul Zeg-
lebSi (mag. mariam megviptelis, antoni didis cxovreba)
aRwerili tradiciiT qristianebi sagangebod eziare-
bodnen aRdgomas, weliwadSi erTxel. SuSaniki eziare-
ba ara mxolod aRdgomas da ara mxolod did marxva-
Si. ganmeorebadobas aRniSnavs zmnuri forma èziaris~,
e.i. eziareboda xolme. amave dros, SuSaniki eziareba
sisxliTa da xorciT, ise, rogorc daawesa macxovarma
(in. 6. 53-58).
5. saeklesio ierarqia
eklesiis istoria kargad icnobs im faqts, rom qar-

Tuli eklesia mociqulTa mieraa dafuZnebuli. swored
mociqulTa qadagebis gamo mas samociqulo ewoda da
aris avtokefaliuri. arc is aris siaxle, rom wminda
ninom meored iqadaga qristianoba saqarTveloSi, ris
Semdegac es sarwmunoeba saxelmwifo religiad gamo-
cxadda. rogorc pirvel, ise meore SemTxvevaSi saqar-
TveloSi dafuZnda eklesia: Tavdapirvelad saepiskopo-
133
so kaTedra, xolo Semdeg _ sakaTalikoso. eklesiis
dafuZnebas Tan axlavs sasuliero dasis struqturu-
lad Camoyalibeba, rac usaTuod dasruldeboda pir-
vel saukuneebSive. es procesi (sasuliero dasis
struqturulad Camoyalibeba) saxarebasa da mociqul-
Ta saqmeSic aris asaxuli da saTanado saeklesio wo-
debiT Tu misi Sesabamisi terminebiT Camoyalibebuli.
rac Seexeba saeklesio xarisxs (romelic TavisTavad
samia: diakoni, mRvdeli, episkoposi), `SuSanikis wameba-
Si~ samive safexuri moxseniebulia, rac TavisTavad me-
tyvelebs imaze, rom V saukuneSi struqturuli mowyo-
ba qarTul eklesiaSi dasrulebuli procesia: diakoni
(`moiwia diakoni SinaÁT~, `diakoni vinme erTi mis
eklesiisa...,~); mRvdeli/xucesi (àrca mRdelTagani vin
ipova mowyale...~ `meca, xucesi dedoflisa, mis Tanave
viyav...~ `xuces, da meca didsa Ruawlsa ganmzadebul
var~...); amave dros, unda iTqvas, rom miuxedavad saxa-
rebis TargmanSi upiratesad miCneuli mRvdel
terminisa, iakob curtavelisTvis dominanturi swored
xuces formaa. `SuSanikis wamebaSi~ araerTi episkopo-
sia moxseniebuli (afoci, ioane, samoeli). saeklesio
mowyoba gulisxmobs, rom eklesia eparqiebad aris da-
yofili, yvela eparqias Tavisi mmarTveli episkoposi
hyavs, xolo eklesiis mmarTvel pirs gansxvavebuli
terminiT moixsenieben imis mixedviT, ra statusic aqvs
konkretul eklesias mocemul epoqaSi (mxedvelobaSi
gvaqvs terminebi: kaTalikosi, patriarqi, kaTalikos-
patriarqi, mTavarepiskoposi. amis Sesabamisad gansxvave-
bulia definiciac, romliTac mimarTaven umaRles
ierarqs. Sesabamisad, konkretuli eklesiis mmarTvelis
saydris tituli sxvadasxvagvaria: uwmindesi, maRal-
yovladusamRvdeloesi, unetaresi...). `SuSanikis wameba-
Si~ samoeli mRvdelmTavaria, romelsac iakobi moixse-
niebs terminiT `Tavi episkoposTa~, xolo afoci da
ioane – episkoposebi; amaTgan afoci sasaxlis episko-
posia, xolo ioane, SesaZloa, hereTis episkoposi (Tum-
caRa, es ubralod varaudia, radgan TxzulebaSi ara-
feria amis Sesaxeb naTqvami. Cveni daskvna mxolod Su-
Sanikis RvawlSi ioane episkoposis aqtiur CarTvas
134
efuZneba): `xolo episkoposi igi saxlisa mis pitiaxSi-
saÁ, romelsa saxeli erqua afoc...~ `mcired vaiZule mi-
Rebad Wamadi, romeli moeZRuana samoels episkopossa
da iovanes~, `moiwia Tavi igi episkoposTaÁ samoel da
ioane episkoposi, misive moyuasi~...
6. monazvnoba. Rvawli
V saukune is xanaa, roca qristianobam ukve icis
monazvnuri Rvawli da monazvnuri kanonic Camoyalibe-
bulia. monazvnobas safuZvlad Zveli aRTqmis eseitTa
(savaraudod, ioane naTlismcemeli) da nazorevelTa
mimdinareobebi daedo safuZvlad. cnobilia monazvno-
bis (martod myofi, berZnuli sityvidan μόνος — marto-
myofi, μονάζειν –marto, ganmartoebiT cxovreba, μονα‐
χός, μοναστής – marto mcxovrebi, μοναστήριον – gan-
martoebuli samyofeli) ori saxe: anaqoretuli da ki-
nevialuri. anaqoretuli monazvnobis fuZemdeblad an-
toni didi da ilarioni iTvlebian, xolo saZmoSi
cxovrebisa _ paxomi didi. droTa ganmavlobaSi monaz-
vnuri kanoni Camoyalibda da daixvewa. monazvnobam
TandaTanobiT mTeli qristianuli samyaro moicva. VI
saukuneSi ki saqarTveloSic gavrcelda.
saerTod, nebismieri movlena enaSi leqsikuri qsovi-
liT aRibeWdeba, yoveli siaxle sityvaSi cxaddeba da
amJRavnebs Tavs. zemoxsenebuli magaliTi swored amis
dasturia, rasac ver vityviT bolo dros TavCenil mo-
sazrebaze vinme wminda kacis monazvnobasTan dakavSi-
rebiT. erT-erTi argumenti monazvnuri yofis dasadas-
tureblad aris leqsema vanis ganmarteba. roca wminda
SuSanikma sasaxle datova, iakob xucesi afoc episko-
posTan erTad `vanad kacisa visame wmidisa misrul iyo
kiTxvad~. rogorc ed. WeliZe miuTiTebs, vani aris po-
lisemantikuri leqsema, romelic saxlsac aRniSnavs da
monastersac. mocemul pasaJSi ki swored saxlis mniS-
vneloba unda hqondes (WeliZe 2005: 50-51, sarjvelaZe
2000: 80; abulaZe 1973: 153). sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, SeiZle-
ba Tu ara wminda nino an SuSaniki monazvnebad CavTva-
135
loT, imTaviTve usafuZvloa maTi wmindanobis rangis,
msaxurebis tipis da imis gamoc, rom asurel mamaTa Se-
mosvlamde saqarTveloSi monazvnoba, rogorc Rvawlis
saxe, ar arsebobda; magram ram ganapiroba am wmindanTa
cxovrebis gzis aseTi Sefaseba?
sanam am kiTxvas pasuxs gavcemdeT, unda SevexoT sa-
kiTxs, romelic dRes literaturis Teoriis aspeqtebs
ganekuTvneba, xolo V saukuneSi qristianTa cxovrebi-
sa da cxonebis is mZime mxare gaxldaT, romelic sike-
Tesa da borotebas Soris xiluli dapirispirebiT
gamoixateboda. cxonebis gzis am simZimem bunebrivad
warmoSva qristianuli literaturis ori qveJanri: `wa-
meba~ da `cxovreba~. orive qveJanrs safuZveli saxa-
rebaSi aqvs da emyareba sikeTis baZvas (Tezas _ `keTil
ars baZva sikeTisa saukunod~; faqtobrivad, agiografi
baZavs maxarebels, xolo wmindani _ macxovars). mar-
tvilobisa da cxovreba-moqalaqobis aRmweri Txzule-
bebi erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdeba ara mxolod imiT,
rom erTis gmiri ewama, meorem ki cxovreba Seswira
qristes, magram sakuTari aRsasruliT gardaicvala,
aramed struqturiTac. maTi cxovrebidan gamomdinare,
gansxvavebulia TxzulebaTa tipologiac, kompoziciac
da struqturac. mowame jvarcmul macxovars aRsasru-
liTac Seemsgavseba, xolo cxovreba-moqalaqobis gmiri
ar ewameba, TumcaRa Tavisi yoveldRiuri RvawliT ime-
orebs jvarcmas (giorgi merCule `grigol xancTelis
cxovrebaSi~ mowameTa da monazonTa Rvawlis Sedarebi-
sas, erTi mxriv, imowmebs fsalmuns da, meore mxriv,
pavles qadagebas: `SenTvis movswydebiT maradRe~ (fs.
43.23) da pavle ityvis: `me ra-dRe qristesTvis movkud-
ebi~ (I kor. 15.31). agiografi mowamis cxovrebis aRweras
iwyebs im epizodebis warmoCeniT, romlebic safexureb-
rivi zeaRsvlis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania. amave
dros, mowameTa Rvawlis aRmweri teqsti ufro dakum-
Sulia, radgan, rogorc wesi, èrTsa xolo Sina Jamsa~
grZeldeba (giorgi merCule). SuSaniki, rogorc teqsti-
danac viciT, eqvs wels ewameboda, xolo meSvide wels
aResrula (unda iTqvas, rom aq wameba mTel mis cxov-
rebas daerqmeva da ara èrTsa Jamsa~, aRsasrulisas).
136
amave dros, aResrula Tavisi sikvdiliT, miuxedavad
imisa, rom is mZime pirobebSi swored varsqenma Caayena
(varsqenis braleulobis gamosakveTad es pirobebi sa-
gangebod zedmiwevniT aRwera iakobma). TavisTavad, ukve
is, rom SuSanikis cxovreba-wameba droSia ganfenili,
TiTqos dinamikurobas arRvevs. TumcaRa, mxedvelobaSi
gvaqvs ara Txrobis dinamika, aramed movlenaTa ganvi-
Tarebisa, rac, Cveni azriT, martvili SuSanikis Rvawls
cxovreba-moqalaqobis gmirTa Rvawls uaxlovebs.
sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom isedac ZirZveli qar-
Tul-berZnuli urTierTobebi qristianobis gavrcele-
bam kidev ufro daaaxlova da politikuri da socio-
kulturuli konteqstidan religiur aspeqtSic gadaiy-
vana, ramac, Tavis mxriv, lingvisturi mimarTulebac
SeiZina. faqtobrivad, yoveli movlena, romelic bizan-
tiaSi, rogorc qristianuli kulturis centrSi, iCenda
Tavs, myisierad vrceldeboda mTel qristianul samya-
roSi da swored saqarTvelo iyo erT-erTi pirveli
orTodoqsul qristianobaSi, romelic sarkesaviT irek-
lavda mimdinare procesebs. TavisTavad, bermonazvno-
bis saTave Zveli aRTqmis eklesiaSia (zilotebi da
sxv.). ioane naTlismcemeli erT-erTi pirvelia, rome-
lic monazvnuri Rvawlis fuZemdeblad da magaliTad
iTvleba. mas, cxadia, erTvis TviT macxovris Rvawli,
romelic udabnoSi 40 dRiT gasvlaSi aisaxa da rac,
erTi mxriv, dasturia Zveli aRTqmiseuli tradiciebis
gagrZelebisa, xolo, meore mxriv, naTlismcemlis moR-
vaweobasTan erTad, magaliTia monazvnuri Rvawlis
qristian mtvirTvelTaTvis. magram, miuxedavad amisa,
bermonazvnobam Tavisi struqturuli saxe mxolod ad-
reul SuasaukuneebSi Camoiyaliba da mis fuZemdeblad,
rogorc aRvniSneT, iTvleba antoni didi (paxomi did-
Tan erTad). es gaxlavT meoTxe saukune. saqarTveloSi
bermonazvnuri Rvawlis fuZemdeblad asureli mamebi
arian miCneulni. winare periodSi monazvnobis raime
saxis damadasturebeli sabuTi, ubralod, ar gvaqvs.
Tuki am WrilSi ganvixilavT `wminda ninos cxovrebas~
an `SuSanikis wamebas~, vfiqrob, unda visaubroT ara
sakuTriv monazvnobaze, aramed im Rvawlis winasaxeze,
137
romelsac SemdgomSi Cveni eklesiis wiaRSic monazvno-
bis saxeliT vicnobT.
rogor aRasrulebs `srbas~ wminda SuSaniki da riT
emsgavseba igi monazvnebs? gavixsenoT giorgi merCulis
`grigol xancTelis cxovreba~: `SeeZinebodes ufalsa
muSakni meaTerTmetisa Jamisani moqmedad WeSmaritsa
mas venaxsa da Tanaziar-iqmnebodes pirvelTa maT mar-
TalTa da monawile wmidaTa mowameTa, mxndebodes ra
Ruawlsa mas monazonebisasa msgavsad wmidaTa mowameTa
da ufroÁs maTsa, rameTu martÂlni erTsa xolo Sina
Jamsa iwamnes, xolo eseni yovelsa Jamsa iwamebodes sa-
xelisaTvis qristesisa, viTarca daviT ityvis: `SenTvis
movswydebiT maradRe~ da pavle ityvis: `me raÁ-dRe
qristesTvis movkudebi~ (fs. 43,23; I kor. 15,31; WeliZe 2005).
roca SuSanikis Rvawlze vsaubrobT, mxedvelobaSi
ar gvaqvs arc dapirispireba, romelic varsqenis qmede-
bis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli gaazrebuli nabiji iyo, arc
uSualod gvema (purobis Tu TmiT mimoTrevis Jams),
aramed, upirvelesad, swored eqvswliani `Sroma~, rom-
lis aRwerac iakob xucesis Zeglis wamebaTa qveJanris
TxzulebaTagan struqturul gansxvavebas ganapirobebs.
am TvalsazrisiT, yuradReba unda mivaqcioT SuSanikis
cxovrebas `saxlakSi ... maxlobelad eklesiasa~, sasax-
leSi (`senaksa mciresa Sina~), didmarxvaSi (ìZia mcire
senaki~ eklesiis maxloblad) da cixeSi (`Sevides ci-
xed, poves saxlaki erTi CrdiloÁT kerZo~), sadac aRes-
rula kidec.
a. `saxlaki ... maxlobelad eklesiasa~: sasaxlis da-
tovebis Semdeg dedofali swored eklesiis maxlob-
lad mdebare senakSia davanebuli. am periodis moRva-
weobis Sesaxeb TxzulebaSi araferia naTqvami, Tumca,
Semdeg, roca afoc episkoposi da jojiki (meuRlesTan
erTad) mas sasaxleSi dabrunebaze daiTanxmeben, dedo-
fals Tan moaqvs èvangelÀ TÂsi... da wmidani igi wig-
nni mowameTani~, e.i. wminda mowame saxarebasa da wmin-
danTa Rvawlis amsaxveli wignebis kiTxviT Zlierdebo-
da sulierad.
138
b. sasaxleSi dabrunebuli dedoflis Sesaxeb iakobi
brZanebs: `yovelni igi dReni uzmasa gardaevlnes~. ama-
ve dros, SuSaniki ara mxolod marxulobs am ukidure-
si formiT, igi purobisas gvemis Semdeg samoel da
ioane episkoposTa mier gamogzavnil `Wamads~ miiRebs
iakobis ZalisxmeviT (`maSin moviRe mcired Rvino da
puri davalbe da mcired gemo ixila~). misTvis ùzmad~
yofna kidev erTi gamiznuli nabijia, romelic varsqe-
nis saqmeebisa da codvisagan gamijvnasac emsaxureba.
amave dros, dedofali suliT Zlierdeba saxarebisa da
wminda mowameTa saqmeebis kiTxviT (radgan, rogorc ze-
viT aRvniSneT, Tan hqonda wminda saxareba da mowameTa
saqmeebis aRmweri Txzulebebi).
g. gansxvavebulia dedoflis moRvaweoba didmarxva-
Si (ìZia mcirÀ senaki~ eklesiis maxloblad). man `da-
yo~ (dagmana) mcire sarkmeli `da iyo igi bnelsa mas
Sina marxviTa da locviTa da tiriliTa~. marxva aris
sagangebo periodi, roca qristianebi sulis ganwmendas
cdiloben gaZlierebuli locviTa da sinanuliT (ti-
riliT). sayuradReboa, rom dedofali senaks abnelebs,
riTac Rvawls kidev ufro amZimebs. radgan bnelSi
loculobs, unda vifiqroT, rom garkveuli locvani
man zepiradac icis. swored amgvari RvawliT Seemsgav-
seba SuSaniki monazonT. Tuki `grigol xancTelis
cxovrebas~ gavixsenebT, advilad davinaxavT msgavsebas
Rvawlis am mZime saxeebs Soris. grigoli Tavis mowa-
feebTan erTad mcire usarkmlo da usakvamuro senakSi
iyo davanebuli, sadac did sanTelsac ar anTebdnen.
Rvawlis amgvari mZime formis tvirTva mxolod suli-
erad Zalmosil adamianTa nebiTi xvedria.
d. gvemis Semdeg varsqenis ganaCeniT dedofali ci-
xed, bnel sapyrobileSi daamwyvdies: `poves saxlaki
erTi CrdiloÁT kerZo, mcire da bneli da mun Seayenes
wmidaÁ igi da jaWvi igi, romel edva qedsa missa zeda,
egreTve edva~. jojikis TxovniT dedofals jaWvi àR-
xades~ qedidan, xolo `borkilTa ara Tavs idva ... vid-
re aRsasruladmde miTurTiT~. eqvsi wlis ganmavlo-
baSi `saRmrToÁTa wesierebiTa yuaoda: marxviTa, mara-
139
dis mRviZarebiTa, locviTa da vedrebiTa, zedgomiTa,
TayuaniscemiTa da cremliTa uwyinod da kiTxviTa wig-
nTaÁTa mouwyinebelad. ganabrwyina da ganaSuena yove-
li igi cixe sulieriTa miT qnariTa... nacvlad WiWnaux-
tisa saqmisa, didiTa gulsmodginebiTa xelTa aRixuna
daviTni da mcireTa dReTa Semdgomad asergasisni igi
fsalmunni daiswavna, romliTa-igi dRe da Rame zeskne-
lisa mis meufisa mimarT saTnosa mas galobasa Seswi-
ravn cremliT~. Zalian mniSvnelovania is, rom iakobi
Tavad afasebs dedoflis Rvawls sinonimuri cnebiTi
Rirebulebis leqsemiT `Sroma~ (es ori termini Tanab-
rad gamoiyeneba rogorc mowameTa, ise moRvaweTa mi-
marT. mag.: grigoli `Rvawlis mZlea~, barbares wamebas
ki srulad aseTi saxeliT vecnobiT: `Rvawli da Sroma
wmida didmowame barbaresi~). sxvagan vkiTxulobT: `da-
maSuralobiTa SromaTa maT Sina simxnisa misisaÁTa se-
ni sneulebisa moiwia mis zeda~. mowame marxviT, mara-
dis zedgomiT da `Rame yovel daSuromiTa, fsalmune-
biTa da galobiTa ... arcaRa mcired sada ... ÃorcTa
misTa gansuenebiTa ... dadna viTarca avli~. didmarxva-
Si eqvsive wlis ganmavlobaSi ormocdaaT dRes arc
dRisiT, arc RamiT ar jdeboda, arc iZinebda, mxolod
kviraobiT eziareboda xolme qristes xorcsa da
sisxls da mcired iRebda mxlis wvens, xolo purs sa-
erTod ar ixmevda aRdgomamde.
iakob xucesi calke aRniSnavs, rom mTeli eqvsi
wlis ganmavlobaSi SuSaniks baliSis nacvlad Tavi
alizze edo, qvesagebad ki bewvis gaTelili mosasxami
hqonda; dasanaxad `kacTa Tvalsa~ àntioqiuri pale-
karti~ emosa, radgan misi Rvawli mxolod moZRvarma
da ufalma uwyodnen. meSvide wels dedofals `daucx-
romelad SromaTa maT gamo dausivdes ferxni misni da
Txramli aRmosdioda adgild-adgild da wylulebani
did-didni iyvnes da matlica dasxmul-iyo wylulTa
maT, romelTa-igi aRiRo xeliTa TÂsiTa~.
Tuki dedoflis eqvsi wlis Sromas, gansacdelTa
daTmenas, cixis sulieri qnariT `ganaTlebas,~ sulier
aRmSeneblobas da sxvaTaTvis Rvwas (mxedvelobaSi
140
gvaqvs `sulieriTa qnariTa cixis ganaTlebis~, mogvi
dedakacis gankurnebisa da sikvdilis win jojikis sax-
leulis damoZRvris epizodebi) SevadarebT beris cxov-
rebas, msgavseba aSkara gaxdeba. magram aqve ikveTeba is
mniSvnelovani gansxvavebac, rom beroba, monazvnoba
Camoyalibebuli kanonia, cxovrebis wesia, SuSaniki ki
mxolod codvaTa ganwmendas da sulieri Zalmosile-
bis mokrebas cdilobs mZime SromiT. SuSanikis Rvaw-
lis es msgavseba monazonTa cxovrebis wesTan ganapi-
robebs, erTi mxriv, mkvlevarTa daskvnas, rom SuSaniki
monazonia (rasac, cxadia, ar veTanxmebiT) da, meore
mxriv, Cvens mosazrebas, rom es eqvsi weli martvili
SuSanikis Rvawls cxovreba-moqalaqobis gmirTa Rvawls
uaxlovebs da, Sesabamisad, dinamika movlenaTa ganviTa-
rebisa (am Rvawlis aRweris gamo) Semcirebulia. ami-
tomve gamovTqviT varaudi, rom `SuSanikis wamebis~
struqtura wamebis qveJanris Txzulebebis tipologi-
isgan gansxvavdeba (TavisTavad, es struqturuli dayo-
fac TxzulebaTa tipologiisa gviandelia, radgan Tu-
ki saxarebas, rogorc baZvisTvis orientirs, davakvir-
debiT, vnaxavT cxovrebis orive wesis erTobas: mxedve-
lobaSi gvaqvs macxovris gasvla udabnoSi da misive
jvarcma).
rogorc aRvniSneT, asurel mamaTa Semosvlamde sa-
qarTveloSi monazvnuri yofa da samonastro cxovre-
bis wesi, tiposi (tipikoni) ar arsebobda. magram ram
ganapiroba zemoaRniSnuli msgavseba? erTi mxriv, am
msgavsebas saxarebaSive aqvs safuZveli, xolo, meore
mxriv, SesaZloa, zepirgadmocemis gziT ukve arsebobda
garkveuli warmodgena Rvawlis im mZime saxeze, romel-
sac antoni didi da ilarioni eweodnen, ris anarek-
lsac vxedavT `SuSanikis wamebaSi~.
aqve kidev erTxel unda gamovkveToT, rom wameba,
igive Sroma SuSanikisa, mTel im periods moicavs, ro-
melic varsqenis rjulgadasvliT daiwyo da SuSanikis
aRsasruliT damTavrda, maSin, roca mowame wmindanTa
Rvawli droSi dasazRvrulia da mcire droiTi peri-
odiT Semoifargleba.
141
amgvarad, wminda SuSaniki (ise, rogorc wminda nino)
yvela niSniT (moRvaweobiT, maradis locviTa da si-
fxizliT, mkacrad marxviT, mZime pirobebSi Segnebu-
lad yofniT xorcis dauZlurebiT... rasac ganapirobebs
saxarebiseuli swavleba: ùfalman RmerTman, romeli
xedavs dafarulTa, mogagos Sen cxadad~, an kidev, àra
eCveno kacTa mmarxvelad~ da sxva araerTi msgavsi kon-
cepti) monazvnur RvawlSia, TumcaRa _ ara aRkvecili
monazoni. aseve unda vifiqroT wminda kacze `SuSanikis
wamebidan~: wmindaa RvawliT, magram ara aRkvecili
monazoni.
7. wmindanis Tayvaniscema. wmindani-meoxi.

xsenebis dRis daweseba
roca iakob xucesi `SuSanikis wamebas~ aRwers, here-
Tis dedofali ukve kanonizirebuli wmindania. Txzu-
lebaSi vkiTxulobT, rom SuSanikis xseneba kozman da
damianes xsenebis dRes daaweses. amitom, bunebrivia mi-
si moxseniebisas iseT definiciaTa gamoyeneba, romle-
bic wmindanebs miemarTeba (wminda, netari, sanatreli,
samgzis sanatreli, sZali da mxevali qristesi, martvi-
li, mowame. TumcaRa, imave leqsemebiT – wminda, sanat-
reli – iakobi mimarTavs episkopossac). aq Tavs iCens
erTi kiTxva, romelzec pasuxis gacema hipoTeturi, mag-
ram uaRresad mniSvnelovani unda iyos: ratom daemTxva
SuSanikis xsenebis dRe kozman da damianes xsenebis
dRes, xom ar SeiZleba, iyos raime saxis kavSiri am
wmindanTa Rvawls Soris, ramac ganapiroba xsenebis
dRis damTxveva?
iakob xucesi SuSanikis TvisebaTagan jer kidev
varsqenis rjulgadasvlamde warmoaCens dedoflis wi-
naswarmetyvelebis niWs, xolo Semdeg _ eqvswliani
Tavganwirvis Sedegs: sulier Zalmosilebas, romelsac
netarma dedofalma miaRwia; safexurebrivi zeaRsvlis
gzaze SuSaniki Cveulebrivi mokvdavobidan miwazeve
wmindanad iqca da saswaulebrivi kurnebis unari SeiZi-
na: `da mieriTgan ganiTqua yovelsa qarTlsa saqmÀ misi.
da movidodes mamani da dedani aRnaTquemTa Sewirvad
142
da raÁ vis uxmda, miemadleboda wmidiTa locviTa ne-
tarisa SuSanikisiTa, romelsa moscemda mas kacTmoyu-
are RmerTi: uSviloTa Svili, sneulTa kurneba, brmaTa
– TualTa axilvaÁ~. cxadia, kurneba agiografiul
TxzulebaSic saxarebis analogiiT orgemage datvir-
Tvis (sulieri da fizikuri) mqonea. ormagi datvirTva
aqvs mogvi dedakacis keTrisgan gankurnebasac, rasac
ierusalimSi wasvla da, cxadia, sulieri ganwmendac
mohyveba: `da ganikurna igi salmobisa misgan da viTar
garemoiqca igi sixaruliTa didiTa da moiwia munve,
movida igi wmidisa SuSanikisa madlisa gardaxdad da
warvida saxid TÂsa sixaruliTa ganmrTelebuli~.
SuSanikis gamorCeuli sulieri Rvawli da saswauleb-
rivi kurnebis niWi masSi wmindans Seacnobinebs jer
iakobs, Semdeg ki jojiksac. agiografi didmarxvis Sem-
deg nagvem dedofals `sakrvelTagan Semkul qristes
sZals~ uwodebs; sikvdils miaxlebul `SuSanik mar-
tvils~ jojiki `pirvelTa maT uwesoTa saqmeTa~ gamo
Sendobas sTxovs da mimarTavs: `sZalo da mxevalo
qristÀso, iTxove RmrTisagan, raTa momitevnes me mra-
valni Secodebani Cemni~. xolo jojikisa da misi sax-
leulis win warmoTqmuli qadagebis Semdeg mas ukve
`soflisa kacni~ mimarTaven, rogorc wmindansa da mo-
wames da sTxoven meoxebas qristes winaSe: `mogÂteven
bralni Cuenni da guakurTxen wmidao mowameo da mar-
tvilo sanatrelo qristes RmrTisao~. SuSanikic swo-
red amgvarad upasuxebs: `RmerTman mogitevenin, romel
raÁ-igi hyavT~. cxadia, wminda SuSaniki sulierad gamo-
rCeuli piria, romelsac RvTis winaSe Suamdgomlobis,
meoxebis kadniereba aqvs.
saerTod, wmindani qristianobaSi istoriuli piria,
romelsac gansakuTrebul pativs miageben da Tvlian
meoxad adamianTa da RmerTs Soris. es aris RvTivsaT-
no pirovneba, kanonizirebuli eklesiis mier, romelic
saTnoebiTa da cxovrebis wesiT sxvaTaTvis magaliTia.
tertuliane da kvipriane karTageneli mowmoben wmin-
danTa Tayvaniscemis wesis damkvidrebas pirvelive sa-
ukunidan. amaze metyvelebs mociqulTa dadgenilebebic
(wigni VI, T. 30; wigni VIII, T. 33). meoTxe saukunis wmin-
143
da mamebTan ki ukve sagangebo swavlebas vxvdebiT
(efrem asuri, ioane oqropiri, grigol RvTismetyveli,
basili didi da a.S.). wmindani eklesiisave swavlebiT
aRsrulebis Semdeg imkvidrebs sasufevels da RvTis
winaSe maradis loculobs adamianebisTvis. amitom agi-
ografiul (da himnografiul) TxzulebebSi xSirad
SevxvdebiT epizodebs, romlebic gadmogvcemen, rogor
egebeba maT zeciuri ierarqia. magaliTad àbos wameba~
(rogorc sabanisZis Txzuleba, ise miqael modrekilis
sagalobeli), `barbares wamebis~ kimenuri Tu metafra-
suli redaqciebi da sxv. gamogvadgeba.
adreqristianul ZeglebSi (IV saukunis I naxevramde
da V saukuneSic ki!), rogorc aRmosavleTis, ise dasav-
leTis qristianebSi sityva wminda (berZn. àgios~, laT.
sanctus) ar gamoiyeneboda wmindanis dRevandeli mniSvne-
lobiT da amgvarad ar moixseniebdnen arc mociqulebs,
arc wamebulT, arc mogvianebiT kanonizirebul arcerT
pirs. maT ubralod, saxelebiT, mimarTavdnen. magali-
Tad, pavle (mociqulisa an wmindanis gareSe). amave
tradicias icavs romauli kalendari (romelic gamo-
ica jer buxeris, xolo Semdeg ruinardis mier ,,Acta
sincera”-sTan erTad). am TvalsazrisiT, gamonaklisia kar-
Tagenis eklesiis kalendari (III-V saukuneebi), romel-
Sic es definicia saTanado konotaciiT xSiria. pirve-
li kalendari, romelSic RvawliTa da saTnoebiT
gamorCeul adamians moixsenieben sityviT wminda, aris
polemiosis Àcta Sanctorum~ (t.I), xolo epigrafikul
ZeglebSi 472 wlamde definiciiT wminda ar moixsenieba
arc ioane naTlismcemeli. igive leqsema, garda adami-
anis piradi sulieri saTnoebisa da siwmindisa, aRniS-
navda, rom esa Tu is piri, an adgili, gankuTvnili iyo
romelime wminda msaxurebisTvis (mag.: sauflo locva-
Si `wminda iyavn saxeli Seni~ _ mT. 6:9). saxarebis mi-
xedviT (rogorc marTlmadidebelTa, ise kaTolikeTa
Soris gavrcelebuli azriT), wminda werili aRiarebs
mxolod RvTis Tayvaniscemas (meore sj. 6. 13; esaia 42.
8; mT. 4. 10; tim. 1. 17), magram aRiarebs wmindanTa Tayva-
niscemas ise, rom maTi RvawliTac warmoCndes uflis
144
sidiade wmindanTa mier aRsrulebuli saqmeebis sidi-
adiT (`wmidaTa Soris sakvirveli~, _ fsalm. 67. 36).
wmindanTa Tayvaniscemis tradicias Zveli aRTqmida-
nve Caeyara safuZveli (daviT mefsalmune locvas amgva-
rad iwyebs: ùfalo, RmerTo abraamisa, isaakisa da is-
railisa, mamaTa CvenTa~ (29.18). axal aRTqmaSi iakob
mociquli ukve pirdapir moZRvravs qristianT ilocon
erTmaneTisTvis (iak. 5. 16), petre mociqulma morwmuneT
Tavisi aRsasrulis Semdeg zrunva aRuTqva (2 petre, 1.
15), ioanem daamowma, rom wmindanebi ufalTan Suamdgom-
loben mlocvelebs (gamocx. 5. 8; 8. 3-4). mogvianebiT (ni-
keis me-7 msoflio saeklesio krebaze, romelic 784
wels gaimarTa), wminda mamebma anaTema gamoucxades im
pirT, romlebic wmindanTa Tayvaniscemas uaryofdnen.
qristianuli eklesia wmindanebs miiCnevs adamiane-
bad, romelTac aqvT qristes mier Suamdgomlobis, me-
oxebis Zala da madli. is damoukidebeli meoxia ufal-
sa da adamianebs Soris, romelmac Tavi gawira sxvaTa
gamosyidvisTvis da amiTac Seemsgavsa ufals (1 tim. 2.5-
6). wmindanTa dasi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba Rvawlis
Sesabamisad. xolo amis mixedviT gansxvavebulia defi-
nicia, mimarTva, romelic ocamde rangs ganasxvavebs er-
TmaneTisgan (mociquli, uvercxlod mkurnali, keTil-
morwmune, netari, didmowame, aRmsarebeli, mowame, mar-
Tali... da a.S.). maT Soris erT-erTia mowame//martvili
(adamiani, romelmac sikvdili miiRo Tavisi rwmenis
gamo). ase mimarTaven SuSaniksac. `SuSanikis wamebaSi~
vxvdebiT mociqulsac, wminda mowamesac (`masmies me
pavle mociqulisagan...~, an uvecxlod mkurnalni kozma
da damiane, `wmidani wignni mowameTani~). samgzis sanat-
reli, wminda, netari, tarigi qristesi, axovani, mxne
definiciebia, romelTac rangis gansazRvris Tvalsaz-
risiT mniSvneloba ara aqvs da ubralod iakobisa Tu
sxva TanamgrZnobTa krZalul damokidebulebas gamoxa-
tavs SuSanikisadmi, magram martvili da mowame ukve de-
doflis Rvawlis konkretuli Sefaseba da wmindanis
rangis sicocxleSive gansazRvraa.
vfiqrobT, radgan wminda SuSaniki sicocxleSive
kurnebis niWiT iyo dajildovebuli da saswaulic,
145
romelsac iakob xucesi aRgviwers, swored mogvis moq-
cevasa da gankurnebas ukavSirdeba, sruliad logiku-
ria misi xsenebis dRis daweseba uvecxlod mkurnalTa
– kozman da damianes xsenebis dRes.
rogorc aRvniSneT, qristianuli samyaro wmindanis
TayvaniscemiTac ufals adidebs. ufals ganadidebs wmin-
danic Tavisi saqmeebiT: fsalmunis sityvebi: `sakvirvel
ars ufali wmidaTa Soris misTa~ swored am damokide-
bulebas warmoaCens, rac, cxadia, asaxulia `SuSanikis
wamebaSic~. TxzulebaSi vkiTxulobT: `ganvaweseT saxse-
nebeli wmidisa SuSanikisi sadidebelad da saqebelad
RmrTisa, mamisa da Zisa da sulisa wmidisa, romlisa
Suenis dideba ukuniTi ukunisamde, amin!~
8. wminda nawilTa Tayvaniscema.

gapatiosneba. dakrZalva
SuSaniks emcno Tavisi gardacvalebis (`wodebis~)
dRe. cxadia, es faqtic imaze metyvelebs, rom dedo-
fali miwazeve wmindania. SuSaniki ukanaskneli sityve-
biTac ufals adidebs: `kurTxeul ars ufali RmerTi
Cemi, rameTu mSvidobiT mas zeda davwev da daviZine~.
rogorc iTqva, agiografiuli Txzulebebi xSirad
wyaroTmcodneobiTi TvalsazrisiTac Zalian mniSvne-
lovan cnobebs gvawvdian. am TvalsazrisiT saintere-
soa iakob xucesis Txzulebac, romelSic daculia
SuSanikis gapatiosnebis ambavi: episkoposma ioanem sxveb-
Tan erTad ganbana da tiloSi Segragna `wmida da pa-
tiosani nawilni~ dedoflisa. `wmida da patiosani na-
wilni~ wmindanTa Tayvaniscemis ukve damkvidrebuli
tradiciis qarTul qristianul sivrceSi gavrcelebaze
metyvelebs. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs is faqti, rom qristi-
anoba icnobs ara marto wmindanTa, aramed wminda na-
wilTa Tayvaniscemas. es wesic, msgavsad wmindanTa Tay-
vaniscemisa, uflis didebis gamomxatvelia, radgan
efuZneba bibliur Tezas: `sakvirvel ars ufali wmida-
Ta Soris misTa~.
zeciuri saunjisTvis moRvawe `ÃarTa mxneTa dauR-
lvilTa~, ioane da afoc episkoposebma, Segragvnis Sem-
146
deg SuSaniki fsalmunebiT, sakmevlis kmeviTa da anTe-
buli kereonebiT gadaabrZanes da dakrZales anderZisa-
mebr, `vinaÁca-igi pirvelad gamoaTries~ (WeliZe: 38).
Sesvenebul dedofals ki `daviTis qnariT~ angelozTa
darad Rame uTies.
II. dogmatur-saRvTismetyvelo terminologia
`SuSanikis wameba~, rogorc Cvenamde moRweuli erT-

erTi uadresi qarTuli agiografiuli Zegli, termino-
logiis Camoyalibebis gzaze dakvirvebis Tvalsazrisi-
Tac aris sayuradRebo. qristianobis orgzis (I da IV
saukuneebSi) qadagebam saxarebisa da samociqulos Tar-
gmna bunebrivad daayena dRis wesrigSi. Targmanma ki
garkveuli qristianuli cnebebis mowesrigebis auci-
lebloba warmoSva. miuxedavad amisa, mosalodneli da,
amavdroulad, mniSvnelovania, rom V saukune is etapia,
roca terminologia jer kidev ar aris Camoyalibebu-
li da dadgenis fazaSia. TumcaRa, Camoyalibebis Sem-
degac problemur sakiTxad rCeboda leqsemaTa polise-
mantizmi. sakiTxis amgvarad wamoWris Semdeg `SuSani-
kis wamebaSi~ 1. calke ikveTeba Camoyalibebuli dogma-
tur-saRvTismetyvelo terminologia, 2. calke _ is leq-
semebi, romelTac cnebiTi Rirebulebis terminologiis
saxe jer ar miuRiaT, an ormagi datvirTva aqvT da
yofiT da cnebiT mniSvnelobas iTavseben.
Camoyalibebul terminTagan calke unda aRvniSnoT
uflis saxelebi: `WeSmariti RmerTi~, ùfali RmerTi~,
`RmerTi, Semoqmedi caTa da queyanisa~, ùfali~, ùfa-
li yovelTa Semwynarebeli~, `meufe meufeTa~, `msajuli
msajulTa~ (amave dros, ufali calke leqsemad mecx-
ramete saukunis CaTvliT dualuri datvirTvisa iyo da
batonsac aRniSnavda, gamoiyeneboda wodebrivi upirate-
sobis, Tu zrdilobiani mimarTvisasac, mag.: ufali
WavWavaZe). am saRmrTo saxelTa umetesoba damkvidrebu-
li da gavrcelebulia dRemde. leqsema ufali-s mniS-
vneloba ki Seviwrovda da dRes is aRar gamoiyeneba
eriskacis mniSvnelobiT.
147
Cven ukve SevexeT ramdenime leqsemas, romelTa ume-
tesobac qristianobis wiaRSi swored terminebia, mag-
ram yofiTi mniSvnelobac ara aqvT dakarguli. amgvar
leqsemaTa rigSia xati, goneba, saxe, buneba, sawuTro
meuRle, bunebiTi coli, sZali da mxevali qristesi.
uadres qarTul sasuliero ZeglebSi dadasturebuli
ZiriTadi saRvTismetyvelo terminebi gamoikvlia ed.
WeliZem naSromebSi: `Zveli qarTuli saRvTismetyvelo
terminologia~ da `Zveli qarTuli saeklesio litera-
tura~. amitom dawvrilebiT aRar SevCerdebiT, magram
srulad warmodgenisTvis Tvali gadavavloT ramdenime
maTgans:
xati _ `Sen Cemi xati daamxu~; àraTu me aRmemarTa
xati igi da memca davamxu~.
goneba / goniereba / ugunureba _ `raÁTamca cvala
igi RmerTman saxisa misgan ugunurebisa da iqmnamca
gonierebasa qristÀssa~; `msgavsad misve saxisa aznaur-
ni da uaznoni soflisa qarTlisani~; `mware gonebaÁ
aqus mas~; `nu egeviTari gonebaÁ gipyries~;
saxe _ `raÁTamca cvala igi RmerTman saxisa misgan
ugunurebisa da iqmnamca gonierebasa qristessa~; `magis
saxisaTvis moved me Senda~; `da Tu Sen saxed yrmebr
araraÁ hqmen, RmerTman mogitevnes Sen~; `xolo RmrTis-
moyuarebisa TquenisaTvis xucesman aRavsenin wadili
Tqueni magis saxisaTvis~.
buneba _ `dedaTa buneba iwro ars~;
bunebiTi coli _ `romeli-igi bunebiTi coli ars
da Svilni, iginica ... Sensave magas msaxurebas movaqcine~.
sawuTro meuRle _ àravin ipova kacTagani, romel-
mancmca Seajera uRmrTosa mas sawuTrosa meuRlesa~;
sZali da mxevali qristesi _ `sZalo da mxevalo
qristeso, raÁTa momitevnes me mravalni Secodebani Cemni~;
cnebiTi Rirebulebis dapirispirebas qmnis antonimu-
ri wyvili `sawuTro meuRle~ da `sZali da mxevali
qristesi~. varsqeni SuSaniks moixseniebs `bunebiT co-
lad~, SuSanikisTvis varsqeni `sawuTro meuRlea~, rac
sivrcul Tu semantikur antinomiaSia `qristes sZalsa
da mxevalTan~. dedofali aSkarad gulisxmobs saR-
mrTo qorwinebas ufalTan (rac ufalTan erTobas,
148
qristesTan erTobas) niSnavs. amave dros, niSneulia,
rom SuSaniks unda daeZlia bunebiTi, sawuTro meuRle-
oba, rom qristes sZali gamxdariyo.
III. wminda werilis citireba

citata klasikuri ganmartebiT aris `winadadeba,
amoRebuli romelime nawarmoebidan da gamoyenebuli
sxva nawarmoebSi wyaros aRniSvniT~ (giorgiZe 1974: 157).
amave dros, citacia zusti gadmotanaa frazisa Tu wi-
nadadebisa (winadadebebisa) erTidan meore Txzulebasa
Tu zepirmetyvelebaSi. citatas, ZiriTadad, sandoobis,
damajereblobisa Tu azris gamyarebis mizniT mimarTa-
ven. damowmebis am wess jer kidev antikuri samyarodan
yvela kultura icnobs da cnobs. am meTods mxatvru-
li xerxis datvirTvac aqvs da qristianuli kulturac
Zalumad mimarTavs mas. TumcaRa, gansxvavebulia Tavad
citirebis wesi. qristianul literaturaSi citireba
SesaZloa zedmiwevniT da Tavisuflad. amave dros, wya-
ros miTiTebiT da miTiTebis gareSe. mxolod pirvel
SemTxvevaSi Tavisufalma midgomam ar unda daarRvios
azris sizuste, xolo wyaros miuTiTebloba ganpirobe-
bulia mosazrebiT, rom azri, romelic WeSmaritebas
Seamecnebinebs kacobriobas, sayovelTaoa. roca Tavisu-
fal citaciaze vsaubrobT, SesaZloa SemovitanoT cne-
ba parafrazisa (`raimes sakuTari sityvebiT gadmocema,
Txroba sakuTari sityvebiT, `moxelis samagido leqsi-
koni~, uridia 2004: 483). amgvarad (Tavisufali citaci-
iT) imowmebs SuSaniki pavle mociqulis sityvebs: `mas-
mies me pavle mociqulisagan: ara damonebul ars daÁ
gina ZmaÁ, aramed ganeyenen~. mocemuli muxli, rogorc
araerTi mkvlevari aRniSnavs, pavles Ikor. 7.15 – is
arazusti citirebaa. SevadaroT: `xolo ukeTu urwmuno
igi ganeyenebodis, ganeyenen; ara damonebul ars ZmaÁ
igi, gina daÁ igi eseviTariTa miT, rameTu mSvidobasa
gviwodna Cuen RmerTman~. dedofali daimowmebs luka
maxareblis sityvebs: `me miugo sityuaÁ Tquen wil~
(Sdr.: lk. 12.12 `sulman wmidaman gaswaos Tquen mas
Jamsa Sina, raÁ-igi sTquaT~); aseTi parafrazirebuli
149
saxiT iyenebs `venaxis meaTerTmete Jamis muSakis~ igavs
da macxovris swavlebas: `vin sTesa – moimko da vin
ganabnia glaxakTaTvis, _ Seikriba da romelman wari-
wymidos Tavi TÂsi, man poos igi, romelman adida igi~.
unda aRiniSnos, rom, Tuki adreqristianuli xanis
Txzulebebs gadavavlebT Tvals, citirebis Tvalsaz-
risiT, swored msgavs (Tavisufali citaciiT) midgomas
aRmovaCenT. aTonelTa da, gansakuTrebiT, gelaTelTa
damokidebuleba (romelic, magaliTad, giorgi mTawmi-
delis saxarebiseul TargmanSi, misive anderZSi da X-
XII saukuneebis qarTul xelnawerebSi gamoikveTa, zed-
miwevniTi citacia) swored gviandeli da ara mexuTe
saukunis xedvis amsaxvelia.
dabolos, `SuSanikis wameba~ ara mxolod imitom ip-
yrobs mkvlevarTa yuradRebas, rom is Cvenamde moRwe-
uli erT-erTi pirveli qarTuli agiografiuli Txzu-
lebaa. miuxedavad kvlevis TiTqmis aswliani istori-
isa, dRemde rCeba sakiTxebi, romelTa Seswavlac sxva
saintereso aspeqtebiT dagvafiqrebs da Rirebul cno-
bebs gvawvdis qarTuli eklesiis, misi ganviTarebis, is-
toriisa Tu V saukunis qristianuli qarTlis socio-
kulturuli yofis Sesaxeb.
damowmebani:
axali aRTqma 1963: axali aRTqma. Tb.: sakaTalikoso sabWos

gamocema, 1963.
abulaZe 1973: abulaZe i. Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikoni. Tb.:
`mecniereba~, 1973.
gorgiZe 1974: giorgiZe g. kartozia g. sabiblioTeko termine-
bis leqsikoni. Tb.: `mecniereba~, 1974.
sarjvelaZe 2000: sarjvelaZe z. Zveli qarTuli enis sityvis
kona. Tb.: 2000.
uridia 2004: uridia s. moxelis samagido leqsikoni. Tb.: 2004.
WeliZe 1996: WeliZe e. Zveli qarTuli saRvTismetyvelo termi-
nologia. I, Tb.: àxali ivironi~, 1996.
WeliZe 2005: WeliZe e. Zveli qarTuli saeklesio literatura.
Tb.: àxali ivironi~, 2005.
150
Eka Chikvaidze
Religious Service Traditions and Terminology

in " The Martyrdom of Saint Shushanik"
Summary
The Martyrdom of Shushanik, as the first hagiographical literary text

is noteworthy in many ways. Although the work that has reached the
present times is the manuscript of the 10th century it describes a
significant page of the history of the Georgian Church and demonstrates
the aspects of development of dogmatic-theological issues and relevant
terminology. In this regard, the content provided by IakobKhutsesi’s the
Martyrdom of Shushanik is relatively interesting for three aspects: 1.
service and religious traditions; several mysteries, rules or traditions
common to the Orthodox Christian realm are stated in the Martyrdom of
Shushanik: baptism, Eucharist, interment, worship of saints and
instituting the day of remembrance. The work reflects the position that
the Christian world glorifies the Lord by worshipping a Saint, a Saint
worships the Lord with his/her acts. 2. Dogmatic-theological termino-
logy; Martyrdom of Shushanik as the first Georgian hagiographical
work that has reached modern times is notable also in terms of obser-
ving the way of development of terminology. 3. Citing the Scripture.
Quotes in the Martyrdom of Shushanik, as a rule, are brought according
to the principle of the loose citation, versus an exact one, which is
typical of the works of the pre-Christian epoch.
151
nana mrevliSvili
iakob curtavelis `SuSanikis wamebis~

struqturul-kompoziciuri Tavisebureba
iakob xucesis `SuSanikis wameba~ dRemde mkvlevarTa

gaunelebeli interesis sagania. bevri iTqva, bevri
kvlavac saTqmeli darCa, bevri ram axlebur interpre-
tacias iTxovs... Cven SevecdebiT mokled vimsjeloT im
struqturul-kompoziciuri Taviseburebis Sesaxeb, ro-
melic am unikalur Zegls axasiaTebs. sakiTxze msje-
loba aucilebelia daviwyoT imis gaxsenebiT, Tu ra
konkretuli Temisa da ideis gamosaxatavad Seqmna av-
torma nawarmoebi. nawarmoebis Temaa istoriuli piris,
wamebuli SuSanik dedoflis sarwmunoebrivi Rvawlis
aRwera, xolo avtoris ideaa Seqmnas da warmoaCinos
saxe qristiani adamianisa, romelsac, konkretuli saWi-
roebisas yvelaze Rirebulis – sicocxlis (xolo
SuSanikis SemTxvevaSi kidev metis – Svilebis) daTmo-
bac ki SeuZlia aRmsareblobisaTvis, SuSanik dedof-
lis mowamebrivi aRsasrulis CvenebiT avtori gamok-
veTs ideals (Secnoba WeSmariti aRmsareblobisa –
qristianobisa _ da misi uangaro msaxureba), romlis-
Tvisac namdvilad Rirs TavSewirva, romelic amqveyni-
ur yvela idealze maRla dgas.
rasakvirvelia, es idea arc konkretuli avtoris az-
rovnebis produqtia da arc _ originalur qarTul ni-
adagze aRmocenebuli. amgvari ideis gamoxatva Tavad
agiografiuli Janris specifikis ucilobeli atribu-
tia. xolo mTlianobaSi agiografiuli Zeglis ide-
ologiuri koncepti, ra Tqma unda, Tanxvdeba zogadad
qristianis ideologiur koncepts da misi formulire-
baa adamianis mier RvTis Semsgavseba, gankacebuli
RmerTis amqveyniuri cxovrebis gzis ganmeorebis meSve-
obiT uflis wiaR dabruneba.
amgvari analogis TvalsazrisiT prioriteti mowame-
obas eniWeba da adreuli periodi gansakuTrebiT gamo-
irCeva `martvilobaTa~ Janris nawarmoebebis simrav-
152
liT. am tipis Zeglebis simravles, rogorc cnobilia,
Tavisi konkretuli mizezebi aqvs. I-IV saukuneebSi,
qristianobis Camoyalibebis sawyis etapze, rodesac
romis imperiaSi gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT idevnebod-
nen am aRmsareblobis mimdevrebi, iqmneboda maTi mowa-
mebrivi Rvawlis amsaxveli masala, amasTan, realuri
safrTxis gamo, yvela adamiani, vinc qristianul RvTis-
msaxurebaSi monawileobda, iTvleboda `RvTis kacad,~
RvTisTvis TavSewirulad. marTalia, am droisaTvis
qristianuli kanonizacia formirebuli ar iyo, magram
RvTismsaxurebis dros ukve xdeboda qristianobisaTvis
TavSewirul pirTa, da gansakuTrebiT – mowameTa, Tay-
vaniscema da sagangebo locviT moxsenieba.
paradoqsia, magram adreuli periodis mowameTa Rvaw-
lis amsaxveli Zeglebis wyarod gvevlineba Canawerebi
swored im adamianebisa, romlebic sjidnen qristianebs.
es aris ZiriTadad dokumenturi masala, dakiTxvebis
oqmebi, sasjelis misjis amsaxveli werilobiTi aqtebi,
romis konsulebisa Tu mosamarTleebis mier damowmebu-
li. cxadia, am masalas, gasagebi mizezebis gamo, ar Se-
iZleboda hqonoda raime mxatvruli Rirebuleba. es ma-
sala ZiriTadad erTmaneTis msgavsi da erTferovani
iyo da, met-naklebad gadamuSavebuli, igzavneboda er-
Ti eklesiidan meoreSi da ase igebda sazogadoeba ama
Tu im mowamis Rvawlis Sesaxeb.
istoriul qronikebSi gvxvdeba cnobebi, rom ukve
uZvelesi periodidanve qristianebma daiwyes Sedgena
krebulebisa, romlebSic saRmrTo liturgiaze moxse-
niebis mizniT, aRnusxavdnen mowameebis vinaobasa da
gardacvalebis TariRebs. mogvianebiT informacia wmin-
danebis Sesaxeb ufro mravalferovani da detaluri
xdeba. TandaTan yuradReba eqceva mxatvrul-esTetikur
formas. avtorebi cdiloben gamomsaxvelobiTi saSu-
alebebis moZiebas, formirebasa da daxvewas, rTuldeba
da ixveweba Zeglebis siuJetur-kompoziciuri mxare, yu-
radReba eqceva Txrobis stilsa da maneras, ufro mog-
vianebiT ki avtorebi mdidar gamomsaxvelobiT saSu-
alebebsac mimarTaven. es yvelaferi mkiTxvelze emoci-
uri zegavlenis gaZlierebas emsaxureba.
153
ikonografiisa, da zogadad, saeklesio xelovnebis
msgavsad, agiografias axasiaTebs mkveTrad gansazRvru-
li kanonika. is misdevs mkacrad dadgenil wesebs, rom-
lebic gansazRvraven Janris specifikas. amgvari kanoni-
ka ayalibebs nawarmoebis rogorc enobriv-stilistur,
aseve – struqturul-kompoziciur xasiaTs. radgan Sua
saukuneebis literaturaSi TviTmyofadobisa da Tavi-
suflebis gageba ar scildeba mkacrad kanonizirebul
CarCoebs, sqematuria rogorc personaJis vizualuri
Tu Sinagani saxe, ise nawarmoebis konstruqcia. Tumca,
zogjer, miuxedavad mkacrad dadgenili CarCoebisa, av-
toris TviTmyofadoba Tavs iCens rogorc stilisturi
TvalsazrisiT, ise _ mxatvruli saxis formirebisas.
rogorc ikonografia axdens adamianis saxis garkve-
ul deformirebas adamianis sulieri arsis gamovline-
bis mizniT, aseve agiografia mizanmimarTuli struqtu-
ris gamoyenebiT qmnis wmindanis saxes da am procesSi
ukana planze gadadis yofiTi aspeqtebi da realur-
istoriuli faqtebi. arsebiTad, wmindanis figura aris
centraluri RerZi nawarmoebisa da Txrobis sxva as-
peqtebi (yofiTi detalebi Tu faqtebi) misi sulieri
konturebisa da, Sesabamisad _ wmindanis Rvawlis gamo-
sakveTad aris daniSnuli.
konkretul sqemas eqvemdebareba personaJTa ganlage-
bac. `SuSanikis wamebis~ centraluri figuris – SuSa-
nikis _ gverdiT mudmivad Cans an moiazreba ori perso-
naJi, varsqeni – misi meuRle, romelic misi mowameob-
rivi aRsasrulis mizezica da aRmsrulebelic xdeba
da dedoflis moZRvari – iakobi _ romelic imavdro-
ulad nawarmoebis avtoricaa. praqtikulad, es aris
ori ganStoeba dedoflis mowinaaRmdege da momxre pi-
rebisa, danarCeni personaJebis ganlageba da funqcia
amave princips eqvemdebareba. amasTan, avtori xazgasmiT
warmoaCens dedoflis momxreTa aSkara ricxobriv upi-
ratesobas: jojiki da misi coli, romlebic mudmivad
TanaugrZnoben dedofals, romlebic cdiloben ganvi-
Tarebuli konfliqtis Serbilebas (Tavdapirveli mo-
ciquloba SuSanikTan, purobis scena, varsqenisTvis Su-
Sanikis borkilebisagan ganTavisuflebis Txovna here-
154
Tis sazRvarTan...), romlebsac sjeraT SuSanikis mowa-
meobrivi Rvawlisa, sjeraT, rom dedofali RvTisagan
wmindanadaa gamorCeuli (nawarmoebis finali, rodesac
jojiki mTel ojaxTan erTad midis SuSanikTan, raTa
Sendoba da kurTxeva miiRos wamebuli rZlisagan); sa-
suliero pirebi – praqtikulad, isini Tavidanve mkveT-
rad da kategoriulad gamoxataven TavianT pozicias
(`warswymide Tavi Seni da Cuenca warguwymide...~ Zegle-
bi 1964: 14), amasTan, zogi varsqenis mimarT verdaZle-
uli SiSis gamo farulad TanaugrZnobs dedofals
(diakoni vinme, romelmac dawyebuli sityvis dasrule-
ba ver moaxerxa...), umetesoba ki cxadad iRvwis wame-
buli dedoflis nivTieri Tu moraluri Tanadgomis
gamosaxatavad (mTavarepiskoposi samoeli, episkoposebi
afoci da ioane), razedac varsqeni sagangebod xuWavs
Tvals, raTa isedac gamwvavebuli konfliqti kidev me-
tad ar gamwvavdes da sapitiaxSos sazRvars ar gas-
cdes. avtoris TqmiT, SuSanikis TanamdgomTa rigSi
arian àznaurni did-didni da zepurni dedani, azna-
urni da uaznoni soflisa qarTlisani~ (Zeglebi 1964:
27), rac, praqtikulad am geografiuli arealis mTel
mosaxleobas gulisxmobs. vin dgas pitiaxSis mxares?
gamokveTili momxre varsqenisa, Tu ar CavTvliT spars
kacs, romelic manamde gamoCndeba nawarmoebSi, vidre
rwmenaSecvlili varqeni dabrundeba sasaxleSi, ar
Cans. rasakvirvelia, unda vigulisxmoT, rom piriaxSs
hyavs garkveuli wre Tanamdgomelebisa, romelze day-
rdnobiTac cdilobs sakuTari politikuri Canafiqris
aRsrulebas, magram avtori maTi xsnebisa da, miT uf-
ro, daxasiaTebisagan, Tavs ikavebs. amdenad, varsqenis
momxreTa Soris vxedavT spars kacs, kidev erT perso-
naJs, romelic cdilobs mis SeCerebas, rodesac varsqe-
ni gegmavs dedoflis gvemas (`hrqua vinme pitiaxSsa
sakuTarman misman, viTarmed: „amaT wmidaTa marxvaTa nu
ras etyÂ mas“ (Zeglebi 1964: 19), da igulisxmeba Zlieri
mfarveli sparseTis Sahis saxiT. SuSanikisa da varsqe-
nis momxreebis amgvari ricxobrivi Tanafardobis mi-
uxedavad, sparseTis Sahis ZlierebiT zurgmomagrebul
pitiaxSs realurad veravin upirispirdeba, Svidi wlis
155
ganmavlobaSi igi axorcielebs qmedebas, romelic kate-
goriulad miuRebelia sazogadoebisaTvis, magram sazo-
gadoeba ver axerxebs mis SeCerebas. Tumca, varsqenis
qmedebas ewireba wamebuli dedoflis sicocxle, mag-
ram es varsqenis marcxia da ara gamarjveba, radgan
pitiaxSis mizani arc ojaxuri dramis ganviTareba da
arc dedoflis wameba ar yofila. misi mizandasaxule-
ba politikuri Zalauflebis SenarCuneba-gamyareba iyo,
magram varsqeni, rogor viciT, am angarebian da pativ-
moyvare miznebs Seewira.
amdenad, personaJTa kompoziciuri sqema samplani-
ania: SuSaniki – centraluri figura, misi momxreebi _
iakobi da masTan – mTeli sazogadoeba, da mowinaaR-
mdegeebi – sparseTis SahTan garigebuli moRalate pi-
tiaxSi TanamomxreTa mcire jgufTan erTad.
magram, ibadeba kiTxva: personaJTa amgvar kompozici-
ur sqemaSi konkretulad sad aqvT adgili miCenili
SuSanikis Svilebs?
nawarmoebSi SuSanikis Svilebi moixseniebian jer ki-
dev manam, vidre isini, rogorc personaJebi gamoCnde-
bian konkretul pasaJSi. sparseTis Sahis karze misuli
varsqeni mefes aRuTqvams: „romeli-igi bunebiTi coli
ars da Svilni, iginica esreve movaqcine Sensa sjulsa,
viTarca-ese me“ (Zeglebi 1964: 12). am konteqstidan ori
ram xdeba cxadi: 1. varsqens hyavs Svilebi (SuSanikis,
rogorc colis, Sesaxeb informacias adreve vecnobiT).
2. igi am Svilebs gamazdeanebas upirebs.
Semdeg pasaJSi, romlis meSveobiTac ukve maT raode-
nobasa (oTxi) da sqess (sami vaJi da erTi asuli) vi-
gebT, aRwerilia rogor mihyavs isini SuSaniks eklesi-
aSi, rodesac varsqenis gamazdeanebis ambavs Seityobs,
daayenebs maT sakurTxevlis win da RmerTs avedrebs
maTi sulebis xsnas. SuSaniks aqvs (da, rogorc davina-
xavT, arc usafuZvlod) molodini imisa, rom mxolod
gamazdeaneba varsqenisa ar aris ubedureba... es erT-er-
Ti rgolia ubedurebaTa jaWvisa, romelic daiwyo da
romelic Seexeba masac da mis Svilebsac, romelic ga-
anadgurebs da daSlis im yvelafers, rac mas aqamde
156
uSenebia. amgvari winaTgrZnoba ganapirobebs SuSanikis
emociis simZafres.
mesamed SuSanikis Svilebis Sesaxeb avtori mogviTx-
robs maSin, rodesac maT ukve Seicvales sarwmunoeba
da es ambavi gaagebines dedofals: „Svilni igi Senni
moaqcina mogobasa“ (Zeglebi 1964: gv. 12). SuSanikisTvis
es umZimesi dartymaa. misi gancda mZafria da tragiku-
li. avtori dagvanaxebs Tavzardacemuli, magram ara
sasowarkveTili da sulierad gatexili mowamis saxes.
misTvis es faqti kidev erTi gamocdaa, amitomac morCi-
lebiT iRebs am ambavs, locvas gaaormagebs (`maSin
iwyo Tayuanis-cemad RmrTisa mimarT,~ Zeglebi 1964: 12)
da RmerTs madlobas swiravs: „gmadlob Sen, ufalo
RmerTo Cemo, rameTu iyvnesve ara Cemni, aramed Senni
mocemulni iyvnes. viTarca gnebavs, iyavn nebaÁ Seni,
ufalo, da damicev me saqmeTagan mterisaTa“ (Zeglebi
1964: 12). am pasaJis bolos avtori mravlismetyvel ko-
mentars daurTavs: `da vidre mun Jamamde movidian
Svilni igi misni xilvad dedisa TÂsisa, xolo raJams
mieqcnes da uvar-yvesca RmerTi, verRara ikadres xil-
vad misa, aramed saxelica misi sZagda smenad~ (Zeglebi
1964: 12).
amdenad, SuSanikis gadawyvetileba mkacria da kate-
goriuli – raki Svilebma uayves qriste, rogorc maTi
macxovari, man uaryo isini, rogorc Svilebi. Cndeba ki-
Txva: xom ar aris dedofali zedmetad mkacri da kate-
goriuli Svilebis mimarT, romlebsac ar ZaluZT win
aRudgnen mamis nebas?
viciT, rom SuSaniki 476 wlis 17 oqtombers, wamebi-
dan meSvide wels gardaicvala. rodesac varsqeni spar-
seTis Sahis samefo karze miemgzavreba, maTi ojaxi uk-
ve karga xnis Seqmnili Cans. avtori imazec migviTi-
Tebs, rom col-qmars sarwmunoebasTan dakavSirebiT gar-
kveuli usiamovneba aqvT. Rrmadmorwmune dedoflisaT-
vis miuRebelia varsqenis gulgrili damokidebuleba
qristianuli aRmsareblobis mimarT. SuSanikisaTvis
qristianuli sarwmunoeba arsebobis wesi da safuZve-
lia, varsqenisaTvis – oden tradiciuli aRmsarebloba.
SuSanikma SeiZleba apatios adamians qristianobis
157
formaluri uaryofa, Tu es gardauvali aucileblo-
biT aris ganpirobebuli (amgvari Semwynarebluri damo-
kidebuleba Cans rogorc sakuTari, ise varsqenis mamis
mimarT. istoriulad cnobilia, rom, Tumca, vardanmac
da arSuSamac formalurad uaryves qristianoba, sico-
cxlis bolomde realurad am aRmsareblobis mimdevre-
bi darCnen), magram ver Seegueba, rom adamianma, romel-
Tanac sarecels iyofs, pirad da angarebian zraxvebs
Seswiros qristes rjuli, romelic SuSanikisTvis Ta-
visi arsiT aris umaRlesi Rirebuleba da, amasTan, pi-
rovnuli da erovnuli identobis SenarCuneba-ganviTa-
rebis safuZveli. amdenad, kamaTi, usiamovneba, winaT-
grZnoba varsqenisagan sarwmunoebis uaryofisa, SuSani-
kisaTvis mRelvarebis sagania didi xnis ganmavlobaSi.
magram rodis Seiqmna SuSanikisa da varsqenis ojaxi?
zogierTi mkvlevris (z. sarjvelaZe; e. giunaSvili) mo-
sazrebiT: `SuSaniki arSuSa pitiaxSis ojaxTan adreve
yofila dakavSirebuli. Cans, igi Tavisi biZis, arSuSas
qvislis, hmaik mamikonianis, ojaxis wevrebTan erTad
iyo mamikonianTa Znelbedobis Jams arSuSas ojaxSi. am
dros unda momxdariyo varsqenisa da SuSanikis qorwi-
nebac~ (sarjvelaZe 2009: 49). Tu vivaraudebT, rom maTi
SeuRleba vardanis sicocxleSive moxda, maSin es 451
wlamde unda momxdariyo, radgan vardani avarairas
brZolaSi daiRupa 451 wlis 26 maiss, gamodis, 467
wlisTvis, roca varsqeni sparseTSi midis, maT 16 wlis
Seqmnili ojaxi unda hqondeT da sakmaod mozrdili
Svilebic unda hyavdeT, rac nakleb sarwmuno Cans, rad-
gan SuSanikis damokidebuleba SvilebTan, eklesiaSi miy-
vanisa da sakurTxevelTan locvis epizodic ufro mci-
rewlovan bavSvebs gvavaraudebinebs, vidre 15-17 wlis
ymawvilebs. varsqeni 2 wlis Semdeg brundeba sparse-
Tidan, xolo misi Svilebis gamazdeanebis periodi un-
da emTxveodes SuSanikis wamebis meoTxe-mexuTe wels,
radgan SuSanikis Svilebis gamazdeanebis cnobas avto-
ri maSin gvawvdis, roca SuSanikis, rogorc mowamis,
saxeli, ukve ganTqmulia mTels qarTlSi, anu moRvawe-
obis ufro gviandel periodSi. savaraudod, am dro-
isaTvis misi Svilebi ukve didebi arian, anu, im asakis
158
adamianebi, romlebsac Camoyalibebuli aqvT cxovrebi-
seuli principebi, amitom aris amdenad mkacri da kate-
goriuli SuSaniki Svilebis qmedebis mimarT. rogorc
Cans, Sinaganad is mainc imedovnebda, rom amgvari ram
ar moxdeboda, varsqenis uzneoba da cinizmi aqamde ar
mividoda. gulis siRrmeSi iqneb piradi magaliTi da
Seupovrobac eimedeboda?! Tumca, SuSanikis Svilebis
qmedebis Sefasebisas avtori amgvar kategoriulobas
ar iCens. misi poziciiT, eseni arian tragikuli adami-
anebi, romlebic mamis iZulebisa da dedis gmobis obi-
eqtebi aRmoCndnen.
somxuri teqsti ufro detalurad aRwers varsqenis
mier Svilebis gamazdeanebis ambavs: àra dascxra ama-
oTa zraxvaTagan, daRacaTu viTarca manqanaÁ raÁme
mtkicisa zRudisagan gare miiqceoda axovnisa misgan.
egreTve Svilnica igi aiZulna uvaris yofad da mogu-
petTa maT mier daimorCilna da madlsa miagebda mefesa
mas sparsTasa, raÁTa umetesi pativi moiRos misgan...~
(abulaZe 1978: 111)
sagulisxmoa, agreTve, romelic Semounaxavs somxur
teqsts da, romelic SuSanikis erT-erTi Svilis wyal-
Si daxrCobis ambavs mogviTxrobs: `maT JamTa oden mo-
iwia SiSi sadaÁTme da Svilni misni wariyvanes cixesa
sadame. mihyvandes raÁ wiaR mtkurisa mdinarisa, erTi
yrmaTagani mdinaresa STavarda da didi gloaÁ ewia
pitiaxSa mas da sofelsa~ (abulaZe 1978: 97). gasaocaria
SuSanikis damokidebuleba am tragikuli faqtis mi-
marT. dedofali `hmadlobda RmerTsa,~ radgan miaCnda,
rom yrmis udroo sikvdili erTgvari gamosavali, xsna
iyo yrmisTvis im gansacdelisagan, sulieri sikvdili-
sagan, romelic gardauvalad moeloda urjulo mamis
xelSi: `daRacaTu ÃorciTa mokuda, garna suliTa gane-
ra sabrÃesa mamisa misisa uvaris myofelisasa. da aw
RmerTsa didebaÁ yovelsa Sina~ (abulaZe 1978: 97).
Svilebis personaJebis Cvenebisas, garda faqtobrivi
masalis warmodgenisa, avtoris mTavari mizadasaxule-
baa kidev erTxel gausvas xazi mowamis uryev nebas,
rwmenas, romelic aRmatebulia dedobriv grZnobazec
ki. amasTan, avtori xazgasmiT gviCvenebs, rom es aRma-
159
teba gulisxmobs tkivilian, eklian, tragizmiT aRsavse
gzas.
amdenad, rogorc vxedavT, Txzulebis saerTo kompo-
ziciur qargaSi SuSanikis Svilebs avtori gamorCeul
adgils uTmobs. isini namdvilad veRar arian dadebiTi
personaJebi, magram verc calsaxad uaryofiT persona-
Jebad ganvixilavT. avtoriseuli SefasebiT, isini tra-
gikuli pirovnebebi arian, radgan dakarges ori yvela-
ze didi mfarveli samyaroSi – deda da RmerTi.
rogoria Tavad mTavari personaJis struqturuli
tipi?
rogorc formaluri (`ÃorciTa Txel~...), ise arsob-
rivi aspeqtebiT (`suliTa ubiwo~) agiografiuli nawar-
moebis mTavari personaJi – wmindani mimsgavsebulia
macxovris xatTan, praqtikulad, agiografiuli nawar-
moebis personaJi macxovris saxis saxe-simboloa. ro-
gorc cnobilia, Sua saukuneebis simbolisturma az-
rovnebam totaluri xasiaTi miiRo da, faqtobrivad,
yvela sferosa da azrovnebis yvela aspeqtSi pova gan-
saxovneba. pirvelad swored agiografiul ZeglebSi
xdeba macxovris saxis, rogorc nimuSis, baZvis obieq-
tis ganzogadeba, obieqtisa, romelic wmindanisaTvis
xdeba ZiriTadi orientiri samoRvaweo asparezze. amas-
Tan, iqmneba garkveuli struqturuli modeli, etalo-
ni, rogorc qristiani moRvawis saxisa, aseve, mTliano-
baSi agiografiuli Janris nawarmoebisa. mociqulebisa
Tu adreuli periodis moRvaweebis mowameobrivi aRsas-
rulis amsaxveli masalebi ara mxolod konkretul in-
formacias gvawvdian, aramed qmnian garkveul orienti-
rebs Semdgomi periodis moRvaweebisaTvis da, praqtiku-
lad, amkvidreben agiografiuli Janris formalur-Sina-
arsobriv tradiciebs.
konkretuli literaturuli tradiciebidan gamomdi-
nare, romlebic im droisaTvis ukve arsebobda mwerlo-
baSi, wmindanis saxes mkacrad gansazRvruli struqtu-
ra aqvs. vizualuri da Sinaarsobrivi aq erT mTliano-
bas warmoadgens da konkretul mizans – wmindanobis,
mowameobis arsis Cvenebas emsaxureba. Cvens SemTxvevaSi,
garegnul portretze aqcentireba naklebad xdeba, Tum-
160
ca, mcire StrixebiT avtori migvaniSnebs gamxdar, naz
arsebaze, romlisTvisac ucxoa gaWirveba da tkivili
da amgvari xazgasmiT kidev metad amkveTrebs mis
Rvawls.
TvisebaTa erToblioba – Rrmad morwmune, principu-
li, pirdapiri, mizanmimarTuli... _ Cven winaSe warmo-
aCens personaJis struqturul tips, romelic sruli
gansaxovnebaa qristiani mowamis ideologiuri arsisa.
magram aq Semodis kidev erTi, da Zalian mniSvnelovani
Strixi – mowamis adamianuri bunebis warmoCena-xaz-
gasma. SuSaniki qalia, romelic zogjer erTgvar qa-
lur sisustes avlens, wuxs fizikuri silamazis udro-
od dakargvis gamo, dastiris sakuTar axalgazrdobas
da ibadeba kiTxva: xom ar irRveva personaJis tipis is
struqtura, konstruqcia, romelic unda hqondes wmin-
danis mxatvrul saxes? Tu SevecdebiT CavwvdeT avto-
ris mizandasaxulobas personaJis am kuTxiT warmoCeni-
sas, cxadi xdeba, rom amgvari formiT avtori migvaniS-
nebs, rac Znelad dasaTmens daiTmens wmindani, rac Zne-
lad gasacems gascems, miT met Rvawls moiRvawebs da
RvTisTvis miT ufro saTno iqneba gaRebuli msxverpli.
amasTan, nebismieri gansacdelisaTvis wmindani madlo-
bas swiravs RmerTs da morCilebiT iRebs mas, rogorc
morig gamocdas. amgvari pasaJebi identuria saxarebi-
dan geTsemaniis baRis epizodisa.
avtoriseuli koncefciiT, movlena ar qmnis wmin-
dans, is ubralod warmoaCens imas, rac obieqturad ar-
sebobs da jer ar gamovlenila.
SuSaniki gacilebiT adre daadga wmindanobis gzas,
vidre varsqeni pirvelad awamebda mas. varsqenis gamaz-
deanebis gageba, praqtikulad, SuSanikis gadawyvetile-
bis safuZvelia. movlenebis ganviTarebis amgvar SesaZ-
leblobaze ki, aSkarad Cans, dedofals manamdec ara-
erTgzis ufiqria.
SuSanikis personaJs avtori warmoadgens mTlianoba-
Si: istoriuli konteqstiT (romelic, savaraudod, uf-
ro vrceli unda yofiliyo), pirovnuli ganviTarebis
etapebiT: bavSobidanve RvTismoSiSi, dedoflis pativi-
Ta da didebiT aRsavse cxovreba, meuRlis gamazdeaneba
161
– Zireuli socialur-fsiqologiuri gardatexa _ da
gza martvilisa vidre saboloo mowamebriv aRsasrulamde;
personaJis ganviTareba mTlianad orientirebulia fun-
damentur arsze. es aris is, rac ar icvleba. SuSanikis
pirovneba yalibdeba am Zireul arsTan mimarTebaSi. Se-
saZloa, pirovnebis Sinaganma wonasworobam mcire rye-
vebi ganicados, magram ara – mniSvnelovani da arsebi-
Ti, radgan personaJis sazrissa da sulis mdgomare-
obas gansazRvravs ara movlena, SemTxveviToba, sxvaTa
zewola, aramed – misive rwmena da nebeloba. amitomac
mowameobrivi gza, romelic SuSanikma sakuTar Tavs da-
usaxa, varsqenis gamazdeanebis logikur-adekvaturi pasuxia.
avtoris mizania, konkretuli poziciis ganzogadebis
miRweva. ramdenadac avtorisaTvis amosavali qristi-
anuli ideologiaa, imdenad cdilobs igi individu-
aluri da konkretuli zogadSi gadazardos – Seuqmnas
mkiTxvels Sesabamisi fsiqologiuri ganwyoba, gamoiw-
vios sasurveli esTetikuri reaqcia. Tumca, SuSanikis
personaJi konkretuli ideisa da simbolos gansxeule-
baa, magram igi oden idea da simbolo ar aris. mwera-
li scildeba CarCoebs, arRvevs agiografi avtorisaT-
vis dadgenil zRvars, dagvanaxebs personaJis sulis
imgvar mdgomareobasac (sificxe, wuxili misi amqveyni-
uri mSvenierebis damdablebis gamo, qaluri sisustis
gamovlinebis sxva pasaJebi...), romlebic matrvilis sa-
xeSi individs gvagulisxmebinebs, anu avtori ar kar-
gavs imas, vinc ideis, simbolos, teqstis miRma dgas.
tipi personaJisa, romelsac iakobi gvixatavs qvemo
qarTlis pitiaxSis, varsqenis, saxiT, imgvarad aris
konstruirebuli, rom, rac SeiZleba metad gausvas xa-
zi SuSanikis, rogorc znesruli, idealuri personaJis
mxatvrul saxes. praqtikulad, varsqenis personaJis
sruli kontrastuloba qmnis maqsimalurad mkveTr
fons martvilis saxis warmosaCenad.
arsebiTi maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic varsqenis suli-
er mdgomareobasa da mis qmedebebs ganapirobeben, anu
qmnian mis fsiqotips, aris ampartavneba, pativmoyvare-
oba da sixarbe. is meryevi da gauwonasworebeli
pirovnebaa.
162
varsqenma kidec miiRo gadawyvetileba (sparseTis Sah-
Tan politikuri aliansis Sekvra, romlis gamyarebasac
sarwmunoebrivi erTobiTa da naTesauri kavSiriT cdi-
lobs) da kidec Seasrula is SuSanikTan gaziarebisa
da SeTanxmebis gareSe. amdenad, is, erTi SexedviT, er-
Tpirovnuli, mtkice nebis adamiani Cans. magram, Tu mis
qmedebas davukvirdebiT, davinaxavT, rom ase ar aris.
varsqens kargad aqvs gacnobierebuli am nabijis amora-
lizmi da uzneoba, xvdeba, rogori iqneba mTlianad sa-
zogadoebisa da SuSanikis reaqcia am qmedebis mimarT,
amitom cdilobs daZabulobis Serbilebas, erideba
SuSanikTan pirispir Sexvedras (jer msaxuri gamoug-
zavna da Soridan moikiTxa, Semdeg, purobis Jams jo-
jiki da misi coli moiwvia), ar surs pirdapir mivides
sasaxleSi, Cerdeba hereTis sazRvarTan da iq ibarebs
msaxurebsa da Svilebs, erideba sasuliero pirebTan
Tavis uzneo qmedebaze pirdapir saubars (àw nuras me-
ridebiT me da nucaRa gZag...~ Zeglebi 1964: 14), TiTqos
imis Tqmas cdilobs, rom misi qmedeba oden formalu-
ri uaryofaa qristesi, iZulebiTa da politikuri auci-
leblobiT ganpirobebuli. guliT ki isev qristiania
da amitomac misi damokidebuleba qristiani sasuliero
pirebis mimarT ar Secvlila... magram amgvarad ver fiq-
roben sulieri mamebi, isini zust da adekvatur defi-
nicias aZleven varsqenis qmedebas: `warswymide Tavi Se-
ni da Cvenca wargvwymiden!~ (Zeglebi 1964: 14)
Cans, varsqenisTvis advili ar iyo gadawyvetilebis
miReba. man didi sulieri mRelvarebis gza ganvlo, vid-
re arsebul alternativebs Soris arCevans gaakeTebda.
misi sulieri mRelvareba da am mRelvarebis motivacia
mxedvelobidan ar gamorCenia SuSaniks, amas mowmobs
dedoflis SfoTva: èvedrebin yovelTave locvis-yo-
fad misTÂs. raჲ Tamca cvala igi RmerTman saxisa misgan
ugunurebisa da iqmnamca gonierebasa qristessa~ (Zegle-
bi 1964: 11). varsqenis cnobierebisaTvis imTaviTve cxadi
iyo am alternativebis zneobriv-moraluri aspeqtebi, mag-
ram, rogorc Cans, imedi imisa, rom viTarebis marTvasa
da kontrols moaxerxebda, mainc hqonda. imedgacrueba
ki mas wonasworobas akargvinebs. Tumca mimxvdaria,
163
rom mrisxaneba, ojaxuri drama, dapirispireba dedo-
falTan, misi wameba, romelic mTeli sazogadoebis Tval-
win xdeba, misi politikuri miznebis ganxorcielebas ki-
dev metad SeuSlis xels, magram emociebs veRar akon-
trolebs. avtori qmnis calsaxad uaryofiT personaJs,
Tumca siuJetis zogierTi Strixi mkiTxvels saSuale-
bas aZlevs dainaxos tragikuli, sakuTari namoqmeda-
riT SeZrwunebuli personaJi, romelsac yvela sadave
xelidan gausxlta da, romlis qmedebac sasowarkveTi-
li da ganwiruli adamianis qmedebas emsgavseba. man Ta-
vad gamoutana ganaCeni sakuTar Tavs, igi Tavad aris
sakuTari tragizmis Semomqmedi. amdenad, avtoriseuli
poziciiT, iRupeba is, vinc Ralatobs mrwamssa da zne-
obriv Rirebulebebs, mxolod is moipovebs saukuno
gansasvenebelsa da sulis simSvides, vinc WeSmaritebis
erTgulebas SeZlebs nebismier fasad.
nawarmoebSi avtori yvelgan Cans da yovelTvis ig-
rZnoba, igi Zalian aqtiuria. aramxolod sakuTar pozi-
cias gvTavazobs, sxvadasxva mxatvruli formiT gamoxa-
tuls (`movida mgeli igi,~ `viTarca mჴ eci mZÂnvarÀ, yi-
oda da izaxda, viTaca cofi,~ `varqu me sanatrelsa
mas,~ `vixile tarigi igi qristesi Suenierad, viTarca
sZali, Semkuli sakrvelTa maTgan...~), aramed _ sakuTar
Sefasebebsa da interpretaciebsac. avtori sparsi kacis
Sesaxeb SeniSnavs: `zraxviTa iyo igi varsqenisiTa da
zakuviT ityoda amas da unda monadirebaÁ netarisa
mis~ (Zeglebi 1964: 14), vrcel msjelobas warmoadgens
imis asaxnelad, Tu ramdenad winaaRmdegobrivia misi
Tanadrouli kulturul-istoriuli da socialuri kon-
teqstisaTvis varsqenis moqmedeba: `xolo amis ubadru-
kisa da samgzis sawyalobelisa varsqenisi, viTarme vin
Tquas yovlad ganwirulisaÁ, viTar-igi ganagdo sanat-
reli sasoebaÁ qristesi, anu vin ara stirodis mas, ro-
melsa arca Wiri exilva, arca SiSi, arca maxÂli, arca
pyrobilebaÁ qristesTÂs?! rameTu raJams wardga igi
winaSe sparsTa mefisa, ara Tu pativisa moRebisaTvis,
aramed ZRunad Tavsa TÂssa SeswirÂda mefisa mis mi-
marT, uvaris-yofiTa WeSmaritisa RmrTisaÁTa da Tayu-
anis-scemda cecxlsa, rameTu yoveliTkerZove Tavi
164
TÂsi qristeÁsgan ganagdo~ (Zeglebi 1964: 11), kategori-
ulia varsqenis sulieri mdgomareobis Sefasebisas: `da
viTar moiwia aRvsebisa orSabaTi da movida pitiaxSi
brZolisa misgan honTaÁsa, eSmaki Txrida gulsa missa...~
(Zeglebi 1964: 19).
mkiTxveli avtoris xedvis kuTxidan akvirdeba mov-
lenebis ganviTarebas. xolo avtoris monaTxrobis da-
majereblobasa da utyuarobas gansazRvravs is garemo-
eba, rom igi dedoflis mesaidumle, fiqrTa da gancda-
Ta Tanaziaria. misi pozicia mkveTria da calsaxa. pa-
saJebi muqi tonebiTaa Seferadebuli, intonacia – tra-
gizmiT gajerebuli...
amdenad avtori mxolod movlenaTa gadmocemiT ver
Semoifargleba, radgan Tavadac movlenaTa ganviTare-
bis SuagulSi dgas. ganviTarebuli drama masac imde-
nad exeba, ramdenadac SuSanikis tkivili, Seqmnili tra-
gikuli mdgomareoba gaTavisebuli aqvs. iakobisa da
SuSanikis urTierToba erTmaneTze zrunvis, Tanadgo-
mis, Tanagancdisa da gaziarebis nimuSia. nawarmoebSi
ver vxedavT, rom iakobs sxva, ufro mniSvnelovani sat-
kivari da sazrunavi hqondes, vidre wamebuli dedof-
lis bedi, misi sulieri Tu fizikuri mdgomareobaa. im-
denad Rrmaa da usazRvro iakobis wuxili nawamebi de-
doflis mdgomareobis gamo, rom SuSaniki iqiT cdi-
lobs atirebuli moZRvris damSvidebas: „nu stir Cem-
TÂs, rameTu dasabam sixarulisa iqmna Cemda RamÀ ese“
(Zeglebi 1964: 18).
xucesi Tavadac TavganwirviT cdilobs dedoflis
mdgomareobis Semsubuqebas da amaves moiTxovs sxvebis-
ganac: ùbadruko, ara misi ganzrdili xara? da Tuca
mokglas Sen misTÂs, raÁ ars?~ _ eubneba igi SuSanikis
mcvels, romelic varsqenis SiSiT ver bedavs iakobis
daxmarebas (Zeglebi 1964: 18).
araerTgzis SeniSnula, rom avtoriseuli stili mar-
tivia da ubralo, winadadebaTa konstruqcia daxvewi-
li da sada. Txroba sxartia, moqnili, lakonuri. Txro-
bis dinamiurobis efeqtisaTvis avtori xSirad mimar-
Tavs dialogebs... moqmedebas warmogvidgens ara moma-
bezrebeli detalebis aRweriT, aramed arsebiTi Stri-
165
xebiTa da Sedegebis gadmocemiT. ra Tqma unda, Znelia
teqstSi daculi enobrivi qsovilis mixedviT avtorise-
ul enaze msjeloba, radgan Cven xelT ar gvaqvs V sa-
ukunis xelnaweri da, miT umetes, arc avtoriseuli av-
tografi, magram, vfiqrobT, stilur maxasiaTeblebs ga-
damwerTa xelSi mniSvnelovani cvlileba ar unda
ganecada.
didi xnis ganmavlobaSi agiografi avtorebi arCev-
dnen eweraT anonimurad, ar gaemxilad vinaoba... saki-
Txis mimarT amgvari damokidebuleba ganpirobebuli
iyo TviTdamdablebis motiviT, romelic ara mxolod
agiografiuli, zogadad, saRvTismetyvelo teqstebis
avtorebs axasiaTebdaT. Tuki avtori mainc asaxelebda
sakuTar vinaobas, amas erTgvari mobodiSebiT akeTebda
da Txzulebis daweris survils sakuTari arasrulfa-
sovnebiT, naklulevanebiT xsnida... amgvari xasiaTis in-
formacia ZiriTadad ganTavsebuli iyo Txzulebis da-
sawyisSi (mogvianebiT gvxvdeboda anderZ-minawerebSic.
nimuSad SegviZlia gavixsenoT efrem mciris anderZebi),
agiografi avtorebi yovelTvis xazs usvamdnen gmiris
gansakuTrebulobas, gamorCeulobas da iqve SeniSnav-
dnen, rom maTi adamianuri SesaZleblobebi wmindanis
Rvawlis aRsawerad sakmarisi ar iyo, isini namdvilad
ver SeZlebdnen ambis srulad gadmocemas da wmindanis
Rvawlis jerovnad aRweras, magram garkveuli aucileb-
lobidan gamomdinare bedavdnen amis gakeTebas. Tavis-
Tavad cxadia, rom amgvar saqmes xels mxolod ganaT-
lebuli da wignieri adamiani mohkidebda, romelic, imav-
droulad, dajildoebuli iyo SemoqmedebiTi niWiT. am-
gvari viTareba gvaqvs `SuSanikis wamebis~ SemTxvevaSi.
praqtikulad, nawarmoebi (ra formiTac man Cvenamde
moaRwia) anonimuria da, rom ara cnobili pasaJi, ro-
melSic varsqenis mier gamogzavnili msaxuri uxmobs
iakobs, nawarmoebis avtoris saxelic ar gvecodineboda.
Txzuleba arqiteqtonikis TvalsazrisiT mwyobri da
Tanmimdevrulia. movlenaTa ganviTarebas avtori qro-
nologiuri mimdevrobiT gvTavazobs. magram, udavoa,
rom avtoriseul teqsts (an am nawarmoebs srulad, an
sxva nawarmoebs) Cvenamde ar mouRwevia.
166
aRniSnul sakiTxze araerT mecniers gamouTqvams mo-
sazreba. iv. javaxiSvili varaudobda, rom teqsts aklia
`mTeli pirveli, SuSanikis cxovrebis momTxrobeli~ na-
wili (javaxiSvili 1980: 64), k. kekeliZes dasaSvebad mi-
aCnda, rom iakob curtavels dawerili hqonda wmida
SuSanikisadmi miZRvnili sxva nawarmoebi, _ `romelSic
SuSanikis Sesaxeb gakvriT iyo laparaki~, Semdeg ki axa-
li nawarmoebi dawera, sadac `sagangebod an damtkice-
biT [...] aRwera misi martviloba~ (kekeliZe 1980: 115).
nawili mecnierebisa (s. gorgaZe, g. kuWuxiZe da sxv.)
`SuSanikis wamebas,~ àbos wamebis~ msgavsad, dakveTiT
dawerilad miiCneven da Tvlian, rom nawarmoebs unda
hqonoda wamZRvarebuli epistoles msgavsi Sesavali, ro-
melSic, garda damkveT pirTan mimowerisa, SuSanikis
bavSvobazec iqneboda saubari. `rogorc Cans, saeklesio
praqtikaSi iakob curtavelis epistoles kiTxva ar iyo
tradiciad Camoyalibebuli, liturgiaze mas yovelTvis
ar kiTxulobdnen, _ esec unda iyos erT-erTi mizezi
imisa, rom SemdgomSi epistole aRar gadaiweres da
`wmida SuSanikis martvilobam~ Cvenamde Sesavlis gare-
Se moaRwia~ (kuWuxiZe 2007: 19). sainteresoa, rom avtori
Tavisi mosazrebis argumentad lukas saxarebis kompo-
ziciur Taviseburebas iSveliebs: `Txrobis es wesi Ta-
vad saxarebaSia gamoyenebuli _ luka maxarebeli saxa-
rebis dasawyisSi RmrTismoyvared moxseniebul Teofi-
les mimarTavs, Teofiles uambobs uflis Sesaxeb, mag-
ram, cxadia, saxareba mxolod misTvis ki ara, _ mTeli
qristianuli samyaros gasagonad iwereba...~ (kuWuxiZe
2007: 18).
vfiqrobT, mosazreba namdvilad sagulisxmoa, magram
davakvirdeT teqsts: mTavari personaJis warmodgenisas
zogadad sityvauxvi avtori mxolod gakvriT da oriode
fraziT gvesaubreba wmindanis gamorCeul bavSvobaze
(siymawvileze saerTod araferia naTqvami), radgan am sa-
kiTxebze man ukve isaubra da naTqvamis gameoreba saWi-
rod aRar miaCnia (`viTarca igi vTquT...~). amave mizeziT
aixsneba is, rom iakob curtaveli arc RmerTs mimar-
Tavs Semweobis saTxovnelad, roca is xels hkidebs wa-
mebuli dedoflis Rvawlis aRweras (es garemoeba miT
167
ufro alogikuria, ramdenadac avtori sasuliero piria)
da arc agiografi avtorisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tav-
mdablobiT ibodiSebs mkiTxvelis winaSe. rogorc vxe-
davT, nawarmoebi iwyeba pirdapir ambis TxobiT, amasTan,
es ambavi ar exeba uSualod personaJs, mkiTxvelis xed-
vis speqtrSi moqceulia qarTlis moRalate pitiaxSi –
varsqeni da mTavari moqmedi personaJi Cvens win pirve-
lad warmodgeba, rogorc misi meuRle _ `da colad mi-
sa iyo asuli vardanisi, somexTa spaÁpetisa...~ (Zeglebi
1964: 11). Zeglis Janrobrivi specifikidan gamomdinare,
esec uCveuloa da ganamtkicebs teqstis Tavnaklulobis
Sesaxeb zemoT gamoTqmul Tvalsazriss.
n. janaSias miTiTebiT (am azrs Tavisi mosazrebis
gasamyareblad imeorebs T. WilaZec werilSi iakob
curtavelis `SuSanikis wameba~), antoniseul redaqci-
aSi anton kaTalikosma winadadebidan `SuSaniki iyo mo-
SiSi RmrTisaÁ, viTarca igi vTquT, siyrmiTgan TÂsiT~
Zeglebi 1964: 11), saerTod amoiRo fraza, radgan igi
gvian Camatebulad miiCnia. amgvarad, zogierTi mkvleva-
ris daskvniT, nawarmoebis dasawyisi (iyo...) avtoris
stiluri maxasiaTeblis maCvenebelia da ara _ teqsto-
logiuri naklulevanebisa (janaSia 1975: 57).
vfiqrobT, msjeloba aSkarad moklebulia logikas.
interpolatorebis mier teqstis gavrcobas SeiZleba
hqondes ideologiur-politikuri anda emociuri safuZ-
veli. am SemTxvevaSi am frazas, rogorc vxedavT, am
funqciebidan arc erTi ar SeiZleba daekisros. igi, ub-
ralod, avtoriseuli qmedebis erT aspeqts azustebs.
zemoT SevniSnavdiT, rom pirvelad swored agiogra-
fiul ZeglebSi xdeba macxovris saxis, rogorc nimu-
Sis, baZvis obieqtis ganzogadeba.
amasTan, agiograf avtorTa ZiriTadi orientiri un-
da yofiliyo saRvTismetyvelo azrovneba da, umTavre-
sad, ra Tqma unda, biblia, radgan agiografiuli nawar-
moebis Seqmnis principi, ideur-formaluri aspeqtiT,
bibliis (saxarebis) tipologiur analogs gulisxmobda.
amdenad, Tu am TvalsazrisiT ganvixilavT, agiogra-
fiuli nawarmoebis arqiteqtonikac saxarebis struqtu-
rul-kompociziuri Taviseburebis simboluri msgavseba-
168
ganmeorebaa da agiografiuli Zeglis struqturis gene-
zisis sakiTxis ganxilvisas am TvalsazrisiT unda
vixelmZRvaneloT.
gavixsenoT, ra konkretuli struturul-kompozici-
uri Tavisebureba axasiaTebs saxarebis teqsts:
• saxarebiseuli pirveli Tavi mkiTxvels macxovris
genealogiis Sesaxeb esaubreba, moTxrobilia macxov-
ris saswaulebrivi Casaxvisa da Sobis ambavi.
• amis Semdeg periodi, vidre macxovris moRvawe-
obis dawyebamde, ar Cans. Txrobis arsebiTi wili mo-
dis moRvaweobis gadmocemaze, romelic gamocdiT iwye-
ba da, praqtikulad, mTeli periodi amqveynad yofnisa,
aris mzadeba tkivilisaTvis, jvarcmisaTvis. am konteq-
stSi mniSvnelovania geTsamaniis epizodis gaxsneba,
romelic xazs usvams mosalodneli tanjvis simZimesa
da mama RmerTis nebis aRsrulebisaTvis mzaobas, rac
gamoxmaurebas povebs agiografiul ZeglebSic. Txroba
gajerebulia saswaulebis gadmocemiT, saswauli, ro-
gorc uflis materialuri gamovlinebis forma, uci-
lobeli atributia agiografiuli ZeglisaTvis da
uflis mier adamiani wmindanad gamorCevis erTgvari
dasturia.
• jvarcma – xorcieli sikvdili da aRdgoma _ su-
lis aRzeveba, sikvdilis Zleva.
adrebizantiuri xanis agiografiul Zeglebs axlavs
vrceli wanamZRvari, romelSic avtori mimarTavs
RmerTs, sTxovs mas Semweobas am rTul da saTuo saq-
meSi, erTgvarad ebodiSeba mkiTxvels sakuTari àmpar-
tavnebis~ gamo, amis Semdeg saubrobs mTavari gmiris
warmomavlobaze, gansakuTrebul bavSvobaze, RvTismo-
saobaze, Semecnebisaken, codnis SeZenisaken swrafvaze
da meZiebel gonebaze... moRvaweobis aRwerisas avtori
iyenebs pasaJebs, romlebic, erTi mxriv, gajerebulia
sirTuleebiT, raTa gadmogvces wmindanis Rvawlis sim-
Zime, da, meore mxriv, saswaulebiT, raTa gviCvenos, Tu
raoden saTnoa RvTisaTvis misi Rvawli...
Tuki miviCnevT, rom nawarmoebis arqiteqtonika kon-
kretuli kanonzomierebidan gamomdinareobs, maSin ara
169
savaraudod, dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom `SuSa-
nikis wamebis~ teqsti Tavnaklulia da dakargul monak-
veTSi saubari unda yofiliyo swored im Tematikaze,
romlis arsebobac kompoziciis xarvezs gaasworebda –
vrceli Sesavali, RmerTisadmi mimarTva, Semweobis Txov-
na; bunebrivi iqneboda, rom avtors vrclad esaubra
wmindanis genealogiis, gamorCeuli warmomavlobis Se-
saxeb (miT ufro, rom am mxriv saTqmeli avtors namdvi-
lad eqneboda – mamikonianTa gvari erT-erTi warCine-
bulTagani iyo somxeTSi), gamorCeuli bavSvobisa da
siymawvilis Sesaxeb. Tuki vigulisxmebT, rom kompozi-
ciis es Tavisebureba ara avtoriseuli stilis, aramed
xelnaweris dazianebis Sedegia, maSin TvalsaCino
gaxdeba `SuSanikis wamebisa~ da adrebizantiuri agiog-
rafiuli Zeglebis msgavseba kompoziciuri TvalsazrisiT.
amdenad, `SuSanikis wamebis,~ iseve, rogorc sxva qar-
Tuli agiografiuli Zeglebis, struqturul-kompozi-
ciuri saxe ar aris originaluri, misi arqetipi saxare-
bis struqturuli saxea.
siuJetis struqturas avtori imgvarad agebs, rom,
rac SeiZleba, cxadad gviCvenos ama Tu im personaJis
struqturuli tipis ara mxolod ZiriTadi konstruq-
cia, aramed metad gamokveTos mTavari personaJebis
konkretul-individualuri maxasiaTeblebic, maTi su-
lieri mdgomareoba, am mdgomareobis gamomwvevi faqto-
rebi. am mizniT avtori xSirad mimarTavs garemos kon-
teqstis Cvenebas. Txrobis dasawyisi (ìyo, mervesa wel-
sa sparsTa mefisasa, karad samefod waremarTa varsqen
pitiaxSi, ZÀ arSuSaÁsi, rameTu pirvel igica iyo qris-
tiane, naSobi mamisa da dedisa qristianeTaÁ~ (Zeglebi
1964: 11) mkiTxvels ukve uCens imis molodins, rom
varsqenis gamgzavreba ubralo viziti ar aris mezo-
bel, arakeTilmosurne sparseTSi, es viziti movlene-
bis Semdgomi ganviTarebis safuZvelia. mkiTxvelis mo-
lodins kidev ufro amZafrebs SuSanikis winaTgrZnoba:
`da ukeTurebisa mis saxisa qmrisa misisaÁsa maradis
guls-etyÂn da evedrebin yovelTave locvis-yofad mis-
TÂs. raÁTamca cvala igi RmerTman saxisa misgan ugunu-
rebisa da iqmnamca gonierebasa qristessa~ (Zeglebi
170
1964: gv. 11). erTgvarad ganmartavs da xsnis garemos kon-
teqsts Tavad avtoris calsaxa da mkveTrad uaryofiTi
damokidebuleba varsqenis personaJis mimarT. qvemo
qarTlis pitiaxSi iakob xucesisaTvis ùbadruki da
samgzis sawyalobelia,~ radgan man qristianoba uaryo,
amasTan, es gankerZoebuli pirovnebis damokidebuleba
ki ara, sazogadoebrivi azria.
monakveTi, romelSic avtori aRwers varsqenisa da
sparseTis Sahis Sexvedris scenas, sakmaod dinamikuri
da informaciulia. praqtikulad, am monakveTSi iakob
xucesi iZleva varsqenis personaJis struqturuli ti-
pis arsebiT saxes da Semdegi pasaJebi, personaJis qme-
debaTa aRwera, am saxis Sevseba-gamTlianebas da sxva-
dasxva rakursiT warmoCenas xmardeba.
im garemos konteqstis Cveneba, romelic xvdeba spar-
seTidan mobrunebul varsqens _ `gandgomili~ coli da
ganawyenebuli sasuliero pirebi _ avtoriseuli pozi-
ciis ganvrcoba-ganmtkicebas warmoadgens.
purobis Jams SuSaniki ara mxolod dedoflis, ara-
med, zogadad, qalisTvis Seuferebel sificxesa da
TavdauWerlobas avlens. misi qmedeba rom gasakviri da
ucnauri ar iyos mkiTxvelisaTvis, avtori mTel rig
pasaJebs waumZRvarebs win am monakveTs, aRwers, rogor
midian varsqenis wargzavnilebi dedofalTan, rogor
abezreben Tavs sasaxleSi dabrunebis TxovniT, rogor
cdilobs SuSaniki maT gadarwmunebas, gvesmis atirebu-
li dedoflis xma: „ufalo RmerTo, Sen uwyi, viTarmed
me guliTad sikudild mival...“ (Zeglebi 1964: 16) da
mkiTxveli zustad xvdeba, ra Sinagani ganwyobilebiT
midis dedofali purobaze, misi sificxe misi mZafri
sulieri mdgomareobis gamoxatulebaa da ara _ xasi-
aTis Tviseba, mis nebelobaze Zaladobis protestia, mi-
marTuli moZaladisaken, romelic misive meuRlea. jo-
jikis coli im konkretul momentSi SemTxveviTi adami-
ania, sruliad udanaSaulo da keTilganwyobili de-
doflis mimarT, romlisTvis zianis miyeneba arc SuSa-
niks surda. ra Tqma unda, varsqeni zustad igebs pro-
testis arssa da mimarTulebas, amitomac aseTi mZafri
da zRvargadasulia misi sapasuxo reaqcia. es aris pir-
171
veli wamebis aqti, romelic SuSanikisa da varsqenis,
rogorc meuRleebis, oficialuri ganSorebiT mTavrde-
ba (SuSanikisagan varsqenisaTvis samkaulebis dabruneba).
dedoflis meored wamebas win uZRvis didi marxva,
romelsac SuSaniki eklesiis maxloblad mdebare se-
nakSi gaatarebs. am SemTxvevaSi garemos konteqstis
funqcia swored am epizods ekisreba. avtori gviCve-
nebs, ramdenad gamaRizianebelia varsqenisTvis dedof-
lis qmedeba, vxvdebiT, rom igi agresias veRar malavs,
albaT, amitomac `hrqua vinme pitiaxSsa sakuTarman mis-
man, viTarmed: „amaT wmidaTa marxvaTa nu ras ertyÂ
mas“ (Zeglebi 1964: 19). xolo aRvsebis orSabaTs mki-
Txveli xedavs cnobaareul, daundobel pitiaxSs, rome-
lic kontrols veRar uqvemdebarebs emocias, ara mxo-
lod aginebs eklesiasa da sasuliero pirebs, fiziku-
radac uswordeba maT: ùxeTqna kuerTxiTa xucessa mas
zurgsa. da man verRara ikadra sityuad,~ _ SeniSnavs
avtori (Zeglebi 1964: 19).
gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa nawarmoebis finali, ro-
desac pitiaxSi mTlianad qreba mkiTxvelis TvalTaxed-
vidan, sazogadoebis yuradRebis centrSi moqceulia
dedofali da misi mowamebrivi aRsasruli. modis mas-
Tan jojiki, Tavisi ojaxis wevrebTan erTad, kurTxevi-
sa da Sendobis misaRebad, `merme Semdgomad jojikisa,
moiwia Tavi igi episkoposTaÁ samovel da ioane epis-
koposi... msgavsad misve saxisa aznaurni did-didni da
zepurni dedani, aznaurni da uaznoni soflisa qar-
Tlisani movides egreTve, romelni-igi gulsmodginebiT
monawile yofil iyvnes SromaTa maT misTa~ (Zeglebi
1964: 27). avtori garemos konteqsts aq warmoaCens ara
mxolod martvilisa da sazogadoebis urTierTobis Cve-
nebiT, aramed mZime garemo klimaturi pirobebis aRwe-
riTac: `Jamsa zafxulisasa cecxlebr Semwueli da
mÃurvalebaÁ mzisaÁ, qarni xorSakni da wyalni mavnebel-
ni, mkÂdrnica mis adgilisani savseni seniTa, wyliTa
gansivebulni da ganyÂTlebulni, dawertilni da dam-
SrSalni da damRierebulni, Caradovanni, pirmsivanni
da dRemokled cxovrebulni, da moxucebuli ara vin
ars maT queyanaTa. da esreTsa mas cixesa Sina equs
172
wel pyrobil iyo da mZimeTa maT sakravelTa Sina adi-
debda RmerTsa~ (Zeglebi 1964: 25).
amdenad, Cven winaSea qarTuli mwerlobis uZvelesi
Zegli. avtorma Seqmna struqturulad mwyobri, maRal-
mxatvruli Txzuleba. miuxedavad imisa, rom teqsti,
rogorc SevniSneT, Tavnaklulia, misi kompoziciuri
mTlianoba ar irRveva. personaJTa struqturul tipebs
avtori warmogvidgens konkretul-individualuri maxa-
siaTeblebiT, igi qmnis cocxal saxeebs, gviCvenebs maT
MmZafr gancdebs. yvela personaJs aqvs konkretulad
gansazRvruli adgili poemis struqturaSi, nawarmo-
ebis fabulac, siuJeturi qargaca da arqiteqtonikac
erT konkretul mizandasaxulobas xmardeba: gamokve-
Tos saxe WeSmariti martvilisa, romelmac SeZlo yve-
lafer miwierze uaris Tqma, da amgvarad avtori cdi-
lobs Tavisi wvlili Seitanos qristianuli ideolo-
giis gamyarebaSi.
damowmebani:
abulaZe 1978: iakob curtaveli. martvilobaÁ SuSanikisi. qar-

Tul-somxuri teqstebi gamosca, gamokvleva, variantebi, leqsiko-
ni da saZieblebi daurTo ilia abulaZem, redaqtori elene
metreveli. Tb.: `mecniereba~, 1978.
kekeliZe 1980: kekeliZe k. Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria.
I, Tb.: `mecniereba~: 1980.
kuWuxiZe 2007: kuWuxiZe g. `wmida SuSanikis martvilobis~ arqeti-
pis aRdgenisaTvis~. // literaturuli Ziebani, XXVIII. Tb.: SoTa rus-
Tavelis qarTuli literaturis institutis gamomcemloba, 2007.
sarjvelaZe 2009: sarjvelaZe z. iakob xucesi da misi Txzuleba.
// Zveli qarTuli literatura. t. III, Tb.: gamocdebis erovnuli
centris gamocema, 2009.
lebi. I, dasabeWdad moamzades il. abulaZem, n. aTaneliSvilma,
n.goguaZem, l. qajaiam, c. qurcikiZem, c. Wankievma da c. jRamaiam
ilia abulaZis xelmZRvanelobiTa da redaqciiT. Tb.: saqarTve-
los ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis gamocema, 1964.
WilaZe 1978: WilaZe T. iakob curtavelis `SuSanikis wameba~. Tb.:
`sabWoTa saqarTvelo,~ 1978.
173
javaxiSvili 1980: javaxiSvili iv. Zveli qarTuli saistorio
mwerloba. wigni I, Tb.: `mecniereba,~ 1980.
janaSia 1975: janaSia n. `SuSanikis wamebis~ antoniseuli redaq-
cia. mravalTavi, № 4, Tb.: `mecniereba,~ 1975.
Nana Mrevlishvili
Structural and Composition Peculiarities of

Iacob Tsurtaveli’s “The Martyrdom of Saint Shushanik”
Summary
We discuss structural and composition peculiarities of the presented

publication which is characteristic for unique monuments of ancient
Georgian literature that is for “Torture of Shushanik” by Iacob
Tsurtaveli. we also make analyses of character arrangement scheme
which consists of three profiles: central character is Shushanik, her
adherents are Iacob and the whole society along with him whereas the
enemies – Pityakshi dealing with Persian shah along with small group of
adherents. We are trying to clear up what place is concessed by the
author to Shushanik’s children in this scheme, analyzing structural types
both of main characters and the author himself. We discuss ordonnance
of the writing. based on typological analyses we can make a conclusion
that structural and composition character of “Torture of Shushanik” as
well as of other Georgian hagiographic writings isn’t original; its
archetype represents structural face of Gospel.
174
saba metreveli
nebis Tavisuflebis problema

`wmida SuSanikis wamebis~ mixedviT
nebis Tavisuflebis sakiTxs centraluri adgili

uWiravs qristianul anTropologiaSi. adamiani aris
xati RvTisa da taZari sulisa wmidisa. radgan es bib-
liuri WeSmaritebaa, nebismieri msjeloba da analizi
efuZneba swored am umTavress, rogorc azrovnebisa da
fiqris safuZvels. qristianoba personificirebuli re-
ligiaa. eklesiis saTaveSi dgas qriste – sruli kaci
da sruli RmerTi, Sesabamisad, RvTis xatad qmnil ada-
mians, ukvdavi sulis matarebels, aqvs moTxovnileba,
Tavisi Tavi meore personaSi dainaxos, oRond umaRle-
si subieqti Sedarebisa aris Tavad uzenaesi. Ppirovneba
sindisia, sindisi ki codvis Zaxilia adamianSi, ro-
gorc filosofosebi ityvian, personaluri braleulo-
bis Zaxili.
adamiani, iseve rogorc RmerTi, pirovnuli arsebaa
da ara brma buneba. amaSia misi, rogorc RvTis xatis,
arsi. `RvTis xati ki ar SeiZleba „naturalizebuli“
anu adamianuri arsebis mxolod erT raime atributad
qceuli iyos. RvTis xatad yofna, pirvel rigSi, pirov-
nul arsebad yofnas, Tavisufal da sakuTar qmedebaze
pasuxismgebel zneobriv arsebad yofnas niSnavs~ (eka-
laZe 2000). saeklesio swavlebiT, pirovneba, anu RvTis
xati adamianSi, aris adamianis Tavisufleba sakuTar
bunebasTan mimarTebiT. RmerTi aris Tavisufleba, man
ineba àraarsisagan arsad moyvaneba~ da Seqmna, safuZ-
veli da arsi misca uxilavs. amasTanave, adamians uboZa
yvelaze mTavari ram _ goneba da Tavisufleba, amitom
yoveli adamiani Tavadaa ufali da mmarTveli sakuTa-
ri Tavisa, igi Tavisufali da SeuzRudavia arCevanSi.
wmida grigol noseli gvaswavlis, rom pirovneba esaa
aucileblobis kanonebisagan gaTavisufleba da bunebis
batonobisagan Tavis daRweva, esaa sakuTari Tavis Ta-
visufali TviTgamorkvevis SesaZlebloba (ekalaZe 2000).
175
adamiani codviskenaa midrekili. amdenad, Tavisuf-
leba unda gaviazroT ara rogorc `mindas~ tyveobaSi
yofna da sakuTari survilebis dakmayofileba, aramed
amisgan gaTavisufleba (Seadare kirkegorTan gamoyofi-
li adamianis cxovrebis etapebi: don Juani, sokrate da
abraami). Tavisufleba aris srulyofilebisaken swraf-
va _ werda z. kakabaZe (kakabaZe 1988: 49). Aadamianis
upirvelesi misia mainc WeSmaritebis Secnobaa da, ro-
gorc mociquli brZanebs: `scaniT WeSmariti da WeSma-
ritebam gangaTavisuflnes Tquen~ (in. 8,32).Aamdenad,
adamianis funqcia, misi uzenaesi mizani is aris, rom
emsgavsos ufals, saTnoebaTa kibeze miiwevdes srulyo-
filebisaken!
marTalia, adamiani, rogorc sulier-sxeulebrivi ar-
seba, ganpirobebulia sakuTari temperamentiT, xasiaTiT,
genetikiT, socialur-fsiqikuri garemoTi, magram misi
WeSmariti arsi, misi pirovneba pirvel arsTan wilnaya-
ria da qvecnobierad mainc misken miiswrafvis. SeiZle-
ba iTqvas, rom adamiani maSinaa Tavisufali, roca is
Tavis ufalTanaa. sityva `Tavisufleba~ imas gulis-
xmobs, rom sakuTari Tavis ufali, batoni xar da unda
SeZlo marTo da sworad warmarTo Seni wili cxovreba.
Tavisuflebis mizani, rogorc wmida grigol RvTis-
metyveli ambobs, imaSi mdgomareobs, rom sikeTe sinam-
dvileSi ekuTvnis imas, vinc mas irCevs. ùfals ar
surs darCes Tavis mier qmnili sikeTis mesakuTred. mas
surs, adamianma Segnebulad miiRos sakuTari buneba da
Tavisuflad flobdes mas, viTarca sikeTes~ (ekalaZe
2000).
gageba Tavisuflebisa mniSvnelobaTa sakmaod didi
mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva, romelTagan sams gamoh-
yofs a. osipovi: pirveli metafizikuria, roca Tavisuf-
lebaSi igulisxmeba kacobrivi bunebis erT-erTi yvela-
ze fundamenturi Tviseba _ nebis Tavisufleba, rome-
lic gamoixateba pirovnebis Sinagani TviTgamorkveviT
sikeTisa da borotebis winaSe. nebis Tavisufleba im
Tvisebas warmoadgens, romlis dakargvas pirovneba
srul degradaciamde mihyavs. qristianuli swavlebiT,
adamianis am Tavisuflebaze aravin uflobs: arc sxva
176
adamiani, arc sazogadoeba, arc kanonebi, arc nebismi-
eri mTavroba, arc demonebi, arc angelozebi da arc
TviT RmerTi! magram, roca pirovnebis nebis socialur
garemoSi CarTva da adaptacia unda moxdes, igi uamrav
SezRudvas awydeba. ase warmoiqmneba adamianis garegani
Tavisuflebisa da uflebaTa problema, anu problema
(kanoniT, CveulebebiT, sazogadoebrivi moraliT) neba-
darTuli saqcielisa garemomcvel samyaroSi, sazoga-
doebaSi. mesame kategoria _ es aris sulieri Tavisuf-
leba. igi niSnavs adamianis uflobas sakuTar egoiz-
mze, vnebebze, codvil grZnobebze, survilebze _ Tavis-
save Tavze. aseTi Tavisufleba moipoveba mxolod swo-
ri qristianuli cxovrebiT, romliTac qristians RmerT-
Tan urTierTobis unari eniWeba, amitomac wers mociqu-
li pavle: `...sadac aris suli uflisa, iqvea Tavisuf-
leba~ (2 kor. 3, 17) (osipovi 2002).
wmida ioane RvTismetyvelis mixedviT: `codva aris
usjuloeba~ (1 in. 3, 4). magram yoveli Semcode codvis
monaa (in. 8, 34), _ aseTia erT-erTi yvelaze seriozuli
aqsioma qristianuli fsiqologiisa. amis kvalobaze
ganvixiloT `wmida SuSanikis wamebis~ siuJeti da misi
umTavresi sakiTxi _ varsqenis gamazdeaneba da dedof-
lis gandgoma meuRlisagan.
sparseTidan dabrunebulma varsqenma sasuliero pi-
rebi daibara, sixaruliT Seegeba da ganacxada: „aw nu-
ras meridebiT me da nucaRa gZag“ (Zeglebi 1964: 14). am
droisaTvis pitiaxSs Tavis saqcielze SuSanikis reaq-
cia „vinme sparsisgan“ ukve Setyobili hqonda. iakobis
maxvil mzeras ar gamohparvia varsqenis gaiZveruli to-
ni. „aw nuras meridebiT...“ imazec mianiSnebs, rom igi
Tavs damnaSaved ar grZnobs. damnaSave sxvaa – konkre-
tulad, SuSaniki. „nucaRa gZag“ – qveynis mmarTveli-
sagan ucnauri ganacxadia, Tumca Znelia imis dajereba,
rom es „mowinaaRmdegis gadmobirebis cdaa“ (jorbenaZe
1997: 160). albaT, amiT pitiaxSi TanagrZnobas ufro iTx-
ovda. piriqiT ki moxda. xucesebma is danaSaulSi amxi-
les: „warswymide Tavi Seni da Cvenca warguwymiden“
(Zeglebi 1964: 14). varsqenma pasuxi unda agos ara marto
sakuTari Tavis, aramed maT winaSec. „sakmarisia odnavi
177
SewinaaRmdegeba, rom varsqeni TviT gadadis Setevaze.
Tavisi saqcielis gansjis Tavidan asarideblad sityva
banze augdo mowveulebs da dedoflis ukadris saqci-
elze gadaitana yuradReba“ (jorbenaZe 1997: 161).
pitiaxSis mier meuRlis misamarTiT naTqvam pirvel-
save frazaSi: „raÁsa Ãel-iwifa Cem zeda colman Cemman
eseviTarisa saqmed?“ „Ãel-iwifa“ ukavSirdeba pirovne-
bis Tavisuflebas. varsqeni meuRles usayvedurebs: ra-
tom mieci sakuTar Tavs ufleba sasaxlis datovebisa
da Cemi „xatis“ damxobisa. aq aSkarad ikveTeba nebis
Tavisuflebis problema.
adamiani gvirgvinia qmnilebisa. Sesaqmes RvTaebrivi
aqti gasrulda adamis SeqmniT: „da Tqua RmerTman:
vqmen kaci xatisaebr Cuenisa da msgavsisaebr“ (Ses. 1,
26). yovel adamians SeuZlia aRadginos RvTis xati,
imitom rom igi amas sakuTar arsebaSi atarebs. „adami-
anis arsebobis mizani, _ ambobs soloviovi, – aris
RvTaebrivi xatis aRdgena, pirovnebis amaRleba RvTaeb-
riv srulyofilebamde“. wmida mamaTa swavlebiT, RvTis
xati adamianSi TviT uzenaesisaken swrafva, marad moq-
medi mdgomareobaa da axali aRTqmis umTavresi mcnebis
– RvTis siyvarulis, moyvasTan erTobisa da siyvaru-
lis niWia. amiTaa ganpirobebuli adamianSi RvTis xate-
bis sxva Tvisebebic (ufro vrclad ix. gigineiSvili
1997).
rogorc wmida SuSaniki, ise varsqeni RvTis xatis
matarebelni arian, magram maTs swrafvas pirvelxatisa-
ken maTive sulieroba gansazRvravs. Tu SuSaniki saku-
Tari cxovrebiT iltvis gaxdes sZali uflisa da Se-
imosos naTeli RvTisa, varsqeni sakuTari nebiT Sorde-
ba RmerTsa da RvTaebrivs, kargavs mis xatebas, Seagi-
nebs taZars, romelic adamianis mTlianobis (sulisa
da xorcis) garantia. igi sruliad sapirispiro, gan-
sxvavebuli adamianuri idealebiT aRiWurveba da, rad-
ganac Sordeba RvTis xatebas, scildeba Tavis momav-
linebels – kargavs zomierebasa da wonasworobas. ami-
tomac sruliad bunebrivia is sisastike da daundob-
loba, romelsac varsqeni gamoavlens meuRlis mimarT.
178
aseT fonze mkafiod mJRavndeba RvTis xatis Tvise-
bac, eklesiis moZRvarni nebis Tavisuflebas rom uwo-
deben. uamisod ar arsebobs arc pirovneba da arc siy-
varuli. pirovnebis, rogorc aseTis, gamomavlenelia
misi nebis Tavisufleba, rom mas SeuZlia gaakeTos ar-
Cevani – boroti Tu keTili? (madli 1992). gza, romel-
sac varsqeni adgas, da is gza mowamebrivi cxovrebisa,
romelsac wm. SuSaniki airCevs, maTi adamianuri nebis
cxadyofaa. nebis Tavisufleba erTgvari SemoqmedebiTi
niWia adamianisa, miuxedavad misi Sedegebisa. arCevani
moiTxovs SemoqmedebiTs midgomas, adamianis umaRlesi
Semoqmedeba ki sakuTari pirovnebis srulyofa, suli-
eri da xorcieli cxovrebis harmoniaSi moyvanaa.
SuSaniki, ise rogrc varsqeni, Tavisufalia arCevan-
Si. pirveli keTilad iyenebs RvTisagan boZebul Tavi-
sufal nebas, meore – borotad. arc SuSaniksa da arc
varsqens, arCevnis winaSe mdgomT, araferi zRudavT. de-
dofali imTaviTve, „meyseulad“, uWoWmanod mtkiced
dgas sikeTis gzaze, romelic aris Tavad macxovari,
erTi RvTaeba da erTi Zali, ufali – yovlisa mpyrobe-
li, maradiuli Tavisufleba, romlis neba ganuyofelia
misive Zlierebisagan: „yovelive, raodeni ineba ufal-
man, qmna caTa Sina da queyanasa zeda, zRuaTa Sina da
yovelTa ufskrulTa“ (fs. 134,6).
varsqeni garkveuli politikuri mdgomareobis mosa-
poveblad irCevs axals, misTvis ucxos, magram mainc
misaRebs. igi dgas arCevnis winaSe, magram es ar aris
misi religiuri gadawyvetileba, morwmunis pozicia.
varsqenisaTvis mazdeanoba ar aris arsobrivad misaRe-
bi, aq sulierobis doneze ar wydeba es sakiTxi. pitiax-
Sis interesTa sfero sxva ganzomilebaSi gadadis, mis-
Tvis es aris foni politikuri Tu sxva macduri zrax-
vebis cxovelsayofad. amitom aris gansxvaveba SuSani-
kisa da varsqenis arCevans Soris. SuSanikisTvis qris-
tianoba isaa, rac arsobrivad esadageba mis sulier
mdgomareobas. qristianoba misTvis SinaarsiTac maradi-
ulobaa da Tavadac maradiulobisaken iltvis. mis yo-
fierebas maradiulobisaken swrafva aSinaarsebs, mis-
Tvis yofierebis sazrisi RvTiurobaa.
179
varsqen pitiaxSi mxolod faqtis winaSe dgas. igi
arCevans akeTebs ara ori – arsobrivad gansxvavebuli
Seucnobadobis, aramed movlenis, cvalebadobis winaSe.
pitiaxSisTvis arc qristianoba da arc mazdeanoba ar
aris simSvide sulisa, misTvis religiuri arCevani, sa-
erTod, politikuri moqmedebis formaa da ara sazrisi
cxovrebisa.
nebis Tavisufleba TxzulebaSi, rac arCevnis dros
yvelaze mkafiod vlindeba, garkveuli azriT, arCeviTi
gardauvalobaa, radgan varsqenis arCevani, upirvele-
sad, ganapirobebs SuSanikis ukvdavebas. sxvagvarad rom
vTqvaT, garkveulwilad, varsqenia is impulsi, romelic
aSinaarsebs SuSanikis cxovrebas. Tu wmindans es „Za-
la“ gamoecleba, maSin igi aseTi simwvaviT ver Seig-
rZnobs yofierebis daZlevis netarebas. varsqenis su-
lieri dacema SuSanikis amaRlebis dasawyisia. es ukve
Sedegia, romelsac nebis Tavisufleba warmoSobs am
konkretul SemTxvevaSi.
Tavisufali nebis Sedegad wm. SuSaniki wamebuli
xdeba. is Tavad irCevs am gzas, Tumca misi tanjva da-
sawyisia bednierebisa (bednierebisa tanjvis gziT!) da
gacxadeba nebis Tavisuflebisa. „sasjelis sakuTari
nebiT miRebiT, zustad Tavisuflebis dakargvis moment-
Si moipoveben isini WeSmarit Tavisuflebas“ (Selingi
1987: 85).
ukompromiso cxovreba arsebobis urTulesi saxe-
obaa. àras~ Tqma sakuTar TavTan nebisyofis ukiduresi
daZabviTaa SesaZlebeli. amdenad, tanjva sakuTari ne-
biT iqceva arsebobis principad. es ki „xels uwyobs
adamianis Tavis TavSi CaRrmavebasa da saSualebas aZ-
levs yofierebis axali ganzomilebis Sesacnobad, mo-
sapoveblad. amasTan, TviTCaRrmaveba aris individualu-
ri „me“-s sazRvrebis gafarToebis saSualebac“ (miule-
ri 1949: 61). es ki adamianad qcevis garantia da „qristi-
ani rom gaxde, adamiani unda iyo!“ (verneri 1990: 3).
adamianis sulieri cxovrebis Seswavlis safuZvelze
wmida mamebi suls, samSvinvelsa da sxeuls gamoyofen
(igive samnawiledoba, triqotomiuri moZRvreba: suli
(berZn. pnevma, rus. dux, ger. gaist), samSvinveli (berZn.
180
fsiqe; rus. duSa; ger. zeele), sxeuli (berZn. soma), zo-
gi mxolod – sxeulsa da suls (ornawiledoba, diqo-
tomiuri moZRvreba). amis Sesaxeb sagangebod msjelobs
wm. pavle mociquli: „suli Tqueni, samSvinveli da gu-
ami ubiwod moslvisa mas uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristes-
sa dahmarxenin“ (1 Tesal. 5, 23) (ufro vrclad _ palama
1991: 270-293). suli aris niWi, unari adamianisa, ganas-
xvaos umaRlesi faseulobani – maradiuli da warmava-
li, keTili da boroti, siyvaruli da siZulvili. Tuki
arCevani ukve gakeTebulia, maSin suli iswrafvis da-
imorCilos samSvinveli da sxeuli. „RvTaebriv suls
adamianisas SeeZlo Secnoba sakuTari RvTaebrivi arsi-
sac da RvTaebrivi samyarosic“ (gigineiSvili 1997:).
rogorc RvTis xati, adamiani aris pirovnuli ar-
seba, pirispir mdgomi uzenaesis winaSe. basili didi
SeniSnavda, rom adamiani aris qmnileba, romelmac mi-
iRo brZaneba – gaxdes RmerTi. „Tavisufleba Cveni kuT-
vnilebaa da amis gamo varT pirovnebebi. srulyofile-
ba ar saWiroebs arCevans. man icis, rom Tavad sikeTea
buneba da misi Tavisufleba efuZneba am codnas“
(loski 1982: 27).
rodesac wmida SuSanikis Tavisufleba bunebiT sike-
Tes daefuZna, man TiTqos arCevanic ar gaakeTa. ubra-
lod, arCevnis winaSe dadga gareSe faqtorisagan. es
moiTxoves misgan, Tumca ara pirdapir, aramed _ Sefar-
viT. RvTismoSiS adamians meryeoba ar SeSvenis da de-
dofalic „mtkiced dgas“.
rogorc fsiqologebi amboben, pirovnuli yvelaze
metad intuiciurad Seicnoba. amitomac wers iakob xu-
cesi, rom SuSaniks „ukeTurebisa mis saxisa qmrisa
misisaÁsa maradis guls etyÂn“ (Zeglebi 1964: 11). ada-
miani miT ufro emsgavseba pirvelxats, rac metad aRas-
rulebs RvTis nebas da amiT eziareba maradiul WeSma-
ritebas, radgan gza sisrulisa da sisavsisaken mas naC-
venebi aqvs ieso qristes mier.
SuSanikica da varsqenic erTi da imave bunebisani
arian da saerTo sawyisi aqvT, radgan orive RvTis qmni-
leba, gonieri arsebaa, romelTac, gonebasTan erTad,
miniWebuli aqvT nebis Tavisufleba... orive mokvdavi
181
arsebaa, magram erTia gansxvaveba: SuSaniki warmoadgens
gasulierebul xorcs (sxeuls), romelic ganmsjeli
suliTaa dajildoebuli, varsqeni ki soflis amaoeba-
Ta trfialia, _ gonebiT berwi da suliT saWurisi,
gandgomili, Ze Secdomili, ubadruki, Tumca „samgzis
sawyalobeli“.
or adamianSi msgavsi bunebis Sesaxeb wmida mamebi
gvaswavlian, rom „saerTo buneba mxolod gonebiT Se-
imecneba, radgan hipostazebi (calkeulni pirni) erTma-
neTSi Seurevnelni arian da TiToeuli cal-calke, e.i.
TavisTavad arsebobs, ris gamoc, TiToeuls aqvs bevri
ram, riTac is sxvebisgan gansxvavdeba. calkeuli hipos-
tazebi... ganirCevian sxvadasxva niSan-TvisebiTac: gone-
biT, ZaliT, saxiT, anu ieriT, zne-xasiaTiT, temperamen-
tiT, RirsebiT, qceviTa da yvela sxva maxasiaTebliT,
yvelaze metad ki isini imiT gansxvavdebian, rom erTma-
neTSi Serevnulad (SeerTebulad) ki ar arseboben, ara-
med cal-calke arian da swored amitom iwodebian ki-
dec, vTqvaT, or, sam Tu mraval adamianad“ (damaskeli
2000: 332).
wm. SuSaniki gaurbis urjulo, gandgomil meuRles,
ar surs Tanaziari gaxdes misi saqmisa. amitomac ki-
Txulobs gakvirvebuli: „megona me, viTarmed igi Cemda
movaqcio da RmerTi WeSmariti aRiaros, da aw me ma-
iZulebT amas yofad?“ (Zeglebi 1964: 15). wmida markoz
efeselis „apologiaSi“, romelic man aRsasrulis Jams
warmoTqva, vkiTxulobT: „WeSmaritad mrwams, rom, ram-
denadac ganveSorebi maT (igulisxmebian aramarTlmadi-
deblebi, kerZod, kaTolikeebi – s.m.), imdenad mivuax-
lovdebi RmerTs, anu ...ramdenadac ganveyofi maT, imde-
nad SevuerTdebi WeSmaritebas“ (efeseli 1991: 312). wmi-
da SuSanikic cdilobs daSordes varsqens, raTa sru-
liad Seuryvnelma adidos caTagan dautevneli, raTa
locviTa da marxviT gandevnos eSmaki.
wmida SuSaniki, Tanaxmad saxarebisa, simSvidiTa da
morCilebiT iRebs gansacdels, did tkivils: `da, Tu
mravali tanjvaჲ moawio Cem zeda~. imdenad mtkice da
uryevia misi rwmena, sulieri simaRle, rom Tavad dauZ-
182
lurebuli, sxvas (iakobs) anugeSebs: „nu stir CemTÂis,
rameTu dasabam sixarulisa iqmna Cemda RameÀ ese“;
„rameTu sisxli ese ganmwmedel ars codvaTa CemTa“
(Zeglebi 1964: 18); „nu stirT, Zmano Cemno da dano Cemno
da Svilno Cemno“ (iqve: 20-21).
moTminebis didi saTnoebiT Semkuli dedofali TiT-
qos RimiliT egebeba tanjva-wamebas. veravin gauZlebda
amas RvTis Sewevnis gareSe. III saukunis romaeli advo-
kati, romauli apologetikis fuZemdebeli, minucius
feliqsi, Cvenamde moRweul Txzuleba „oqtaviusSi“ am-
bobs: „gamarjvebuli xom marTlac isaa, vinc Tavis
dasaxul mizans Seewira. romeli jariskaci ar Sexvde-
ba medgar gansacdels mxedarTmTavris Tvalwin! – mag-
ram jildos manam ver miiRebs, sanam ar gamoicdeba.
RvTis jariskaci ki marto ar aris gansacdelis dros.
arc sikvdiliT mTavrdeba misi arseboba... RmerTi Ti-
Toeuls gamocdis, gansacdelSi amowmebs adamianis did-
sulovnebas, bolo amosunTqvamde akvirdeba mis keTil-
Sobilebas. rogorc oqro gamoiwrToba cecxliT, aseve
Cven – gansacdeliT“ (feliqsi 1991: 78).
wmida SuSanikma unda aRasrulos neba RvTisa, magram
uzenaesis daxmarebis gareSe es SeuZlebelia. RvTis ne-
bis aRsruleba, SeniSnulia eklesiis mamaTa mier, ar
iqneba srulyofili mindobis gareSe, radgan bevr rame-
ze uaris TqmasTanaa dakavSirebuli da xSirad _ Zal-
ze sagrZnob tanjvasTanac. amitom amis atana da daTme-
na SesaZlebelia mxolod da mxolod sruli mindobiT.
ndoba ki ver Sedgeba iq, sadac naklebi rwmenaa.
yoveli adamianis cxovreba gamocdaa da zogjer sak-
maod rTuli da mZimec ki. saWiroa nebisyofa, sasoeba,
simSvide sulisa, romelic migaaxlebs WeSmaritebas.
Sua saukuneebis bizantieli mistikosi, simeon axali
RvTismetyveli, brZanebs: „rwmena gulisxmobs ara mar-
to gandgomas amqveyniur siameTagan, aramed moTminebi-
Ta da didsulovnebiT yovelgvari sacduneblis atanas
tanjvaSi, gaWirvebasa da umadurobaSi, vidre ufali ar
inebebs Sewyalebas“ (wm. svimeoni 1991: 22).
rwmena safuZvelia siyvarulisa da zneobisa. yvela-
ferTan erTad, rwmena gulisxmobs sikvdils qristes-
183
Tvis misi mcnebebis aRsrulebis gziT. amgvari sikvdi-
li ki dasabamia sicocxlisa. wmida SuSaniki mTeli ar-
sebiT iltvis, iswrafvis maradiulobisaken, mTeli misi
Zalisxmeva iqiTkenaa mimarTuli, rom sZlios sakuTar
Tavs, ufro sworad, codvas da codvils sakuTar arse-
baSi. wamebulma dedofalma RvTiuri siyvarulis mad-
li miiRo da SeuerTda usasrulobas.
mZime da ekliani gamodga martvilis gza. „varsqenma
uaryo RmerTi da SuSanikma uaryo qmari. saxeli SuSa-
niki (susana) niSnavs „SroSans“, `wmida SuSaniki TeTri
SroSania, tanjva-wamebis sisxls rom SeRebavs fur-
clebi“ (rafaeli 1992: 59). garda amisa, „mSvenieri yvavi-
li ebraul enaze iwodeba „SuSanad~, rac niSnavs „na-
Tels“; „brwyinvales“, „mSveniers“. Tavis „sabunebismety-
velo istoriaSi“ (naw. I, gv. 241) Suberti wers, rom
SroSani amqveynad yvelaze mSvenieri yvavilia, erTgva-
ri zurmuxti mcenareTa samyaroSi, romlis silamaze-
sac brZeni mefe solomoni yvela sxva yvavilisaze me-
tad ganadidebda (sakvirao saxarebaTa ganmarteba 2001:
130).
„wamebaSi“ varsqen pitiaxSia is adamiani, romlisga-
nac moedineba sisastike, Suri, mrisxaneba, ampartavno-
ba... magram „ubadruki da samgzis sawyalobeli“ pitiax-
Si ar aris mizezi sacdurisa. aq varsqeni ki ar moqme-
debs, aramed is codva, romelic masSia. sauflo sity-
vebs „aramed mixsen Cven borotisagan“ – ase ganmartavs
netari Teofilaqte bulgareli: „ar uTqvams, borotTa-
gan mixseniT, aramed – borotisagan, rameTu boroti
adamianebi ki ar gvemterebian, aramed eSmaki aRagznebs
maTSi borotebasa da Cvenc da imaTac ubedurebas
gvmarTebs“ (bulgareli 1992: 103).
varsqeni bunebiT ar aris boroti, ar SeiZleba, ase-
Ti iyos, radgan boroteba bunebidan ki ar momdinare-
obs, aramed Tavisuflebidan. marTlmadidebluri swav-
lebiT, eSmaki imitomaa boroti, rom masSi Tavmoyrilia
borotebis udidesi raodenoba. `wmida grigol nose-
lis azriT, paradoqsulia borotebis arseboba. vinc
emorCileba borotebas, igi arsebobs ararsebulSi. di-
adoxos fotikelis mixedviT ki boroteba ar arsebobs
184
an ufro sworad, igi arsebobs mxolod im dros, roca
mas sCadian“ (sxirtlaZe 1992: 11). boroteba ar aris pi-
rovnebis buneba. igi bunebis mdgomareobaa, avadmyofo-
baa, adamianis nebis garkveuli mdgomareobaa (wm. basi-
li didi, wm. dionise areopageli).
cxovrebaSi araferia SemTxveviTi. yvelgan da yvela-
ferSi „ufali sufevs“. wmida SuSaniki RvTaebrivma sib-
rZnem da Zalam gamoarCia am tvirTis satareblad. mas-
ze gadmovida suliwmidis madli da aRivso naTliT.
amitomac ganamSvena sapyrobile „sulieriTa miT qnariTa“.
RvTis rCeul SuSaniks ufalma mianiWa imgvari wya-
loba, ganamtkica iseTi ZaliTa da ganadida iseTi Rir-
sebiT, rogoriTac SeZlo RvTis siyvaruli aRenTo
qarTvelebSi, ganemtkicebina maTi rwmena, maTTvis mxne-
oba da sasoeba mieniWebina. mowiwebiT Sehyurebdnen wa-
mebul dedofals „did-didni da zepurni dedani, az-
naurni da uaznoni soflisa qarTlisani... da mieriTgan
ganiTqva yovelsa qarTlsa saqmÀ misi“ (Zeglebi 1964: 27).
maRali sulierobisa da zneobrivi simtkicis adami-
ani, wmida SuSaniki, ganudga imas, rac ase xiblavT ama
soflis siameTa damonebulT, daiTmina is, risic ase
eSiniaT RvTis uSiSarTa da ZlierTa ama qveynisaTa.
Tu RvTis xatad yofna, pirvel rigSi, pirovnul ar-
sebad yofnas, Tavisufal da sakuTar qmedebaze pasu-
xismgebel zneobriv arsebad yofnas niSnavs, maSin wmi-
da SuSanikis gandgoma meuRlisagan moraluri nabijic
iyo da, Sesabamisad, varsqenic zneobrivad pasuxismgebe-
lia sakuTar qmedebaze RvTisa da eris winaSe. RmerTs
surda, pitiaxSic Tanamonawile yofiliyo sakuTari
ganRmrTobisa, SesaZlebloba hqonoda, madliT qceuli-
yo imad, rac Tavad RmerTia Tavisi bunebiT, arsiT, mag-
ram es Zaxili, moxmoba Tavisufal pasuxs moiTxovs.
varsqenis pasuxi ki amgvari iyo – ganSoreba, uaryofa
mamapapuri sarwmunoebisa, anu siZulvili. adamianis
swrafva uflisken ki mxolod siyvaruliT aris SesaZ-
lebeli, radgan ùsiyvarulod RvTisa da kacis erToba
meqanikuri iqneboda. siyvaruli ki Tavisuflebas, arCe-
vanis an uaris saSualebas gulisxmobs. RvTis moyvaru-
lad rom viqceT, saWiroa sapirispiro SesaZleblobis
185
daSveba. unda arsebobdes RvTis winaaRmdeg janyis, am-
boxis, misdami urCobis SesaZleblobac“ (ekalaZe 2000:).
ase zustad da srulad gamovlinda TxzulebaSi pi-
rovnuli Tavisufleba sakuTar bunebasTan mimarTebiT.
wmida grigol noseli gvaswavlis, rom pirovneba auci-
leblobis kanonebisagan gaTavisufleba da bunebis ba-
tonobisagan Tavis daRweva sakuTari Tavis Tavisufali
TviTgamorkvevis SesaZleblobaa. siyvaruli pativisce-
mis gareSe warmoudgenelia da es ukanasknelic swored
nebis TavisuflebaSi vlindeba. Zalas aravin gatans,
ganaCens sakuTar Tavs Tavad gamoutan. adamianis cxo-
neba calmxrivad, mxolod RvTis nebiT, ver moxerxdeba,
Tu mas Tavad pirovnebis survili ar Seexida. rogorc
amboben, cxoneba sinergizmiT, anu adamianur da RvTaeb-
riv nebaTa TanxmobiTa da TanamoqmedebiT miiRweva.
varsqen pitiaxSis pirovnulma nebam aseTi arCevani ga-
akeTa da, netari dedoflisagan gansxvavebiT, RvTis xa-
ti ver iqca RvTis msgavsad!
damowmebani:
arqimandriti rafaeli 1992: arqimandriti rafaeli. xati saqar-

Tvelos eklesiis dadeba. `jvari vazisa~, # 3, 1992.
bulgareli I 1992: axali aRTqmis komentarebi netari Teofi-
laqte bulgarelisa. I. Tb.: `saqarTvelos sapatriarqos gamom-
cemloba~, 1992.
gigineiSvili 1997: gigineiSvili m. marTlmadidebloba evropu-
li kulturis konteqstSi. gaz. `literaturuli saqarTvelo~,
18-25 ivlisi, 1997.
damaskeli 2000: wm. ioane damaskeli. marTlmadidebluri sar-
wmunoebis zedmiwevniTi gadmocema. ori Zveli qarTuli Targmani
(wm. efrem mcirisa da wm. arsen iyalToelisa). gamosakvlevad mo-
amzades r. miminoSvilma da m. rafavam, winasityvaoba da SeniS-
vnebi daurTo m. rafavam. Zveli berZnulidan Tanamedrove qar-
Tulze Targmna, Sesavali da SeniSvnebi daurTo e. WeliZem. Tb.:
`sasuliero akademiis gamomcemloba~, 2000.
ekalaZe 2000: ekalaZe z. bediswera da nebis Tavisufleba. gaz.
`sapatriarqos uwyebani~, mis.: http://www.orthodoxy.ge/apologetika/ bedistsera.htm
epistole.. 1988: epistole aRmosavleTis kaTolike eklesiaTa
patriarqebisa marTlmadidebeli rwmenis Sesaxeb. saRvTismetyve-
lo krebuli, # 3, Tb.: `sasuliero akademiis gamomcemloba~,
1988.
186
efeseli 1991: wm. markoz efeseli. apologia. wignSi sityva
marTlisa sarwmunoebisa. II. Tb.: `merani~, 1991.
kakabaZe 1988: kakabaZe z. filosofiuri saubrebi. Tb.: `sabWoTa
saqarTvelo~, 1988.
loski 1988: loski vl. xati da msgavsi. aRmosavleTis eklesiis
mistikuri RvTismetyvelebis narkvevebi. `saRvTismetyvelo krebu-
li~, №# 1, Tb.: `sasuliero akademiis gamomcemloba~, 1988.
osipovi 2002: osipovi a. Tavisufleba qristianisa, Tavisufleba
eklesiisa da religiuri Tavisufleba. mis.: http://www.orthodoxy.ge/
tserilebi/osipovi_tavisufleba.htm
palama 1991: wm. grigol palama. aRsareba marTlmadidebeli
sarwmunoebisa. // sityva marTlisa sarwmunoebisa. II, Tb.: `merani~,
1991.
wm. svimeoni 1992: wm. svimeon axali RvTismetyveli. samoRvaweo,
SemecnebiTi da saRvTismetyvelo Tavni. Tb.: `saqarTvelos sapat-
riarqos gamomcemloba~, 1992.
sxirtlaZe 1992: sxirtlaZe g. demonologiis sakiTxebi marTl-
madideblur swavlebaSi. `jvari vazisa~, #№ 3, 1992.
farulava 1991: farulava gr. qristianuli anTropologiis
ZiriTadi sakiTxebi. `xelovneba~, №# 11–12, 1991.
feliqsi 1991: feliqsi m. oqtaviusi. sityva marTlisa sarwmu-
noebisa. II, Tb.: `merani~, 1991.
RvTis xati adamianSi 1992: RvTis xati adamianSi. gaz. `madli,~
26 maisi, 1992, gv. 2.
Zeglebi 1964: Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis
Zeglebi. ilia abulaZis xelmZRvanelobiTa da redaqciiT. I, Tb.:
`saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba~, 1964.
jorbenaZe 1997: jorbenaZe b. ena da kultura. Tb.: 1997.
hagiografiis RvTismetyveleba 1997: hagiografiis RvTismetyve-
leba. 1. Tb.: `saqarTvelos sapatriarqos gamomcemloba~, 1997.
miuleri 1949: Muller M. Existenphilosophie im Geistigen Leben der
Gegenwart. Hdeb.1949.
verneri 1990: Werner R. Christ werden – Mensch sein. Margburg: 1990.
Selingi 1987: Шеллинг Ф. Философские писъма о догматизме и крити-
цизме. соч. в 2-х томах. М.: 1987.
187
Saba Metreveli
Freedom of the Will in

“The Martyrdom of Saint Shushanick”
Summary
Neither a person nor a love exist without freedom of the will.

Freedom of the will is of a person as such, who is able to make a choice
between evil and good. The way chosen by Varsqen and the way of
martyr life chosen by St. Shushanik are the revelation of their human
will. Freedom of will is like a creative gift of a person, despite results, as
the choice demands creative approach, while the maximal creation is the
perfection of personality, harmonization of his/her spiritual and physical
life.
Shushanic is free in making her choice, so is Varsqen. The former
uses free of will gifted by God for kindness, the latter – for evil things.
Nothing stops Shushsnik as well as Varsqen in making their choices.
The queen stands firmly on the way of kindness from the very beginning
while Varsqen chooses the new, strange, but acceptable to him to gain
particular political conditions. Varsqen faces the choice of religion,
although does not understand none of them. For him paganism is not
essentially acceptable. Spiritual factor is not main thing here, but he
faces the fact only. He makes choice not between two – essentially
different inconceivability, but the phenomena, changeability. For him,
actually, religious decision is the form of political activity not essence of
his life.
In the composition freedom of the will, vividly manifested during
making decision, is specifically a chosen inevitability, as Varsqen’s
choice (first of all) stipulates immortality of St. Shushanic.
188
m. sabininis wignidan `saqarTvelos samoTxe~
(1882 w.)
V
wminda SuSanikis yvelaze
adrindeli gamosaxuleba
VI
paralelebi
griver farulava
ambavi `margalitisa~
`wminda SuSanikis wamebis~ qarTul da somxur

redaqciaTa urTierTmimarTebisaTvis∗
samocdaTxuTmeti wlis win ilia abulaZem sagange-

bod da detalurad Seudara erTmaneTs `wminda SuSani-
kis wamebis~ qarTuli da somxuri redaqciebi, erTmane-
Tis gverdiT dabeWda wamebis qarTuli da somxuri teq-
stebi, iqve moaTavsa somxuri versiis sanimuSo Targma-
ni Zvel qarTulad (abulaZe 1938). faqtebisa da sabuTe-
bis mTelma wyebam cxadi gaxada is gza, romelic qar-
Tulma nawarmoebma gaiara somxur enaze gadaTargmna-
gadakeTebis rTul procesSi. am naSromiTa da iv. java-
xiSvilis saTanado gamokvleviT sruliad gamoikveTa
iakob xucesis Txzulebis literaturuli bedis mwyob-
ri, logikuri suraTi. 1978 wels ki S. onianma axali
argumentebiT gaamyara i. abulaZisa da iv. javaxiSvi-
lis daskvnebi (oniani 1978). kvlevis am gzaze Semdgom
sagulisxmo nabiji gadadga b. kilanavam (kilanava 1978).
Cveni werilis mizania: nawarmoebis erTi kulturu-
li garemodan meoreSi gadatanis istoriul-filolo-
giur sabuTebs mivumatoT sxvagvari motivebic, ori
teqstis rogorc ideuri, ise mxatvrul-esTetikuri Se-
darebis gziT mopovebulni.
`SuSanikis wamebis~ somxuri versiis teqsti dRes
yvelasaTvis xelmisawvdomia ara mxolod i. abulaZise-
uli qarTuli TargmaniT, aramed rusul enazec (ter-
∗
am narkvevis pirveli varianti saTauriT _ `feriscvaleba poeturi
sityvisa~ _ gamoqveynda 1979 w. JurnalSi `saunje~, # 6 (farulava 1979a:
219-222), mkiTxvels vudgenT axal, meore variants, romelic pirvels or-
jer aRemateba moculobiT. amoklebulia ramdenime monakveTi pirveli
variantisa.
189
davTiani 1973: 194-215). Targmanisadmi darTul komenta-
rebSi mTargmneli k. s. ter-davTiani yovelgvari sabu-
Tis gareSe zurgs aqcevs somxur mwerlobaSi am nawar-
moebis Semosvlis mecnierulad dadgenil istorias,
krintsac ar Zravs imis Sesaxeb, rom arsebobs qarTuli
redaqcia da rixiT acxadebs: `Мученичество св. Шушаник
является жемчужиной древнеармянской агиографии~.
rogoria `SuSanikis wamebis~ somxuri versiis mxat-
vrul-esTetikuri Rirseba? dednisa da Targmanis erTi
gadakiTxviTac cxaddeba, Tu ramdenad aRemateba am
mxriv pirveli meores. xolo es gamowveulia imiT, rom
nawarmoebis, romelic sityvieri xelovnebis Sedevrebis
doneze dgas, somxur enaze gadaReba ganapiroba sru-
liad ara mxatvrul-literaturulma interesma. zemo-
xsenebul mecnierTa naSromebSi cxadyofilia, rom
`SuSanikis wamebis~ somxur, rogorc vrcel, ise mokle
redaqcias, èrovnul-eklesiuri daRi amCnevia. es Tval-
sazrisi uTuod somexi redaqtorebisaa... aseT rames
iakobis saxeliT cnobili qarTuli martviloba ar
iCens da esec erTi im sabuTTagania, romliTac qarTu-
lis dednoba da adrindeloba mtkicdeba. erovnul-ek-
lesiuri Tvalsazrisis SesamCnevi gamomJRavneba qar-
TulTan dapirispirebiT somxur literaturaSi qar-
Tul-somxuri saeklesio ganxeTqilebis Semdeg iwyeba,
e. i. VII s-dan~ (abulaZe 1938: 037; aq da sxvagan `SuSani-
kis wamebis~ qarTul da somxur redaqciaTa teqstebsac
movixmobT am wignidan). xolo k. kekeliZe ambobs: `qar-
Tul redaqciaSi arsad nacionaluri kvali ar Cans;
somxuri Tavidan bolomde gaJRenTilia nacionaluri
tendenciiT. es miuTiTebs imaze, rom iakobis Sroma
dawerilia somex-qarTvelTa saeklesio cxovrebaSi na-
cionalizaciis procesis dawyebamde, xolo somxuri
amis Semdeg~ (kekeliZe 1980: 120-121). vimeorebT: uTvalsa-
Cinoes istoriul-filologiur sabuTebs amgvari das-
kvnisaTvis samive mecnieri uxvad udgens WeSmaritebis
maZiebels.
saTargmni teqstisadmi erovnul-eklesiuri tendenci-
ebiT midgomam ganapiroba is, rom TargmanSi dednisagan
190
gansxvavebulad gamoiyureba bevri ram. òri ZiriTadi
mxare aris SesamCnevi somxur wamebaSi. erTi _ faqtob-
rivi amJRavnebs qarTulTan damokidebulebas, masTan
Tanmxvdomobis ara marto Txrobis mimdinareobis gziT,
aramed misi zogierTi adgilis gadataniTac ki. meore
mxare _ arafaqtobrivi, romelic mTavari piris mowame-
obas exeba (locva-vedreba, moTmineba da sxva), sxvaobs
qarTulisagan. somxurSi es nawili Crdilavs pirvels,
roca qarTulSi piruku viTarebaa~ (abulaZe 1938: 48-49).
i. javaxiSvilma, i. abulaZem da S. onianma zogadad aR-
niSnes, rom ara erTi da ori mxatvruli suraTi dedni-
sa ar aris TargmanSi, an aris da esTetikurad dabeCa-
vebuli da ideurad damaxinjebulia.
sagangebo dakvirvebiT ki grovdeba friad sainte-
reso masala imis gasaTvaliswineblad, Tu rogori
transformacia SeiZleba ganicados mxatvrulma mTel-
ma, roca literaturul urTierTobebSi sxva, arapo-
eturi, sadavo kulturul-istoriuli faqtorebi da in-
teresebi mZlavroben. mxatvrul-esTetikuri indiferen-
tizmis da, rogorc i. abulaZe ityvis, `somxuri erov-
nuli Tvalsazrisis momarjvebis nayofia~ (damokidebu-
lebis kvali iSleba) is ambavi, rom mTargmnels saer-
Tod uyuradRebod dautovebia poeturi simaRliT yve-
laze gamorCeuli pasaJebi dednisa: 1. mxatvruli anti-
Tezis saukeTeso nimuSi, SuSanikis pasuxi varsqenisad-
mi: àra Tu me aRmemarTa xati igi da memca davamÃu. xo-
lo mamaman Senman~... 2. plastikurobiT gamorCeuli su-
raTi: `...Sevida mun Sina simwariTa savsÀ da mieyrdna
yuresa erTsa da mwariTa cremliTa tiroda~; 3. scena,
roca `cremloodes yovelni da jojik aRdga da crem-
liTa gare ganvida~; 4. fsiqologiurad STambeWdavi
epizodi, roca pitiaxSis SemoxedviT damfrTxal diak-
vans SemarTuli fraza gauwydeba; 5. personaJisave fra-
ziT sxva personaJis xatvis saukeTeso magaliTi: cixe-
Si rom SeyavT, martvili demonstraciulad acxadebs,
am tanjvis sanacvlod im qveynad ganvisvenebo. varsqe-
nis cinikuri pasuxi amaze; 6. im garemos poeturi sura-
Ti, sadac SuSaniki itanjeboda: `Jamsa zafxulisasa ce-
cxlebr Semwueli igi mÃurvalebaÁ mzisaÁ...~; 7. fsiqo-
191
logiuri mxatvrobis daxvewili scena, pitiaxSi cols
rom Cors gagzavniT emuqreba, da pasuxi qalisa; 8. ana-
logiuri ostatobis nimuSi, roca varsqeni dedofals
ZuZumtes miugzavnis, da pasuxi SuSanikisa.
CamoTvlil epizodTagan sagangebo yuradReba unda
mivaqcioT pirvels, mxatvruli antiTezis nimuSs. aq
warmoCndeba ara mxolod iakob xucesisa da nawarmo-
ebis mTavari gmiris TvalTaxedva, aramed imJamindeli
qarTuli sazogadoebrivi azrovnebis, TviTSegnebis ma-
Rali done, warmoCndeba rom Cveni eris politikur-sa-
xelmwifoebrivi da sarwmunoebriv-kulturuli intere-
sebi imJamiTve ganuyofeli iyo.
mivmarToT pirvelwyaros, iakob xucesis nawarmoebs.
iranidan dabrunebul varsqens coli Sin ar daxvda,
SvilebiTurT eklesias Sefareboda, gamazdeanebul qmars
ganrideboda. ganrisxebuli pitiaxSi xucesTa piriT
dedofals uTvlis: `Sen Cemi xati daamÃu, da sagebel-
sa Cemsa nacari gardaasx, da Seni adgili dagitevebies,
da sxuad warsrul xar~ (abulaZe 1938: 87). i. abulaZisa-
ve Sedgenil `Zveli qarTul enis leqsikonSi~ (1973 w.)
`xati~ asea ganmartebuli: `gamosaxuleba, naxati, saxe,
suraTi...~ am ganmartebaTa sailustracio magaliTTa
Soris aris es frazac: `Sen Cemi xati daamÃu~. oTxive
sityva SeiTavsebs im gagebas, rac am konteqstSi aqvs
`xats~, oRond cota gafarToebuli, gadataniTi mniS-
vnelobiT (saqme xom literaturul teqstTan gvaqvs).
varsqens surs dramatuli ieriT datvirTos SenaTvali:
rogori `saxiTac~ me warmovedgine sazogadoebas, ro-
gorc me `vexate~ Cems irgvliv myofTa cnobierebaSi,
daamxve, gaacamtvere; Cemi saxeli, Rirseba, pativi Sela-
xeo. pitiaxSi konfliqtis namdvil mizezs Cqmalavs,
colqmruli urTierTobis darRvevaze gadaaqvs yurad-
Reba, sababs amzadebs veraguli Canafiqris xorc-
SesxmisaTvis.
`xolo wmidaman SuSanik Tqua: àra Tu me aRmemarTa
xati igi da memca davamÃu. xolo mamaman Senman aR-
hmarTna samartÂleni da eklesiani aRaSÀnna, da Sen ma-
misa Senisa saqmeni ganhryunen da sxuad gardaaqcien ke-
Tilni misni; mamaman Senman wmidani Semoixuna saxid
192
TÂsa, xolo Sen devni Semoixuen; man RmerTi caTaÁ da
queyanisaÁ aRiara da hrwmena, xolo Sen RmerTi WeSma-
riti uvar hyav da cecxlsa Tayuanis ec. da viTarca
Sen Semoqmedi Seni uvar hyav, egreca me Sen Seuracx-
gyav. da Tu mravali tanjvaÁ moawio Cem zeda, me ara
veziaro saqmeTa SenTa~ (abulaZe 1938: 87-88).
ufro martivad rom gadmovceT, wm. SuSanikis pasuxi
aseTia: me ar Semiqmnia Seni xati, saxeli, Rirseba Tu
pativi da verc davamxobdi. xolo mamaSenma ki, Tqveni
ojaxis, Seni da sapitiaxSo karis saxel-dideba, avto-
riteti namdvilad Seqmna imiT, rom mowameTa saxelo-
bis samlocveloebi (`samartÂleni~) da eklesiebi aaSe-
na; mamaSenma RvTismosavni, siwmindiT gamorCeulni Se-
moikriba; mamaSenma zecisa da miwis Semoqmedi irwmuna.
da Sen, viTarca mamis `keTil saqmeTa gamryvnels~, me
gagideqi da arasdros gavxdebi `saqmeTa SenTa~ Tanaziari.
kontrastis formiT gamarTuli es monakveTi im miz-
niTaa gamotovebuli, rom nawarmoebidan gaaqron SuSa-
nik-varsqenis konfliqtis arsi, xerxemali da safuZve-
li. martvili sruliad cxadad, kategoriuli stiliT
da farTo TvalsawieriT warmoaCens im azrs, rom igi
qmars upirispirdeba ara piraduli interesebis niadag-
ze, aramed im qveynis bedisa Tu ubedobis safuZvelze,
romelsac TviT igi eSvila, rodesac rZlad Sevida di-
di qarTvelis, samSoblos TviTmyofobisaTvis irane-
lebTan brZolaSi daRupuli arSuSa pitiaxSis ojaxSi.
arSuSa da SuSanikis mama _ vardan mamikoniani megob-
rebi iyvnen, arSuSac, iseve rogorc vardani, iraneleb-
Tan brZolas Seewira. vardanis daRupvis Semdeg arSu-
Sam upatrona megobris sanaTesaos, saqarTveloSi wamo-
iyvana isini, mfarvelobda, xolo mcirewlovanT Rirse-
ul mamuliSvilebad zrdida.
Tu qmrisadmi SuSanikis SenaTvals davakvirdebiT,
davinaxavT, rom martvilis sityvebSi, roca igi mamam-
Tilis mamuliSvilur Rvawls warmoaCens, omi da
xmliT brZola ki ar aris aqcentirebuli, aramed brZo-
la TanamemamuleTa sulieri ganmtkicebisaTvis, erovnu-
li cnobierebisa da Rirsebis gaRviZebisaTvis; xmliT
brZolaSi arSuSasagan gamovlenili SemarTeba aseTi
193
vaJkacobis sulier-ideuri wyaros saxeliTaa gacxade-
buli. e. i. dedofali tolobis niSans svams sulier-
religiur Rvawlsa da samSoblosaTvis xmalSemarTul
brZolas Soris; rwmenis dacva erovnul-saxelmwifoeb-
rivi TviTmyofobis dacvis sayrdenad da impulsadaa
Seracxili. aq xvdeba erTmaneTs nawarmoebis avtoris,
mTavari gmirisa da arSuSa pitiaxSis TvalTaxedva. am-
gvari sja saqarTvelos sulier Svilad, misi TviTmyo-
fobisaTvis mebrZolad warmoaCens martvils. es ki
xels ar aZlevs qarTuli nawarmoebis somxurad mTar-
gmnel-gadamkeTebels da igi am epizods mTlianad amo-
agdebs somxuri versiidan. wminda SuSanikis mxatvrul
saxes cxadad aCnia da amkobs beWedi Tavisi meore sam-
Soblosadmi STagonebuli siyvarulisa. es beWedi mar-
tvils ar unda gadayves somxur kulturul samyaroSi
(romlis sasiqadulo naSieri qali namdvilad aris).
wmindanis damajerebeli `gadasaxlebisaTvis~ am beWeds
Slian sinamdvilis ignorirebis safasurad.
iakob xucesis didi mwerluri niWiTa da gulTamxi-
laobis alRoTi ixateba, swored rom ixateba, vergobi-
sa da siwmindis dramatuli Widilis suraTi. varsqeni
Seuracxyofili qmris, Seginebuli piraduli Rirsebis
motiviT mrisxanebs (namdvili motivi unda daiCrdilos
sazogadoebis TvalSi).
saRmrTo niWiTa da simarTlis maxviliT aRWurvil
dedofals sinaTleze gamoaqvs is sibnele da veragoba,
rasac irans sulmiyiduli qmaryofili umzadebs qris-
tianobas da im qveyanas, romelsac gulRiad eSvila qa-
li da qveyanam sasoebiT iSvila igi. am epizodSi isic
Cans, ras avalebs mas arSuSa pitiaxSis mamuliSviluri
Rvawli da misive Tanadgoma mamikonianebisadmi.
ase rom, TviT am erTi epizodis teqstic da qveteq-
stic erTob gamWvirvalea da rogorc nawarmoebs, ise
misi mTavari gmiris Rvawls bunebrivad amkvidrebs qar-
Tuli literaturisa da qarTuli eklesiis istoriis
wiaRSi.
mTargmnels WkuaSi ar dajdomia, rom SuSaniki, did-
gvarovan somexTa STamomavali, am konkretul situaci-
aSi Tavis winaprebs ki ara igonebda, aramed krZalviTa
194
da siyvaruliT moixsenebda arSuSa pitiaxSis mamuliS-
vilur Rvawls. mTargmneli ar dagidevs imas, rom am
umZimesi situaciis realisturad gansjas mogonebebi
ar Seefereboda, da amoWrili epizodis sanacvlod
Txzavs sxva teqsts, daaxloebiT xuTjer ufro vrcels,
da SuSaniks alaparakebs Tavis ubedur xvedrze, rome-
lic es-esaa daiwyo. es aris erTob zogadi sjani aseTi
xvedris simZimeze, martvilis movaleobaze, WeSmariti
rwmenis mtrebze da ase Semdeg. oRond Tu qarTul teq-
stSi mTavari gmiri arSuSas saxel-didebis faqts exmi-
aneba, somxur versiaSi SuSaniki Tavis monologSi, si-
tuaciasTan sruliad Seufereblad, somxeTSi gadagviy-
vans, droiT erTob daSorebul da SinaarsiT gansxvave-
bul ambebs Segvaxsenebs: àra dauteo Sjuli wmidaTa
mamaTa CemTaÁ, somexTa ganmanaTlebelTaÁ...~ (abulaZe
1938: 86), `moiÃsenen, kacTmoyuareo ufalo, monani Senni,
mamani Cemni, romelTa Tesli var me...~ (abulaZe 1938: 92).
erTi winadadebis Semdeg imaves vismenT: `momec me Zali
aRsrulebad srbaÁ ese Cemi SeWirvebiTa da mimsgavsebi-
Ta mamaTa maT CemTasa, raÁTa maTisa nawilisaca da gan-
suenebisa mkÂdr viqmne~ (abulaZe 1938: 92). sxva situaci-
aSi ki moZRvari eubneba mowafes: `keTilisa Zirisa ke-
Tili morCi gamosCndio~... (abulaZe 1938: 104). rogorme
unda daiCrdilos konkretuli geografiuli sivrce
(abulaZe 1938: 104) da kulturuli `klimati~. dedofali
ZaldatanebiT mihyavT varsqenis mier sagangebod mowyo-
bil purobaze: SuSaniki `warvida tiriliTa da mwuxa-
rebiTa. da aqunda evangelÀ erTi mcire, romeli iyo,
winaprisa misisa wmidisa sahakisi, romeli Tana epyra
da miT evedreboda idumal RmerTsa~ (abulaZe 1938: 93).
wminda SuSanikis Rvawlis, sulieri mxedrobis wyaro
da saTave rom somxuri geni aris, am TvalTaxedvis
warmoCenisa da ganmtkicebisaTvis sagangebod da vrclad
msjelobs `wamebis~ somxuri mokle redaqciis avtoric.
nawarmoebs swored amiT iwyebs igi, CamoTvlis martvi-
lis axlo da Soreul winaparT: vardani, sahaki, nerse,
sahakanuSi, aTenageni, osiki, orTanesi, grigoli, da
ityvis: èse yovliTa msgavs mamaTa TÂsTa iyoo~ (arada,
195
vardan mamikonians, mamas wmindanisa, iakobi pativisce-
miTa da krZalviT moixseniebs nawarmoebis dasawyisSive).
xom cxadia, rom aseTi saCoTiro òperaciebi~ maSin
gaukeTes iakob xucesis Txzulebas, roca qarTuli da
somxuri eklesiebi gaiTiSnen da urTierToba gamwvavda.
sxva SemTxvevaSi mTargmnels mxatvrulad da fsiqo-
logiurad mdidari scenis mxolod faqtobrivi mokle
Sinaarsi gamoukribavs, statistikuri informacia mo-
ucia imis Sesaxeb, Tu `ra moxda~, da xeli auRia faq-
tis mxatvruli sicocxlis (`rogor moxda~) meore ena-
ze gadatanis rTul saqmeze. mravalTagan movitanT ram-
densame nimuSs.
1. dednis _ `davarda igi (SuSaniki) queyanasa zeda
da Tavsa damarT scemda da cremliTa mwariTa ityoda:
`sawyalobel iqmna ubadruki varsqen, rameTu uvar yo
WeSmariti RmerTi da aRiara artoSani da SeerTo igi
uRmrToTa~ (abulaZe 1938: 79), _ somxur redaqciaSi ase
gamoiyureba: `davarda queyanasa da tiroda mwared, da
hgodebda qmarsa mas uvaris myofelsa RmrTisasa da
vaebda SvilTa~ (abulaZe 1938: 80).
2. sikvdilis win dedofals moinaxulebs jojiki.
iakobi natifi poeturi detalebiT Sezavebul dialogs
xatavs. gavixsenebT mxolod mxatvrul kulminacias
scenisa. dedofali godebs: `man (varsqenma) uJamod na-
yofni Cemni moisTulna da sanTeli Cemi daSrita da
yuavili Cemi daaWno, SuenierebaÁ sikeTisa CemisaÁ daab-
nela da didebaÁ Cemi daamdabla~ (abulaZe 1938: 115).
Targmanis Sesabamis monakveTSi arc erTi mxatvruli
saxe araa, marto informaciaa. xolo SuSanikis metyve-
leba mxolod aseT damoZRvrad warmogvidgeba: `yoveli
saqmÀ keTili, romeli winaaRmdgom codvaTa ars, aRas-
rule, romeli Sesawynarebel ars RmrTisa, romel ars
nayofi simarTlisa~ (abulaZe 1938: 115);
3. cixeSi gamomwyvdeul SuSanikTan Sedis iakobi. igi
mogviTxrobs: `da vixile tarigi (kravi) igi qristÀsi
Suenierad viTarca sZali Semkuli sakrvelTa maTgan,
da me viTar ver damiTmo gulman, vtirode friad~
(abulaZe 1938: 105). kontrastis principze damyarebuli
es alegoria, Ziri rom wminda werilSi aqvs, WeSmariti
196
xelovanis madliT aciskrovnebs samsxverplod Semar-
Tul qalis saxes da martvilis irgvliv Camomdgar
wyvdiads. iakob xucesma amqveyniuri pativis momaswave-
bel samkaulTa nacvlad borkilebiT `Semkuli~ da
qristes sasZlod gamzadebuli SuSanikis sulieri amaR-
leba dagvixata. qriste, rogorc zeciuri sasiZo, da
mowameobrivi aRsasruli, rogorc RvTaebrivi qorwine-
bis aqti, farTod gavrcelebuli motivia qristianul
mwerlobaSi. sulieri srulyofis qristianobamdeli
gza adamianis arss moiazrebda xolme RvTaebrivi sasi-
Zos saxiT. TviTSemecnebis gzaze Semdgari pirovneba
`sZlad~ iyo simbolurad gaazrebuli~ (gigineiSvili
1978: 231).
axla vnaxoT, rogor gamoiyureba imave epizodis
somxuri versia: `movida karisa igi xucesi da misca sa-
fasÀ mcvelTa maT, da Sevida winaSe netarisa mis de-
doflisa da ixila igi borkiliTa miT, aRsavsÀ sixa-
ruliTa da SuebiTa daucxromelsa fsalmunebasa, da
hambors uyo borkilTa netarisaTa da hnatrida mas,
romelman eseviTari moTminebaÁ saxelisaTÂs RmrTisa
itÂrTa da tanjvaÁ da borkili Seiwynara, da hrqua:
`netar xar Sen dedaTa Soris, WeSmaritad keTilisa
Zirisa keTili morCi gamosCndi...~ (abulaZe 1938:
104). rogorc vxedavT, aq dednis mkrTali aCrdili-
Raa darCenili. mTargmnels xom marto erTi azri amoZ-
ravebs, rogorme qarTul niadags moswyvitos nawarmo-
ebi da meSvide Tu merved ityvis, rom dedofalis wi-
naprebi didgvarovanni da saxelovani mamuliSvilebi
iyvnen.
4. saxareba gvaswavlis: ìyos qvelis-saqme Seni faru-
lad~; mcired morwmuneni da orgulni `SesakrebelTa
Soris da ubanTa zeda~ loculoben, `raÁTa uCuenon
kacTa~, rom RvTismosavni arian. asketuri Rvwa Tu
gamoifineba da aqcentirdeba, igi Rvawlad ar CaiTvle-
ba (maTe, 6,5-6). iakob xucesi mogviTxrobs, rom wminda
SuSaniki asketurad cxovrobda mTeli 6 wlis sigrZeze
(gamorCeulad _ didmarxvis dReebSi), magram amgvar
Rvawls sagangebod aridebda `kacTa Tualsa~. sapyro-
bilis senakSi àlizi erTi daidvis sasTunal. da qu-
197
esageblad iyo girjaki erTi Zueli da kacTa Tualsa
_ sasTauli erTi xalenisa ucn sasTunliT kerZo~
(abulaZe 1938: 112-113). martvils alizis aguri aqvs sas-
Tumlad, magram sxvebis dasanaxad (`kacTa Tualsa~)
sasTumlis mxares èrTi xalenisa~ (samoseli tyavisa,
qurTuki) edo. Tavmdablobis saTnoebis ufro sayurad-
Rebo gansaxireba ki is iyo, rom martvils `Sinagan Za-
ZaÁ emosa da ara vin icoda Cemsa gareSeo, _ mogviTx-
robs iakob xucesi, _ xolo garegan kacTa Tualsa an-
tioqiisa palekarti emosa~. moZRvarma yvelaferi icoda
da sulieri Svili eubneba xucess: `nu vis Tana ityÂ
ZaZisa samoslisaTÂso~ (abulaZe 1938: 114).
somxur teqstSi asketuri Rvwis orive faqti aRniS-
nulia, magram arc erTgan araa miTiTebuli, rom saT-
noebasa da qvelmoqmedebas dedofali uCumrad akeTebs,
Tavmdablurad, `kacTa TvalisaTvis~ SeumCnevlad.
* * *
trafaretuli, mSrali, elementaruli fsiqologi-

uri da mxatvruli simarTlisagan, sicocxlis uSualo-
bisagan daSretili pasaJebi mravalia somxur versiaSi.
qarTuli redaqciis mixedviT, xucesi rom pirvelad
xvdeba sapitiaxSo sasaxlidan eklesiaSi Svilebianad
ganridebul SuSaniks, `ganmwarebuls~, `mis Tanave atir-
deba~, gaamxnevebs sulier Svils da mere eubneba: `vi-
Tar gegulebis, miTxar me, raÁTa uwyodi da aRvwero
SromaÁ Seni~. martvili kategoriuli da damajerebeli
toniT acxadebs, rom uwinares sikvdils airCevs, vidre
qmarTan Serigebas. es epizodi gadasulia somxur ver-
siaSi, magram mravlismetyveli feriscvalebiT: `da mo-
uxda karis xucesi igi da hrqua dedofalsa mas...~ ra
erqva am karis xucess, amokveTilia. is cnobac gamqr-
alia, rom xucesi dedoflis Rvawlis aRweras epireba.
unda gavugoT gadamkeTebels! maSin xom gamoCndeboda,
rom nawarmoebis avtori qarTvelia da nawarmoebi
qarTulia?!
axla movusminoT, ras eubneba, somxuri versiiT, usa-
xelod darCenili `karis xucesi~ saxelovan dedo-
198
fals: `raÁ daidev gonebasa da raÁ gegulebis qmnad~ am
ubedurebis sapasuxodo. `miugo dedofalman man da
hrqua: èseni stanjaven sulsa Cemsa, da SvilTa CemTa
ganwirulebaÁ da urvaÁ, rameTu uwyi qmrisa uSjulo-
ebaÁ da misTÂs ganvagrZob glovasa da viwylÂ cremli-
Ta~... da iwyeba glovaTa da cremlTa uxerxulad grZe-
li niaRvari, romelic TiTqmis wignis or gverds mo-
icavs: `vin ara iglovdes eseodenisa warwymedisa ham-
bavsa, romel gaismis? romelni sasmenelni moixunen ham-
bavTa warwymedisaTa, romelTa ara aqus sasoebaÁ nuge-
SiniscemisaÁ? romelTa saxilvelTa itÂrTon xilvaÁ
kacisa uSjuloÁsa da RmrTisa uvaris myofelisaÁ? ro-
melsa sityuasa Zal uc miTxrobaÁ esodenTa amaT Wir-
Ta ubadrukebisa da ZÂrisaTaÁ? romelsa hambavsa siku-
dilisasa, _ romeli esreT warswymeds sulsa da Ãor-
csa geheniasa Sina? romelsa mkudarsa, romeli ara
utevebdes nawilsa rasme nugeSiniscemisasa maxlobel-
Ta TÂsTa queyanisasa? romliTa ganvagdo glovaÁ...~ da
ase Semdeg. erTi winadadebis Semdeg ki cota sxva Sina-
arsis, magram imave stilis glovis xma gvesmis, isev
ise monotonuri: àrca zedamdgomelni, arca moyuasni,
arca sayuarelni, arca monani, arca mÃevalni, arca
saxleulni, arca ucxoni, arca mwirni, arca Sorielni,
arca maxlobelni da arca vin queynierTagani...~ (abula-
Ze 1938: 84-85). mTargmneli meoredac gamoiyenebs am sti-
listur formas (abulaZe 1938: 92), xolo mesamed mis va-
riacias mimarTavs (abulaZe 1938: 99). citirebuli fra-
zebiT ar amoiwureba am erTi epizodis teqsti, trafa-
retuli ritorikiT, moTqmiTa da cremlebis RvriT
uSurvelad gajerebuli. amdeni cremlis, godebisa da
usasoobis suliskveTebiT somxuri versiis mTavari gmi-
ri, cxadad sxvaobs iakob xucesis nawarmoebis mTavari
personaJisagan. qarTuli redaqciis mTavari gmiri am-
JRavnebs tkivils, igi araa ubzaro monoliTi, magram
WeSmariti xelovanis SesaSuri mwerluri ZalisxmeviT
mkiTxvels warmoudgeba viTarca samagaliTod Tavis
ufali. jvarze amaRlebis, sikvdilis miRebis, sikvdi-
liT sikvdilis damarcxebis mxedruli paTosi, SuSani-
kis pirovnebas rom ase aciskrovnebs nawarmoebis qar-
199
Tuli redaqciis furclebze, Camqralia somxur versi-
aSi, vinaidan igi ori eris istoriul-kulturuli me-
toqeobis xanaSi iwereba da am interesebis msaxurebam
Seiwira sxva interesebi.
TviTmiznurad, raTa Targmnilis originalad aRqmis
STabeWdileba Segveqmnes, `beravs~ mTargmneli teqstis
moculobas. radgan saamiso faqtobriv masalas ver
iSovnida, igi, rogorc vnaxeT, xelovnurad Seakowiwebs
mogonebebs somxur eTnosTan gmiris siaxlovisa (rac,
ra Tqma unda, TavisTavad sadavo ar aris, magram situ-
aciis konkretul Sinaarss ver uxorcdeba), amoyris
qarTuli sinamdvilis faqtebs da nawarmoebs avrcobs
grZeli saRvTismetyvelo tiradebiT, Teologiur sja-
Ta siuxviT, maRalfardovan samoselSi rom arian gamo-
wyobilni. amis kvalobaze mZimea ena Txzulebisa, sti-
li _ monotonuria. amaze metyveli epizodebi mravalze
mravladaa somxur teqstSi. samagaliTod erTi ukve
movixmeT cota zeviT (`vin ara iglovdes esodens war-
wymedisa hambavsa...~ (abulaZe 1938: 83-84). ai, kidev erTi
nimuSi: martvili RaRadebs: ùfalo RmerTo Cemo, Sen
gesav, Semiwyale me, Semiwyale, romel ege Semwe xar um-
weoTa, warwirulTa imedi, ugincoTa ginci da mglova-
reTa nugeSinis cema, aRSfoTebulTa Sueba, SeWirve-
bulTa lxena, zRveulTa samarTali da marTlisa moq-
medi, sneulTa simrTele da mwuxareTa mxiaruleba, dev-
nulTa alagi, SemusrvilTa ganmamrTelebeli, urveul-
Ta farToeba, alqatTa simdidre, daglaxakebulTa mim-
cemeli, damaSuralTa gansueneba, vnebulTa ganmaZli-
erebeli, krulTa ganmtevebeli, menaveTa navTsadguri,
obolTa mama, uTesloTa Tesli, Senda momarT mosavTa
Sesavedrebeli da friadi sasoÁ. momec me Zali da
moTminebaÁ, gankrZalvaÁ uvaris myofelisa mis gulis-
wyromasa...~ (abulaZe 1938: 91) da ase Semdeg. am RaRadi-
sis sruli teqsti erTi amdeni moculobisaa kidev, mag-
ram pirovnuli sulis cocxali vibracia ar gakrTeba
am vrceli teqstis zviadsa da maRalfardovan stilSi.
aseT stils bibliaSive principulad ganerideba qris-
tianuli esTetika; ganerideba bizantiuri da laTi-
nurenovani sasuliero mwerloba. `wminda werili imaT
200
miemarTeba, visac ubralo da morwmune suli udgas;
ubralo suli unda gedgas, raTa eziaro wminda we-
rils, romelic imas ar eswrafvis, rom racionaluri
Cawvdoma mogvawodos, aramed swored gvaziarebs; faru-
li da idumali, rasac wminda werili moicavs, agreTve
ar gadmoicema `maRali stiliT, aramed ubralo sityve-
biT. ase rom, yvelas ZaluZs, TiTqos safexurebze mi-
abijebso, uubraloesidan avides RvTaebrivamde da amaR-
lebulamde. rogorc avgustine ambobs àRsarebaSi~, bav-
SvebiviT unda vkiTxulobdeT wminda werils~ (auerbaxi
1976: 165).
WeSmariti mwerlis xelSi ena, viTarca `yofierebis
savane~ (m. haidegeri), pirdapiri metyvelebisa da di-
alogis formiT iqceva personaJis sulieri samyaros
wvdomis erTob metyvel mxatvrul saxed. zemoT mxo-
lod ori aseTi epizodi davasaxeleT.
nacem-nagvemi, SejaWvuli dedofali varsqens cixeSi
mihyavs. `diakoni vinme erTi mis episkoposisaÁ dga wmi-
disa SuSanikis Tana mas Jamsa, romelsa gamohyvanda igi
taZriT, da unda, raÁTamca hrqua, Tu `mtkiced deg!~ da
Tuali hkida pitiaxSman, sxuaÁ verRa raÁ scalda sit-
yuad, esTen oden hrqua: `mtki...~ da dadumna xolo da
sivltolad iwyo swrafiT~ (abulaZe 1938: 101-102). davak-
virdeT: jer mxolod usityvobaze, personaJis usityvo
Jestze metyvelebs mwerlis sityva: varsqenma mrisxane-
biT anTebuli Tvalebi TvalebSi gauyara diakons
(`Tvali hkida~); Cans, SeumCnevia, rom RvTismsaxuris sa-
xeze da TvalebSi martvilisadmi Tanadgoma ikiTxebo-
da. diakonma ki SemarTa nugeSis sityva, magram im wams
da im wertilze, roca da sadac orma mzeram erTmane-
Ti gadahkveTa, diakons sityva gauwyda, dadumda. es im-
gvari dumilia, ragvarzec saukuneebis mere poeti ity-
vis _ `dumili rekavso~ (m. maWavariani).
varsqenis sulSi dabudebuli eSmaki kidev erTxel
gascems Tavis Tavs sxva epizodSi, da gascems mxolod
oriode sityviT; pitiaxSma rom dedofali cixis sakan-
Si `daabinava~ da `jaWvi dahbeWda beWdiTa TÂsiTa~,
martvili ityvis: `me amas mxiarul var, raÁTa aqa vi-
tanjo da mun ganvisueno~. xolo pitiaxSman hrqua mas:
201
`he, he, ganisuene!~ (abulaZe 1938: 103). sulis gamyinavi
sicive da cinizmi amoaqvs am sam sityvas varsqenis Si-
nagani samyaros wyvdiadidan.
xelT gvaqvs niWieri mwerlis mier mwerluri niWi-
erebis Sesaxeb daweril mSvenier narkvevTa avtoris
Tamaz WilaZis naSromi _ ìakob curtavelis `SuSani-
kis wameba~. avtori sagangebod SeCerdeba iakob xucesi-
sa da wminda SuSanikis pirveli dialogis esTetikur
Rirsebaze da ityvis: àq yoveli fraza TiTqmis ada-
mianis sulis ufskrulidanaa amosrolili, raTa erTi
wamiT CaisunTqos amqveyniuri haeri da isev saidumlo
wiaRs daubrundes. es aris dialogi, romelsac Seqspi-
ric ki moawerda xels~.
Znelad dasajerebelia, rom sityvieri xelovnebis
aseTi nimuSebi ar iyo `wamebis~ pirvelad redaqciaSi,
somxurSi (aseTad xom somexi mkvlevarni miiCneven
somxur teqsts) da gaCnda meoradSi, qarTulSi (aseTad
xom unda miviCnioT qarTuli, Tu somxuria pirveladi).
egeb sulac amitom daiduma k. s. ter-davTianma, roca
mravalmilionian mkiTxvels daumala `SuSanikis wame-
bis~ qarTul enaze arsebobis faqti.
`SuSanikis wamebis~ somxuri versiis dialogur si-
tuaciebSi personaJis sityviT personaJisave xatvis is
Rirsebani, razec zemoT vsaubrobdiT, TiTqmis ar aris,
Camqralia. gmiris metyveleba faqtebisa da movlenebis,
sakuTari fiqrebisa Tu gancdebis informaciuli, lo-
gikuri Txrobis formiTaa mowodebuli, zogjer RvTis-
metyveluri argumentebiTacaa mokazmuli.
dednis zogierTi mxatvruli monakveTi, erTi pasaJi,
erTi mTeli mTargmnels dauSlia, daukuwavs da ucvle-
lad Tu variaciebiT gadautania sxvagan, erTi detali
_ erTgan, meore _ sul sxva adgilas (damokidebulebis
kvalis wasaSlelad). magaliTisTvis movixmoT SuSani-
kis pirveli monologi somxuri redaqciidan. igi sakma-
od vrcelia da ZiriTadad RvTaebis Zlevamosilebisa
da sikeTis Sesaxeb zogadi moTxrobaa. faqtobrivi da
sagulisxmo monologis bolosaa: `da aw, ufalo iesu
qriste, Sen Segavedreb Tavsa Cemsa da amaT, romeli ege
xar ufal da RmerT, xolo me mzad var Sewynarebad
202
tanjvaTa da mosikudid saxelisa magis Senisa wmindi-
saTÂs. da ara veziaro nebaTa uvaris myofelisa da
bilwisa mis TanamecxedrisaTa~ (abulaZe 1938: 81). xaz-
gasmuli sityvebi STagonebulia SuSanik-iakobis pirve-
li dialogidan: moZRvris gafrTxilebas, didi gansac-
deli geliso, qali ase upasuxebs: `xuces, da meca
didsa Ruawlsa ganmzadebul var~ (abulaZe 1938: 82-83).
iqve, xucesis SekiTxvaze: `mtkiced sdgaa?~ _ dedofali
miugebs: `nu iyofin Cemda, Tumca veziare saqmeTa da
codvaTa varsqenisTa~ (somexi mTargmneli kidev or
sxva SemTxvevaSi gamoiyenebs citirebul sityvebs SuSa-
nikis _ abulaZe 1938: 86, 99). rac dedanSi dialogSia,
TargmanSi monologSia. dialogi ki, gamokveTilad saq-
miani da konkretuli garemos gamTvaliswinebeli, TiT-
qmis mTlianad gamotovebulia mTargmnelis mier swo-
red konkretulobis gamo.
varsqenisagan SuSanikis gvemis pasaJSi iakobi mogvi-
Txrobs, rom qalis `Suelad aRdga jojiki, ZmaÁ misi,
da ibrZodes... da WiriT, viTarca kravi mgelsa, gamo-
uRo ÃelTa misTa~ (abulaZe 1938: 94). TargmanSi, marTa-
lia, mxatvrulad mkrTalad, magram es scena aris, Tum-
ca Cvengan xazgasmuli mxatvruli detali ar moipove-
ba. roca pasaJma mxatvruli faqturis es plastikuri
da dasamaxsovrebeli Strixic dakarga, dedanze damo-
kidebulebis kvali, marTlac, sakmaod waiSala. magram
mTargmneli am poetur detals mainc ver Selevia da
igi sxvagan gadautania, kvlav varsqenisagan SuSanikis
gvemis sxva epizodSi: `da ver vin Ãel-iwifa Sebmad da
ganyrad mglisagan kravisa mis qristÀsisa~ (abulaZe
1938: 100). somxuri redaqciis am scenaSi jojiki sulac
ara Cans, rac xsenebuli mxatvruli pasaJis namdvil
wyaros mizandasaxulad bundovans xdis, dednisaTvis
niSneul mxatvrul sicxovelesa da uSualobas asus-
tebs. dednis poeturi tonusis da uSualobis Sesuste-
bisa da daSretis ieriT saerTod aRbeWdilia mTar-
gmnel-redaqtorTagan Catarebuli yvela operacia.
kvali iSleba ara marto gamoklebiT, aramed gulux-
vad SematebiTac, saqmeSi sagangebod Cauxedav mkiTx-
vels uCndeba iluzia qarTulisagan somxuri versiis
203
damoukideblobisa, vinaidan meore TiTqmis orjer aRe-
mateba pirvels moculobiT.
dednis mixedviT, momakvdavi SuSaniki erT frazas (12
sityva) ityvis. somxuri redaqciis mixedviT, momakvdavi
dedofali 144 sityvisagan (statistika Zvel somxur
enas, teqsts emyareba) Semdgar vrcel monologs warmo-
Tqvams, sadac arc zogadi saRvTismetyvelo debulebe-
bia daviwyebuli, arc erovnul-saeklesio idealebi,
arc momakvdavis winaparni, `sayuarelni~ RvTisani rom
yofilan (abulaZe 1938: 118). bunebrivi alogizmis garda,
sikvdilis winaSe aseTi mravalsityvaoba esTetikuri
alogizmia Sua saukuneebis msoflmxedvelobisaTvis. du-
mili da mWevrmetyvelebaze xelis aReba, roca sikvdi-
lis pirispir vdgavarT, eTikuri da esTetikuri normaa
bibliaSi (isaia, 53, 7; maTe, 26, 62-63; markozi, 14, 61) da
mTel qristianul literaturaSi (origeni, romanoz
melodosi, Teofilaqte bulgareli; Sead. averincevi
1977: 71).
qarTuli nawarmoebis somxurad gadamkeTebeli gada-
keTebis kvalis waSliT isea gatacebuli, ise uzomod
`beravs~ somxuri versiis moculobas, rom siuJetis
ganviTareba, kompoziciuri naxazi mravalgan Caxergi-
lia, nawarmoebis mTlianobis gancda erTob Seferxebu-
lia. SuSaniki èsreT iyo ganZlierebuli RmrTis moyu-
arebiTa~, _ gvauwyebs somxuri versia, _ rom veravi-
Tari gaWirveba da ubedureba ver aferxebda asketur
Rvawls, keTil saqmeebs, da amas moyveba epiTetTa niaR-
vari: martvilis suli iyo `wmidaÁ, ubiwoÁ, Seuginebe-
li, codvaTa moZulÀ, marTali, WeSmariti, wrfeli, siw-
midisa moyuarÀ, qvelisa moyuarÀ, mdabali, mSÂdi, mor-
Cili, yudroÁ, mowyalÀ, glaxakT-moyuarÀ, stumarT mo-
yuarÀ, mmarxveli, mRÂZarÀ, mlocveli, mosurvÀ, cremlT-
moyuarÀ, Sromisa moyuarÀ, saqmisa moyuarÀ, nayofieri,
swavlisa moyuarÀ, msmeneli, ZÂr-uÃsenebeli, uSurveli,
Tavdadebuli, ganurisxebeli, upovarebisa moyuarÀ, ve-
cxlisa ara moyuarÀ, didebisa ara moyuarÀ, aramed
RmrTis moyuarÀ, gulis Ãmieri, brZeni, ganmzraxi,
marTl-moqmedi, RmrTis msaxuri, ganSorebuli yovelTa
ZÂrTa saqmeTagan...~ (abulaZe 1938: 98).
204
qarTuli nawarmoebis somxurad gadamkeTebeli xvde-
ba, rom gadakeTebis kvalis dasafaravad ar ikmarebs
zogad-saRvTismetyvelo gansjaTagan da epiTetTa siux-
viT teqstis gazrda-amovseba, da Txzavs faqtebs, rac
ar momxdara, magram mZafri dramatizmis ieriT aRbeW-
dili ambis konteqstSi marTlad SeiZleba moeCvenoT.
Turme dedoflis tanjva-gvemam Sedegi rom ver gamo-
iRo, pitiaxSma `sxuasa Ronesa mihmarTa. merme pova de-
dakaci erTi grZneuli da miT rudunebda missa daÃsna-
sa Suenierisa Sjulisagan. xolo dedakacman man Tavs
idva; da weliwadsa erTsa hbrZavda mas eseviTariTa sa-
eSmakoÁTa gonebiTa pitiaxSi igi da vera raÁ Zal edva
qmnad~... (abulaZe 1938: 110).
gadasxvanairebis sagangebo cdas, rogorc mosalod-
neli iyo, arabunebrivisa da aralogikuris ieri miucia
zogierTi scenisaTvis. dednis mixedviT, iakob-SuSani-
kis pirveli Sexvedris scenaSi qali SesCivis sulier
mamas: `Cemda martoÁsa arian Wirni ese~. xucesi anuge-
Sebs: `Wiri Seni Wiri Cueni ars da sixaruli Seni sixa-
ruli Cueni ars. Cueni ara xolo Tu dedofali oden
iyav, aramed Cuen yovelTa viTarca SvilTa guxedevd~.
imave scenaSi, Targmanis mixedviT, xucesi aseTi sityve-
biT `ganamtkicebda da nugeSinis scemda netarsa mas~:
`moiRuawe Ruawli igi keTili~, raTa `mieaxlo RmerTsa,
romeli SemZlebel ars yovlisa, daRacaTu aravin
givis erTsuli, romelman guliTad iurvos SenTÂs~
(abulaZe 1938: 82-83). veraferi nugeSi da ganmtkicebaa.
axla gavixsenoT iakob xucesis mier fsiqologiuri
simarTliTa da sizustiT moTxrobili ambavi, Tu ro-
gor CaeSala pitiaxSs colis Semosarigeblad sagange-
bod mowyobili scena purobisa: SuSaniki gakerpda da
mazlis udanaSaulo cols umizezod ganurisxda. wo-
nasworobadakargulma pitiaxSma saSinlad scema dedo-
fals. somxuri versiidan Rvinis daTxevisa da Wiqis sa-
xeSi Selewvis erTob dasamaxsovrebeli detali amoW-
rilia: SuSanikma xeli arafers axlo da serobis da-
sasruls dumiliT miaSura Tavis senakso. varsqens me-
re mosvlia guli, àRimRvra risxviTao~, wavida da sas-
tikad scema urC colsao (abulaZe 1938: 93). cxadia, rom
205
cxovreba Tavis Tavs naklebad hgavs aseTi variantis
mixedviT. magram gadamkeTebeli amas ar dagidevs. mas
xom WeSmariti xelovanisTvis niSneuli impulsi ar
amoZravebs da SuSanikis Rvawlis oden somexTa sasiqa-
dulod `gadamkeTebelma~ wmindanis saxes xinji Tu uxe-
rxuloba aarida. adamianis idealurobis qristianuli
esTetikuri koncefcia ki Seiwynarebs adamianur sisus-
tes, Sinagan winaaRmdegobas. iakob curtavelis Txzu-
lebaSi sicocxliseul uSualobiT feTqavs drama Si-
nagani winaaRmdegobisa; avtori mxatvaria, `sicocxlis
procesis~ mxatvari sicocxlisave uSualobis formiT.
saerTod, Targmnili versiis personaJebs cxadad
akliaT namdvilobis ieri, sqematurad gamoiyurebian.
iakob xucesis gmirebi sisxlsavse, mZafri adamianuri
vnebebiT avsebuli pirovnebebi arian. ìakobi TiTqos
qvaSi Wris cocxali adamianebis saxeebs, imdenad co-
cxals, rom dResac, TxuTmeti saukunis mere, didi in-
teresiT vakvirdebiT maT, radgan bolomde Seucnobel-
ni arian CvenTvis. isini imodena sasicocxlo energiiT
arian damuxtulni, ise sasicocxlod arian `momarTul-
ni~ didi Semoqmedis mier, rom dRemde ar dakargvia maT
xmas JRera, maT Tvals _ cecxli da maTs moqmedebas _
mniSvneloba~ (WilaZe 1978). samwuxarod, somxur versi-
aSi bevri ram dakargulia.
somxur versias nebsiT Tu uneblied erTgvari gan-
cxadebiTac aRubeWdavs kidec gamokreba-gadakeTebis am
operaciebis faqti. am teqsts, nametnavad im adgilebSi,
sadac igi originals scildeba da kvecs, aseTi fra-
zebi Semounaxavs: `da sxuaTaca mravalTa vedrebaTa
cremliTa Seswirvida ufalsa~ (abulaZe 1938: 81); `da
sxÂTa mravliTa sityÂTa ganamtkicebda~ (abulaZe 1938:
83); `da sxÂTa mravliTa sityÂTa hgodebda~ (abulaZe
1938: 87). es frazebi rTuli filologiuri operaciebis
uneblie anareklia, Sobili mSobelTan siaxlovis niS-
nebis gamxelas moridebia (Tumca, rogorc es i. abula-
Zem aCvena, somxuri versia pirdapir imeorebs dednis
bevr monakveTs).
yovelive amas logikuri kvali daumCnevia Targmni-
li Txzulebis arqiteqtonikaze. kompoziciuri naxazi
206
aq gamoukveTelia, mTeli da detali arabunebrivi zo-
misaa, siuJeturi monakveTebi xSirad avtonomiurad
gamoiyurebian erTmaneTis mimarT. iakob xucesis naSro-
mis Sinagani Tanazomiereba da klasikuri mTlianoba
sxva mxatvrul komponentebTan erTad SesamCnevad ga-
uxunebia iseT damokidebulebas, romelsac ufro gada-
keTeba unda davarqvaT, vidre Cveulebrivi Targmani.
msgavsi ram, roca Targmnisa da gadakeTebis procesSi
nawarmoebis mxatvruli Rirebuleba iklebs, literatu-
ris istoriaSi bunebrivia. sapirispiro movlena ki
jerjerobiT ucnobia.
k. s. ter-davTians sul ar akrTobs is garemoeba,
rom `SuSanikis wamebis~ qarTuli da somxuri redaqci-
ebis rusuli Targmanebi SeiZleba win daidos rusuli
enis mcodne literatorma, mecnierma Tu ubralod da-
interesebulma mkiTxvelma, rusma, germanelma Tu in-
gliselma, da mxatvrul-esTetikuri TvalsazrisiT muS-
tris TvaliT waikiTxos da erTmaneTs Seudaros isini.
daajerebs ki somexi mecnieris rixiani gancxadeba _
somxuri teqsti `margalitiao~ _ WeSmaritebis maZi-
ebels?! miT ufro ver daajerebs, raki k. s. ter-davTi-
ani malavs qarTuli redaqciis arsebobas; im azris
gamokveTas ki Seuwyobs xels, rom somexi mecnieri, me-
ti rom ara vTqvaT, aramecnierulad iqceva?!
da Tu amgvari garjisaTvis ver moicala dainterese-
bulma mkiTxvelma, SeiZleba sxva gziT gaerkves WeSma-
ritebaSi: rusul enaze gamocemul krebulSi somxuri
hagiografiuli Txzulebebis mxatvruli Rirebulebis
dasadgenad upirvelesad waikiTxavs `SuSanikis wame-
bas~, viTarca `margalits~, da naklebad mosalodne-
lia, rom mere, sxva nawarmoebebs mohkidos xeli. amis
Taobaze ityvis b. kilanava: àlbaT, TviT somxuri si-
tyvieri kulturis prestiJisaTvis araa xelsayreli,
Caagono mravalmilionian mkiTxvels, rom `wamebis~ som-
xuri teqsti (romelic, cxadia, somxuri literaturu-
li faqticaa) warmoadgenso `Zveli somxuri literatu-
ris margalits~. Zvel somxur mwerlobas marTlac bev-
ri margaliti moepoveba, magram, uwinaresad TviT some-
xi mkiTxvelis gasaxarad, maTSi ar brwyinavs mxatvru-
207
li TvalsazrisiT `SuSanikis wamebis~ arsebiTad mdare
Targmani~ (kilanava 1978).
P.S. erTi Seusabamobac SeiniSneba `SuSanikis wamebis~

somxur versiis rusuli gamocemis komentarebSi. qvemo
qarTlis Sesaxeb, sadac iSleba moqmedeba iakob xuce-
sis Txzulebis mixedviT, k. s. ter-davTiani ambobs: `На-
селение Гугарка было смешанным, с преобладанием армянского
этнического элемента и языка. Известно, что Шушаник ввела в
Цуртавской церкви богослужение на армянском языке, что
превратило Цуртав в один из центров армянской культуры~ (ter-
davTiani 1973: 195). rom qvemo qarTlSi somxuri eTniku-
ri elementi da ena ki ara, qarTuli iyo ganmsazRvre-
li, es sxva saistorio wyaroebs rom Tavi davaneboT,
arc somxuri Txzulebis _ èpistoleTa wignis~ im
cnobiT mtkicdeba, romelsac komentatori aq emyareba:
swored is, rom SuSanikma Semoitana am kuTxeSi RvTis-
msaxureba somxur enaze, adasturebs, rom aq cxadad da
gamokveTilad sWarbobda qarTuli eTnikuri elementi
da ena, da kulturul-istoriuli ganviTareba-daaxlo-
ebis kvalobaze, RvTismsaxureba mSobliur enaze erov-
nuli umciresobis im pirTaTvisac SemouRiaT, romle-
bic aqamde qarTul eklesiaSi modiodnen sakulto
saWiroebisaTvis.
komentatoris am SeniSvnis WeSmaritebas `SuSanikis
wamebis~ somxuri versiac ar adasturebs. aq moTxrobi-
lia, rom cixeSi gamomwyvdeuli dedoflis sanaxavad
da sanugeSeblad modian qarTveli mRvdelmTavrebi,
`Tavica igi episkoposTaÁ samoel da iovane episkopo-
si... egreTve did-didni aznaurnica da aznaurni da
dedofalni da sxuanica zepurni soflisa mis qarTli-
sani~ (abulaZe 1938: 116). rogor movarigoT yovelive es
k. s. ter-davTianis istoriul-geografiul komentar-
Tan? cixeSi itanjeba somexi eris Svili, mxareSi sWar-
bobs somxuri eTnikuri elementi da saxelganTqmuli
da sasiqadulo somexi dedoflis sanaxavad aravin mo-
vida somexTagan?! nawarmoebis Targmnili versiis Sem-
qmnelic ki, romelsac swored erovnuli tendenciebis
208
kvalobaze ucvlia dedani, krints ar Zravs qvemo qar-
TlSi mcxovreb somexTa Sesaxeb. Cans, igi fiqrobda,
rom gadakeTeba-gamogonebac ar SeiZleba iyos usazRvro.
damowmebani:
abulaZe 1938: abulaZe i. iakob curtaveli. martvilobaÁ SuSani-

kisi. qarTuli da somxuri teqstebi gamosca, gamokvleva, varian-
tebi, leqsikoni da saZieblebi daurTo il. abulaZem. tf.:
saxelmwifo universitetis gamomcemloba, 1938.
averincevi 1977: Аверинцев С. Поэтика ранневизантийской литературы.
М.: 1977.
auerbaxi 1976: Ауэрбах Э. Мимесис. Изображение действительности в
западноевропейской литературе. М.: 1976.
wameba~. saunje, #6, 1978.
kekeliZe 1980: kekeliZe k. Zveli qarTuli literaturis isto-
ria. I4, Tb.: `mecniereba~, 1980.
redaqciaTa urTierTmimarTebis erTi aspeqti. // `SuSanikis wame-
ba~ (gamokvlevebi da werilebi). Tb.: Tsu gamomcemloba, 1978.
oniani 1978: oniani S. iakob xucesis `wamebaÁ wmidisa SuSani-
kisi~. Tb.: `mecniereba~, 1978.
ter-davTiani 1973: Тер-Давтян К. Памятники армянской агиографии. Вып.
I. Ереван, 1973.
farulava 1979a: farulava g. feriscvaleba poeturi sityvisa.
saunje, # 6, 1979.
farulava 1979b: farulava g. didi karibWe erovnuli kulturi-
sa. `ciskari~, #10, 1979.
209
Griver Parulava
Towards the Reciprocal Action of Georgian and Armenian

Editions of "The Martyrdom of Saint Shushanik"
Summary
After the rupture between the Georgian and Armenian churches in

the VII century, one the oldest Georgian literary monuments The
Passion of Saint Shushanik (V century) was translated into the
Armenian language and was declared as the monument of the Armenian
literature. The Georgian famous scientists I. Javakhishvili, I. Abuladze,
K. Kekelidze and others in their works provided the completely clear
and well-reasoned historical and philological argumentation that the first
and earliest was the Georgian version. The Armenian one was of a later
period, was borrowed from the Georgian version and then edited. The
end of the last century was marked by yet another attempt to declare the
Armenian version, adapted from the Georgian text, as an original
literary work, the “gem” of the Armenian literature (K.S. Ter-Davityan).
The aim of the present essay is to supplement the historical and
philological documents concerning the transfer of the literary work from
one cultural environment into another with various motifs, including
those obtained through the literary and aesthetic comparison. It is
unambiguously clear that the original Georgian version eclipses the
translated Armenian version. The rapture between the churches and
mutual contradictions sacrificed the literary and aesthetic virtues of the
original version of this literary work.
210
giorgi alibegaSvili
,,SuSanikis wameba“ da ,,wmida sofiasa da misi

asulebis martviloba“
(hagiografiuli paralelebi)
iakob xucesis Txzulebaze mravali gamokvlevaa Seq-

mnili. am nawarmoebiT daintereseba arasodes Senele-
bula da arc arasdros Seneldeba erTi, garkveuli az-
riT, araordinaluri garemoebis gamo, ris Sesaxebac
araerTgzisaa SeniSnuli: V saukuneSi dawerili ,,wm.
SuSanikis wameba“ literaturulad imdenad mimzidve-
lia, imdenad mxatvrulad damuSavebuli enobrivi Tu
saxeobrivi, ,,msaxveblobiTi“ (nikoloz gulaberisZe)
TvalsazrisiT, rom imdroindeli samwerlobo moTxov-
nilebebis ganmsazRvreli bizantiuri hagiografiis ze-
dapiruli Tvalis gadavlebiTac ki Cans _ saqme maRal
literaturasTan gvaqvs, da ara mxolod adreuli Sua
saukuneebis gadasaxedidan. Tuki termin ,,weras“ hagiog-
rafiasTan mimarTebiT imave mniSvnelobiT vigulis-
xmebT, rogorc kedlis mxatvrobasa (freskebis) da xat-
weraSi (ikonografiaSi) gamoiyeneba, SeiZleba iTqvas,
rom ,,wm. SuSanikis wameba“ TiTqos ,,amovardnilia“
Tavisi epoqis mxatvruli moTxovnebis CarCodan; is es-
Tetikuri parametrebiT ufro ,,wm. abos wamebisa“ da
,,wm. grigol xancTelis cxovrebis“ gverdiT dgas;
Tumca, ra Tqma unda, iakob xucesis, ioane sabanisZisa
da giorgi merCules Txzulebebi, upirveles yovlisa,
sarwmunoebriv-RvTismetyvelebiTi Zeglebia.
rac Seexeba narkvevis saTaurSi gamotanili anonimi
bizantieli avtoris nawarmoebs, romlis sruli saTa-
uria ,,wamebaÁ wmidaTa dedaTaÁ _ sofiaÁsi da asulTa
misTaÁ _ pistisi, elpidisi da aRapisi“: is 14 Tavisgan
Sedgeba da CarTulia ,,Zvel metafrasul krebulebSi“;
wmidanTa xsenebis dRed 17 (30) seqtemberia dawesebuli.
Tu ratom SevaCereT yuradReba qarTul ZeglTan Sesa-
dareblad konkretulad am Txzulebaze, sxva mizezebs
Soris sam umTavress gamovyofT: upirveles yovlisa,
211
isini adreuli Sua saukuneebis epoqis martvilni ari-
an; Semdeg: marTalia, sofia da misi asulebi (ewamnen
daaxl. 137 wels) iseTi popularulni ar arian qarTul
saeklesio tradiciebSi, rogorc sxva ucxo erovnebis
wmida dedani, vTqvaT, wm. barbare, wm. ekaterine an wm.
ivlita, magram maT sagangebo pativs miageben bizantiur
da slavur RvTismsaxurebaSi; aqedan gamomdinare, Zeg-
li didi rwmeniTi gulisyuriTa da Sesabamisi litera-
turuli moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiTaa dawerili;
amasTanaa dakavSirebuli Cveni arCevanis mesame mizezi:
moTxroba metafrasuladaa gadamuSavebuli anu ,,garda-
kazmuli“ (wm. efrem mcire); es procesi ki 982 wlidan
wm. svimeon metafrasma wamoiwyo, romlis mizanic kime-
nuri anu uwindeli litoni, martivi da uSveri sityve-
biT aRwerili wmidanebis cxoreba-wamebaTa teqstebis
mxatvruli daxvewa iyo. ase rom, ,,wm. sofiasa da misi
asulebis martviloba“, faqtobrivad, arauadres X sa-
ukunis literaturuli moTxovnilebebis mixedviTaa ga-
damuSavebuli _ SeiZleba iTqvas, rom esaa wamebiTi
JanrisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli savaldebulo principe-
biT dawerili hagiografiis klasikuri nimuSi.
qarTul da bizantiur Zeglebs Soris, bunebrivia,
mravali ,,msaxvelobiTi“ paraleli iZebneba, magram ma-
Ti mxatvruli gadmocema Tu ,,wera“ avtorTa ostatoba-
ze sxvadasxvagvarad metyvelebs. imisaTvis, raTa es
azri mxolod zedapirul gancxadebad ar darCes, miv-
yveT bizantiuri Txzulebis Sinaarss da vnaxoT, Tu
amis sailustraciod ra konkretuli magaliTebi aRmo-
gvaCndeba xelT; imasac SevniSnavT, rom teqstebis am
WrilSi ganxilvisas sxva sayuradRebo sakiTxebic iC-
ens Tavs; bizantiuri Zeglis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare,
dakvirvebis Sedegebsac ,,wm. SuSanikis wamebasTan“ kon-
teqstSi gamovitanT.
212
,,wamebaÁ wmidaTa dedaTaÁ _ sofiaÁsi da
asulTa misTaÁ _ pistisi, elpidisi da aRapisi“
uflis moZRvrebis, ,,mecnierebis“ qadagebis gavrce-

lebis Semdeg saimperatoro taxti adrianem (117-138 w.w.)
uRmrTo samaresaviT daipyro; man gansakuTrebuli Tay-
vaniscema gamoavlina uwindeli kerpTmsaxurebisadmi da
yovelgvari xerxiT cdilobda mis aRorZinebas: tyu-
iliT, iZulebiT, liqniT, guliswyromiTa da daSinebiT.
aqve vityviT, rom tiranis Zaladobrivi qmedebis amgva-
ri mravalferovani gamovlineba, rogorc wesi, nebismi-
er martvilologiur Txzulebas axasiaTebs.
swored aRniSnul Jams ,,hromSi“ gamoCnda warmoSo-
biT italieli warCinebuli RvTismosavi dedakaci sofia,
qvrivad darCenili, sami qaliSvilis deda. mis yofas
avtori ase axasiaTebs: ,,iRelveboda cxorebasa amas Si-
nao“ (344. 14-15)∗. ,,cxorebasa amas Sina“ Relvas yvela
qristiani da, miTufro, wmidani acnobierebs rogorc
ubadruk wuTisofelSi fizikuri da warmavali arsebo-
bis amaoebas.
sofias msgavsad, misi asulebic sulisa da xorcis
madliT aRsavseni iyvnen. isini aranairi sacduriT ar
aRtacdnen da ar ,,midrkes uRmrToTa mefeTa sjulisa
mimarT“ (344. 19). aq ukve moyvanilia saxel ,,sofias“
ganmarteba, rogorc xazgasma sami asulis sarwmunoeb-
riv simtkiceze: ,,WeSmaritman man mSobelman saqmiT aCu-
ena wodebaჲ saxelisa Tvisisaჲ, viTar igi iyo mosaxe-
le zecisa sibrZnisaჲ“; zegardmo sibrZne ki, _ SeniS-
navs avtori, _ mociqul iakobis ganmartebiT, aris siw-
mide, mSvidoba, keTilmorwmuneba, mowyaleba -sikeTis
nayofiT gamoRebuli. ,,iginica Svilobasa missa TavTa
Soris TvisTa aCuenebdes WeSmaritad da araraჲ winaaR-
dgomi, arca ucxoჲ iyo rtoTaჲ maT Zirisagan“ (344. 24-
26). es ukanaskneli fraza umrmwesi dis, aRapis msaju-
∗
teqsti mogvyavs ,,Zveli metafrasuli krebulidan“, Tb., 1986. pirveli
cifri gverds aRniSnavs, xolo momdevno _ striqonis an striqonebis
rigiTobas.
213
lisadmi sityvisgebaSic xmiandeba: ,,misve Zirisa rtoჲ
var da misve erTisa muclisa naSobi“ (351. 5-6).
aq mosalodneli iyo, rom ,,sofias“ ganmartebasTan
erTad avtors sami dis saxelTa mniSvnelobanic war-
moedgina: pisti _ rwmena, elpidi _ sasoeba da aRapi _
siyvaruli, magram isini nawarmoebSi, SesaZloa, Tavis-
Tavad mocemulobadaa nagulisxmevi, Tumca sxva mxriv
iqcevs yuradRebas, kerZod: esaa mowamis rwmeniTi sim-
tkicis gamovlinebis safexurebi, romlebsac sabolo-
od martvilobis gzis dasasrulamde mihyavs igi da
terminologiur daniSnulebas iZens _ mowames rwmena
(pisti) aniWebs simxnevesa da sasufevelSi moxvedris
sasoebas (elpidi), amasTanave, moTminebis Zalas, risi
safuZvelic TviT mtarvlis mimarT gamovlenili sibra-
luli, siyvaruli (aRapi) da, TavisTavad, udrekad dgo-
maa, sabolood ki _ ramdenadac es SesaZlebelia, ,,da-
ubrkolebeli gonebis“ (saqme 24. 16), zegardmo sibrZnis
(sofia) wvdomis, ufalTan SeerTebis miznis miRweva.
aki eubnebian kidec qalwulebi msajuls: ,,maSin ufro-
Ás daguaWirvo, ukueTu Seikdimo siWabukisagan da Su-
enierebisa Senda didad aRCenilisa da ara migucne bo-
rotTa satanjvelTa da daguaklne Cuen didni igi da
uzeSTaesni mosagebelni keTilTani“ (347. 12-15). asea:
tiranis Zaladoba xdeba martvilis netarebis aRmomce-
nebeli, rac saRvTo xarebis tolfasia da amas yvela
mowame grZnobs da usvams xazs.
aqve Tavs iCens, zogadad, hagiografiisaTvis damaxa-
siaTebeli erTi Tavisebureba: gavixsenoT, giorgi mer-
Culiseuli Sefaseba martvilisa da ber-monazvnis Rvaw-
lTan dakavSirebiT: meudabnoe mamebi ,,Tanaziar iqmne-
bodes pirvelTa maT marTalTa da monawile wmidaTa
mowameTa, mxndebodes raÁ Rvawlsa mas monazonebisasa
msgavsad wmidaTa mowameTa da ufroჲs maTsa, rameTu
martvilni erTsa xolo Sina Jamsa iwamnes, xolo eseni
yovelsa Jamsa iwamebodes saxelisaTvis qristesisa, vi-
Tarca daviT ityvis: ,,SenTvis movswydebiT Cuen marad-
Re“ (fs. 43. 22); da pavle ityvis: ,,maradRe qristesTvis
movkudebi“ (rom. 8.36). ukueTumca ara iyo daucxromeli
214
brZolaÁ wmidaTaÁ, aramca moixsenes brZolaÁ igi siku-
dilad maradRe“. am Temaze ar SevCerdebiT, mxolod
imas SevniSnavT, rom Tuki umaRles sibrZnesTan ziare-
bis gza martvilisaTvis rwmena, sasoeba da siyvarulia,
meudabnoe berisaTvis es mizani rwmenasTan erTad ubi-
woebis, upovarebisa da morCilebis yoveldRiuri dac-
viTa da wvrTniT, askeziT miiRweva; rwmena monazons
ubiweobis Zalas, sasoeba upovarebis arad miCnevis, xo-
lo siyvaruli morCilebis, mitevebis unars aniWebs.
aseTi iyo RvTaebrivi sibrZnis wvdomisa da ufalTan
SeerTebis savali; Tumca RvTivsaTno cxovreba an mowa-
meobrivi gvirgvini iyo ,,gzaÁ sanatreli da sasurveli
yovelTa qristeaneTaÁ, xolo ara mravalTa mier“ (350.
38-39) Sesamecnebeli.
solomonis sibrZnis bibliuri fraza ,,sibrZneman
iSena Tavisa Tvisisa saxli da queSe Seudgna mas Svid-
ni svetni“ (igavTa 9.1.) nawarmoebSi pirdapir araa miTi-
Tebuli; is wm. sofias RvawlTan mimarTebiT qveteqstu-
rad ikiTxeba bolo, XIV TavSi; sami dis mowameobrivi
aRsasrulis Semdeg wm. sofiam ,,dasxna igini taZarsa Si-
na, romel-igi pirvelad mas aReSena friad Suenierad
da keTilad“ (353. 8-10); es cnoba erTgvarad daSorebu-
li Cans mTavari istoriisgan, radgan wm. sofiasa da
misi asulebis mimarT kerpTayvanismcemeli mefis mier
gamovlenili sisastikis erT-erTi mizezi unda gamxda-
riyo; amitom amaze miTiTeba Tavidanve marTebuli iqne-
boda, rodesac meore TavSi vkiTxulobT, rom ,,vinaÁT-
gan ukue yovelTa Soris ganTqumul iyo sibrZne maTi
da saTnoebaÁ da qristes mimarTi msaxurebaÁ, ara Tavs-
idva ese mSobelman man Surisaman, aramed TualiT xi-
luli RmrTismsaxurebaÁ maTi moSurnisa visme anti-
oxozis mier, romelsa aqunda gangebaÁ qalaqisaÁ, wina-
Se sityviTa saZuleliTa; xolo mefeman pirutyuebrivi-
Ta miT guliswyromiTa aRvsebulman ubrZana dassa mas
protiktor wodebulsa mswrafl moyvanebaÁ maTi“ (344.
27-34). rodesac mxedrebi deda-Svilebis wasayvanad mi-
vidnen, isini ,,ufroÁsRa SeierTnes suliTa, raoden-igi
ganuyofel iyvnes xorciTa“, radgan debma ,,araraÁ gan-
yofilebaÁ aCuenes dedisagan maTisa“ (344. 35-36) da yve-
215
lani erTad uSiSrad wardgnen msajulis winaSe; wm.
dedebs ganamtkicebdaT saxarebiseuli sityvebi: ,,nu ge-
Sinin maTgan, romelTa moswyvidnen xorcni Tqvenni“, da
ufals evedrebodnen, ,,raÁTa misces maT sibrZne sity-
visgebisaÁ“ (345. 4-5). aseTi siTamamis xilviT gancvifre-
bulma msajulma droebiT gadado dasja da wm. sofias
gauba saubari.
rogorc zemoTac iTqva, tiranis kamaTis sqema wame-
biTi Janris TxzulebebSi aseTia: darwmuneba tyuiliT,
iZulebiT, liqniT, daSinebiT, guliswyromiTa da sxv.
am SemTxvevaSic msajuli TiTqosda dinjad, gawonaswo-
rebulad, Tumca ki Segonebisa da momTxovni, muqarana-
revi toniT iwyebs saubars, rac mxolod da mxolod
sicrues emyareba, yovel SemTxvevSi, braldebas erTob
muq ferebSi warmoadgens: isic ki mciredad migaCnia,
rom uaryavi ,,samsaxurebelni da wesni mamulTaÁ“ (345.
12-13), mTeli hromi SfoTiTa da ganxeTqilebiT aRgiv-
sia, radgan araraobad Tvli RmerTebs; saswrafod mi-
Txari Seni saxeli, samsaxurebeli, naTesavi da mamuli!
_ aseTia msajulis moTxovna.
pasuxi qristianuli sibrZniT, RirsebiT savse da Se-
udrekelia: sofias uzeSTaesi saxeli qristesgan ewo-
deba, sakuTriv ,,sofia“ mSoblebma daarqves, naTesaviT
italiidanaa, magram racki ewodeba, araraobad miaCnia,
radgan mxolod qristes ,,saxelisdebiT ganSvendeba“,
visac Tavisi Sobidanve meyseulad Seewira; masve uZRvna
sakuTari salmobis nayofebi, Svilebi; hromSi Camos-
vlis mizezi sicocxlis bolomde sarwmunoebis dacva,
macxovrisaTvis Tavdadebaa, romelmac sikvdilidan cxov-
rebis gza dasaxa, gza sasufevlisa.
pasuxi msajulisaTvis imdenad pirdapiri, mouridebe-
li, amomwuravi da zusti iyo, rom gakvirvebuli da
Secbunebuli darCa, Sewyvita dakiTxva da wm. dedebi
mavan qals, saxelad paladias, svinklitikosTa dasi-
dan, sami dRiT Caabara sameTvalyureod, ,,raჲTa ganiz-
raxon pasuxi kiTxvisaÁ“ (345. 31-32).
am xnis manZilze debi dedisagan ganuwyvetliv ismen-
dnen darigebebsa da swavlulebas; faqtobrivad am sa-
216
ubrebidan Cans, rom erTaderTi da ganuSorebeli moZR-
vari pistis, elpidisa da aRapisaTvis sofiaa, am sity-
vis pirdapiri da gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT, rogorc
qristianuli sibrZnisa da rwmenis, sasoebisa da siyva-
rulis mSobeli. wm. sofiam Sva debi xorcielad da aR-
zarda saRmrTo sityviT; da radgan Jami Rvawlisa dad-
ga, axla gamoCndeba dedis sityvaTa nayofi, rogori iq-
neba ,,moTminebaÁ sakvirveli da sarwmunoebaÁ qristes
mimarT miudrekeli” (345. 37-38); didi xnis manZilze
gamowvrTnili saTnoeba wuTierma gansacdelma ar unda
daTrgunos da arc raime sacdurma Zlios WeSmaritebas;
dedas mxolod Svilebis ,,hasaki ege siCCoჲsa“ afiqrebs,
Tumca debi ar unda SeuSindnen tanjvas, radgan Ta-
namebrZolad qriste eyolebaT. amitom dedis toni uf-
ro momTxovni xdeba: ,,momeciT me gansaWabukebeli sibe-
risaÁ, momeciT TquenTa RuawlTagan simxne msgavsi Wa-
bukTaÁ, raÁTa vidre aRsasruladmde daicvaT aRsaare-
baÁ Tqueni qristes mimarT, raÁTa xelman misman gvir-
ginosan gyves ukvdavebiTa“ (345. 42-43; 346. 1-3).
aq droebiT SevwyvetT saubars dedis mowodebaze
SvilebisaTvis mowamebrivi gvirgvinis dadgmisaken da
SevniSnavT: cnobilia, rom yovladwmida RvTismSoblis
ikonografiaSi saukuneebis manZilze ramdenime aTeuli
sxvadasxva epiTetis xatia dawerili: gzis maCvenebeli
(odigitria), Semwynarebeli (eleusa), mlocveli (oran-
ta), samxeliani (triqerusa), manugeSebeli, ,,Rirs ars“,
mawovari, xelTmpyrobi, Semtkbobi, moalerse, maxarebe-
li, sikeTiT aRmavsebeli, swrafSemsmeneli, cxovrebis
wyaros momniWebeli, daujdomeli da sxv. Tuki dasaS-
vebia am konteqstSi xelovnebisa da literaturis saxe-
Ta interteqstualuri wakiTxva, vfiqrobT, wm. sofia,
zemomoyvanili epizodidan gamomdinare, mowamebrivi
gzis maCvenebeli dedaa da es azri Tavisi Svilebis da-
rigebis bolo sityvebiT kidev ufro myardeba: ,,brZen-
Ta ukue saqme ars gancvalebaჲ mcirisaÁ didad, daud-
gromelisaÁ dadgromadad da mdinarisaÁ arasada Sec-
valebadad, rameTu ese uzeSTaes ars da upatiosnes
yovlisa vaWrobisa mcireTa sisxlTagan sasufevelsa
217
caTasa mosyidaÁ“ (346. 5-8). faqtobrivad esaa gzac da
ganaCenic, romelTac deda sakuTar Svilebs usaxavs.
pasuxic adekvaturia da saxarebis sityviT ganmtki-
cebuli: ufalma Tqva, ,,nu hzrunavT, viTar anu raÁ mi-
ugoT, raJams winaSe mefeTa da mTavarTa wargadgineb-
den“ (maTe 10. 19) (aqve SeiZleboda gagvexsenebina me-
udabnoeobis safuZvlis Camyrelis, wm. antoni didis
sityvebic: ,,roca ama qveynis ZlierTa winaSe aRmoCnde-
bi, gaixsene, rom yovladZlieri RmerTi yovelTvis xe-
davs da ecade, swored mas saTnoeyo da ara ZlierTa
ama soflisaTa“). Semdgomi winadadebebic sazogadod
martvilTa mier warmoTqmuli sityvis CarCos ar scil-
deba, misdevs sqemas, Tumca aqve ikveTeba Suasaukuneb-
rivi Sexeduleba orgvari sibrZnis (r. siraZe) Sesaxeb:
debi dedas eubnebian, radgan ufali ieso qriste ,,Zli-
er ars ZaliTa, aRasrulos saqmiT da mogumadlos sib-
rZne, raÁTa SeuZloT Zlevad cofsa amas da ganqarve-
badsa sibrZnesa da gancxadebulad mZled gamoaCinos
RmrTismsaxurebaÁ“ (346. 17-19). rogorc vxedavT, konkre-
tul epizodSi, imis garda, rom, erTi mxriv, saubaria
waruvali sibrZnisa (qristianulis) da ganqarvebadi sib-
rZnis (antikuris) dapirispirebaze, meore mxriv, vigebT,
rom debs imdenad mosalodneli sulieri da fizikuri
gansacdeli ar awuxebT, ramdenadac imaze fiqri, aRmo-
aCndebaT Tu ara sakmarisi saRvTo sityvisgebis unari.
debisaTvis samsjavroze sapasuxod mocemuli sami
dRe tiranmac saTanadod gamoiyena: jer erTi, dedis ga-
reSe moayvanina debi da, meorec, gadawyvita esargebla
,,siCCoÁsaTvis gonebiTa maTTaÁsa“ (346. 22-23), radgan
qalwulebi mcirewlovanni iyvnen: pisti 12-is, elpidi
10-is, xolo aRapi 9 wlisa iyo. sxva mtarvalTa msgav-
sad, manac mSvidad da liqniT daiwyo saubari; rodesac
ixila maTi sikeTe, ,,Suenierebisagan damwTolvare sit-
kboebaÁ“, yovelive ,,arakacobrivisa raÁsme bunebisagan
gamosrulad“, raRac RmrTivqmnilad da ,,maTisa Zali-
saebr“ Sobilad Seracxa (346. 23-26). msajulis mzakvro-
ba aSkaraa: is cdilobs Seaparos debs, rom maTi sike-
Te kerpebisagan modis da Tavadac ,,mamaSvilur“ siyva-
ruls sTavazobs, urCevs: daindon moxucebuli ,,hasaki-
218
Ta dedaÁ“, ,,romlisa siberesa maTi ZaliT guemaÁ Seem-
Txuevis“ (346. 29-30), gaixsenon TavianTi ,,siCCoÁ“, ,,Su-
enierebaÁ yuavilisaÁ“ da ,,miuTxrobelobaÁ qmnulkeTi-
lobisaÁ“, romelmac is aRafrTovana, ris gamoc ar surs
maTi satanjvelisaTvis micema; magram Tu isini iurCe-
ben, samefo pativis, Svebisa da fufunebis wil boro-
tad warwymdebian. gavimeorebT, aseTi muqaranarevi liq-
na, cduneba, gadarwmuneba da a. S. nebismieri martvilo-
biTi Txzulebis msajuliseuli gankiTxvis ,,sqemis“ na-
wilia, magram mowameTa pasuxic am CarCos ar scildeba:
debs arc dapirebuli aRTqma surT, arc qadebisa Tu
satanjvlis eSiniaT, radgan ,,uxrwnelisa siZisa survi-
liTa kacobrivi yoveli SeuracxuqmniaT“ (347. 1-2); rac
Seexeba mSoblis ,,guemaTaჲ SemTxuevas“, dedis sibra-
luli maT uzeSTaesma keTilma xarebam _ qristesTvis
vnebam daaviwyaT, riTac zecaTa sasufevels daimkvid-
reben. am sityvisgebaSi ritorikuli SekiTxvacaa Car-
Tuli: ,,ara gancxadebulad sicofe arsa aRrCevad mci-
red Jamisa amaT keTilTaÁ“?! (347. 9-10); amitom sruliad
fuWi da amaoa msajulis sityvebi, piriqiT, ,,maSin uf-
roÁs daWirvdebian“, Tuki tirani debs, mis mier danaxu-
li qalwulebis ,,siWabukisa da Suenierebis“ gamo, dain-
dobs, ar miscems maT borot satanjvels, riTac moaklde-
baT ,,uzeSTaesni mosagebelni keTilTani“ (347. 14-15).
debis kadnieri da medgari sityvisgebis mosmenis
Semdeg msajulma axali veragoba moifiqra, maTi daSo-
reba da cal-calke gankiTxva gadawyvita; amiT ori
miznis miRwevas Seecada: qalwulebi erTmaneTis Tanad-
gomas moakldebodnen, rac daamwuxrebdaT, da, amasTana-
ve, damartoxelebul uuZluress advilad moinadireb-
da. man wm. sofiasgan icoda debis saxelebi da wlova-
neba da pirvelad ufrosi da _ pisti daibara. rogorc
qvemoT davinaxavT, mtarvlis sagangebo moTxovna samive
asulisadmi artemides Tayvaniscemaa. movlenebs gavus-
wrebT da imasac SevniSnavT, rom debis sityvisgebac
TiTqmis identuria, magram es araa SeTqmulTa erT pa-
suxze SeTanxmeba; wmidanTa sityvebi ufro damoukideb-
lad zegardmo STagonebuli uflisadmi aRvlenili Ra-
219
Radisia, gamsWvaluli rwmeniT, sasoebiT, sibraluliTa
da siyvaruliT.
Tavis debTan daSorebis gamo pistim ase mimarTa
msajuls: ,,eha Tquensa magas siRrmesa sibnelisasa, rom-
liTa esreT sawyalobelad dambrmal xarT da sxuaTa
gnebavs winamZRuar-yofaÁ da aiZulebT slvad Tquenisa-
ve magis warwymedisa gzasa“ (3347. 31-34) da srulad am-
xels mis saqciels, arqmevs saxels: esaa boroteba, ugu-
nureba da uwesoba, miTufro, rodesac gonier da si-
tyvier qmnilebebs usulo da utyvi kerpebisaTvis
msxverplis Sewirvisaken mouwodebs.
aseTi udrekobisa da Seuvalobis Semdeg guliswyro-
miT aRvsebulma msajulma pistis wameba brZana. aqve vi-
tyviT, rom samive disTvis gankuTvnili sasjelic TiT-
qmis identuria, amasTanave, sastiki, daundobeli da fi-
cxeli; sagangebod isic unda iTqvas, rom tirani dedas
da debs ayurebinebs rogorc am, aseve danarCeni ori
asulis tanjva-wamebas (martvilobaSi mtarvalis amgva-
ri ,,xelwera“ cnobilia).
wm. pistis martviloba
wm. qalwuls samosi SemoaZarcves, uknidan xelebi

Seukres da argnebiT Zlierad cema dauwyes. pisti ki,
rac ufro igvemeboda, ,,ufroÁsRa ferSuenier iqmnebo-
da da araraÁ gamoCndeboda mis Soris nabrZvili wylu-
lebisaÁ“ (348. 6-7). usjuloebiT kidev ufro aRvsilma
sawyalobelma msajulma misTvis orive ZuZus mokveTa
brZana. moxda saswauli: wm. asuls mkerdidan sisxlis
nacvlad rZe gadmoedina. maSin gaxurebuli kecebiT
wylulebis mowvis gankarguleba gaica. aq avtori fi-
zikuri Zalebis sulierTan, kacebrivisas _ RvTaebriv-
Tan amao dapirispirebas warmoaCens da ambobs: ,,viTar-
igi borot iyo da Ronier mopovnebasa zeda satanjvel-
Tasa mZlavri igi, egeTve RmerTi saxieri ara daakleb-
da sakvirvelebiT didebad misTvis tanjulisa miso“
(348. 12-14). msgavsad moses mier xiluli mayvalsmodebu-
li Seuwveli cecxlisa, ,,SemwuvelobaÁ igi cecxlisaÁ
220
Seicvala Tvisisagan bunebisa da araraÁ avno wmidasa
mas“ (348. 15-16). maSin aavses tafaki ,,ZivTiTa da cme-
liT“, romelzec wm. pisti daayenes, is ki ,,zegardamosa
mouwodda Sewevnasa“ da cecxlic ,,Semwuvelobisagan gan-
magrilebelad Seicvaleboda“; amis mxilvelni gaoce-
bas ver malavdnen, ris Semdegac msajulma wm. qalwu-
lisaTvis Tavis mokveTa brZana. am ambis gagebam wm.
pisti sixaruliT aRavso; is dedas evedreboda, raTa mis-
Tvis eloca, xolo debs aswavlida, ,,raჲTa ara daak-
lden gvirgvinsa mas zecisa Cinebisasa“ (348. 28-30), Se-
axsenebda, rom qristeze arian dawindulni, rom erTad
arian aRzrdilni sulierad da xorcielad da a. S. nu-
geScemuli debi kocnidnen da eferebodnen das, sTxov-
dnen wm. pistis, Sevedreboda ufals, ,,raÁTa swor da
Tanaziar iqmnen gvirgvinTaca misTa“ (348. 40-41).
wm. sofiac ar Seupyria sulmokleobasa da dedobriv
moSiSebas, man ase mimarTa wamebul qaliSvils: ,,vervin
SemZlebel ars migebad mSobelTa misagebelsa Rirssa...
garna Sen Cemda yovelive srulebiT da brwyinvalebiT
mogicies, rameTu Sen egeviTarisa magis asulisa dedad
gamovCndi“ (349. 9-12); sofia bednieri iyo, rom misi na-
Sieri ,,yovlisave ferisa da yuavilisa uSuenieres Sem-
kobili“ wardgeboda siZis winaSe. am sityvebis mosmenis
Semdeg wm. pistim meyseulad moudrika maxvils qedi da
aResrula.
ase dasrulda pirveli dis wameba.
kidev ufro gaborotebulma da sircxvileulma msa-
julma meore qalwulis myisierad moyvana brZana; masac
artemides Tayvaniscema mosTxova, pasuxad ki Semdegi
moismina: visganac gamocdileba miiRe, imisi da var ara
mxolod xorcielad, aramed gonebiTac da nebiTac!
amas mohyva gankarguleba elpidis sawameblad.
wm. elpidis martviloba
meore dac gaaSiSvles, daiwyes misi gvema ,,ZarRviTa

uzeleliTa“; roca Seatyves, amiT verafers avnebdnen,
aagizgizes cecxli da Sig Seagdes; magram ,,iqmna awca
221
sakvirvelebaÁ msgavsi saxumilisa mis babilovnelTaÁsa
da ara Seexeboda yovladve Seslvasa mowamisasa“ (349.
39-41); wm. elpidi ki samadlobels aRavlenda uflis mi-
marT ara mxolod mowevnuli, aramed mowevnadi satan-
jvelis gamo. maSin msajulma Zelze daakidebina wm.
asuli da rkinis frCxilebiT misi sxeulis xveta brZa-
na; wm. elpidis sxeuli ki ,,ixueteboda raÁ xorciTa,
friadsa sulnelebasa gamoscemda“ (350. 9-10); is Rimi-
liT mimarTavda tirans: qristesgan ganvZlierdebi, Sen
ki, Cvili asakis qalwulis mCagvrelo, sruliad usu-
surs gamogaCen macxovris winaSeo! mZlavri kidev ufro
Seipyro siborgilem, brZana, qvabi fisiTa da kvaris
keviT aRevsoT da mowame Sig CaegdoT; magram cecxlze
Semomdgari WurWeli cviliviT dadna, mduRare siTxe
daiqca da iqve mdgomi aramciredi damswre ,,Sewuna“. am-
jeradac ver gaicnobiera msajulma, ,,Tu raÁ ars Zali
igi sakvirvelTmoqmedebisaÁ“ (350. 22-23) da, wm. pistis
msgavsad, wm. elpidis ,,maxviliT sikvdili ganaCina“.
wm. asulic Seevedra dedas, misTvis eloca, xolo um-
cros das ,,RuawlTa mimarT aRSWurvida da saxed sim-
tkicisa Tavsa Tvissa daudebda“ (350. 28-29); Semdeg iqve
dagdebuli ufrosi dis cxedars gadaexvia, miualersa,
eambora da cremliT maxvils qedi SeuSvira.
ase gaeSura wm. elpidi ,,keTilisa mimarT mgzavrobisa“.
sircxvileuli da damcirebuli mtarvali kidev uf-
ro gamZvinvarda, Tumca ki imis imedi hqonda, rom mci-
rewlovanebis gamo cxra wlis aRapis advilad acdu-
nebda, magram saso gaucudda; wm. aRapim Tavis debze
aranaklebi simtkice gamoavlina: ,,nu gacTunebs Sen si-
yuaruli CCvilisa amis hasakisa CemisaÁ, viTarca advi-
lad SesacTomelisaÁ“, radgan ,,misve Zirisa rtoÁ var
me da misve erTisa muclisa naSobi, romlisaganTa rto-
Ta orTa SvilTa gamocdileba migiRieso“ (351. 3-8); uf-
ro metic, umcrosi da moZalades Sehpirda, rom moTmi-
nebiT wm. mowameebs waremateboda.
222
wm. aRapis martviloba
ganrisxebulma bilwma msajulma norCi qalwuli
Zelze daakidebina da ,,tyavTa mier zroxisaTa yovliT
kerZo guemaÁ“ brZana iqamde, ,,vidremdis asoTa igi Sed-
gmulebaÁ daixsneboda Tvisisa Senawevrebisagan simZimi-
Ta guemaTaჲTa“ (351. 13-15). am SemTxvevaSic, iseve ro-
gorc mis or das, wm. aRapisac uflis Zala moevlina
mfarvelad; maSin mZlavrma cecxli gaaCaRebina da iq
,,STagdebamde“ uTxra: kacTmoyvared mogeqcevi, dauyov-
nebliv gagaTavisufleb,Tu ityvi, ,,did ars artemi“; wm.
aRapim mtkiced uaryo moZaladis mier SeTavazebuli
winadadeba, Tavad daaswro jalaTebs, ,,wadierad Sevi-
da da dadga Soris saxumilsa mas“ (351. 32-33); kvlav
saswauli ixiles iq Sekrebilebma: cecxli orad gaipo,
garSemomyofT moefina da msajulamdec ki miaRwia,
,,raÁTa ara aqundes iWueulad sxuaTa mier Txrobili,
aramed TaviT TvisiT hrwmenes didebulebaÁ RmrTisaÁ“
(351. 36-37). wmida qalwuli ki spetakiTmosili idga da
uflis mimarT loculobda. tiranis msaxurebma ver ga-
bedes ,,xelpyrobiT waryvanebaÁ wmidisaÁ“, Soridan ux-
mobdnen, msajuli gibarebso; cecxlidan uSiSrad gamo-
sul umrwmes das SeSis saxvreti rkiniT gauWoles fe-
xebi, magram wm. aRapim esec ,,mciredad Sehracxa“, xolo
rom Seityo, misTvisac Tavis mokveTa gadaewyvitaT,
,,dedobriv Rirsman man qalwulman“ (352. 14) ufals mad-
loba Seswira; mis mier aRvlenil locvaSi mrwamsis
sityvebic JRers _ ,,wmidao samebao, erT RmrTeebao da
erT uflebao da erTo Zalo“ (352. 17-18), da saRvTo
survilic _ dedam wesisamebr aRasrulos Tavisi asu-
lebis saxsenebeli da ,,miicvalos igica ubadrukisa
amis cxorebisagan“ (352. 21-22).
amis mere wm. aRapim moudrika qedi maxvils, ,,qris-
tesTvis sikvdili sixaruliT miiTvala“ (353. 2-3) da an-
gelozTa dass SeuerTda.
223
wmida sofia
moTxrobis daskvniTi nawilis ganxilvamde Sevexe-

biT, Tu rogoraa sofias saxe ikonografiulad war-
modgenili. Tavdapirvelad aRviSnavT, rom termin ,,so-
fias“ qristianobamdeli sakmaod xangrZlivi istoria
aqvs. ,,sibrZnis“ garda, is ,,codnasa“ da ,,xelovnebas“
niSnavs. terminad antikur saberZneTSi Camoyalibda da
ixmareboda ganyenebuli, gonebaWvretiTi cnebis aRsa-
niSnavad; homerosTan aTena-paladas saxels ukavSirde-
ba _ qalRmerTis mSeneblobisa da wesrigis damyarebis,
xelovnebisa da xelsaqmis SemZleblobasa da mfarvelo-
bas gadmocemda. Tumca, iudaizmisagan gansxvavebiT, ber-
Znul miTologiaSi ,,sofia“ ar gaxda damoukidebeli
saxe. Zvel aRTqmaSi ,,sofia“ ,,pirovnuladaa“ gaazrebu-
li da samyaroSi RvTis gamocxadebis saxea, is uzena-
ess damorCilebuli misi meore ,,mea“; mogviano xanis
bibliur teqstebSi (,,sibrZne solomonisa“, ,,igavTa“,
,,sibrZne ziraqisa“) ,,sofia“ ganxorcielebuli ,,qmnile-
baa“, romelic mamisgan iSva: ,,yovlisave Zrvisa da wame-
bisa umale ars sibrZne, miswuTebis da daetevis yovel-
Ta mier siwmidiT“ (sibrZ. solom. 7. 24; Tanamedrove
Targmani: ,,yvela moZravze ufro moZravia sibrZne, Tavi-
si siwmidiT yvelafers gaivlis da yvelgan SeaRwevs“);
RvTaebriv sibrZnes ver Zlevs boroteba (sibrZ. solom.
7. 30), is Tavis Tavs ganadidebs, radgan uflis bageTa-
gan gamova (sibrZn. ziraq. 24. 1-3).
rogorc berZnuli ,,sofia“, aseve misi Sesatyvisi Zve-
lebrauli sityva mdedrobiTi sqesisaa da ,,RvTis qme-
debis amsaxvel wmida sarkes“ warmoadgens; masSi qalu-
ri niSan-Tvisebebi amoicnoba da ufalTan mimarTebiT
demiurgul, samyaros wesrigis damdgen nebas gamoxa-
tavs. igavTa wignSi isaa ,,xelovani“, ,,ostati“, ,,momza-
vebeli“ (8. 27-31). adrebizantiur da gviangnostikur
warmodgenebSi ,,sofia“ mniSvnelobiT ze’shith-sa da
berZnul ajpchv-s dauaxlovda _ es ori termini ki ,,sa-
wyiss“ aRniSnavs dafuZneba-damkvidrebis, pirvelsawyi-
sis, dedobrivi wiaRidan dasabamis azriT; is samyaros
224
Semqmneli da wesrigis damamyarebelia, msgavsad xuro-
si an xuroTmoZRvrisa, romelic saxls sacxovrisad
agebs, rogorc kosmosis, wesrigiT dadgenili samyaros
saxes; saxli ki bibluri sibrZnis erTi mTavari simbo-
loa (ix. igavTa 9.1) (s. averincevi).
qristianobam SeiTvisa ,,sofias“ personificirebuli
gaazreba. adreul xanaSi is qriste-logosis saxesac ki
dauaxlova: ,,qriste RmrTisa Zal-ars da RmrTisa sib-
rZne“ (I.kor. 1. 24); Semdeg ki samebis mesame hipostass _
suliwmidas daukavSira. laTinur qristianul litera-
turaSi ,,sofias“ TiTqmis sinonimuri mniSvnelobis ter-
mini ,,eklesia“, xolo qarTul qristianul kulturaSi
,,sioni“ Caenacvla (r. siraZe); amitom rogorc kaToli-
kur, aseve qarTul tradiciebSi ,,sofialogia“ ar
Camoyalibebula.
bizantiur da slavur marTlmadidebel eklesiebSi
sofia Teokratiuli principebis simbolod iqca. mas
gamosaxaven angelosis cecxlovani saxiT, cecxlisfe-
risvea misi xelebi, zurgs ukan ori frTaa; sofia same-
fo tansacmliTaa Semosili, Tavze ki oqros gvirgvini
adgas. mas locvad damdgari yovladwmida RvTismSobe-
li da ioane naTlismcemeli waradgenen, msgavsad qris-
tes ,,deisusis“ ikonografiuli gamosaxulebisa. sofias
TavTan makurTxebeli qristea wels zemoT gamosaxuli
_ ase rom, qriste ara ,,sofias“ igiveobrivia, aramed _
axalaRTqmiseuli moZRvrebis mixedviT warmodgenili
,,eklesiis Tavi“. mogvianebiT ,,sofia“ yovladwmida de-
daRvTisas saxes dauaxlovda; amitom is Svidi svetis
qveS xelebaRpyrobili RvTismSoblis xatiTac gadmo-
icema; svetebis zemoT uflis Svidi mTavarangelozia,
xolo yovladwmida mariamis gverdiT _ Svidi didi wi-
naswarmetyveli (daviTi, aaroni, mose, esaia, ieremia,
ezekieli, danieli); gamosaxulia aseve Svidi aRmavali
safexuri Semdegi Tanmimdevruli warwerebiT: rwmena,
sasoeba, siyvaruli, ubiwoeba, morCileba, saxiereba da
dideba _ mowameobisa da moqalaqobis siwmidiT gasav-
leli gza (am Temaze zemoT gvqonda saubari).
davubrundeT teqsts: vidre umcross das Tavs moh-
kveTdnen, teqstSi dedis gancdebsa da RvTis winaSe mo-
225
wameTa mSoblis Rvawls vecnobiT, rasac Tavad wm. so-
fia aRwers da afasebs; aq Cans erTgvari swrafva sik-
vdilisaken, ufro zustad, amqveyniuri ,,Relvisagan“,
amaoebisagan ganridebisaken, oRond es swrafva uflis
sadideblad, rwmenis gansamtkiceblad da sxvaTa gasam-
xnevebladaa aRZruli; is, rom romelime konkretul
SemTxvevaSi adamiani udidesi gansacdelis winaSe dad-
ga, nebismierma qristianma RvTisagan zegardmovlenil
madlad unda miiCnios, radgan xorcieleba, sxeuli
warmavalia, amqveynad misi uzenaesi daniSnulebaa, iyos
suliwmidis taZari; qristianobaSi es moTxovna ar iyo
arc idea, arc Teoria da arc dogma, aramed, upirveles
yovlisa, da ufro metadac _ Sinagani cxovrebis saz-
risi (a. sidorovi) da zemomoyvanili rwmenis _ ,,uzeS-
Taes ars da upatiosnes yovlisa vaWrobisa mcireTa
sisxlTagan sasufevelsa caTasa mosyidaÁ“ (346. 5-8) _
safuZvelic. aqedan gamomdinare, wm. sofias arafrad mi-
aCnia Svilebis ,,gansvla“, radgan swams, rom ara marto
wm. pistim, wm. elpidim da wm. aRapim atares TavianTi
jvari, aramed macxovris jvarmac atara isini da rom
debma TavianTi xanmokle sicocxlis manZilze qriste-
Si, qristesTan erTad da qristesTvis icxovres.
Txzulebis avtori wers: vidre wm. aRapis Tavs moh-
kveTdnen, wm. sofia ara misi sicocxlisaTvis locu-
lobda, ,,raÁTa grZelTa JamTa cxorebiTa ganeres siku-
dilisagan da aqundes igi mxoloÁ nugeSinissacemelad
da sasoebad da mosurned siberisa“ (352. 25-27), radgan
or Svils moaklda, aramed imisaTvis, ,,raÁTa dawyebisa-
mebr iqmnas aRsasrulica“ (352. 30-31); amitom sasikvdi-
lod ganawyobda wm. aRapis, ganamxnevebda rwmeniT, sa-
soebiTa da siyvaruliT da etyoda:
,,Ä asulo Cemo!
Ä muclisa Cemisa WeSmaritad sanatrelo nayofo!
Ä mSobelTa pativismcemelo!
Ä RmrTisa xorciTa SeniTa madidebelo!
vin ara aqebdes simxnesa Sensa,
vin ara gankvirdes moTminebasa Sensa, anu
vis ara did uCndes mtkiced dgomaÁ Seni;
226
aramed warved zogadisa mis meufisa mimarT da sas-
ZloTa maT ganuxrwnelTa da WeSmaritad sanatrelisa
mimarT gansuenebisa, sada-igi miixune mosagebelni
RuawlTani.
eha, viTarRa meocnebian gvirgvinni Senni dadgmulni
marjuenisagan sameufoÁsa, viTar vxedav me angelozTa
mxiarulTa da Senisa ganslvisa momlodeTa.
Ä viTarRa pativiTa pativvec samebasa SewirviTa sam-
Ta asulTaÁTa, anu viTarni ZRuenni da Sesawiravni Sev-
wiren missa“ (352. 34-43).
wm. aRapis cxedars dedam jerovnad miualersa da
mxolod maSin gamoavlina bunebrivi ,,siyuaruli da
tkivili“, aRavso surnelebiT, wagragna da debTan er-
Tad daasvena Tavissave agebul taZarSi. ase ,,yvna“
sofiam asulni ,,saunjed waruparvelad da qristeaneTa
niWTa didTa mimniWebelad, mkurnalad sulTa, mkurna-
lad xorcTa, Seubrkolebelad Tanawarmxdelad amis
soflisa da SemaerTebelad RmrTisa wyarosa keTilTa-
sa didsa Cuenda momniWebelisa“ (353. 10-13).
sami dRis Semdeg SvilkeTili sofia gamovida asu-
lebis sulTa mosaxseneblad, moexvia maT larnakebs,
SesTxova, Tanamodased mieRoT isic da ,,daiZina ZiliT,
romeli Suenis marTalTa da SeeZina dedaÁ asulTa, da
kualad erTobiT SeeZinnes ganwyobilsa wmidaTasa“ (353.
20-22).
RmrTismoyvareebma wm. sofias cxedaric ,,samarxosa
asulTa misTasa dadves“, raTa suliT erTad myofni
arc sxeulebiT daSorebodnen erTurTs.
ase marcxdeba boroteba adamianis rwmeniTa da sim-
xneviT, sasoebiTa da moTminebiT, siyvaruliTa da mtki-
ced dgomiT, rac zegardmo sibrZnesTan ziarebisaken
mowamebrivi savali gzaa
*N* *
rogorc iTqva, anonimi bizantieli avtoris Txzule-

bis sruli saTauria ,,wamebaÁ wmidaTa dedaTaÁ _ sofi-
aÁsi da asulTa misTaÁ _ pistisi, elpidisi da aRapi-
si“; marTalia, sofia fizikurad ar uwamebiaT, magram
227
misi sulieri moqalaqoba da martvili Svilebis aRzr-
da qristesTvis sisxlis daTxevasa da mowamebriv gvir-
gvins gauTanabrda. nawarmoebis analizi da sxvadasxva
mxatvrul Taviseburebaze gakeTebuli aqcentebi ,,wm.
SuSanikis wamebasTan“ mimarTebiT garkveuli interteq-
stualuri saerTo Tu gansxvavebuli daskvnebis gamota-
nis saSualebas iZleva, romelTagan Semdeg sakiTxebs
gamovyofT:
1. drama, romelsac martvilobiTi Janris Txzulebis
avtori warmoadgens, garkveuli azriT, antikuri piesis
mTavar moqmed pirTa sqemas (gmiri-antigmiri) mihyveba
da amgvar saxes iZens:
_ martvili _ msajuli;
_ moZRvari _ Semasmenelni da mstovarni;
_ martvilobis Semswreni _ jalaTebi da sxva
aRmsrulebelni.
amasTanave, rogorc wesi, ,,wamebaSi“ aRwerili mov-
lenebi sqematurad ase viTardeba:
_ martvilis mokle istoria;
_ msajulis uRvTo qmedebani;
_ SemasmenelTa an mstovarTa mier wmidanis
dabezReba;
_ mowamisa da msajulis pirispir saubari, e. w. si-
tyvisgeba, risi RvTisganac momadleba konkretul si-
tuaciaSi wamebulisaTvis ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre
mosalodneli sulieri da fizikuri gansacdeli;
_ arsebiTia, agreTve, moZRvrisa da misi sulieri
Svilis, momavali martvilis gonebisa da nebis ganmam-
tkicebeli saubari;
_ tiranisagan ganCinebuli tanjva-wameba da yvela
damswreTa Tvalwin mowamis mier gamoCenili simtkice,
gamZleoba, erTi mxriv, da uflisgan movlenili saswa-
uli, meore mxriv;
_ mniSvnelovania, aseve, martvilis mier sicocxle-
Sive an Semdeg aRsrulebuli saswaulebi;
_ dabolos, wamebulis sikvdili, RvTismoyvareTa ga-
aqtiureba da martvilis angelozTa dass SerTva.
2. uaryofiTi personaJi, iSviaTi gamonaklisis garda
(magaliTad, TvalisCinwarTmeuli Tevdosi ,,daviTisa
228
da tiriWanis martvilobidan“, romelmac moinania Tavi-
si Secodeba sakuTari disSvilebis daxocvis gamo),
mTlianad borotebis msaxuria: isaa uRmrTo, mware go-
nebis patroni, kerpTmsaxuri, usjulo, cru, mliqvneli,
mrisxane, sulmdabali, ugulisyuro, mzakvari, veragi,
,,pirutyvebrivi“ guliswyromiT savse, cofi, mxeci da
a.S. da, amave dros, sawyalobeli, sircxvileuli, imed-
gacruebuli, sacodavi, sabolood ki _ ubeduri, ubad-
ruki adamiani. hagiografebs mTavari personaJebisaTvis
,,misadagebuli“ aqvT pozitiuri da negatiuri epiTete-
bis antinomiuri jgufebi, romlebic ,,wamebaTa“ Janris
erTian leqsikur vels qmnian; masSi TiToeuli sityva
funqciurad zustadaa gansazRvruli da mkacrad mi-
emarTeba romelime personaJs _ dadebiTs an uaryo-
fiTs; mkacrad imitom, rom ar SeiZleba wmidani iyos
mtarvalis saxasiaTo epiTetebiT _ vTqvaT, ,,sabralo-
Ti“ an ,,sawyalobliT“ warmodgenili, iseve rogorc
tirani SeuZlebelia daxasiaTdes qristes rwmenis dam-
cvelis Sesaferisi epiTetebiT _ ,,mowyaleTi“ an
,,momTmeniT“.
3. bizantiur ZeglSi pirdapiraa mocemuli, an qveteq-
sturad ikiTxeba hagiografiisaTvis didad damaxasiaTe-
beli bibliuri paradigmebi: moses Seuwveli cecxli,
babilovneli yrmebi, saxel ,,sofias“ mniSvneloba, abra-
amisa da isaakis istoria. bibliuri paradigmebi ,,wm.
SuSanikis wamebaSi“ pirdapir ar gvxdeba, rac imaze me-
tyvelebs, rom rodesac iakob xucesi Tavis moTxrobas
wers, sasuliero teqstis Sinaarsis gadmocemisas amgva-
ri msaxveblobiTi gaformeba araa SemuSavebuli; Cans,
es mxatvruli ,,moTxovna“ SedarebiT mogviano periodSi
yalibdeba (asurel mamaTa ,,cxoreba-wamebisa“ da ,,wm.
abos martvilobaSi“ is ukve mniSvnelovan literatu-
rul datvirTvas iZens).
4. hagiografiuli ambis gadmocemis principTa Sesaba-
misad, orive ZeglSi istoriuli realobaa aRwerili.
cnobilia, rom ,,Semdgomad yovliT kerZo ganfenisa qa-
dagebasa mis cxorebisasa da yovelTave aRvsebisa mec-
nierebiTa uflisaÁTa“ (344. 5-6), anu samociqulo peri-
odidan moyolebuli, pirveli sami saukune qristiano-
229
bis istoria saxelmwifos mxridan morwmuneTa gansa-
kuTrebuli sastiki da ulmobeli devniT xasiaTdeba,
rac konstantine didis taxtze asvlamde gagrZelda.
,,wm. sofias da misi asulebis wamebis“ avtori qristi-
anobis istoriis im monakveTs exeba, rodesac morwmune-
Ta Seviwroveba xSirad simxecemde misuli daundoblo-
biT iCenda Tavs (amis nimuSi dioklitianes (284-305 w.w.)
mier wm. giorgis wamebacaa) _ aseTi iyo saxelmwifos-
gan gamovlenili TviTgadarCenis politika _ amao sur-
vili Zveli, warmarTuli religiis aRdgenisa, risi wi-
naaRdgomac morwmunis simtkicesa da nebisyofaze, Tav-
ganwirul RvTismoyvarebaze iyo damokidebuli; arsebi-
Tia is garemoebac, rom gare Zala bizantiur ZeglSi
ar ganixileba, saerTod ar Cans da mxolod religiur
motivebzea yuradReba gamaxvilebuli.
iakob xucesis TxzulebaSi mniSvnelovani swored
gare Zala anu mazdeanuri irania, romelic politiku-
ri gavlenis mopovebas cecxlTayvanismcemlobis daner-
gviT cdilobs; aqve ukve mowamis ara mxolod sarwmu-
noebrivi simtkice, aramed saxelmwifoebrivi interese-
bic ikveTeba; yovel SemTxvevaSi, iakob xucesi religi-
ur TemasTan erTad am sakiTxsac gulisxmobs.
amdenad, bizantiur ZeglSi arsebiTia sarwmunoebri-
vi da pirovnuli aqcentebi, xolo ,,wm. SuSanikis wame-
baSi“ xazgasmulia sarwmunoebrivi, saxelmwifoebrivi
da pirovnuli aspeqtebi (cnobilia, rom erovnuli mo-
tivi Sua saukuneebis qarTul mwerlobas yovelTvis
Tan sdevs).
rac Seexeba bunebriv adamianur gancdebs: wm. sofiam
mxolod erTxel, umrwmesi asulis wamebisas da sikvdi-
liT dasjis Semdeg gamoxata dedobrivi mwuxareba: ,,ma-
SinRa aCuenebda siyuarulsa da tkivilsa bunebiTsao“
(353. 4-5); sxva mxriv is Seuvali, sulierad gamamxneve-
beli da wmidanis gvirgvinis dadgmisaken momwodebeli
dedaa, wamebis gzis maCvenebeli; wm. sofias naTqvami _
qristesTvis ,,Sewirul var meyseulad, raJams viSev“ da
Semdeg _ ,,misda Semiwirvan nayofni salmobaTa CemTa-
nio“ (345. 21-22), _ yvela wmidanis, erTi mxriv, sauflo
ganCinebaa da, meore mxriv, RvTis erTgulebis gamoxat-
230
vis niSani, msgavsad abraamis mier erTaderTi vaJis,
isaakis msxverplad gawirvisa. wm. SuSaniki sakuTari
cxovrebiT Tavadvea martvilis gzis maCvenebeli da ga-
cilebiT didi bunebiTi siyvarulisa da tkivilis
gamomvlinebeli; misi RvTisadmi Rrma mwuxarebiT aR-
vlenili sityvebic Svilebis gamazdeanebis gamo _ ,,gmad-
lob Sen, ufalo RmerTo Cemo, rameTu iyvnesve ara
Cemni, aramed Senni mocemulni iyvnes. viTarca gnebavs,
iyavn nebaÁ Seni, ufalo, da me damicev saqmeTagan
mterisaTa“ _ am xasiaTsa da pasuxismgeblobas usvams
xazs; amdenad, wm. sofia gaxda Svilebis mowamebrivi
gvirgviniT Semkobis Rirsi, xolo Sobidanve aseve mey-
seulad qristesTvis Sewirul SuSaniks ar xvda wilad
es RvTaebrivi pativi; swored amitomaa misTvis Svile-
bis gamazdeaneba ufro didi tragedia, vidre is gan-
sacdeli, romelsac usjulo varsqenisagan piradad
moelis (aqve SevniSnavT, rom garkveulwilad gasagebic
SeiZleba iyos wamebuli dedoflis Civili, ,,Cemda mar-
toÁsa arian Wirni eseo“, ris usafuZvlobaSi iakobi
dabejiTebiT cdilobs xolme daarwmunos Tavisi su-
lieri Svili).
5. bizantiuri Zeglis ganxilvisas SeiniSna, rom teq-
stSi miTiTebulia orgvari sibrZnis (WeSmariti da gan-
qarvebadi) sakiTxi, rac qristianul kulturaSi erT-
erT mniSvnelovan problemad ganixileba. ,,wm. SuSani-
kis wamebaSi“ am mxriv saerTod aranairi miniSneba araa
mocemuli da es gasagebicaa: pirvel SemTxvevaSi sauba-
ria antikur warmarTobaze, romelsac Rrma da Semdgom
_ qristianizirebuli sibrZnismetyvelebiTi safuZveli
gaaCnda, xolo qarTul ZeglSi saxezea mazdeanuri re-
ligia _ is ki qristianul kulturaSi seriozul ,,ga-
reSe sibrZned“ ar gaiazreboda.
6. ra Tqma unda, sxva araerT sakiTxsa Tu mxatvrul
Taviseburebaze SeiZleboda yuradRebis gamaxvileba,
(vTqvaT, iakobis Txzulebis leqsikuri simdidre, ra-
Sic bizantiur ZeglTan mimarTebiT araerTi msgavsi si-
tyvis SemCneva SeiZleba; sxvadasxva epizodis xatovani
aRwera, faqizi sulieri gancdebis siRrmiseuli gadmo-
cema, saeklesio ferweras Semsgavsebuli pasaJebi da
231
sxv.), magram amjerad mxolod warmodgenili kvleva-
Ziebis zogadi SedegebiT SemovifarglebiT.
dasasruls avtorebze SevniSnavT: bizantieli hagi-
ografisgangansxvavebiT, iakob xucesi uSualod, mTeli
arsebiT CarTulia mowamebriv istoriaSi da yvelafers
udidesi TanagancdiT, TanalmobiT, mravalferovani da
sruliad sxvadasxvagvari kuTxiT aRiqvams; is ar aris
gareT mdgomi, ganyenebuli, gareSe TvaliT Semfasebe-
li da movlenaTa mSralad damfiqsirebeli mwerali;
misi amocana sagangeboa _ Rrma sulierebiT aCvenos sa-
zogadoebas, upirveles yovlisa, sarwmunoebisaTvis Tav-
dadebuli da saqveyno interesebs Sewiruli pirovnebis
istoria da amiT is msjavric warmoadginos, rwmenisa
da saxelmwifos moRalates rom elis RvTisa da eri-
sagan; STamomavlobas ki dautovos xsovna im wamebu-
lisa, romelic qristianebisaTvis gaxda waruparveli
ganZi, zegardmo sibrZnisa da niWis mommadlebeli, su-
lisa da xorcis mkurnali (ziarebis tolfasi), amqvey-
nidan daubrkoleblad ,,Tanawarmxdeli“ da ufalTan
SemaerTebeli rwmenis, sasoebisa da siyvarulis momni-
Webeli, mravali TaobisaTvis mlocveli saunje.
232
Giorgi Alibegashvili
“The Martyrdom of Saint Shushanik” and

“The Martyrdom of Saint Sophia and Her Daughters”
(Hagiographic Parallels)
Summary
Iakob Khutsesi’s (Jakob the Priest) “The Martyrdom of Saint

Shushanik” has been in the focus of many studies. The interest toward
the work has never declined due to one particular reason, among many
others, namely: if in the word “hagiography” the term “to write” (Greek
“γράφω”) is understood in the same meaning as it is used in relation to
mural paintings (frescos) and icon-painting (iconography), it can be said
that “The Martyrdom of Saint Shushanik” as if falls out of the
medieval artistic framework; it conveys the martyr’s human emotions
much more impressively and convincingly, and its poetical worth is in
line with the literary and aesthetic standards of the later period.
In order to illustrate this, a X c. revision of the Byzantine work “The
Martyrdom of Saint Sophia and Her Daughters“ is discussed, which is a
classical example of hagiography written in accordance with the
compulsory principles of the martyr genre. Intertextual compaison has
revealed that “The Martyrdom of Saint Shushanik” in many aspects
follows the martyrologic scheme, and in many terms demonstrates
considerable peculiarities of high artistic merit; moreover, as most of the
Georgian hagiographic works, it expresses national interests, which was
due to the country’s geopolitical location.
233
ilustraciebi
Tengiz mirzaSvilisa
VII
VIII
saxismetyveleba
revaz siraZe
agiografiuli saxismetyvelebis
erTi paradigmuli nimuSi
(ramdenime SeniSvna)
mivmarTavT aseT saxes:

`ganabrwyina da ganaSuena yoveli igi cixe sulieri-
Ta miT qnariTa~ (`SuSanikis wameba~, T. X).
amas win uZRvis Semdegi sityvebi:
èqusi weli cixesa mas Sina aRasrula da wesierebi-
Ta saRmrToiTa hyuaoda: marxviTa, maradis mRviZarebi-
Ta, zedgomiTa, Tayunis-cemiTa uwyinod da kiTxviTa
wignTaÁTa mouwyinebelad~... da amas mohyveba zemore
sityvebi.
sulieri qnari gulisxmobs `sulier xmas~ (gnebavT
musikas, sulier musikas) da es SeiZleba davukavSiroT
fsalmuns, _ fsalmunis kiTxvisas aRZrul Sinagan xmas,
iseTs, rogoric Sinagani sulieri xmaa, xma sindisisa,
da mainc, gadawyvetilad Tu ar vambobT imitom, rom,
rogorc davinaxeT, aq aRniSnulia kiTxva `wignTaÁ~,
araa gamoyofili fsalmuni (romelic agreTve SeiZle-
boda mravlobiTSi moxsenebuli yofiliyo, Tanac mas-
Tan erTad gvegulisxma saxareba (èvangele~). Tumca am
varauds ewinaaRmdegeba is, rom `wmidaman SuSanik...
asergasisni igi fsalmunni daiswavlnao~ (T. XX). amas
emateba `sulieri qnari~ (T. X), Tanac es, ganmabrwyine-
beli da ganmaSuenebeli ram, momdinareobs wm. SuSani-
kis ukve Sinagan Zalad qceuli sulierebidan. es misi
Sinagani `xmaa~. es xma anaTebs da `ganabrwyinebs~ sa-
kans, miseuli sinaTle ki ismis.
`safuZvelTa safuZveli yovelivesi da, maT Soris,
RvTaebrivi naTlisa da TviT sibnelisa (Tanac es araa
RvTaebrivi wyvdiadi) wm. ioane RvTismetyvelis cnobi-
li gaazrebania:
234
`mis Tana cxorebaÁ iyo; da cxorebaÁ igi iyo naTeli
kacTa. da naTeli igi bnelsa Sina Cans, da bneli igi
mas ver ewia~ (i. 1, 4-5).
amas ioane oqropiri ganmartavs:
`naTlad sikudilsaca uwess da sacTursaca, rameTu
naTeli ese xiluli ara bnelsa Sina Cans, aramed TÂni-
er bnelsa naTobs, xolo, raJams bneli moiwios, bneldis
igica... brwyinavs yovelsa adgilsa ZaliTa TÂsiTa, amis-
TÂs ityÂs, viTarmed: `bneli ver mas ewia~ (i. 1,5), rame-
Tu ars uZlevel da ara daemkvidrebis sulTa Sina, ro-
melTa ara swadodis ganaTlebad~ (oqropiri 1993: 47).
a. p. lopuxinis ganmarteba aseTia:
4. `Логос и сам был жизнью, т.е. Существом Божественым, что
жизнь находится в Боге... Как без материального света в мире была
бы невозможно никакая жизнь, так и без проевещающего действия
Логоса не било бы возможно людям сделать хотя несколько шагов
вперед по пути вравственному самоусовершерменствованию~.
5. `...Смысль русского перевода такой: тьме не удалось заглу-
шать, потушить дойствис в людях Логоса. В таком смысле талко-
вали это виражение многие древные Отцы и Учители Церкви, и
равно многие из новейших эгзегетов~ (lopuxini 1987: 314-315).
(swored amasve adasturebs axali aRTqmisa da fsal-
munTa marTlmadidebluri teqstis inglisuri gamoce-
mis ioanes saxarebis saTanado sqolioebi: biblia. 1,4-5).
zemomoxmobili ganmartebebis kvalobaze, naTeli,
romelic Semoitana wm. SuSanikma sakanSi, acocxlebs
da amSvenierebs iqaurobas, sicocxlesa hfens, anu es
is Zalaa, romelsac yvelaferSi Seaqvs mSveniereba. es
igive wminda sulia. arsis (da arsebobis Sinagani gamo-
naTebaa). araRameuli naTelia, Tanac `naTeli bnelsa
Sina~. igi aqrobs sibneles.
mgoni, yovelive es (da gacilebiT meti) akumulirebu-
lia `SuSanikis wamebis~ ganxilul sityvebSi, metadre
imiT, rom exmianeba ìoanes saxarebis dasawyiss~ (i. 1,1-5).
yovelive es aris saRvTismetyvelo ganmarteba. amave
TvalTaxedviT masze kidev bevri ram SeiZleboda Tqmu-
liyo, magram amjerad Cveni mizania SeZlebisdagvarad
warmovadginoT gaazrebani saero TvalsazrisiTac. am-
235
gvari tradicia arsebobs bizantiur esTetikis narkve-
vebSiac, qarTul esTetikaSic da literaturis istori-
ebSi. cxadia, rom arsebiTi Teologiuri gaazrebania
da mis mixedviT unda xdebodes esTetikuri Sexedule-
bebis koreqcia.
orive TvalTaxedvisaTvis gasaTvaliswinebelia Sem-
degi ram:
mzeqala SaniZis mier gamocemul fsalmunebs daer-
Tvis `gamokvlevaÁ Zalisa fsalmunTaÁsa~ aTanase aleq-
sandrielisa, romelSiac naTqvamia, rom fsalmunTa si-
tyvebi unda aRviqvaT rogorc Cvenive saTqmeli.
bibliis moTxrobiTi Janris nawarmoebebisadmi mki-
Txvels sxvagvari mimarTeba aqvs. fsalmuni ki uSualod
Cvenive gancdebs gadmoscems: àra Tu viTarca dabade-
basa Sina sxuasa sityuaTa mogviTxrobs, viTarmed: Rmer-
Ti ityoda da mose miugebda; da kualad: etyoda vi-
Tarca abrahams~, fsalmuniT `kaci galobiT Seasxamn
Tavisa magier~. moTxrobiTi Janrisagan fsalmunebs is
ganasxvavebs, rom `raJams vinme fsalmunebn, a r a T u
viTarmca vin sxuaÁ ganrebul arn da
i t a n j e b i n , gina Tu hmadlobn da evedrebin da
akurTxevn, aramed TÂsiT g o n e b i T u g a l o b n da
adidebn RmerTsa da TÂsi i g i s i t y u a Á a m s a -
x u r i s da winaswarmetyuelebn da esrÀT miwevnul yo-
velTa fsalmunTagan ufrossa gulisxmis-yofa aRZrvad
sulisa CveniTa da gonebiTa locvad. e s r e T S e v -
hracxoT, viTarmca Cuen v a r T ~ (SaniZe
1960: 442).
naTeli sulierebas gamoxatavs, raTa sulierebis ga-
sagneba ar moxdes. sagnebsac naTeli asulierebs. igi
sagnebs `suls udgams~, ukuneTidan amohyavs. unaTlo
sagnebi araraobaSi inTqmebian, isini CvenTvis ar arse-
boben. naTeli sulisa da sagnis SemaerTebelia. `suli~
saganTan midis rogorc sinaTle, `suli~ sinaTlea. igi
Cveni gonebis sixarulia. ar SeiZleba igi emsgavsos mwu-
xarebas. mwuxareba naTlis moklebaa, anu naTlis mwuxria.
naTeli yvelaferze TavisTavadi ramaa. ra aris na-
Teli? naTelia is, rac gamoavlens sagnebsa da Tavis-
Tavs, magram marto es rodia naTeli. naTeli naTeli
236
iqneba, Tundac is Seucnobeli iyos. yovelive SeiZleba
naTelmosili gaxdes, naTeli ki SesaZlebelia yoveli-
ves gareSe.
es naTeli `suliTa sacnauria~. sulieri naTeli ax-
lavs xilul naTelsac, mas mxolod zemxedveloba
SeigrZnobs.
naTeli TavisTavad, wmindad da Seurevlad raRacas
gamoxatavs. es `raRac~ masSivea, misi Zalaa, misia. mas
agreTve SeuZlia gamoxatos Soreuli `raRac~. ase rom,
naTeli yovelTvis esTetikuri raobaa, mSvenierebisa da
amaRlebulobis momfenia.
TavisTavadobiT, sulierebiTa da zesrulobiT naTe-
li yovelive arsebulze zeamaRlebulia. amitomaa, rom
sikeTisa da silamazis gamosaxatavad naTelze ukeTesi
araferia.
sinaTle siwmindis simbolo iyo. modis sxivi da mo-
aqvs amxela sikeTe àrafris fasad~, ase sufTad da
`TviTmiznurad~. amaze meti silamaze da sikeTe raRa Se-
iZleboda amqveynad. Tanac, modioda sikeTe xelSeuxebe-
li, vermisawvdomi da wminda, rogorc eTerovani `raRac~.
naTelze ufro wminda SeiZleba iyos mxolod azri.
naTeli zebunebrivia Tavisi simartiviT da sispeta-
kiT. am simartiveSi didi sirTulea. naTelze sul mar-
tivi fiqriTac ki zecasa da miwas vakavSirebT.
yoveli didi wyvdiadis siRrmeSi kacs eguleba
naTeli.
borotebac eswrafvis sinaTles, radgan boroteba
grZnobs Tavis mankierebas da surs ebrZolos sikeTes.
amitomac surs mas naTels daemsgavsos, magram misi na-
Teli araa zeaRmavali sinaTle. igi iferfleba qvedam-
zidveli ZaliT.
mSveniereba ki naTelia, zeciT mosuli.
naTlis esTetika mzis esTetikas daemyara, magram me-
ti suliereba da siRrme moitana. mzis esTetika jer
kidev martivia. ver scildeba sagnebs. naTeli TviTonaa
esTetikuri raoba.
cxadia, ara zemoaRniSnuli saxis konkretuli Sina-
arsis ganmartebisaTvis, aramed saTanado paradigmuli
237
sivrcis gasaTvaliswineblad movixmobT saxismetyvele-
bis vrcel sferos:
uZvelesi kulti mzisa, `mzeSina~, `lile~ da `riha~,
dedoflis mindvrisa da levkoTeas, anu TeTri qal-
RmerTis (straboni) taZrebi, svanuri lemi da zogad-
qarTuli borjRali, dalis Tmebis naTeli, miTosuri
mzis Tvali vazis mtevanSi, yamarqali da, ufro metad,
mzeqalebi da mzeWabukebi, TuSuri milivnebi da dasav-
luri CiCilaki, kolxuri miTosuri reliqtebi megrul
enasa da eTnografiaSi...
`monaTvlis~ qarTuli gaazreba, uZvelesi saxe qar-
Tuli jvrebisa, jvari vazisa da `sveticxoveli~, qar-
Tvel agiografTa antisolaruli polemika, `Sen xar
venaxi~, àmirandarejanianis~ `mzis Wabukebi~, Tamar _
IV hipostasis mziuri saxeba, `vefxistyaosnis~ mxatvru-
li mze, d. guramiSvilis `mzeTa-mze~, n. baraTaSvilis _
`mSveniereba naTelia zeciT mosuli~, mzisa da naTlis
tropika galaktionis poeziaSi. _ ai, zogadad is Tval-
sawieri, romelic gviCvenebs, rom q a r T u l i s a -
xismetyvelebis safuZvelTa safuZve-
l i a m z i s a d a n a T l i s e s T e t i k a (siraZe
1987: 3).
ai, am vrcel da zedroul konteqstSi unda Caiwe-
ros zemoaRniSnuli paradigmuli saxe `SuSanikis
wamebidan~.
damowmebani:
biblia: i. 1,4-5: The Orthodox study Bible (New Testament and Psalms).
lopuxini 1987: Толковая Библья. Стокгольм: 1987 (ioanes saxareba
I,4-5). 1987.
oqropiri 1993: wm. ioane oqropiri. ganmarteba ioanes saxare-
bisa. I, Tb.: `merkuri ~, 1993.
siraZe 1987: siraZe r. literaturul-esTetikuri narkvevebi (Ta-
vi: qarTuli esTetikis specifikisaTvis). Tb.: `ganaTleba~, 1987.
SaniZe 1960: fsalmunis Zveli qarTuli redaqciebi (X-XIII
saukuneTa xelnawerebis mixedviT). gamosca m. SaniZem. Tb.: saqar-
Tvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba, 1960.
238
Revaz Siradze
One Paradigmatic Sample of Hagiographic Tropology

(several remarks)
Summary
The paper deals with one paradigmatic image of The Martyrdom of

St.Shushanik: `ganabrwyina da ganaSuena yoveli igi cixe
sulierTa miT qnariTa~ [The entire prison was made radiant and
beautiful as she shone with every virtue] (translated by Jumber
Cholobargiani).
The metaphysics of radiant (and the aesthetics of radiant) makes this
image paradigmatic.
In this work an attempt is made to interpret the mentioned image also
with metaphysical content as well as according to the aesthetics of the
radiant.
239
laura grigolaSvili
sZali qristesi
iakob xucesis `SuSanikis wamebis~ saxeobriv sistema-

Si simbolos _ sZali qristesi _ centraluri adgili
ukavia.* Zeglis Seswavlis xangrZlivi istoriis manZil-
ze aRniSnuli simbolos mniSvnelobaze pirvelad yu-
radReba manana gigineiSvilma gaamaxvila (gigineiSvili
1972: 223-233). man cxadyo, rom es simbolo mowamis saxe-
sac Zerwavs, siuJetur Txrobasac warmarTavs da nawar-
moebs kompoziciuradac kravs. ìakob xucesma amqveyni-
uri pativis momaswavebel samkaulTa nacvlad borki-
lebiT Semkuli da qristes sasZlod gamzadebuli Su-
Sanikis amaRleba dagvixata~, _ dasZens mkvlevari (gigi-
neiSvili 1978: 231). am simbolos Zalze sayuradRebo
waxnagebia gamokveTili r. siraZis naazrevSic: ìakob
curtaveli SuSaniks uwodebs `tarigsa~ da `qristes
sZals~. SuSaniki, romelic ganudga qmars da ojaxs,
Sinaganad xelaxla ganimsWvala qalwulebrivi umanko-
ebiT da amgvarad warmodgeba qristes sZlad~ (siraZe
1978:37). manamde ki, SeiZleba iTqvas, es uaRresad tevadi
da mniSvnelovani saxe-simbolo mecnierTa yuradRebis
miRma iyo darCenili, rasac Tavisi axsna SeiZleba mo-
eZebnos: epoqis ideologiuri atmosfero ar moiTxovda
Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis saRvTismetyvelo Sinaarsis
mqone simboloTa hermenevtikul gaazrebas.
samagierod, qarTul samwerlobo tradiciaSi aRniS-
nuli simbolos mniSvneloba Tavidanve iyo gacnobiere-
* samecniero literaturaSi xSirad erTmaneTis sinonimebad gvxvdeba ter-

minebi: saxe, simbolo, metafora, Sesityveba... me upiratesobas vaniWeb sim-
bolos, radgan vefuZnebi Tvalsazriss, rom medievalur kulturaSi swo-
red simbolos akisria rogorc ontologiuri, ise esTetikuri funqcia,
radgan swored is gvevlineba grZnobadi da zegrZnobadi sinamdvilis Se-
makavSirebel saxed. mas SeuZlia logikur definiciaTa miRma myofi re-
alobis gamoxatva. simbolos Zv. berZnuli ganmarteba _ orad gatexili
xis naWeri _ orobiTobas gulisxmobda. simboloc mxatvrul naazrevSi ga-
re da Sida sinamdvilis erTdroulad momcvelia. Suasaukuneobrivi kultu-
ris ZiriTadi esTetikuri principi ki swored materialuri da sulieri
samyaros erTianobas efuZneba.
240
buli da SuSanikis saxesTan dakavSirebul simboloTa
Soris dominirebuli adgili ekava. TviT `SuSanikis
wamebaSi~, V saukuneSi Seqmnil ZeglSi, `sZali qriste-
si~ orjeraa moxmobili. jojiki mimarTavs dedofals:
`sZalo da mÃevalo qristÀso~ (Zeglebi 1963:26). igive
Sinaarsia Caqsovili iakob xucesis naTqvamSi: `vixile
tarigi igi qristÀsi Suenierad viTarca sZali Semkuli
maTgan~ (Zeglebi 1963:22). es simbolo ikveTeba wm. SuSa-
nikisadmi miZRvnil erTstrofian òxiTaÁsSi~:
wamebisa gÂrgÂniTa Seimkue meuRlisa Senisagan, de-
dofalo SuSanik,
da warmavalisa dedoflobisa wil moige sufevaÁ
waruvali,
da aw kadnierad mdgomare xar winaSe siZisa Senisa
ukudavisa qrsitÀsa~.
meox gueyav maqebelTa SenTa, sanatrelo (curtaveli
1938: 64).
m. sabininis `saqarTvelos samoTxeSi~ gamoqveynebul
`SuSanikis wamebas~ epigrafad wamZRvarebuli aqvs niko-
loz Tbilelis erTstrofiani iambiko, sadac wamebuli
dedofali zeciuri siZisken mswraf dedadaa dasaxuli:
siyuarulisa sayuarelisad mculelad,
bunebiT dedas, mamaTaca umÃnessa,
azarmaciTgan stvinavs dedofalsa,
SuSanik msrbolsa siZisad zecaTasa
Teklebr, meuRle misi _ eTemeroza.
(sabinini 1882: 181)
`SuSanikis wamebis~ anton kaTalikosiseul redaqci-

aSi ki aRniSnuli simbolo Zeglis saxeobrivi sistemis
RerZia. epigrafSive, romelic Tavad anton kaTalikoss
ekuTvnis, aqcentirebulia _ SuSaniki, rogorc sZali
qristesi:
Ruaris sadeniT sada Sevida siZe
mtilsa, raTamca ganixilnes xilnarni,
mieci mun Sen etlad aminadabis
dasajdomelad RmerT-mTavrobiTisa RmrTis,
SuSanik, sZalo siZisa sayuarelo.
(Zeglebi 1980: 85)
241
Txzulebis dasawyisSi saubaria SuSanikze, rogorc
sZlobisTvis mowiful qalwulze, rogorc `sibrZnis
mÃmevel sZalze~, romelic mSobelTa surviliT misTx-
ovda varsqens. mowamebriv gzaze Semdgar dedofals ki
anton kaTalikosi ukve moixseniebs rogorc qristes
sZals: `xolo Se-ra-vides cixed da Seayenes wmidaÁ igi
sapyrobilesa Sina... maSin sanatreli sZali qristesi, ...
qmnilebasa oqroÁsasa emhsgavseboda~ (Zeglebi 1980: 97).
`da esreT netari igi, suli misi sZali qristesi, et-
yoda Tavsa TÂssa da siZesa: `nardionman Cemman gamoh-
sca sunnelebaÁ~ (Zeglebi 1980: 97); ìxarebda suliTa
Semosili samosliTa macxovarebisaTa da kuarTiTa
mxiarulebisaTa da viTarca siZeÁ mitrogaremodebuli
da viTarca sZali samkauliTa Semkuli~, ... esreT aRmo-
acena ufalman simarTleÁ da sixaruli wmidisa TÂsisa
Soris~ (Zeglebi 1980:98), `xolo odes moiwia Jami uku-
davisa mier siZisa misdami wodebisa sZlisa TÂsisa, mo-
uwoda sZalman da mowameman episkopossa saxlisa TÂsi-
sasa afocs da madlobasa aRuarebda mowleobisaTÂs
misisa~ (Zeglebi 1980:104); àResrula ukue mowame da
sZali qristesi SuSanik TTuesa okdonbersa~... (Zeglebi
1980: 104).
anton kaTalikosis TxzulebaSi, rogorc cnobilia,
CarTulia citatebi iakob xucesis `SuSanikis wamebi-
dan~ da, bunebrivia, mas Tavis nawarmoebSi orive pasa-
Ji, sadac wm. SuSaniki moxsenebulia qristes sZlad,
Setanili aqvs.
am fonze Cemi yuradReba miipyro `SuSanikis wamebis~
somxurma redaqciebma* (rogorc vrcelma, ise moklem),
romlebic kategoriulad emijnebian am saxe-simbolos.
somxur redaqciebSi gvxvdeba `tarigi~, `mxevali~, mag-
ram ar Cans `sZali qristesi~.
riT unda aixsnas es viTareba? sasuliero/saeklesio
literaturaSi Caxedul adamians gaaxsendeba, rom `sZa-
li qristesi~, rogorc simbolo, TiTqmis yovelTvis
qristesmobaZav qalwul-mowameebTan aris dakavSirebu-
* vsargeblob i. abulaZis mecnieruli TargmanebiT `SuSanikis wamebis~

somxuri redaqciebisa (abulaZe 1978).
242
li; qristes sZlad iwodebian: wm. pirvelmowame Tekla,
wm. ekaterine, wm. aRaTia, wm. efemia, wm. pelagia, Rirsmo-
wame Tebronia, wm. tatiana, wm. doroTea, wm. barbare...
wm. ekaterines Sesaxeb mogviTxroben, rom man, aleq-
sandriis mmarTvelis asulma, gonierebiTa da brwyinva-
le ganaTlebiT gamorCeulma qalwulma, farulad mi-
iRo qristianoba. sizmriseul CvenebaSi mas gamoecxada
RvTismSobeli yrma iesoTi. ufalma beWedi uboZa ekate-
rines. qalwulis cdunebas Seecada imperatori maqsimi-
ane (305-313), coloba sTxova, magram ekaterinem yvelas
winaSe ganacxada, rom Tavis zeciur siZes _ qristes
ver uRalatebda. mas jalaTebma Tavi mohkveTes. wm. eka-
terine erT-erTi pirveli qalwul-mowamea, pirveli
sZali qristesi.∗
cnobilia isic, rom msoflio saeklesio krebaTa
dadgenilebebiT ganmtkicda Tvalsazrisi, rom qristes
sZali ewodebaT RvTisaTvis TavSewirul qalwulebs.
qlkedonis msoflio saeklesio krebaze miRebul iqna
kanoni im qalwulTa Sesaxeb, romelTac RmerTs miuZ-
Rvnes Tavi. maT uari unda eTqvaT qorwinebaze, raTa ar
eRalataT qristesTvis, zeciuri sasiZosTvis. amis gamo
eniWebodaT wm. qalwulis pativi da wmindanebad iwode-
bodnen (kanonebi 2007: 341).
am TvalTaxedvas zurgs umagrebs igavi aTi qalwu-
lis Sesaxeb (maTe 25, 1-13), romelsac g. tabiZec exmiane-
ba saTuTi striqonebiT: àTi qalwuli sanTeliT aTiT
eloden siZes~... (àTi qalwuli~).
Cans, `SuSanikis wamebis somxuri redaqciis avtors
Seufereblad miuCnevia pitiaxSis meuRlis, oTxi Svi-
lis dedis, SuSanikis moxsenieba `qristes sZlad~. mag-
ram Cndeba kiTxva: iakob xucesi tradicias upirispir-
deba? is Tavs uflebas aZlevs gadauxvios mcnebas?
dasmuli kiTxvebi gvibiZgebs veZioT aRniSnuli simbo-
∗
wm. ninos cxovrebis arsen beriseul redaqciaSi moTxrobilia, rogori
simtkiciT aRudga wm. rifsime, rogorc sZali qristesi Trdat mefis Za-
ladobas: ùwyalo msajulo, me zecisa sasZlosa miTxovil var da Sen
viTar ikadniereb amas~ (Zeglebi 1971:58).
243
los Rrma fesvebi, raTa konceptualurad Zalze dat-
virTuli simbolos arss CavwvdeT.
aRsaniSnavia, rom `sZali qristesi~ ar gvxvdeba arc
Zvel da arc axal aRTqmaSi. Tumca, udavoa, rom es sim-
bolo swored bibliis wiaRSia aRmocenebuli, aqaa mom-
zadebuli niadagi, aqve ikveTeba gza, romelsac buneb-
rivad mivyavarT am saxe-simbolosTan.
Zveli aRTqma araerTxel migvaniSnebs saqorwino ur-
TierTobaze RmerTsa da mis rCeul xalxs Soris. jer
kidev osia winaswarmetyvelebs RvTisa da israelis
kavSirze, romelic, saRvTismetyvelo swavlebiT, momas-
wavebelia qristesa da eklesiis qorwinebisa. RmerTi
auwyebs Tavis xalxs: `da mogiTxoo Sen Tavisa Cemisa
saukunod. da mogiTxoo Sen Tavisa Cemisa sarwmuno-
ebiT, da icna Sen ufali~ (osia 2, 19-20). miiCneven, rom
esaa gulmxurvale mowodeba, xmoba eklesiisa, Seemcnos
ufals, gaxdes sZali qristesi.
`qeba-qebaTaÁs~ komentatorebmac Zveli aRTqmis am
yvelaze idumal wignSi dainaxes RmrTisa da misi rCe-
uli xalxis saqorwino urTierTobis alegoria, sityvi-
sa da sxeulis SekavSirebis igavi, ieso qristesa da ek-
lesiis, anu qristesa da yoveli adamianis SeerTebis
(erTqmnis) ganmadidebeli himni.
bibliaSi SeiniSneba am ideis TandaTanobiTi ganvi-
Tareba. Tu osia RmerTs uwodebs Tavisi xalxis sasi-
Zos, axali aRTqmis igavebiT (maTe 25,1-13; maTe 22, 1-13)
miniSnebulia, rom RmerTi swored qristeSi xorciel-
deba siZed. àxali aRTqma~ RaRadebs iesos axal kav-
Sirze kacobriobasTan, TiToeul adamianTan. Tu Zveli
aRTqma, sinas mTaze rom daido RmerTsa da israels
Soris, saqorwino kontraqtia, romelic sisxlis Sxefe-
biTaa beWeddasmuli, axali aRTqma axali saqorwino
kavSiria, romelic ar dairRveva arasdros, radgan da-
beWdilia ieso qristes sisxliT.
beWedi is bibliuri simboloa, romliTac aRibeWda
qriste da miiRo uflebamosileba aRasrulos RmrTis
saqmeni, swored am beWdiT aRbeWdili gabrwyinda da
244
gamovlinda rogorc Ze RmrTisa (ioane 10-36). am naTlis
Tanaziari xdeba qristes beWdiT aRbeWdili adamianic.*
pavle mociqulis epistoleSi vkiTxulobT: `rameTu ga-
Sureb Tquen RmrTisa Sursa, rameTu migaTxoven Tquen
erTsa mamakacsa qalwulad wmidad wardginebad qriste-
sa~ (2 kor. 11, 2). es saqorwino winadadeba yvela mor-
wmunes uxmobs, yvelas mouwodebs ganemzados qristes
sasZlod. aq araa garCeuli dedakaci da mamakaci, aq ar
igulisxmebian mxolod qalwul-mowameebi.
simeon axali RvTismetyvelic ganmartavs: `siZe _
qriste beWeds uZRvnis suls, rac suliwmidisagan da-
windvas gulisxmobs. rogorc sasZlo SeuRlebamde si-
Zisgan mxolod dawindulia, xolo mziTevsac da mis-
Tvis Sepirebuli saCuqrebis miRebas SeuRlebis Semdeg
moelis, aseve sasZlo _ morwmuneTa eklesia da TiTo-
euli Cvenganis suli Tavdapirvelad sasiZosagan _
qristesgan martooden suliwmidiT daiwindvis. Semdeg
eZleva saukuno dideba da sasufeveli caTaÁ~ (simeon
axali RvTismetyveli 1992:91). e. i. qristes sasZlod mo-
iazreba morwmuneTa eklesiac da TiToeuli Cvenganis
sulic, aRTqma vrceldeba yvelaze, vinc eziara qristes
xorcsa da sisxls.
didi somexi poeti grigol narekaci SehRaRadebs
ufals: `Горе мне, когда иссякнет масло в светильнике, Ибо не
загорится он вновь~ (narekaci 1988: 50). aRmsarebeli Tavis
gancdebs gamoxatavs saxarebiseuli igaviT 10 qalwu-
lis Sesaxeb. is sulel qalwulTa Soris xedavs Tavs
da maTsaviT daukargavs imedi RvTaebrivi qorwinebisa.
daviT guramiSvilic mouwodebs Tavs:
nu gZinavs, sulo, aw ganiRviZe,
rom ar Seiqna lamparSretili,
SuaRamisas movides siZe,
gareT ar darCe kardakletili.
* qarTuli mwerlobis erT uZveles da mravali TvalsazrisiT sayurad-

Rebo ZeglSi _ èvstaTi mcxeTelis martvilobaSi~ sparseli gviroban-
daki Tavis gaqristianebas beWdis simboloTi gvamcnobs: `xolo me qris-
tes beWedi momiRebies da qristes toziksa vtozikob, rameTu qristÀs
beWdiTa aRbeWdul var~ (Zeglebi 1963: 30).
245
aseTi magaliTebis motana mravlad SeiZleba. yove-
live es ki gvaZlevs uflebas, davaskvnaT, rom simbolo
_ sZali qristesi _ universaluri Sinaarsisaa da ar
kargavs cxovelmyofelobas saukuneTa manZilze gviani
antikurobidan mokidebuli, gviani Suasaukuneebis
CaTvliT.
wm. SuSaniki, romelic iyo `moSiSi RmrTisaÁ siy-
rmiTgan TÂsiT~, RvTis Semecnebis gzaze dgas. igi emij-
neba varsqens, rogorc qristes moRalates, rogorc
orgulsa da mxdals. sapyrobileSi myofi dedofali
mowameobis gzas daadgeba. misi yofa, rogorc iakob
xucesi mogviTxrobs, asketuria, bermonazvnuria. simeon
axali RvTismetyvelis aRweriT, asketuri yofisTvis
damaxasiaTebelia: `marxva, mkacri pirobebi, Rvwa, rki-
nis borkilebi, wyluli, koJrebi fexze, Tivis uxeSi
qveSagebeli da sxva yvelanairi simZime yofisa (simeon
axali RvTismetyveli 1917:236). TiTqos wm. SuSanikis
Rvawlis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs axali RvTismetyveli.
gavixsenoT teqsti: `da mier dRiTgan, vinaÁTgan pyro-
bil yves igi cixesa mas Sina, sasTaulsa zeda ara
midvis, garna alizi erTi daidvis sasTunal. da quesa-
gebelad iyo girjaki erTi Zueli da kacTa Tualisa _
sasTaul erTi xalenisa ucn sasTunliT kerZo da Ta-
yuanis sacemelad kiliki erTi mcirÀ que warugdebied,
da grwyili da tili mougonebeli adgilsa mas das-
xmul iyo~ (Zeglebi 1963: 38-39).
saWirod miviCnev aqve gavamaxvilo yuradReba askezis
fenomenologiaSi SemuSavebul saintereso koncefci-
aze: RmerTTan adamianis urTierTobis mTeli procesi
tradiciulad or did nawilad iyofa: erTia _ Rvwa,
qmedeba (praqsisi) da meore _ Wvreta (Teoria). Tumca
ar SeiZleba praqsisi da Teoria miviCnioT erTmaneTis
monacvle Tanmimdevrul safexurebad. ara mxolod
praqsisia Sesrutuli TeoriaSi, aramed garkveulwilad
piriqiTac SeiZleba davuSvaT, kavSiri maT Soris or-
mxrivia (xoruJi 1998:89). wm. maqsime aRmsarebeli ganmar-
tavs: `Wvreta qmedebis gareSe, Teoria, gaumyarebeli
praqtikiT, arafriT gansxvavdeba warmosaxvisagan, efe-
meruli fantaziisagan... aseve qmedebac, Tu is gacxove-
246
lebuli ar aris WvretiT, unayofoa da gaqvavebuli,
rogorc kerpi~ (loski 1972: 106). wm. SuSanikic swored
am safexurebs gadis.
eklesiis mamaTa swavlebiT, adamianis sulieri ganvi-
Tarebis gza TeozisiT, ganRmrTobiT mTavrdeba. gan-
RmrTobis safuZvlad miCneulia petre mociqulis Sego-
neba: `romelTagan did-didni da patiosanni aRTqumani
Cuen moguaniWna, raÁTa amis mier iqmnneT saRmrToÁsa
mis ziar bunebisa~ (2 petre 1, 4). ganRmrTobaa Rvawlis
mizani da saboloo Sedegi, adamianis movaleobis aR-
srulebis damagvirgvinebeli etapi. rogorc p. minini
SeniSnavs, `ganRmrToba aris ara idea, ara Teoria, ara
dogma, aramed uwinares yovlisa da yvelaferze metad
Sinagani cxovrebis faqti... swored am faqts efuZnebian
mamebi TavianTi soterologiuri, eTikuri da esqato-
logiuri moZRvrebis ganmartebisas~ (minini 1991: 339-340).
saRvTismetyvelo gagebiT, ganRmrToba Sedegia gankace-
bisa, RmerTi imitom gankacda, rom adamiani ganiRmrTos.
wm. SuSanikis Rvawlic gasxivosnebulia sulierebiT,
misi yoveli sityva, yoveli fraza gamsWvalulia siy-
varuliT, sasoebiT, rwmeniT. mis qmedebasa da qcevas
RvTaebrivi naTeli adgas (`gananaTla yoveli cixÀ su-
lieriTa miT qnariTa~). igi brZnadmetyvelebs: èse yo-
veli cxorebaÁ, viTarca yuavili velTa warmaval ars
da daudgromel, da vin sTesa _ moimko da vin ganabnia
glaxakTaTÂs _ Seikriba, da romelman wariwymidos Ta-
vi TÂsi, man poos igi, romelman adida igi~ (Zeglebi
1963: 27).
wm. SuSaniki netarebs, siyvaruliT eTxoveba irgvliv
myofT da siyvaruliTve gamsWvaluli eswrafvis mara-
diul samyofels: `xolo me, sayuarelno, aha esera wi-
naganmzadebulsa mas gzasa warval saukunesa. Wirisa
amis wil Cemisa qristeman mommadlos me sixaruli, sa-
tanjvelTa amaT wil gansuenebaÁ, guemaTa amaT CemTa
da TrevaTa da SeuracxebaTa _ mivemTxÂo me didebasa da
pativsa caTa Sina dausrulebelsa~ (Zeglebi 1963: 27-28).
`da Sehvedra suli TÂsi ufalsa yovelTa Semwynare-
belsa~, _ daasrulebs Txrobas iakob xucesi. aq erTi
saeklesio moRvawis sityvebi unda gavixsenoT: `visac
247
Tavisi sicocxlis manZilze erTxel mainc ar ugrZvnia
mxurvaleba sulierebis koconTan miaxlovebisas, is
verasdros gaigebs sulis ra mdgomareobazea aq sauba-
ri~. iakob xucesis xma wvdeboda msmenels, mTxrobelis
sityva aTbobda morwmunis guls.
da kidev: uaxles samecniero literaturaSi Camoya-
libebulia uaRresad mniSvnelovani diskursi: `marTl-
madideblobaSi Cveulebrivi `Teoriuli~ anu àkademi-
uri~ RvTismetyvelebis gverdiT (romelic, sxvaTa So-
ris, marTlmadideblobaSi ganuzomlad sustad iyo gan-
viTarebuli, vidre dasavleTSi), imTaviTve arsebobda
saRvTismetyvelo azris gansxvavebuli tipi, ganuyre-
lad dakavSirebuli sulier praqtikasTan, cxovrebise-
ul gamocilebasTan RmerTSi. mis cdiseul bazas war-
moadgens asketikis sfero, xolo mTavar kategoriad
warmodgeba ganRmrToba _ gansakuTrebuli xasiaTis
koncepti, xidi gadebuli asketikasa da RvTismetyvele-
bas Soris, romelic imavdroulad aris saRvTismetyve-
lo cneba da praqtikuli sagani, asketur RvawlTa Zi-
ebis mizani~ (xoruJi 1998: 24).
amrigad, saeklesio tradiciam `sZali qristesi~ da-
ukanona qristesmobaZav qalwul-mowameebs, magram, saxa-
rebisa da saRvTismetyvelo naazrevis mixedviT, es sim-
bolo gulisxmobs ara mxolod qalwul-mowameebs, ara-
med zogadad yvelas, vinc qristes Semecnebis gzaze
dgas da Teoziss eswrafvis. qarTuli mwerlobis uZve-
lesi Zegli _ `SuSanikis wameba~ iakob xucesisa swo-
red am SinaarsiT msWvalavs aRniSnul simbolos. am ga-
gebas mxars uWers wm. SuSanikis saxesTan dakavSirebu-
li yvela rogorc prozauli, ise poeturi versia, gar-
da am Zeglis somxuri redaqciebisa.
qarTuli mwerlobis saTaveebTan Seqmnil martvilo-
logiur TxzulebaSi iakob xucesma didi saTqmeli
mravlismomcveli simboloTi gamoxata.
248
damowmebani
gigineiSvili 1978: gigineiSvili m. iakob curtaveli. wamebaÁ

wmidisa SuSanikisi. Tb.: `saunje~, # 6, 1978.
iakob curtaveli 1978: iakob curtaveli martvilobaÁ SuSaniki-
si. qarTuli da somxuri teqsti gamosca, gamokvleva, variantebi,
leqsikoni da saZieblebi daurTo ilia abulaZem. Tb.: `mecni-
ereba~, 1978.
kanonebi 2007: marTlmadidebeli eklesiis kanonebi episkopos
nikodimis (milaSi) ganmartebebiT. t. I, Tb.: àlilo~, 2007.
loski 1972: Лосский В. Очерк мистического богословия восточной церкви,
Богословские труды т. 8. М.: 1972.
minini 1991: Минин П. Главные направления древнецерковной мистики.
Мистическое богословие. Киев: 1991.
narekaci 1988: Нарекаци Г. Перевод с древноармянского и коментарии
М.О. Дарбинян-Меликян и Л. А. Ханларян. Вступительная статья С.С.
Аверинцева. М.: 1988.
sabinini 1882: saqarTvelos samoTxe. m. sabininis gamocema.
peterburRi: 1882.
simeon axali RvTismetyveli 1917: Преп. Симеон Новый Богослов.
Божественные гимны. Сергиев Посад. 1917.
simeon axali RvTismetyveli 1992: simeon axali RvTismetyveli.
samoRvaweo, SemecnebiTi da saRvTismetyvelo Tavni. ZvelberZnu-
lidan Targmna m. induaSvilma. Tb.: 1992. saqarTvelos sapatri-
arqos gamocema.
siraZe 1978: Иаков Цуртавели. Мученичество Шушаник, перевод с
грузинского Корнелия Кекелидзе. Предисловие и примечания Р. Г. Сирадзе.
Тб.: `Мерани~, 1978.
lebi. wigni I. ilia abulaZis redaqciiTa da xelmZRvanelobiT.
Tb.: `mecniereba~, 1963.
lebi. wigni III. ilia abulaZis xelmZRvanelobiTa da redaqciiT.
lebi. wigni VI. teqsti gamosacemad moamzades, gamokvleva, leq-
sikoni da saZieblebi daurTes enriko gabiZaSvilma da mixeil
qavTariam. Tb.: `mecniereba~, 1980.
xoruJi 1998: Сергей Хоружий. К Феноменологии аскезы. М.: Издательство
Гуманитарной литературы, 1998.
249
Laura Grigolashvili
The Bride of Christ
Summary
The ecclesiastical traditions ascribe the term “Bride of Church” to

virgin martyrs but according to the Gospel and theological thinking this
symbol implies not only the virgin martyrs but in general, everyone who
is on the way of knowing Christ and seeks theosys. The oldest piece of
the Georgian literary creation “Martyrdom of Shushanik” by Iakob
Khutsesi (the priest) gives this very meaning to the above symbol. This
understanding has been shared by all prosaic or poetic pieces linked to
the image of St. Shushanik except the Armenian editions of this literary
monument.
Iakob Khutsesi expressed his great thought through a deep and
versatile symbol in his martyrologic work created at the origins of the
Georgian literature.
250
ilustraciebi
mamia malazoniasi
IX
X
ana leTodiani
,,SuSanikis wamebis~ simboloTa gaazrebisaTvis
simbolo, adamianis mier samyaros Secnobis, gamosax-

vis, komunikaciis specifikuri saSualebaa, romelic
uZvelesi droidan arsebobs. igi ori sawyisis aRsaniS-
nisa da aRmniSvnelis Serwymaa (todorovi 1999: 249;
siraZe 1982: 75); misi struqturis or poluss sagnobri-
vi gamosaxuleba da Rrma azri warmoadgens (averincevi:
2001: 155). simbolos vxvdebiT adamianis cxovrebisa da
moRvaweobis yvela sferoSi: religiaSi, xelovnebaSi,
mecnierebaSi, sadag yofaSi. igi realobis cocxal
Wvretas efuZneba (losevi 1919: 218), magram ar aris misi
uSualo imitacia (ivanovi 1987: 379), pirdapiri anarek-
li. simbolo miniSneba, idumali azris monacvle da
misken megzuria (hofmani: http://slovar.lib.ru/dictionary/ simvol.
htm). igi movlenebis Tu sagnebis siRmisken warmarTavs
Cvens yuradRebas (siraZe 1982: 79) da Sinagan, arsebiT
mxareze miuTiTebs (ivanovi 1987: 370), emsaxureba raRac
uxilavis, gamoucnobis aRmoCenas, rac zedapirze ar
devs.
simbolos azrobriv velSi wvdomis, misi Sin-arsis
àmokiTxvisa“ da gagebisaTvis aucilebelia kulturu-
li konteqstis gaTvaliswineba, radgan simboluri az-
rovneba evolucias ganicdis da sxvadasxva epoqaSi
airekleba am epoqebis: religiuri, miTosuri, xelovne-
bismieri (gamsaxurdia 1991: 19), politikur-ideologi-
uri memkvidreoba, Rirebulebebis, normebisa da ideebis
ZiriTadi arsi. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva Sua
saukuneebi, epoqa, romlisTvisac simbolo erT-erT ar-
sebiT, zogadkulturul princips warmoadgenda (uni-
versaluri enciklopedia: http://www.mega.km.ru/ bes_2004/
encyclop.asp?TopicNumber=6335) da msWvalavda yvela sfe-
ros, religiuriT dawyebuli sazogadoebriviT damTav-
rebuli (siraZe 1982: 76). es logikuria, radgan Sua sa-
ukuneebi qristianuli msoflmxedvelobrivi sistemis
damkvidrebis xanaa. swored qristiani sasuliero moR-
251
vaweebi iyvnen pirvelni, vinc seriozulad daiwyes sim-
bolos struqturuli analizi (Tumca, simbolos fi-
losofiur-esTetikuri gaazreba SedarebiT gviandeli
movlenaa). pirvelebma maT dayves niSani or tipad: re-
aluri niSani anu saxe da pirobiTi niSani anu simbo-
lo (`rameTu aCrdili aqunda sjulsa mermeTa maT ke-
TilTaÁ, ara TÂT igi xati saqmeTaÁ maT wliTi wlad
msxuerplTa maT Seswirved samaradisod, verasada Sem-
Zlebel iyvnes igini SemwirvelTa maT gansrulebad"
(ebr. 10. 1); àramed sufevda sikudili adamisiTgan vid-
re mosesadmde da maT zedaca, romelTa-igi ara ecoda
msgavsad gardasvlisa mis adamisa, romeli-igi ars saxe
mermeTa maT JamTaÁ~ (rom. 5. 14).
areopagitikis mixedviT, WeSmaritebis Sesaxeb cod-
nis gadmocemis orgvari gza arsebobs: èrTi _ gamouT-
qmeli, meore _ cxadi da iolad Sesacnobi. amaTgan,
pirveli _ simboluri da mistikuria, meore ki filo-
sofiuri da yvelasTvis misawvdomi~ (http://planetadisser.
com/ see/dis_117363.html). umaRlesi WeSmariteba pirveli
gziT gadmoicema, radgan yvelaferi, rasac vxedavT,
aris uxilavis, sakraluris, RvTis ganusazRvreli ar-
sis simbolo (amasTan, amqveyniuri ierarqiis safexu-
rebi aRadgenen umaRlesi, zeciuri ierarqiis saxes).
aleqsandriuli saRvTismetyvelo skolis fuZemdeblis,
klimenti aleqsandrielis ganmartebiT, "mexsierebis
daxmareba, saTqmelis lakonurad da SekumSulad gad-
mocemis SesaZlebloba, WeSmaritebis aRmosaCenad gone-
bis daZabva da gavarjiSeba, ai, esaa azris, saTqmelis
simbolurad gamoxatvis mizani~ (afanasievi: http://www.xsp.
ru). amdenad, SeiZleba iTqvas, qristianobisaTvis simbo-
lo erTgvar saazrovno enas warmoadgens.
bunebrivia, simboluri azrovneba vlindeba adreuli
Sua saukuneebis centralur literaturul JanrebSi _
hagiografiasa da himnografiaSi. es tendencia SeimCneva
`SuSanikis wamebaSic~, erT-erT uZveles qarTul hagi-
ografiul TxzulebaSi. Cven naSromSi `SuSanikis wame-
bis~ ramdenime simboloze SevaCerebT yuradRebas. visa-
ubrebT zogadad saxelis da konkretulad, saxel
252
`SuSanikis~, aseve _ `mglis~, `mxecis~, `kravis~, `nayo-
fis~, `yvavilis~, `sanTlis~ simbolur mniSvnelobasa
da teqstSi maT azrobriv datvirTvaze.
Tavdapirvelad saxelis simbolikas SevexebiT. iakob
xucesis Tanaxmad, wmindans `mamisgan~ saxelad erqva `var-
dan~, siyvaruliT ki `SuSaniks~ uwodebdnen (Zeglebi
1963: 11).
uZvelesi rwmeniT, adamians SemTxveviT ar erqva esa
Tu is saxeli.* saxeli gansazRvravda adamianis misias,
mis gzasa da mizandasaxulebas. igi gamoxatavda adami-
anis pirovnul arssac da, Tavis mxriv, zemoqmedebda
kidec adamianis srulqmnaze (grigolaSvili 2002: 86, 87;
brokhauzi: http://www.gumer.info/bogoslov_Buks/dictionary/brokg/
index. php).
antikuri da Sua saukuneebis kulturaSi saxeli
sagnis, obieqtis bunebis amsaxvelad miiCneoda. bibli-
uri RvTismetyvelebis leqsikonis mixedviTac, yoveli
adamiani atarebs im saxels, romelic mis amqveyniur
daniSnulebas Seesabameba (bibliuri RvTismetyvelebis
leqsikoni 1974: 453).
wmindanTa `cxovrebebSi~, himnografiaSi xSiria mi-
niSneba imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor cxadad gamoxatavs
wmindani Tavisi saxelis Sinagan arss. `cxovrebaTa~ ste-
reotipuli formula aseTia, _ `cxovreba saxelis mi-
xedviT da ara saxeli cxovrebis mixedviT!~
qristianuli eklesia saxels afasebs, rogorc su-
lier tips, pirovnuli yofis konkretul sulieri nor-
mas, ideas. amis saukeTeso gamoxatulebaa wmindani Ta-
visi empiriuli arsebobiT. saxeli gansazRvravs pirov-
nebas da moniSnavs misi cxovrebis idealur sazRvrebs.
Tumca, es ar niSnavs, rom saxeliT gansazRvruli pi-
rovneba Tavisufali araa. saxeli, upirveles yovlisa,
zneobrivi TviTgansazRvris saSualebaa (florenski:
http://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_Buks/Linguist/Onomast/Flor/06.php).
* saxelis simbolizebis idea ukavSirdeba egviptur tradicias. egvipte-

lebi miiCnevdnen, rom sityvas gansakuTrebuli Zala aqvs da rom saxe-
lis yvela elementi simboluri mniSvnelobisaa. maTi SexedulebiT, saxe-
li sulis anarekli, adamianis xasiaTisa da bedis ganmasaxierebeli iyo
(niSanTa da simboloTa enciklopedia: http://sigils.ru/symbols/ima.html).
253
s. bulgakovis TqmiT, zogadad, saxeldeba edareba
dabadebis aqts. esaa materiis ideiT aRbeWdva anu ma-
teriasTan ideis SeerTeba. igi saxels cxovrebis Za-
las, energias uwodebs (niSanTa da simboloTa encik-
lopedia: http://sigils.ru/symbols.ima/htm).
iakob xucesi, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, Txzulebis
dasawyisSi mowame dedofals ori saxeliT ixseniebs:
`vardan~ da `SuSanik~. amaTgan, pirvels teqstSi veRar-
sad vxvdebiT, anu is TiTqos funqcias kargavs da mki-
Txvelis cnobierebaSi wminda dedofali swored `siy-
varuliT~ Serqmeuli saxeliT _ `SuSanikiT~ Semodis.
saxelis simbolizebis ideidan gamomdinare, am faqts
garkveuli axsna da datvirTva unda hqondes, miT ume-
tes Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, saxel `SuSanikis~ ganmartebas.
`SuSaniki~ niSnavs `wylis SroSans~ (saqarTvelos
eklesiis kalendari 1992: 431).
wylis SroSani anu lotosi sakmaod gavrcelebuli
simboloa, gansakuTrebiT samxreT-aRmosavleTi aziisa
da Soreuli aRmosavleTis qveynebSi (abzianiZe, elaS-
vili 2006: 127). igi samyaros sawyisis, Semoqmedi Zalis,
silamazis, bednierebis, siwmindis, sulierebis (simbolo-
Ta da niSanTa enciklopedia: http://sigils.ru/symbols. lotos/htm),
nayofierebis simbolod miiCneva.
lotosi aseve ganasaxierebs: dabadebas, aRorZinebas,
garkveul SemTxvevebSi, adamianis sulieri zrdis, srul-
yofilebis miRwevis unarsa da SesaZleblobas (tresi-
deri: http://www.gumer.Info/bibliotek_Buks/Culture/JekTresidder/308.php;
abzianiZe, elaSvili 2006: 127).
qristianobaSi lotosis yvavils Caenacvla TeTri
SroSani, romelic ukavSirdeba RvTismSobels, rogorc
zeciur dedofals. qristianul ikonografiaSi gabri-
el mTavarangelozs xarebisas TeTri SroSani miaqvs
wminda mariamisTvis (http://555bbmy.bbmy.ru/vinotopic.php? =350;
abzianiZe, elaSvili 2007: 114).
vfiqrobT, rom mowame dedoflis mxolod saxel
`SuSanikiT~ moxsenieba am saxelis simbolikas ukavSir-
deba da asaxavs wmindanis sulieri zrdis, RvTaebrivi
srulyofilebis miRwevis process. am SemTxvevaSi ve-
254
TanxmebiT q. elaSvilis Sexedulebas, rom es saxeli
wmindanis gzaze mianiSnebs (elaSvili 2009: 154). sagu-
lisxmoa isic, rom bibliis mixedviT, wmindanni emsgav-
sebian SroSans (qeba 2.2; os. 14.6).
qristianuli Teologiis Tanaxmad, upirvelesad, wmin-
danni arian is adamianebi, romelnic mTlianad Seud-
gebian da Seemecnebian RmerTs. TavianTi cxovrebis we-
sis, saTnoebebSi srulyofis kvalobaze ufali àZlevs
maT Svilad gaxdomis uflebamosilebas~ (ioan. 1.12).
Zeobiloba mwvervalia RvTisadmi msgavsebisa (WeliZe
2001: 118). Tavdapirvelad adamiani Seiqmna Zeobilad,
madlismier Zed RvTisa. Zeobilobis pativi man gaaukuR-
marTa mcnebis darRveviT. macxovarma Tavisi gankacebiT
kvlav aRadgina adamiani Tavdapirveli Zeobilobis pa-
tivSi (WeliZe 2001: 67, 68). amdenad, wmindani, vinc iqceva
vnebaTa meufed da gaukuRmarTebis gareSe saRvTo xa-
tis damcvelad xdeba madliT RmerTi, madliT da ara
bunebiT (ioane damaskeli 2000: 184).
gza `vnebaTa meufobis~, RvTaebrivi srulyofilebis,
wmindanobisaken rTuli da winaaRmdegobebiT aRsavsea.
wmindanobis fenomenis saerTo maxasiaTebelia Sinagani
brZola, sxeulisa da sulis dapirispireba. es antago-
nizmi gansakuTrebiT iCens Tavs `wamebis~ Janris Txzu-
lebebSi (farulava 2006: 657).
swored aRniSnul konteqstSi ganvixilavT Semdeg
simboloebs: `nayofi~, `sanTeli~, `yvavili~.
iakob xucesis cnobiT, sapyrobileSi yofnis meSvide
wels, ukve dauZlurebul wminda SuSanikTan, kurTxevi-
saTvis misul jojiksa da mis cols mowame dedofali
aseT sityvebs eubneba: `... miagos mas (varsqens) ufalman,
viTar man uJamod nayofni Cemni moisTvlna da sanTeli
Cemi daSrita da yuavili Cemi daaWno, SuenierebaÁ sike-
Tisa CemisaÁ daabnela da didebaÁ Cemi daamdabla~
(Zeglebi 1963: 26, 27).
momxmobil citatas sxvadasxvagvarad gaiazreben. er-
Ti mxriv, aq, wmindanisaTvis Seuferebeli saqcielia
danaxuli (gigineiSvili 1978: 203). meore mxriv, miCne-
ulia, rom `mosTulili nayofis~, `daSretili san-
Tlis~ da `damWknari yvavilis~ erTianobaSi moqceviT,
255
agiografi avtori migvaniSnebs SuSanikis Svilebze,
romlebic dedas ganudgnen (elaSvili 2009: 156).
TavisTavad sainteresoa, ra simboluri datvirTva
SeiZleba hqondes: nayofs, sanTelsa da yvavils.
nayofi gamoxatavs ukvdavebis arss, kulminacias, rom-
lis Sedegadac erTi mdgomareoba icvleba meoreTi
(simboloTa leqsikoni: http://dic.academic.ru/dic.ndf/simvol/646).
bibliuri swavlebiT, nayofiereba mcenaris bunebiTi
mdgomareobaa. asevea adamianis cxovrebac _ rogoricaa
igi Tavisi bunebiT, iseTivea misi nayofi. aqedan gamo-
mdinare, nayofi: keTil saqmeTa (maT. 7.17-18; filip. 4.17),
marTalTa cxovrebis (igav. 11.30), madlis (es. 3.10), amave
dros usjulo cxovrebis (maT. 7.17; 12.33) simboloa. igi,
amasTanave, warmoadgens RvTismSoblis atributs (bibli-
is leqsikoni (masalebi) 2000: 426, 427; elaSvili 2009: 159).
sanTeli ganasaxierebs RvTaebriv, sulier naTels
(simboloTa leqsikoni: http://dic.academic.ru). qristianuli
tradiciiT, igi: ieso qristes, eklesiis, madlis, rwme-
nis, nugeSis, mowameobis emblemaa; agreTve, simboloa
qristes aRdgomiT gamowveuli sixarulisa. qristianu-
li TvalTaxedviTve, Tavisi xanmokle arsebobis gamo
sanTeli xSirad adamianis sulis mRelvarebas gamoxa-
tavs (tresideri: http://www.gumer.Info/bibliotek_Buks/Culture/
JekTresidder/ 516.php; simboloTa leqsikoni 2000; http://www.
academic.ru; abzianiZe... 2007: 38). Camqrali, daSretili
sanTeli araswori cxovrebis simbolod miiCneva (sim-
boloTa leqsikoni 2000: http://www.academic.ru).
yvavili warmoadgens qaluri (pasiuri) sawyisis (sim-
boloTa leqsikoni 2000: http://www.academic.ru/dic/nsf/simvol/1955),
silamazis (gansakuTrebiT qaluri), srulyofilebis,
ubiwoebis, gazafxulis, axalgazrdobis, aseve, cxovre-
biseuli sixarulis (tresideri: http://www. gumer.Info/
bibliotek_ Buks/Culture/JekTresidder/657.php) simbolos. yvavili
ganasaxierebs: dabadebas, sicocxles, kvlav aRorZinebas,
amave dros, aRniSnavs sikvdilsa da wuTisoflis da
adamianuri didebis warmavlobas (abzianiZe, elaSvili
2008: 295).
256
nayofis, sanTlis, yvavilis simboluri mniSvnelobe-
bidan gamomdinare, vfiqrobT, rom zemomoxmobil fra-
zaSi, romelsac mowame dedofali warmoTqvams, erTgva-
ri dananeba, Civilic ki SeiZleba davinaxoT. magram ver
daveTanxmebiT m. gigineiSvils, rom es aris `wmindani-
saTvis Seuferebeli Civili~. yvela wmindani adamianu-
ri bunebis mqonea, madliT RmerTobas (da ara bunebiT!)
anu ganRmrTobas ki mxolod Tavisi cxovrebis wesisa
da saTnoebebSi srulyofis kvalobaze aRwevs (ioane
damaskeli 2000: 184). amdenad, rogorc zemoTac vTqviT,
wmindanobisaken svla winaaRmdegobaTa gadalaxvas gu-
lisxmobs. aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT, gavixsenoT ori
epizodi saxarebidan. jvarcmis wina dRes, wuTierad,
magram mainc, ieso qristeSi Tavs iCens kacobrivi bu-
neba da geTsimaniis baRSi mowafeebTan erTad myofi
warmoTqvams aseT sityvebs: `Sewuxebul ars suli Cemi
vidre sikvdiladmde...~, Semdeg davardeba `pirsa zeda
TÂssa, ilocvida da ityoda: mamao Cemo, ukueTu SesaZ-
lebel ars, Tanawarmxedin Cemgan sasumeli ese~ (maTe
26.37-39). `cxadad gamomJRavnebul tkivilsa da adami-
anur sisustes maSinve upirispirdeba macxovris codvis
tyveobaSi myofi kacobriobis gamosaxsnelad ganzraxu-
li neba. amitomac ambobs igi: `...ara viTar me mnebavs,
aramed viTarca Sen~ (maTe 26.39). aseve didi tkivilia
gamoxatuli ukve jvarcmuli ieso qristes sityvebSi:
`RmerTo, RmerTo, raÁsaTÂs damiteveb me?~ (maTe 27.46).
amgvari msoflSegrZnebis safuZvelze qristianuli
literaturis ZeglebSi `sanqcirebulia~ Sinagani brZo-
lis, tkivilis, sisustis gamoxatva, aRniSnavs g. faru-
lava (farulava 2006: 658), r. siraZe ki miiCnevs, rom
iakob xucesi gviCvenebs ara mxolod wmida dedoflis
freskul saxes, aramed warmogvisaxavs mas mravalwax-
nagovnad (siraZe 1980: 52)∗. am Sexedulebebs viziarebT
∗
TxulebaSi, zemoaRiSnuls garda, kvlav vxvdebiT mowame dedoflis,
ase vTqvaT, daCivlebis faqtebs. gavixsenoT Tundac is monakveTi, roca ci-
xeSi mis sanaxavad mosul jojiks wmida SuSaniki eubneba: ùfalo Rmer-
To, arca mRvdelTagani vin ipova mowyalÀ, arca eris kaci vin gamoCnda
257
Cvenc. Tumca, ar gamovricxavT, rom ganxilul konteq-
stidan gamomdinare, `nayofis mosTulnaSi~ SeiZleba
marTlac moviazroT mowame dedoflisagan Svilebis
gandgoma (am mxriv nawilobriv veTanxmebiT q. elaSvi-
lis Tvalsazriss). miT umetes, Tu gavixsenebT, rogor
mZafrad gamoxatavs emocias wmida SuSaniki, roca Svi-
lebis gamazdeanebis ambavs Seityobs. `maSin iwyo Tay-
vanis-cemad RmrTisa mimarT tiriliTa didiTa da Tavsa
TÂssa que damarT scemda. sulT-iTquna da Tqua: `gmad-
lob Sen, ufalo RmerTo Cemo, rameTu iyvnes-ve ara Cem-
ni, aramed Senni mocemulni iyvnes, viTarca gnebavs,
iyavn nebaÁ Seni, ufalo, da me damicev saqmeTagan mte-
risaTa~. amis Semdeg mis sanaxavad misuli iakob xucesi
ixilavs SuSaniks tirilisagan `damSrSalsa da dabuSe-
buls~ (Zeglebi 1963: 23).
gvsurs yuradReba SevaCeroT aseve `mxecis~, `mglis~,
`kravis~ simbolikaze. amaTgan pirveli ori iakob xuce-
sis TxzulebaSi, varsqen pitiaxSs miemarTeba. igi,
`mglad~ iwodeba maSin, roca cnobil purobis scenamde
sasaxleSi midis (`da Semdgomad orisa dRisa movida
mgeli igi taZrad~ (Zeglebi 1963: 23). `mxecad~ varsqeni
saxeldebulia Txzulebis im monakveTSi, sadac gadmo-
cemulia, purobis Semdeg, Tu rogor scems igi SuSa-
niks. amave epizodSi wminda dedofali iwodeba `kra-
vad~ (`viTarca mÃeci mZÂnvarÀ yioda...~; `maSin Svelad
aRdga jojik. ZmaÁ misi... gvema igica... da WiriT, viTar-
ca kravi mgelsa gamouRo xelTa misTa~ (Zeglebi 1963:
17). iakob xucesi `qristes tarigad~ ixseniebs martvils,
roca qedze jaWvdadebuls, cixis `mcire da bnel sax-
lakSi~ myofs moinaxulebs (Zeglebi 1963: 23).
mgeli ukavSirdeba sisastikes, mrisxanebas, gaumaZR-
robas, cbierebas, siZunwes (enciklopedia `simboloebi,
niSnebi, emblemebi~: http://slovari.yandex.ru; tresideri:
http://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_Buks/Culture/Jektresidder/82.php;
simboloTa leqsikoni: http://dicacademic.ru/dic.nsf/simvol/132;
abzianiZe, elaSvili 2006: 137). bibliaSi mgeli aRniS-
Soris ersa amas, aramed yovelTa me sikvdild mimiTuales mtersa

RmrTisasa varsqens~ (Zeglebi 1963: 16).
258
navs: ukeTurs (maT. 10.16; luk. 10.3), sastik da saSiS
mters (ier. 5.6; amb. 1.8; maT. 7.15) (bibliis leqsikoni (ma-
salebi 2000: 304; bibliis enciklopedia 1990: 132), simbo-
loa satanisa da eresis (tresideri: http://www.gumer.info/
bibliotek_Buks/Culture/Jektresidder/82.php; abzianiZe... 2006: 137).
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, mglis simbolos Ziri-
Tadad negatiuri mniSvneloba hqonda, magram amave
dros igi mxedrul simamacesa da Tavdadebas, gmirobas
ganasaxierebda (tresideri: http://www.gumer.info/bibliotek_
Buks/Culture/Jektresidder/82.php; enciklopedia `simboloebi,
niSnebi, emblemebi~: http://slovari.yandex.ru; abzianiZe... 2006:
137; simboloTa da niSanTa enciklopedia: http://sigils.ru/
symbols/volk.html).
mglis e.w. opoziciur simbolos warmoadgens kravi.
igi gamoxatavs: morCilebas, siwmindes, ubiwoebas. bib-
liuri gadmocemiT, kravi simboloa codvaTa gamosyid-
visa (ioan. 1.29; gamocx. 5.6). axali aRTqmis Tanaxmad ki_
ieso qristesi (petr. 1.19), RvTis xalxisa (es. 5.17; 11.6).
bibliuri tradiciiT, kravebad iwodebian aseve codvi-
li da mciredmorwmune adamianebi (es. 40.11; ioan. 21.15),
isini ganasaxiereben samwysos, romelic mindobilia
mwyemss (bibliis leqsikoni (masalebi) 2000: 266; abzi-
aniZe, elaSvili 2006: 114; niSanTa da simboloTa encik-
lopedia: http://sigils.ru/symbols/volk.html). bibliis mixedviT-
ve, wmindanni msgavsni arian kravTa (es. 40.11; ioan. 21.15).
rac Seexeba mxecs, igi veluri bunebis simboloa da
adamianSi biologiur substancias gamoxatavs (encik-
lopedia `simboloebi, niSnebi, emblemebi~: http://slovari.
yandex.ru).
Sua saukuneebis literaturaSi cxovelTa simboli-
kaze saubrisas, gasaTvaliswinebelia kidev erTi momenti.
Zvel aRmosavleTSi, antikur xanasa da Sua saukune-
ebSi gavrcelebuli moZRvrebis, fiziognomikis (Zv. ber-
Znuli φύσυς – buneba, – γνόμικος SorsmWvreteli, gam-
Wriaxi) Tanaxmad, adamianisa da cxovelis garegnobasa
da xasiaTs Soris arsebobs kavSiri (http://dic.academic. ru/
dic/bse/144624). Zvelad adamianSi xedavdnen igavur cxo-
vels. fiziognomikas antikurma tradiciam mianiWa mec-
259
nierebis statusi. fiziognimikiT dainteresebuli iy-
vnen: hipokrate, aristotele, zenoni. es mecniereba ar
aris magiuri disciplina. antikurobisa da Sua sauku-
neebisaTvis fiziognomika iseTive srulyofili mecni-
erebaa, rogorc, magaliTad, ganmanaTleblobisaTvis
aris niutoniseuli fizika (s. averincevi) (http://pedib.ru/
Books/3/0249/3_0249-29shtml).
gvianantikuri da adrebizantiuri fiziognomikis Ta-
naxmad, adamianis garegnoba da cxovelis garegnoba,
rogorc `znisa~ da `bunebis~ gasagneba, gaTanagvarebu-
lia. amas emateba qristianuli TvalTaxedva, romlis
mixedviTac, adamiani Tavis arCevanSi Tavisufalia. swo-
red nebis Tavisufleba ganasxvavebs adamians `sityvi-
eri~ arsebis saxiT ùtyvi~ cxovelisagan. cxovels ar
ZaluZs Secvalos sakuTari bunebrivi `zne~, Tavisi `go-
neba~, adamians ki es xelewifeba. `gonebis Secvla~ – es
aris Zv. berZnuli sityvis – μετάνοια-s ("monanieba") si-
tyvasityviTi mniSvneloba. ar arsebobs codvili, ro-
melsac ar SeeZlos monanieba; iseve rogorc, ar aris
rCeuli, romelic ar SeiZleba daeces. Tavisufali ne-
bis qmedeba, riTac adamiani cxovelebisagan gansxvav-
deba, SeiZleba nadirTa saxiT warmodgeniliyo. magali-
Tad, pavle mgelia, romelic cxvari gaxda, iuda ki
cxvari iyo da mgeli Seiqna.
amrigad, adamiani imiT gansxvavdeba cxovelisagan,
rom, irCevs romeli cxoveli gaxdes: kravi Tu mgeli,
mtredi Tu gveli... adamians swored Tavisufali neba
aniWebs `gonebiT RvTis wvdomis~ madls (averincevi
1977: 165-167; alibegaSvili 1999: 83).
zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, vfiqrobT, iakob xu-
cesi varsqenis `mglad~, `mxecad~, xolo SuSanikis
`kravad~, `tarigad~ saxeldebiT xazs usvams, Tu ro-
gor vlindeba pitiaxSisa da mowame dedoflis `zne~ da
`buneba~ maTi cxovrebiseuli arCevanis safuZvelze.
dasasrul davZenT, `SuSanikis wamebaSi~ saganTa da
movlenaTa konkretuli da simboluri arsi erTmaneTs
aris gadaxlarTuli, rogorc amas m. gigineiSvili aR-
niSnavs. amdenad, simboloTa `gaSifvra~ saSualebas
260
gvaZlevs, nawarmoebi ukeT wavikiTxoT da gaviazroT.
amasTanave, dasaxelebul simboloTa Sina-arsis amoki-
Txva warmodgenas gviqmnis avtoris msoflmxedveloba-
sa da im saazrovno sivrceze, romlis farglebSic Se-
iqmna `SuSanikis wameba~.
damowmebani:
abzianiZe, elaSvili 2006: abzianiZe z., elaSvili q. simboloTa

ilustrirebuli enciklopedia. t. I. Tb.: `bakmi~, 2006.
abzianiZe, elaSvili 2007: abzianiZe z., elaSvili q. simboloTa
ilustrirebuli enciklopedia. t. II. Tb.: `bakmi~, 2007.
abulaZe 1973: abulaZe i. Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikoni. Tb.:
`mecniereba~, 1973.
averincevi 2001: Аверинцев С. С. София-Логос (Словарь). Киев: 2001.
averincevi 1977: Аверинцев С. С. Поэтика ранневизантийской литературы.
1977.
alibegaSvili 1999: alibegaSvili g. epifane kviprelis „Tval-
TaÁ“ da qristianuli egzegetikis tradiciebi. Tb.: Tbilisis
universitetis gamomcemloba, 1999.
afanasievi: Афансьев А. Язык Икон. http://www.xsp.ru
bibliuri enciklopedia 1991: Библейская энциклопедия. труды и
издание. Архимандрита Никифора. М.: 1891.
bibliis leqsikoni (masalebi) 2000: bibliis leqsikoni (masale-
bi). t. I. II. Prinided, 2000.
bibliuri RvTismetyvelebis leqsikoni 1974: Словарь Библейского
Богословия, под редакцией Ксаве Леон-Дюфура и Жана Люпласи, Августина
Жоржа, Пьера Брело, Жака Гийе, Марка-Франсуа Лакана. Перевод во второго
французского издания. Брюссель: 1974.
brokhauzi: Брогкауз Ф. А. Библейская энциклопедия. www.gumer.info/
bogoslov_Buks/dictionary/brokg/index.php.
gamsaxurdia 1991: gamsaxurdia z. `vefxistyaosnis~ saxismetyve-
leba. Tb.: 1991.
wameba~. Tb.: `saunje~. # 6, 1978.
grigolaSvili 2002: grigolaSvili l. wmindanis Tema qarTul
sasuliero poeziaSi. Zveli qarTuli literaturis problemebi.
Tb.: 2002.
elaSvili 2009: elaSvili q. sityviT Troba. Tb.: `bakmi~, 2009.
enciklopedia: `simboloebi, niSnebi, emblemebi~. http://slovari. yandex.ru
ivanovi 1987: ivanovi m. simbolo RvTismetyvelebisaTvis. Tar-
gmna n. xuciSvilma. saRvTismetyvelo krebuli. 3, Tb.: 1987.
261
ioane damaskeli 2000: wm. ioane damaskeli. marTlmadidebluri
sarwmunoebis zedmiwevniTi gadmocema. Zveli berZnulidan Tar-
gmna. Sesavali da SeniSvnebi daurTo e. WeliZem. Tb.: Tbilisis
sasuliero akademiis gamomcemloba, 2000.
niSanTa da simboloTa enciklopedia: niSanTa da simboloTa
enciklopedia. http://sigils.ru.
saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari 1992: saqarTvelos eklesiis
kalendari. Tb.: 1992.
siraZe 1980: siraZe r. iakob curtavelis saxismetyveleba.
`werilebi~, 1980.
siraZe 1982: siraZe r. saxismetyveleba. Tb.: 1982.
simboloTa leqsikoni; http://dicacademic.ru/dic.nsf/simvol/132.
todorovi 1999: Тодоров Ц. Теории символа. Перевод с французского
Бориса Нарумова. Дик. М.: 1999.
tresideri 1999: Тресиддер Д., Словарь символов, М.: 1999. http://www.
gumer. info.bibliotek_Buks/Culture/JekTreidder
universaluri enciklopedia: www.mega.km.ru/bes_2004/encyclop.asp?
TopicNumber=6335
farulava 2003: farulava g. qarTuli hagiografia. msoflga-
geba, literaturuli buneba, ZiriTadi tendenciebi. naTeli
qristesi. saqarTvelo. wigni I. Tb.: 2003.
Zveli qarTuli... 1963: Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli Zeglebi.
wigni I (V-X ss.). dasabeWdad moamzades il. abulaZem, n. aTane-
liSvilma, n. goguaZem, l. qajaiam, c. qurcikiZem, c. Wankievma da
c. jRamaiam ilia abulaZis xelmZRvanelobiTa da redaqciiT. Tb.:
saqarTvelis ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba. 1963.
WeliZe 2001: WeliZe e. marTlmadidebluri xatmetyveleba (saR-
vTismetyvelo safuZvlebi). Tb.: 2001.
hofmani: Гофманн В. Язык символистов//ЛН. М.: 1937. т. 27-28.
http://slovar.lib.ru/dictionary/simvol.htm
http://planetadisser.com/see/dis_117363.html
http://5556bbmy,bbmy.ru/vinotopic.php?=350
262
Anna Letodiani
For the Analysis of Symbols in

“The Martyrdom of Saint Shushanick”
Summary
The symbol is the ancient and quite complicated phenomenon and it

is the multi-functional category. It exists in all cultures and it is used in
analysis of various subjects and processes.
To capture the sense of the symbol, “read” and understand it, the
cultural context shall be taken into consideration. In this respect, the
medieval period is the most distinguished and interesting epoch, the
epoch, where the symbol was one of the general cultural principle and
was spread across all spheres, starting from the religion and up to the
public sphere. This is quite logical, as the medieval period is the age of
fostering of the Christian concept. These were the Christian religious
figures, which serious commenced the structural analysis first. They first
distinguished two types of signs: the actual sign or the image and the
conditional sign or the symbol (Ebr. 10. 1). According to the doctrine of
Dionysus the Areopagite, the supreme truth is expressed via symbol, as
all we can see is the symbol of invisible, sacral, undefined substance of
god (in addition, the levels of hierarchy restore the supreme, heaven
hierarchy). Thus, it could be said that the symbol is some kind of the
language of thinking of the Christian consciousness.
It is natural that the symbolic thinking shows up in the central
literature genres of the early medieval period: hagiography and
hymnography. In this respect, the early hagiographical monuments are
especially distinguished. This trend is apparent in “Martyrdom of
Shushanik” as well, in one of the most ancient Georgian hagiographical
piece. We deal with the several symbols in our work. In particular, we
discuss the symbolic meaning of the name in general (and hence about
name “Shushanik”), as well as: “wolf”, “beast”, “lamb”, “fruit”,
“flower”, “candle”, as well as their load. Symbol-hint is the replacement
of the secret idea and guide to it. It attracts our attention to the depths of
the events and subjects and points to the internal, substantial side. Thus,
we offer that “decoding” of the mentioned symbols would allow us
better understanding of the piece.
263
ilustraciebi
loreta Sengeliasi
XI
XII
Targmanebi
darejan menabde
iakob curtavelis `SuSanikis wameba~ ramdenime

ucxour enazea Targmnili. dedofal SuSanikis mowa-
mebriv aRsasruls, TxzulebaSi wamoWril istoriul-
literaturul sakiTxebs, mis mxatvrul Rirsebas ara-
erTi ucxoeli mecnieri Seexo. cnobebi iakob curtave-
lis, SuSanikis martvilobisa da `SuSanikis wamebis~
Sesaxeb Sesulia sazRvargareT gamocemul enciklope-
diebsa Tu leqsikonebSi (menabde 1978). naSromSi mimovi-
xilavT `SuSanikis wamebis~ ucxoenovan Targmanebs, Txzu-
lebis Sesaxeb ucxo enebze gamoqveynebul masalebsa da
saqarTveloSi maT Sesaxeb dastambul gamoxmaurebebs.
iakob curtavelis `SuSanikis wameba~ iTargmna la-
Tinur, inglisur, frangul, germanul, espanur, rusul,
ungrul enebze. inglisur da rusul enebze Txzulebis
ramdenime Targmani arsebobs. es Targmanebi gabneulia
sxvadasxva adgilobriv Tu sazRvargareTul gamocema-
Si. calke unda gamovyoT krebuli `SuSanikis wameba~,
romelic 1983 wels daibeWda TbilisSi (gamomcemloba
`xelovneba~). wignis Semdgenel-redaqtoria oTar egaZe
(egaZe 1983). masve ekuTvnis winaTqma, romelic Targmni-
lia ucxour enebzec. gamocemaSi Tavmoyrilia `SuSani-
kis wamebis~ Targmanebi rusul, laTinur, inglisur,
frangul, espanur da germanul enebze. zogierTi Tar-
gmani specialurad am gamocemisTvisaa Sesrulebuli (in-
glisuri, espanuri, germanuli). wigni dabeWdilia ma-
Ralpoligrafiul doneze, gaformebulia m. malazoni-
as, z. niJaraZis, T. mirzaSvilisa da sxvaTa ilustraciebiT.
pirveli ucxoeli mecnieri, romelic dainteresda
`SuSanikis wamebis~ SinaarsiTa da problematikiT, iyo
mari brose (1802-1880). rogorc cnobilia, man gamoaqvey-
na juanSeris `cxovreba vaxtang gorgaslisa~, romel-
264
Sic moxseniebulia varsqenis mier SuSanikis wameba
bakuris mefobis dros, VI saukunis II naxevarSi da
bakur mefis mier varsqenis sikvdiliT dasja (brose
1849). m. brose iyo pirveli mecnieri, romelmac kriti-
kulad Seafasa juanSeris es cnoba da mas SemdgomSi
sxva avtorebic (vaxuSti bagrationi, anton I da sxv.)
imeorebdnen. dReisaTvis ki garkveulia, rom, `marTa-
lia, SuSanikis wameba V saukunis faqtad miiCnia jer
kidev p. ioselianma, romelmac aseTi daskvna somxuri
masalebis safuZvelze gamoitana, magram mas es sakiTxi
sagangebod ar ganuxilavs. m. brosem ki, _ viTarca
juanSeris Txzulebis qarTuli teqstisa da misi fran-
guli Targmanis gamomcemelma, _ detalurad gaaana-
liza qarTveli mematianis Cveneba, Seupirispira igi
somxuri saistorio wyaroebis cnobebs da ZiriTadad
sworad gadaWra sakiTxi _ SuSanikis wameba vaxtang
gorgaslis mefobiT (e. i. V saukunis meore naxevriT) da-
aTariRa (am SemTxvevaSi mniSvneloba ara aqvs imas, rom
SuSanikis gardacvalebis wlis dadgenisas m. brose
cdeboda).
m. brosem varsqeni da SuSaniki vaxtang gorgaslis
epoqis moRvaweebad miiCnia, varsqeni qvemo qarTlis
(somxiTis, gugarqis) mflobelad cno da misi reziden-
ciis _ curtavis adgilmdebareobis dadgenac moiwadi-
na, yuradReba miaqcia uxtanesis Cvenebas SuSanikis uf-
reTis (ofreTis) cixeSi wamebis Sesaxeb, gamoiyena la-
zare farpecis cnoba vaxtang gorgaslis mier varsqe-
nis sikvdiliT dasjaze da a. S. yovelive aman m. bro-
ses saSualeba misca kategoriulad uareyo juanSeris
Tvalsazrisi SuSanikis VI saukunis meore naxevarSi
wamebis Sesaxeb~ (menabde 1978: 120-121).
iakob curtavelis `SuSanikis wameba~ moxseniebulia
frangi mecnieris Jozef karstis vrcel narkvevSi `Lit-
térature géorgienne chrétienne~ (`qarTuli qristianuli lite-
ratura~), romelic k. kekeliZis ortomiani naSromis
safuZvelzea Sedgenili. Zveli qarTuli sasuliero-sa-
eklesio mwerlobis mimoxilvaSi aris nakveTi `Vie de
sainte Chouchanik~ (`cxovreba wminda SuSanikisa~) (karsti
265
1934: 74-76), romelSic, k. kekeliZis naSromis garda, aS-
karad Cans m. broses zemodasaxelebuli gamokvlevis
gavlena. swored amiT unda aixsnas is istoriul-qro-
nologiuri Tu sxva xasiaTis Secdomebi da armenofi-
luri tendenciebi, romlebic am narkvevSi gvxvdeba.
1964-1972 wlebSi parizSi gamomaval qarTvelologi-
ur JurnalSi `reviu de kartveloloJi~ (`bedi qarTli-
sa~) periodulad qveyndeboda Jurnalis damaarseblisa
da redaqtoris, kalistrate salias (1901-1986), vrceli
narkvevi `La Littérature géorgienne~ (`qarTuli literatu-
ra~), romelSic adgili eTmoba `SuSanikis wamebas~
(salia 1964: 34-35; salia 1972: 207). saqarTvelos eklesi-
is wmindanebis _ evstaTi mcxeTelis, abo Tbilelis,
konstanti kaxis, grigol xanZTelis gverdiT avtori sa-
gangebod moixseniebs dedofal SuSanikis Rvawls, xo-
lo `SuSanikis wamebas~ ganixilavs rogorc Cvenamde
moRweul uZveles qarTul literaturul nawarmoebs.
nakveTSi `Le Martyre de Chuchanik~ (`SuSanikis wameba~) (k. ke-
keliZis, a. baramiZisa da sxv. qarTvel mecnierTa naS-
romebze dayrdnobiT) mocemulia cnobebi iakob curta-
velis, misi Txzulebis daTariRebis, V saukunis saqar-
Tvelos socialuri da politikuri mdgomareobis Sesa-
xeb (salia 1972: 207).
iakob curtavelis `SuSanikis wamebis~ yvelaze ad-
rindeli Targmani ekuTvnis paul peeterss (1870-1950) _
cnobil aRmosavleTmcodnes, belgiis samefo akademiis
wevrs, romelmac safuZveli Cauyara belgiaSi qarTve-
lologiur kvlevas. 1935 wels man gamoaqveyna `SuSani-
kis wamebis~ laTinuri Targmani da vrceli gamokvleva
frangul enaze `Sainte Sousanik, martyre en Arméno-Géorgie~
(`wminda SuSaniki _ qarTvelebisa da somxebis martvi-
li~) (peetersi 1935), romelSic ganixila nawarmoebis
istoriul-literaturuli sakiTxebi. am gamokvlevas jer
kidev didi xnis win gamoexmaurnen k. kekeliZe, i. abu-
laZe da sxv., romlebmac ganixiles da gaakritikes naS-
romis mcdari debulebebi (kekeliZe 1980: 119-121; abu-
laZe 1938: 020-063). Tumca, unda iTqvas, rom p. peetersis
tendenciuri uzustobebi SemdgomSic gamoiyena zogier-
266
Tma arakeTilmosurne mecnierma. bolo dros am sakiTx-
ze Tavisi pozicia gamoTqva e. xinTibiZem narkvevSi èv-
ropaSi qarTuli literaturis kvlevis mecnieruli Ri-
rebulebisaTvis~, romelic arsebiTad ucxoel qarTve-
lologTaTvisaa gamiznuli. mkvlevarma srulad da amom-
wuravad warmoadgina sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli prob-
lematika. e. xinTibiZe wers:
`SuSanikis wamebis~ qarTuli da somxuri redaqci-
ebis urTierTmimarTebaze mcdari azria gamoTqmuli
cnobili qarTvelologis paul peetersis mier da igi
Setanilia mis gamokvlevaSi `wminda SuSaniki, somxur-
qarTuli martvili~, romelic gamoqveynebulia `SuSani-
kis wamebis~ qarTuli teqstis laTinur TargmanTan er-
Tad. mkvlevris azriT, Cvenamde moRweuli teqsti
`SuSanikis wamebisa~ ar ekuTvnis wm. SuSanikis Tanamed-
rove iakobs. mas amgvarad esaxeba am Txzulebis som-
xuri da qarTuli redaqciebis warmoSoba: qarTvel-so-
mexTa saeklesio ganxeTqilebis (VII saukune) Semdeg
imis dasamtkiceblad, rom SuSaniki qarTveli wminda-
nia, qarTvelebma daweres `SuSanikis wamebis~ agiogra-
fiuli Txzuleba, romelic male daikarga. amitom ver
upovia mas asaxva Zvel qarTul liturgikul ZeglebSi.
amis sapasuxod somxebmac daweres `SuSanikis wameba~
(qarTuli Txzulebis gamoyenebiT) SuSanikis somxobis
dasamtkiceblad. somxuri redaqcia gavrcelda. igi ek-
lesiaSi gamosayeneblad Semoklda kidev da gaCnda
somxuri mokle redaqcia, romelic 940 wlis maxlob-
lad qarTulad iTargmna. amis Semdeg qarTvelebma som-
xuridan Targmnili mokle redaqciis gasabaTileblad
daweres dRes Cvenamde moRweuli iakobis saxeliT cno-
bili `SuSanikis martviloba~. es msjeloba gaugebro-
bazea agebuli. `SuSanikis wamebas~ icnobs Zveli qar-
Tuli liturgikuli Zeglebi, saistorio da literatu-
ruli Txzulebani. qarTul mecnierebaSi Seswavlilia
`SuSanikis wamebis~ qarTul-somxuri redaqciebis erT-
maneTTan mimarTeba teqstologiuradac da epoqis is-
toriul da saeklesio urTierTobaTa arealSic. dad-
genilia, rom `SuSanikis wamebis~ Cvenamde moRweuli
qarTuli vrceli redaqcia dawerilia wm. SuSanikis mo-
267
ZRvris, iakob xucesis mier 475-484 wlebSi. amis safuZ-
velze qarTul-somxuri saeklesio ganxeTqilebis Sem-
deg somxurad dauweriaT somxuri vrceli redaqcia
`SuSanikis wamebisa~, romlisganac Semdeg Seqmnilia
mokle svinaqsaruli redaqcia. es ukanaskneli uTargmni-
aT qarTulad. qarTuli vrceli redaqciis pirvelado-
bas somxur vrcelTan mimarTebiT amtkicebs Semdegi
garemoebani: a) qarTul redaqciaSi somxurisagan gan-
sxvavebiT Semonaxulia qronologiuri, geografiuli
da sayofacxovrebo detalebi, romelTa gviandeli Car-
Tva somxuridan Targmnil teqstSi araa mosalodneli;
xolo maTi gamotoveba qarTulidan somxurad Targmni-
sas advili dasaSvebia. b) somxur redaqciaSi qarTul-
Tan SedarebiT metia vrceli polemika qarTul eklesi-
asTan da SuSanikis somxuri warmoSobis mtkiceba, rac
asaxavs somxur-qarTuli ganxeTqilebis Semdgomi peri-
odis viTarebas. qarTul redaqciaSi ki ar Cans somxur
eklesiasTan polemikis araviTari kvali. piriqiT, gar-
kveviTaa miTiTebuli SuSanikis somxuri warmoSoba. es
pozicia asaxavs somxur-qarTuli saeklesio erTiano-
bis viTarebas. g) qarTuli redaqcia Tavisi stiliTa
da kompoziciiT Seesabameba bizantiuri agiografiis gan-
viTarebis adrindel etaps (IV-VI saukuneebi), maSin ro-
ca somxuri redaqcia sayofacxovrebo detalebis amo-
RebiT da vrceli locvebis CarTviT Semdgomi etapis
agiografiuli stilis niSnebs avlens~ (xinTibiZe 2003:
221-222).
p. peetersiseuli laTinuri Targmani xelmeored 1983
wels daibeWda TbilisSi, krebulSi `SuSanikis wameba~
saTauriT: `Passio Šušanicae~ (`SuSanikis wameba~) (peetersi
1983: 155-182). Targmani moicavs oc Tavs, gamoqveynebulia
samecniero aparatis gareSe, gaformebulia l. cucqiri-
Zis ilustraciebiT.
`SuSanikis wameba~ frangul enaze Targmna sergi wu-
laZem (1916-1977). Targmani pirvelad daibeWda 1978 wels
Jurnal `reviu de kartveloloJis~ (`bedi qarTlisa~)
ocdameTeqvsmete tomSi saTauriT: `Traduction du martyre de
sainte Chouchanik, du Ve siècle, premier monument de la littérature
268
géorgienne~ (wulaZe 1978: 56-68). Targmans wamZRvarebuli
aqvs n. salias winaTqma, romelSic avtori mkiTxvels
warudgens s. wulaZis cxovrebasa da moRvaweobas, mis
Targmanebs. iqve dabeWdilia g. tabiZis `lurja cxe-
nebis~ wulaZiseuli Targmanic. `SuSanikis wamebis~ s.
wulaZiseul Targmans saqarTveloSi saTanado gamoxma-
urebac mohyva. s. Turnavas dakvirvebiT: `sergi wulaZis
franguli Targmani Sesrulebulia prof. ilia abula-
Zis 1938 wlis gamocemis safuZvelze. qarTuli teqstis
TargmanTan Sejerebam dagvarwmuna, rom mTargmneli am-
JRavnebs Zveli qarTuli enis karg codnas, SenarCune-
buli aqvs avtoriseuli ganwyobileba, iTvaliswinebs
orginalis enasa da stils... kargi saqme gakeTda s. wu-
laZis Targmanis gamoqveynebiT _ frangulenovani samya-
ro axlos gaecno qarTuli mwerlobis am ubrwyinva-
les Zegls~ (Turnava 1979).
aRniSnuli Targmani xelaxla gamoica 1983 wels
TbilisSi, is Sevida `SuSanikis wamebis~ saiubileo gamo-
cemaSi. s. wulaZis Targmans axlavs winaTqma (wulaZe
1983: 227-232) da gaformebulia T. mirzaSvilis ilus-
traciebiT, Targmanis saTauria: `Le Martyre de la Sainte
Reine Chouchanik~ (wulaZe 1983: 233-265), Sedgeba oci Tavi-
sagan, axlavs mcire komentarebi.
rogorc aRvniSneT, 1983 wels gamocemuli 345-gver-
diani wigni `SuSanikis wameba~ imiTac aris mniSvnelo-
vani, rom specialurad am gamocemisTvis Txzuleba
iTargmna zogierT ucxour enaze, magaliTad, espanu-
rad. saerTod, unda iTqvas, rom espanur enaze qarTuli
literatura naklebadaa Targmnili, miT umetes _ Zve-
li teqstebi. amdenad, `SuSanikis wamebis~ espanuri
Targmani, romelic am krebulSia gamoqveynebuli, inte-
ress imsaxurebs. Targmani ekuTvnis adela martines-
martiness, erTvis winasityvaoba espanur enaze (marti-
nesi 1983: 269-274). `Martirio de la Santa Shushanik~ (`wminda
SuSanikis wameba~) (martinesi 1983: 275-305), Sedgeba oci
Tavisagan, axlavs komentarebi da ganmartebebi (marti-
nesi 1983: 306), gaformebulia z. labaZis ilustraciebiT.
269
inglisur enaze arsebobs `SuSanikis wamebis~ sami
Targmani. yvelaze adrindelia cnobili qarTvelo-
logis, devid marSal langis (1924-1991), Targmani. 1956
wels d. langma londonSi gamosca qarTuli hagiogra-
fiuli Zeglebis krebuli `Lives and Legends of the Georgian
Saints~ (`qarTvel wmindanTa cxovrebani da legendebi~)
(langi 1956), romelSic wm. ninos, petre iberis, grigol
xanZTelis, ioane da eqvTime aTonelebisa da sxva
wmindanebis cxovreba-martvilobania Setanili. teqstebs
win uZRvis d. langis narkvevebi, romlebSic mimoxilu-
lia calkeul TxzulebaTa istoriul-literaturuli
sakiTxebi, qronologia, ZiriTadi problematika da sxv.
`SuSanikis wamebaze~ saubrisas winaTqmaSi aRniSnulia,
rom am TxzulebaSi mkafiod vlindeba avtoris saxel-
mwifoebrivi da sarwmunoebrivi tendencia. d. langis
mixedviT, `somxeT-saqarTvelos momijnave regionis gam-
gebelma varsqen pitiaxSma politikuri mosazrebiT mi-
iRo mazdeanoba da amiT daimsaxura iranis yuradReba
da keTilganwyoba. mis moRalateobriv saqmianobas win
aRudga SuSaniki, romelmac gadaWriT uaryo mazdeano-
ba, religia, romelsac Cvens xalxs Tavs axvevda moZa-
lade irani. SuSanikis Seuryevelma gadawyvetilebam da
adgilobrivi (qristianuli) sarwmunoebis mtkiced dac-
vam mZime mdgomareobaSi Caayena varsqeni, radgan man
ver Seusrula piroba iranis Sahs. aman gamoiwvia var-
sqenis ganrisxeba da SuSanikis umowyalod wameba. d. lan-
gis dakvirvebiT, `SuSanikis wameba~ sainteresoa so-
cialuri istoriis TvalsazrisiTac, radgan gvawvdis
cnobebs adrindeli qristianuli sazogadoebis fenaTa
urTierTobis Sesaxeb~ (menabde 1978: 125).
`SuSanikis wamebis~ langiseuli Targmani `The Pasion
of St. Shushanik~ (`wminda SuSanikis wameba~) (langi 1956:
44-56) ufro gardaTqma-perifrazia, romlis mizania, ga-
acnos inglisurenovan mkiTxvels es Txzuleba. aRniS-
nuli Targmani sagangebod Seiswavla da saintereso
dakvirvebebi SemogvTavaza s. gogiberiZem. misi daskvniT,
es aris adaptirebuli Targmani, romelSic `gamotove-
buli da Semoklebulia umTavresad monologebi da di-
270
alogebi. kerZod, gamotovebulia SuSanikis locva,
iakobisa da SuSanikis saubari, SuSanikisa da varsqenis
zogi dialogi, varsqenisa da iakobis saubari cixis
mcvelTan. Semoklebulia jojikis saubari SuSanikTan,
jojikisa da misi saxleulis dalocva. gamotovebulia
SuSanikis mier keTriT Sepyrobili dedakacis gankurne-
ba. zogierTi pasaJis gamotoveba TargmanSi iwvevs mniS-
vnelovani detalebis dakargvas. samwuxarod, d. langis
TargmanSi aris aseTi SemTxvevebic. gamotovebulia zo-
gi detali, romlebic miuTiTeben SuSanikis saocar
RvTismoSiSobasa da simtkices. bunebrivia, amgvari de-
talebis TargmanSi gadatanis gareSe Znelia mkiTxvel-
ma sworad aRiqvas gmiris saxe~ (gogiberiZe 2003: 182-183).
d. langi wignSi `The Georgians~ (`qarTvelebi~) (langi
1966) qarTul literaturaze saubrisas mokled exeba
`SuSanikis wamebis~ problematikasac: saubaria iakob
curtavelze, Txzulebis Seqmnis TariRze (476-483), ix-
senieba vardan mamikoniani, rogorc somxeTis erovnuli
gmiri, moTxrobilia varsqenisa da SuSanikis urTier-
Tobis, varsqenis gamazdeanebis, mis mier sparsuli ori-
entaciis miRebis Sesaxeb. d. langis sityviT, es aris
tragikuli da dramatuli istoria Tavisi realuri
detalebiT, personaJTa xasiaTebiT... sainteresoa isic,
rom SuSanikisa da varsqenis gverdiT avtori sagange-
bod Cerdeba Txzulebis meorexarisxovan personaJebze
(sparsi kaci, diakvani...), gamoyofs jojiks, romelic
bevrs zrunavda SuSanikze, magram win ver aRudga mis
saboloo tragedias. es teqsti mniSvnelovania rogorc
socialur-politikur urTierTobaTa Sesaswavlad, ase-
ve V saukunis saqarTvelos religiuri konfliqtebis
gasaanalizeblad. iakob curtaveli realurad asaxavs
imdroindel yofa-cxovrebas. d. langi sagangebod amax-
vilebs yuradRebas im bunebriv-klimaturi pirobebis
aRweraze, romlebSic ewama dedofali SuSaniki da sa-
Tanado monakveTsac imowmebs Txzulebidan (langi 1966:
154-155).
`SuSanikis wamebis~ meore inglisuri Targmani da-
ibeWda 1983 wels TbilisSi, wignSi `SuSanikis wameba~,
271
saTauriT `The Martyrdom of the Blessed Queen Shushanik~
(`wamebaÁ wmidisa SuSanikisa dedoflisaÁ~) (`SuSanikis
wameba~ 1983: 191-223), mTargmneli _ elizabet fauleri.
teqsts uZRvis o. egaZis winasityvaoba inglisur enaze
(fauleri 1983: 185-190), romelSic mokled mimoxilulia
Txzulebis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi da istoriuli viTare-
ba. Targmans erTvis mxatvar z. niJaraZis ilustraci-
ebi. es aris `SuSanikis wamebis~ sruli Targmani, rome-
lic Sedgeba 19 Tavisagan da, rogorc irkveva, Sesru-
lebulia rusuli (k. kekeliZiseuli) Targmanis mixed-
viT. calkea gamoyofili komentarebi, ganmartebulia
terminebi: pitiaxSi, aznauri, atroSani, qarTli, hereTi,
honebi da a. S.
e. fauleris Targmani, rogorc aRvniSneT, rusuli,
k. kekeliZiseuli, Targmanis safuZvelzea Sesrulebuli
da, samwuxarod, inglisur variantSic gadavida zogi-
erTi leqsikuri Tu msoflmxedvelobrivi xarvezi, rom-
lebic rusul Targmans hqonda. inglisur teqsts da-
karguli aqvs siZvelis elferi, rac Txzulebis saTa-
nadod aRqmas xels ar uwyobs, Tumca, zogadad, Tana-
medrove inglisurenovani mkiTxvelisaTvis `SuSanikis
wamebis~ Sinaarsi advili gasagebia.
2006 wels TbilisSi gamoica `SuSanikis wamebis~ me-
same inglisuri Targmani, romelic ekuTvnis jumber
Colobargias. wigni mcire formatisaa, magram, miuxeda-
vad amisa, aRWurvilia samecniero aparatiT, gaformebu-
lia m. malazonias ilustraciebiT. es aris orenovani,
qarTul-inglisuri gamocema: ìakob curtaveli, wameba
wmidisa SuSanikisi dedoflisaÁ~. Jacob Tsurtaveli, `The
Martyrdom of the holly Queen Shushanik~ (`SuSanikis wameba~
2006).
am wignis umTavresi Rirseba is aris, rom inglisur
enaze teqsti Targmnilia dednidan. wignis redaqtorebi
arian cnobili mTargmneli, qarTvelologi qeTrin
vivian-aStoni da prof. e. xinTibiZe, recenzenti _ deka-
nozi zaqaria (ZinZibaZe). winaTqmaSi (Colobargia 2006:
6-15) q. vivian-aStoni zogadad mimoixilavs `SuSanikis
wamebas~, wm. SuSanikis Rvawls, iakob curtavelis mxat-
272
vrul ostatobas da a. S. dasasrul ki maRal Sefase-
bas aZlevs j. Colobargias Targmans:
`jumber Colobargiam am nawarmoebis TargmnisaTvis
mefe jeims pirvelis bibliis ena gamoiyena. es sruli-
ad gansxvavebulia Tanamedrove midgomisagan, romlis
mixedviTac klasikac ki Tanamedrove, zogjer ki sasa-
ubro inglisuriTac gadmoitaneba, am dros ki _ ro-
gorc es àxali inglisuri bibliis~ SemTxvevaSi moxda
_ sargebeli Zalze mcirea, danakargi ki _ mZime. SuSa-
nikis istoria da misi ganfena uciloblad am epoqise-
ulia. misi SuqCrdilebis asaxvisaTvis rogorc dro-
iTi, aseve aRweriTi perspeqtivaa saWiro. mTargmnelis
mier es arCevani stilisa, ganpirobebuli misi enobrivi
alRoTi da enis flobiT, adgils ar utovebs Tanamed-
rove asociaciebsa da kategoriebs, romlebic nawarmo-
ebis arss dabindavdnen. dRes msoflioSi SemaZrwune-
beli araadamianoba da mwuxareba sufevs. mwerlebi xSi-
rad am viTarebas vrclad asaxaven, magram nakleb yu-
radRebas uTmoben (rom ara vTqvaT, rom uyuradRebod
toveben) imaT, visac ZaluZs ixsnas Tavi. aseTi faqte-
bis mxolod da mxolod mtknarma aRweram SeiZleba
gamoiwvios maTdami adamianTa yuradRebis sruli modu-
neba _ interessa da TanagrZnobas iwvevs ara marto
tanjvis faqtebi, aramed imaTi mxneoba, romelTa xved-
ricaa is da romelTac ZaluZT masze gamarjveba. ai,
amas usvams xazs iakob curtaveli da am poziciidan ug-
zavnis Taobebs imedis aseT gzavnils: adamianis suls
ZaluZs saxeliTa RmrTisaTa, aitanos yoveli saSinele-
ba, rac ki SeiZleba mas Tavs daatydes!~ (Colobargia
2006: 13-15).
aRniSnul Targmans maRal Sefasebas aZlevs recen-
zentic. misi sityviT, `jumber Colobargias Targmani
xarisxobrivad gansxvavdeba arsebul TargmanTagan,
radgan igi cdilobs literaturuli forma _ dednis
ena SeunarCunos Targmans. amas igi aRwevs originalu-
ri meTodiT: Sualedur, SemaerTebel wignad igi iye-
nebs wmida werils _ saxarebas. es meTodi TavisTavad
moiTxovs saxarebis Rrma codnas. ufro metic, mTar-
gmneli ganmartebebSi, romelic TviTeul Tavs axlavs,
273
RvTismetyveluri meTodologiiT ganmartavs ama Tu im
azrsa da Sexedulebas, rac misi rwmenis, inteleqtisa
da mecnieruli muSaobis meTodologiis codnis maCve-
nebelia~ (Colobargia 2006: 17-18).
Tavad mTargmneli ki, exeba ra d. langisa da e. fa-
uleris Targmanebs, aRniSnavs: `pirvel TargmanSi teq-
sti garkveulwilad adaptirebulia, xolo meore Tum-
caRa srulia, cxadad Cans, rom igi rusuli Targmanis
teqstidanaa Sesrulebuli da amdenad moklebulia
dednis mimzidvelobasa da Sua saukuneobrivi Zeglis
`surnelebas~. vfiqrobdi, rom arcerTi am versiaTagani
ar akmayofilebs dednis adeqvaturobis pirobas, upir-
veles yovlisa, stilisturi TvalsazrisiT. swored
aman ganapiroba Cems mier axali Targmanis Sesruleba
im upirvelesi mizniT, rom SemenarCunebina Zeglis sti-
listuri Taviseburebani, cxadia, Sinaarsis sruli da
adeqvaturi gadmocemiT~ (Colobargia 2006: 19-20).
mTargmnelis miznebi da amocanebi mkafiodaa asaxu-
li vrcel narkvevSi, romelic win uZRvis Targmans _
`zogadi mosazrebani hagiografiuli Zeglis `SuSanikis
martvilobis~ inglisur enaze Targmnis sakiTxisaTvis~
(`SuSanikis wameba~ 2006: 21-29). narkvevSi, Targmanis Te-
oretikosTa Tvalsazrisis gaTvaliswinebiT, avtori
araerT saintereso dakvirvebas gvTavazobs. iakob cur-
tavelis epoqis stilistur TaviseburebaTa zustad
gadmosacemad j. Colobargia mimarTavs saxarebiseul
teqsts da iq eZebs saTanado Sesatyvisebs. misi azriT,
`SuSanikis wamebis~ siRrmiseuli Sinaarsi `mTlianad
ganfenilia `wminda werilis~, kerZod, `saxarebis~ sib-
rtyeze, es kidev im sibrtyes warmoadgens, romelic ase
saerToa rogorc qarTuli, aseve inglisurenovani mki-
TxvelisaTvis (bunebrivia, aq `saerToSi~ igulisxmeba
uzogadesi da ara, vTqvaT, konkretuli Teologiur-
konfesiuri Sinaarsi)~ (Colobargia 2006: 33) da iqve
kritikulad afasebs p. peetersis mosazrebas, TiTqos
`nawarmoebis stili, kompozicia, ena da citacia saRvTo
werilisa ar atarebs arqaikul saxes~ (Colobargia
2006: 34).
274
dasasrul, mTargmneli aRniSnavs: `SekiTxvas _ rome-
li periodis `wminda werilis~ teqsti unda damedo
safuZvlad TargmnisaTvis, pasuxi advilad moeZebneba:
es unda yofiliyo is teqsti, romelic iseTive Tvise-
bebiT xasiaTdeba recipientisaTvis _ inglisurenovani
mkiTxvelisaTvis, rogorc sakuTriv `SuSanikis martvi-
lobi~-s teqsti qarTveli mkiTxvelisaTvis. aseTad ki
miviCnie Àuthorized King James Version~ bibliis teqsti, es
versia, gansxvavebiT Tanamedrove versiebisagan, qmnis im
Sinaarsobriv, enobriv, stilistur erTianobas, riTac
xasiaTdeba `SuSanikis wameba~... vfiqrob, inglisureno-
van mkiTxvels es funqcionaluri invarianti `wamebas~,
rogorc qarTul hagiografiul Zegls, srulad warmo-
uCens~ (Colobargia 2006: 38).
narkvevs mosdevs `SuSanikis wamebis~ sruli teqstis
inglisuri Targmani (Colobargia 2006: 41-139). aq qarTu-
li da inglisuri teqstebi paraleluradaa warmodge-
nili, rac mkiTxvels uadvilebs masalis Sedareba-Se-
pirispirebas. wigns axlavs `mTargmnelis SeniSvnebi~
qarTul (Colobargia 2006: 140-245) da inglisur
(Colobargia 2006: 246-254) enebze.
germanulenovan samecniero literaturaSi iakob

curtavelis `SuSanikis wameba~ arcTu xSirad gvxvdeba.
mis Sesaxeb araferia naTqvami n. finkis, a. baumStarkisa
da qarTuli literaturis sxva mimoxilvebSi. am mxriv
gamoirCeva gerhard deetersis (1892-1961) `Georgische Lite-
ratur~ (`qarTuli literatura~), romelSic Zveli qarTu-
li literatura sakmaod vrcladaa mimoxiluli. g. de-
etersis sityviT, `miuxedavad imisa, rom `SuSanikis wa-
mebis~ dedani dakargulia da teqsti mxolod XI sauku-
nis xelnaweriTaa moRweuli, Txzulebas aSkarad etyo-
ba arqauli ieri da misi avtori, Tavisuflad SesaZle-
belia, yofiliyo 506 wlis saeklesio krebis monawile
iakob xucesi, romelmac Tavis nawarmoebSi kargad aR-
wera gamazdeanebuli varsqen pitiaxSis moqmedeba da
dedofal SuSanikis Tavganwirva qristianuli sarwmu-
noebisaTvis~ (deetersi 1963: 135).
275
iakob curtavelis `SuSanikis wameba~ moxseniebulia
germaneli mecnieris hainc fenrixis wignSi `Die Georgis-
che Literatur~ (`qarTuli literatura~) (fenrixi 1981: 35).
V-XI saukuneebis qarTul literaturaze saubars h. fen-
rixi iwyebs mkiTxvelisaTvis `SuSanikis wamebis~ gacno-
biT. nakveTSi `Das Martyrium der heiligen Schuschaniki~ (`wm.
SuSanikis martviloba~) avtori mokled gadmogvcems
Txzulebis Sinaarss da dedofal SuSanikis Tavdade-
bas qristianuli sarwmunoebisaTvis; sagangebod Cerde-
ba vaxtang gorgaslis mier 484 wels varsqenis sikvdi-
liT dasjis faqtze da aRniSnavs, rom `SuSanikis
wameba~ sainteresoa ara mxolod rogorc qristiano-
bisTvis Tavdadebis amsaxveli nawarmoebi, aramed ro-
gorc mniSvnelovani istoriuli wyaro, romlidanac
kargad Cans qarTveli xalxis brZola mazdeanobisagan
qristianobis dasacavad. Tavad dedofali SuSaniki ki
aris aramarto qristianobisaTvis Sewiruli adamiani,
aramed Tavisi qveynis didi patrioti. TxzulebaSi aR-
werilia qarTveli xalxis brZola sparselTa Zalmom-
reobis winaaRmdeg. nawarmoebi patriotuli suliskve-
Tebisaa, rac, zogadad, damaxasiaTebelia adrefeoda-
luri xanis qarTuli literaturis ZeglebisaTvis
(fenrixi 1981: 35).
`SuSanikis wamebis~ problematikas exeba statiebi,
romlebic gamoqveynda h. fenrixis redaqtorobiT gamo-
maval Jurnal `georgikaSi~ (`georgika~ 1981).
Sveicarieli qarTvelologis, ruT noikomis, vrcel
statiaSi `Die Literatur Georgiens~ (`qarTuli literatu-
ra~), romelic gamoqveynda `noe ciurxen caitungSi~
(noikomi 1981), mocemulia qarTuli literaturis isto-
ria V saukunidan meoce saukunis 80-ian wlebamde. aq
warmodgenilia qarTuli literaturis ganviTarebis su-
raTi `SuSanikis wamebidan~ a. kalandaZis poeziis CaT-
vliT. r. noikomi `SuSanikis wamebas~ uwodebs msoflio
mniSvnelobis pirvel qarTul literaturul Zegls.
`SuSanikis wamebis~ germanuli Targmani `Das Martyri-
um der heiligen königin Shuschanik~ (`wamebaÁ wmidisa SuSa-
nikisi dedoflisaÁ~) ekuTvnis n. amaSukels (amaSukeli
276
1983: 315-345). Targmans erTvis winaTqma germanul enaze
(amaSukeli 1983: 309-314), ganmartebebi da komentarebi
(amaSukeli 1983: 346), Sedgeba 20 Tavisagan, gaformebu-
lia l. Sengelias ilustraciebiT.
iakob curtavelis `SuSanikis wamebis~ rusul enaze

Targmna da gamocema jer kidev XIX saukunis Sua wlebi-
dan daiwyo. XX saukuneSi momzadda sami sruli Tar-
gmani (k. kekeliZe, v. dondua, vl. solouxini), romle-
bic araerTxel gamoica. ori maTgani (k. kekeliZe, v. don-
dua) uSualod originalidan aris Sesrulebuli, me-
same (vl. solouxini) _ pwkaredis mixedviT. erTi axali
Targmani ukve XXI saukuneSic daibeWda (i. zeTeiSvili).
rusulenovan samyaros SuSanikis wamebis istoria
pirvelad gaacno a. muraviovma wignSi `Грузия и Армения~
(`saqarTvelo da somxeTi~) (muraviovi 1848). avtorma Ta-
vis wignSi Seitana cnobebi SuSanikisa da abo Tbile-
lis wamebaTa Sesaxeb.
p. ioselianis wigni `Жизнеописание святыхъ, прославля-
емых православною грузинскою церковью~ (àRwera saqarTve-
los marTlmadidebeli eklesiis ganmadidebel wmindan-
Ta cxovrebisa~) mogvianebiT daibeWda (ioseliani 1850).
aqac `SuSanikis wameba~ mokledaa moTxrobili, Tumca
avtoris mierve uxvadaa komentirebuli. naSromi arsebi-
Tad perifrazs warmoadgens. imis Sesaxeb, Tu romel
wyaros eyrdnoboda `SuSanikis wamebis~ teqstze muSa-
obisas, p. ioseliani arafers ambobs, magram wignSi mo-
ipoveba cnobebi, romlebic pirdapir ukavSirdeba aR-
niSnul sakiTxs _ avtori SesavalSive miuTiTebs im
wyaroTa CamonaTvals, romlebic wignis Sedgenisas
gamouyenebia. unda iTqvas, rom p. ioselianis teqstSi
ar ixsenieba iakob curtaveli rogorc Txzulebis per-
sonaJi da mxolod bolo abzacSi vkiTxulobT: `Жизнь
ея описана каким то пресвитеромъ, который при ней находился и
быль свидетелем ея мукъ~.
1859 wels krebulSi `Жития святых Росийской церкви, так-
же иверских и славянских~ (`ruseTis eklesiis, agreTve,
iverTa da slavTa wmindanebis cxovrebani~) a. muraviov-
277
ma Seitana perifrazi `Житие святой Сусанны, или Шушани-
ки, царицы Грузинской~ (`cxovreba wminda susanasi, imave
SuSanikis _ saqarTvelos dedoflisa~) (muraviovi 1859:
328-340).
1871 wels gamoica m. sabininis `Полное Жизнеописание
святых грузинской церкви~ (`saqarTvelos eklesiis wminda-
nebis cxovrebaTa sruli aRweriloba~) (sabinini 1871). m.
sabininis Targmani (`Страдание святой славной мученицы
царицы ранской Шушаники, царевны Грузинской~) sxvebze uf-
ro metad uaxlovdeba iakob curtavelis Txrobas, ris
gamoc zogierTi mkvlevari mas `SuSanikis wamebis~ pir-
vel rusul Targmanad miiCnevda, Tumca sinamdvileSi
es srul Targmanad ver CaiTvleba, ramdenadac masSi
gamotovebulia I, IX, X, XI, XIV, XVI, XIX da XX Tave-
bis ZiriTadi nawilebi.
Txzulebis kidev erTi rusuli Targmani 1912 wels
gamoica soxumSi. esaa g. ioselianis mier qarTulad
Sesrulebuli perifrazis rusuli Targmani, romelic
ekuTvnis k. maWavarians (maWavariani 1912). mTargmneli
iakob curtavelis teqsts xSirad aklebs an umatebs
monakveTebs.
miuxedavad calkeuli xarvezebisa Tu uzustobebisa,
aRniSnulma Targmanebma Tavis droze mainc mniSvnelo-
vani roli Seasrula rusulenovan sazogadoebaSi `Su-
Sanikis wamebis~ gacnoba-popularizaciis saqmeSi.
rogorc aRvniSneT, XX saukunis meore naxevarSi
`SuSanikis wameba~ samjer iTargmna rusul enaze.
`SuSanikis wamebis~ k. kekeliZiseuli rusuli Tar-
gmani cxrajer gamoqvenda. pirvelad teqsti daibeWda
moskovSi, qarTuli prozis anTologiis pirvel tomSi
(kekeliZe 1955: 1-13). 1956 wels saqarTvelos ssr mecni-
erebaTa akademiis SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis qarTu-
li literaturis institutma calke wignad gamosca
`Памятники древнегрузиснкой агиографической литературы~
(`Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zegle-
bi~), romelSic gaerTianda k. kekeliZis Targmnili sami
hagiografiuli Txzuleba, maT Soris, `SuSanikis wame-
ba~ (kekeliZe 1956: 17-28). Targmans axlavs k. kekeliZis
278
vrceli narkvevi rusul enaze (kekeliZe 1956: 7-16), ro-
melSic mTargmneli TxzulebasTan dakavSirebul isto-
riul-literaturul sakiTxebsac ganixilavs. igi sagan-
gebod Cerdeba mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiT xerxebze da
aRniSnavs: `SesaZloa, TargmanSi ramdenadme daikargos
teqstis mxatvruli Rirseba, magram unda gvaxsovdes,
rom nebismieri nawarmoebis Targmani mxatvruli Tval-
sazrisiT mainc CamorCeba originals da verasdros iq-
neba misi adekvaturi~ (kekeliZe 1956: 16). marTalia,
mxatvrulobis TvalsazrisiT k. kekeliZiseuli Targma-
ni iakob curtavelis teqsts ver utoldeba, magram
Sinaarsobrivi adekvaturoba miRweulia. mogvianebiT es
Targmani Sevida k. kekeliZis ètiudebis~ me-12 tomSi
(kekeliZe 1973: 83-103). `SuSanikis wamebis~ 1500 wlis
iubilesTan dakavSirebiT es Targmani calke wignad
gamoqveynda r. siraZis winasityvaobiTa da SeniSvnebiT
(kekeliZe 1978). k. kekeliZis Targmani Sesulia krebu-
lis `Древнегрузинская литература~ (`Zveli qarTuli lite-
ratura~) orive gamocemaSi (kekeliZe 1982: 25-41; keke-
liZe 1987b: 25-41). k. kekeliZis Targmani daibeWda `SuSa-
nikis wamebis~ 1983 wlis saiubileo gamocemaSic (keke-
liZe 1983: 123-153) da am Targmanis mixedviT Sesrulda
axali Targmanebi espanur da inglisur enebze. k. keke-
liZis Targmani 1986 welsac daibeWda `SuSanikis wame-
bis~ orenovan (qarTul-rusul) miniaturul gamocemaSi
i. lolaSvilis redaqtorobiTa da Sesavali weriliT
(kekeliZe 1986: 122-174), xolo 1987 wels daibeWda mos-
kovSi gamocemul wignSi: `Антология педагогической мысли
Грузинской ССР~ (`saqarTvelos ssr pedagogiuri azris
anTologia~) (kekeliZe 1987a: 81-88).
varlam donduam `SuSanikis wameba~ rusul enaze
Targmna 1954 wels, Tumca Targmani maSinve ar gamoqvey-
nebula da didi xnis ganmavlobaSi inaxeboda mecnieris
arqivSi. misi dabeWdva mxolod 1978 wels moxerxda sa-
qarTvelos istoriis wyaroebis komisiis grifiT, seri-
iT: `Памятники Грузинской исторической литературы~ (`qar-
Tuli saistorio mwerlobis Zeglebi~) (dondua 1978).
Targmans darTuli aqvs z. aleqsiZis Sesavali werili
279
(dondua 1978: 7-26), samecniero aparati da reziume in-
glisur enaze.
k. kekeliZisa da v. donduas Targmanebi imiTacaa
mniSvnelovani, rom Targmnilia dednis enidan. Txzule-
bis mesame Targmans ki, romelic rus mweral vladimer
solouxins ekuTvnis, rogorc aRiniSna, safuZvlad da-
edo pwkaredi _ Sesrulebuli r. TvaraZis mier origi-
nalisa da k. kekeliZis Targmanis safuZvelze. vl. so-
louxinis Targmani orjer gamoqveynda: 1983 wels `kav-
kasionSi~ (solouxini 1983: 241-275) da 1986 wels _ cal-
ke wignad, qarTul da rusul enebze (solouxini 1986).
samive zemodasaxelebuli Targmani sagangebod Seis-
wavla n. macxonaSvilma, romelmac Seupirispira erTma-
neTs, erTi mxriv, originali da samive Targmani da,
meore mxriv _ TviTon Targmanebi. mkvlevris daskvniT,
`samive arsebuli Targmanisagan miRebuli komunikaci-
uri efeqti sagrZnoblad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan.
k. kekeliZis Targmani filologiuri Targmanis xasiaTs
atarebs. azrTan erTad masSi yvelaze metad aris dacu-
li originalis suliskveTeba. v. donduas Targmans in-
formaciis maqsimumi miaqvs mkiTxvelamde, magram origi-
nalis mxatvrul Rirebulebaze igi ver Seuqmnis mas
Sesabamis STabeWdilebas. es teqsti ufro viwro speci-
aluri TvalsazrisiT SeiZleba iyos saintereso. vl.so-
louxinis Targmani mTlianobaSi stilisturad mwyobr
sistemas warmoadgens. es garemoeba mniSvnelovania ru-
si mkiTxvelisaTvis, mniSvnelovania originalze saer-
To warmodgenis Sesaqmnelad. magram Targmani rCeba
mTargmnelis interpretaciad, sadac nawilobriv subi-
eqturi, nawilobriv obieqturi mizezebis gamo darRve-
ulia originalis azrobriv-esTetikuri mTlianoba~
(macxonaSvili 1997: 4).
ukanasknel xans gamoqveynda `SuSanikis wamebis~ ki-
dev erTi, axali Targmani, romelic ekuTvnis dekanoz
ioseb zeTeiSvils.
i. zeTeiSvili karga xania moRvaweobs sazRvargareT
(safrangeTSi). man rusul enaze Targmna Zveli qarTu-
li literaturis ramdenime Zegli, maT Soris, `SuSani-
280
kis wameba~ _ `Мученичество святой Шушаник царицы~. Tar-
gmani daibeWda parizSi gamomaval JurnalSi `Символ~
(zeTeiSvili 2002: 273-287). teqsti dayofilia oc Tavad,
axlavs ganmartebebi (zeTeiSvili 2002: 286-287). Targma-
nis ena odnav arqaizebulia, rac teqsts siZvelis el-
fers unarCunebs. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom Targmans win
uZRvis vrceli Sesavali statia `Завещание Шушаник~, ro-
melSic i. zeTeiSvili exeba, upirvelesad, iakob curta-
velis Txzulebas da, agreTve, zogadad qarTul mwer-
lobasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs (zeTeiSvili 2002:
231-272).
cnobebi iakob curtavelisa da `SuSanikis wamebis~
Sesaxeb Sesulia qarTuli literaturis istoriis yve-
la rusulenovan gamocemaSi (kekeliZe 1939: 16-18; keke-
liZe 1963: 129-130; baramiZe, gamezardaSvili 1968: 7; bara-
miZe, radiani, JRenti 1958: 13-14 da a. S.). Txzulebis Se-
saxeb rusul enaze sxvadasxva dros mravali statia,
wigni Tu broSura daibeWda (asaTiani 1981: 5-20; arvela-
Ze 1988: 163-179; baramiZe 1978a: 58-64; baramiZe 1978b; bara-
miZe 1978g; gigineiSvili 1986: 161-166; kilanava 1973; ma-
cxonaSvili 1996: 150-161; menabde 1992: 110-116; natroSvi-
li 1991: 199-206; Jordania 1982; siraZe 1989: 36-66; Cijava-
Ze 1952; WilaZe 1981: 138-173). gansakuTrebiT bevri maTga-
ni mieZRvna Txzulebis 1500 wlisTavs (gigineiSvili
1978; janaSia 1978; imnaiSvili 1978; menabde 1978b; siraZe
1978; WeliZe 1978: 65-79; xinTibiZe 1978; caiSvili 1979a:
75-92; caiSvili 1979b: 258-261).
`SuSanikis wamebis~ ungruli Targmani ekuTvnis qar-

Tvelologs, qarTuli enis SesaniSnav mcodnes marton
iStvanoviCs (1929-1992), romelmac qarTuli xalxuri
sityvierebisa da literaturis araerTi nimuSi gaacno
ungrel mkiTxvels. Targmani Tavdapirvelad Semokle-
buli saxiT daibeWda krebul `Kaletkutatás-is~ (àRmosav-
leTis kvleva~) furclebze (iStvanoviCi 1976). Targmans
uZRvis mokle winasityvaoba, romelSic m. iStvanoviCi
mkiTxvels acnobs saqarTvelos istoriasa da kultu-
ras, awvdis mokle biografiul cnobebs iakob curta-
281
velze, exeba Txzulebis daTariRebis sakiTxs, warmo-
adgens SuSaniksa da varsqens, rogorc istoriul pi-
rebs. winasityvaobaSi m. iStvanoviCi aRniSnavs: `Cven,
ungrelebma, Zalian cota ram viciT qarvelebis Sesa-
xeb. Cveni leqsikonebic Cveulebriv yovelTvis meore-
mesame wyarodan mowvdil cnobebs imeoreben, xSirad
SecdomiT da damaxinjebiT. TiTebze SeiZleba CamoiTva-
los is literaturuli qmnilebebi, romlebic qarTu-
li originalidan Targmnili, ametyvelebula ungrul
enaze (salaZe 1978a). aRniSnuli Targmanis mTavari Rir-
sebac swored isaa, rom originalidanaa Sesrulebuli.
1981 wels, budapeStSi, ungrul enaze gamoica qarTu-
li literaturis anTologia `Tiniko. Válogatás másfél évez-
red grúz prózájából~ (`Tiniko.∗ rCeuli aTasxuTaswlovani
qarTuli prozidan~) (iStvanoviCi 1981), romelic Sead-
gina ungrulis mcodne mecnierma m. salaZem. wigni 10
000-iani tiraJiT daibeWda. masSi Tavi moiyara qarTuli
literaturis nimuSebma uZvelesi xanidan Tanamedrove-
obamde. teqstebis umetesoba qarTuli enidan Targmnes
marton iStvanoviCma, margit birom da laioS tardim.
Zveli qarTuli literaturidan anTologiaSi warmod-
genilia m. iStvanoviCis mier Targmnili `SuSanikis wa-
mebis~ sruli teqsti, romelic oc Tavadaa dayofili
(iStvanoviCi 1981: 653-665) da mis mierve Targmnili
`grigol xanZTelis cxovrebis~ Semoklebuli varianti
(iStvanoviCi 1981: 35-38). iqve dabeWdilia àbo Tbilelis
wamebis~ m. biroseuli Semoklebuli Targmanic (iStva-
noviCi 1981: 21-34). wigns boloSi darTuli aqvs qarTul
sityvaTa ganmartebebi da avtorTa biografiuli mona-
cemebi. iakob curtavelis Sesaxeb masala moumzadebia
ianoS lenguels (iStvanoviCi 1981: 653). `SuSanikis wa-
mebis~ m. iStvanoviCiseul Targmanebs qarTul presaSi
farTo gamoxmaureba mohyva (salaZe 1978b; tatiSvili 1981).
1990 wels, budapeStSi, grifiT `qarTuli literatu-
ris biblioTeka~ (A Georgiai irodalom könyvtara), ungrul
enaze gamovida maRalpoligrafiul doneze gamocemuli
∗
`Tiniko~ saTauria r. inaniSvilis erT-erTi moTxrobisa, romelic am
krebulSia Sesuli.
282
da kargad ilustrirebuli wigni: Àz Életadó oszlop legen-
daja és más történetek~. Georgiai szentek élete és vértanüsáġa~
(`legenda sveti cxovelis Sesaxeb da sxva istoriebi~.
qarTvel wmindanTa `cxovrebani~ da `wamebani~) (biro
1990). teqstebi Targmna da gamosacemad moamzada un-
grelma qarTvelologma, istorikosma da filologma
margit birom. sxva hagiografiul teqstebTan erTad
krebulSi Sesulia `Szent Susanik Királynó vértanúsáġa~ (`wmin-
da SuSanik dedoflis wameba~) (biro 1990: 63-80). teqsti
dayofilia Tavebad. es aris originalTan miaxloebuli
Targmani – gardaTqma, romelic Sedgeba oci Tavisagan,
axlavs komentarebi, ganmartebebi (biro 1990: 142-144) da
TxzulebasTan dakavSirebuli samecniero literatu-
ris nusxa, saidanac kargad Cans, rom Targmnisas m.
biros gamouyenebia rogorc Zveli qarTuli hagiogra-
fiuli literaturis Zeglebis I tomSi dabeWdili teq-
sti, ise Txzulebis rusuli (v. dondua) da inglisuri
(d. langi) Targmanebi, agreTve, m. iStvanoviCis Targma-
nis zemoxsenebuli gamocemebi (iStvanoviCi 1976; 1981).
`SuSanikis wamebas~ sakmao adgili eTmoba wignis bo-
losityvaobaSic. mTargmneli msjelobs V saukunis
qarTlis istoriis sakiTxebze, vaxtang gorgasalze,
varsqen pitiaxSis politikur orientaciaze, dedofal
SuSanikis mowamebriv Tavdadebaze da sxv. iqve mocemu-
lia cnobebi iakob curtavelis, daba curtavisa da
Txzulebis daTariRebis Taobaze (biro 1990: 155-158).
aRniSnul sakiTxebs ufro vrclad Seexo m. biro Tavis
samecniero statiebSi (biro 1984; 1985).
italiur enaze `SuSanikis wameba~ ar aris Targmni-

li, magram ixsenieba TiTqmis yvela im gamocemaSi, sa-
dac ki zogadad qarTul qristianul literaturaze an
qarTuli mwerlobis saTaveebzea saubari. cnobili ita-
lieli mecnieri jakomo prampolini Tavis wignSi `Storia
della letteratura universale~ (`msoflio literaturaTa isto-
ria~) ioane petriwis, giorgi da eqvTime mTawmindele-
bis, giorgi murCulis da sxva moRvaweTa gverdiT moix-
seniebs iakob curtavels da sagangebod gamoyofs
283
`SuSanikis wamebas~, rogorc Cvens dromde moRweul
pirvel qarTul literaturul Zegls (prampolini 1949:
509-527). `SuSanikis wamebas~ exeba agreTve jorjo kaste
lino statiaSi `Litteratura georgiana~ (`qarTuli litera-
tura~), iq, sadac saqarTvelos gaqristianebaze, qarTu-
li anbanis warmoSobasa da uZveles literaturul
teqstebzea saubari (kastelino 1969: 447-468, 471). itali-
ur enaze gamoqveynda agreTve zemoT moxseniebuli ger-
maneli mecnieris g. deetersis statia `Georgia. Litteratura~
(`saqarTvelo. literatura~). masSi naTqvamia, rom `Su-
Sanikis wameba~ qarTuli literaturis uZvelesi Zeg-
lia, romelSic aRwerilia 472 wlis martvilobis faq-
ti (deetersi 1932: 644-645).
samwuxarod, zogjer italiur publikaciebSi Tavs
iCens `SuSanikis wamebis~ qarTul-somxuri problemati-
kis tendenciuri gaSuqeba (ananiani 1969: 76), rac samar-
Tlianad gaakritikes e. xinTibiZem (xinTibiZe 2003: 220-
221) da g. SurRaiam (SurRaia 2003: 163-164).
`SuSanikis wameba~ ixsenieba polonur enaze gamoqvey-

nebul statiebSic. qarTuli literaturis mokle mimo-
xilvaSi `Gruzińska literatura~ (`qarTuli literatura~),
romelic polonel qarTvelolog ian brauns ekuTvnis,
iakob curtavelis Txzuleba moxseniebulia rogorc
uZvelesi qarTuli hagiografiuli nawarmoebi (brauni
1964: 455). 1967 wels poloneTis aRmosavleTmcodneTa
JurnalSi daibeWda bogdan gembarksis statia `Piętnaście
wjeków literatury gruzińskiej~ (`qarTuli literaturis TxuT-
meti saukune~), romelSic `SuSanikis wamebaze~ saubri-
sas avtori acxadebs _ qarTuli literatura frangul
literaturasTan SedarebiT oTxi saukuniT Zveliao
(gembarski 1967: 29). b. gembarskis Sefasebas saqarTvelo-
Sic gamoexmaurnen (raviCi 1968).
ukanasknelad isic unda aRvniSnoT, rom d. langis
wigni `qarTvelebi~, romelic zemoT movixsenieT, iTar-
gmna polonurad. ase rom, cnobebi `SuSanikis wamebaze~
polonelma mkiTxvelma am TargmaniTac miiRo (langi
1972: 126-127).
284
`SuSanikis wameba~ orjer iTargmna berZnulad. pir-
veli Targmani daibeWda wignSi, romelic 1986 wels sa-
berZneTSi berZnul enaze gamovida `$Agioi thíi Gewrgivai”.
1. (epiloghí kai; suvnqwsii a;po; rwsika; sunaxavria)~ [`saqarTve-
los wmindanebi~, I. (SerCeuli da Sedgenili rusuli
svinaqsarebis mixedviT) (Agioi thíi Gewrgiva~... 1986)] wina-
sityvaobiT, SesavliTa da bibliografiiT. krebulis
Semdgeneli da mTargmnelia arqimandriti timoTeosi,
wm. paraklitonis monastris iRumeni, romelmac axal
berZnul enaze Targmna qarTvel wmindanTa cxovreba-
wamebani.
wigni Sedgeba oTxi Tavisagan: pirveli Tavia
`JH Jagiva !isapovstoloi Nivna~ (`cxovreba wmindisa da moci-
qulTa sworisa ninosi~) (Âgioi thíi Gewrgivai 1986: 21-72);
meore TavSi `JH Jagiva mavrtui Sousanaxnivkh~ (`wameba wmindisa
SuSanikisi~) (Âgioi thíi Gewrgivai 1986: 73-94) gadmocemulia
dedofal SuSanikis wamebis istoria (mesame Tavia
`cxovreba wminda ioane zedaznelisa~, xolo meoTxe _
`wameba wmindisa didmowamisa qeTevan dedoflisa~).
rogorc krebulis saTaurSicaa miTiTebuli, aRniS-
nuli teqstebi Sedgenilia rusuli svinaqsarebis sa-
fuZvelze, risTvisac mTargmnels gamouyenebia 1871
wels m. sabininis mier gamocemuli `Полное жизнеописание
святых грузинской церкви~. Tumca, swored rusuli enidan
Sesrulebuli Targmanis gamo, zogjer damaxinjebulia
sakuTari saxelebi da toponimebi, rasac sagangebod mi-
uTiTebs Tavis gamoxmaurebaSi a. uruSaZe: `timoTeosis
wignSi zogi sakuTari saxeli mcdaradaa gadmocemuli
(etyoba, rusulis gavleniT): ioane zedazniskosi, vasqe-
ni, qaTevani...). aris aseTi uzustobac: SuSanikis mamad
dasaxelebulia ara vardan mamikoniani, aramed saqar-
Tvelos erT-erTi mefe, romlis saxelic istoriam ar
Semogvinaxao. romel wyaros eyrdnoba avtori am cno-
bis mowodebisas, gaurkvevelia~ (uruSaZe 1988).
wigns erTvis bibliografia, romlidanac Cans, rom
avtori ZiriTadad rusul enaze arsebul literaturas
eyrdnoboda (m. sabinini, dimitri rostoveli...), gamoye-
285
nebulia agreTve frangul, inglisur da berZnul eneb-
ze arsebuli masalebi. berZnul wyaroTagan aRsaniSna-
via v. fidas wigni `saqarTvelos marTlmadidebluri
eklesiis avtokefalia~, romelic 1980 wels aTenSi
gamoqveynda.
`saqarTvelos wmindanebi~ maRalpoligrafiul done-
zea gamocemuli. masSi CarTulia gelaTis monastris
xedebi, wm. giorgis xati, gelaTis mozaika, CuqurTmebi,
warwerebi da sxv.
`SuSanikis wamebis~ meore berZnuli Targmani calke
wignad gamoica 1986 wels. es aris kargad gaformebuli
mcire formatis wignaki. ydas amSvenebs wm. SuSanikis
xati, romelic, savaraudod, specialurad am gamocemi-
saTvis bizantiur stilSi Seqmna berZenma mxatvarma.
wigni, `H Agia Sogea»ik~. Iera Mhtropolivtou Nikopovlew"
MELETIOç. Пpebeza, 1986 (`martviloba wminda da netari
SuSanikisi~, Targmani nikopoliis mitropolitisa. pre-
veza, 1986) (meletiosi 1986). satitulo furceli mkiTx-
vels auwyebs, rom Targmani Sesrulebulia rusuli enidan.
wignis winaTqmaSi `Prevpei nav xerete o[ti~ (`saWiroa,
icodeT, rom...~) mTargmneli mkiTxvels acnobs kavkasi-
as, saqarTvelos gaqristianebis mokle istorias da
varsqen pitiaxSisa da SuSanikis Tavgadasavals: `kavka-
sia samyaros ulamazesi mxarea. aq mdebareobs saqarTve-
lo, romlis mkvidrma qarTvelebma qristianoba adreve,
ukve IV saukunis gariJraJze, aRiares. qristianobis yve-
laze mtkice dasayrdeni qarTli gaxldaT~ (uruSaZe
1988).
`SuSanikis wamebis~ teqsti dayofilia 18 Tavad. TiTq-
mis yvela Tavi gaformebulia ilustraciebiT. `mTar-
gmneli iseT qvesaTaurebs iZleva, romlebSic nawarmo-
ebis ZiriTadi momentebisa da ideis aqcentirebas axdens,
zogjer ki, faqtiurad, sakuTar interpretaciasac ki
iZleva: 1. wminda SuSaniki; 2. misi meuRle sarwmunoebas
uaryofs; 3. SuSaniki gandgomis winaaRmdeg; 4. SuSani-
kisa da varsqenis dapirispireba; 5. varsqeni mkacrdeba,
SuSaniki uryevad dgas; 6. mowameobis dasawyisi; 7. sap-
yrobileSi; 8. axali mowameoba; 9. xalxis TanagrZnoba,
286
varsqenis uguloba; 10. dae mokvdes! 11. xalxis siyvaru-
li; 12. mindoba mTeli guliT; 13. wmindans moswons sa-
tanjveli; 14. asketuri cxovreba sapyrobileSi; 15. jo-
jikis monanieba; 16. wmindanis ukanaskneli survilebi;
17. gardacvaleba; 18. ar dagvaviwydes~ (mesxi 1988).
am gamocemas sixaruliT Sexvdnen saqarTveloSi
(uruSaZe 1988; mesxi 1988) da maRali Sefasebac misces.
rogorc T. mesxi aRniSnavs: `gansakuTrebul yuradRe-
bas iqcevs wignis sqolioebi da SeniSvnebi. mTargmnels
yovel SesaZlo SemTxvevaSi mohyavs Sesabamisi adgile-
bi Zveli da axali aRTqmebidan da, agreTve, paralele-
bi berZeni da sxva qristeani wmindanebis cxovrebaTa-
gan; cdilobs nawarmoebis simboloTmetyvelebis gan-
martebas. Cveni yuradReba gansakuTrebiT miipyro SeniS-
vnam: `tradicia imisa, rom micvalebulT fsalmuns vu-
kiTxavdeT, rogorc xedavT, Zalze Zvelia. didis sim-
kacriT davicvaT igi da, Tuki sadme aseTi tradicia
myarad ara dgas, iswavlon igi da amieridan daamkvid-
ron~. erTi uzustoba am sqolioebSic SevniSneT: mTar-
gmneli wm. SuSanikis ZvalTSesalagad metexis taZris
nacvlad sveticxovels asaxelebs~ (mesxi 1988).
dasasrul, isev mTargmnelis sityvebs davimowmebT
wignis winasityvaobidan: ès aris teqsti, romelic er-
Tianad gipyrobs sisadaviT Tavisi stilisa. mas aqvs
iSviaTi Txroba da SesaniSnavi sulieri mowodeba, rac
ase saWiroa Cvens droSi~ (mesxi 1988).
`SuSanikis wameba~ iTargmna da gamoica afxazur ena-

zec. jer kidev wignis dabeWdvamde gazeTi `wignis sam-
yaro~ werda: `bolo wlebSi afxazuri wignis Taros
msoflio literaturis bevri klasikuri nawarmoebi Se-
emata. am wignTa Soris didi adgili uWiravs qarTuli
enidan Targmnil Txzulebebs. ukve koreqturaSi iki-
Txeba da wlevandel meore kvartalSi gamova qarTuli
literaturis aTasxuTaswlovani Zegli _ iakob curta-
velis `SuSanikis wameba~ (`wignis samyaro~ 1981).
marTlac, imave wels gamomcemloba àlaSaram~ das-
tamba `Ацкьа Шьушьаник Лаазаб~ (`wameba wmidisa SuSani-
287
kisi~) (amiCba 1981). Txzuleba afxazur enaze Targmna g.
amiCbam, Sedgeba oci Tavisagan (amiCba 1981: 5-30), erTvis
al. baramiZis bolosityvaoba (amiCba 1981: 31-38), gafor-
mebulia l. Sengelias ilustraciebiT.
damowmebani:
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kisi. qarTuli da somxuri teqstebi gamosca, gamokvleva, varian-
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Darejan Menabde
“The Martyrdom of Saint Shushanick” by

Iakob Tsurtaveli in Foreign Languages
Summary
The Passion of St. Shushanik, a work by Iakob Tsurtaveli (5th c.),

was translated in many foreign languages and was published in various
countries in the 19th-20th centuries. Scholarly articles and reviews were
also published in foreign languages concerning these translations and
the work, in general. Materials published about The Passion of St.
Shushanik in foreign languages (German, English, French, Russian,
Hungarian, etc.) as well as bibliography are collected in the present
article.
293
wminda SuSanikis xati
XIII
`SuSanikis wamebis~ berZnuli
gamocemis garekani
XIV
bibliografia
„SuSanikis wameba“
(bibliografia)
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295
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35. baramiZe r. detalebis xelovneba. `literaturuli
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36. baramiZe r. 1500 wlisaa (V saukunis qarTuli mxat-
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37. baramiZe r. iakob curtavelis avtoportreti. `skola
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39. baramiZe r. qarTuli mwerlobis saTaveebTan. Tb.:
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50. bregaZe d. Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis sakiTxebi. `qu-
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51. bregaZe d. iakob curtavelis `SuSanikis wameba~.
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53. brose m. saqarTvelos istoria. I. naTargmni s. RoRo-
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55. gabaSvili v. `SuSanikis wameba~ rogorc wyaro. `mac-
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57. gabiZaSvili e., XVII-XVIII saukuneebis svinaqsaruli
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58. gamsaxurdia s. sazogadoebrivi azrovnebis istori-
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#2. 1961. gv. 158-162.
297
59. gaCeCilaZe g. mose qarTuli mwerlobisa. `qarTuli
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61. gvaxaria v. martviloba SuSanikisÁ da qarTuli him-
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62. gigineiSvili m. iakob xucesis `SuSanikis wameba~.
`saunje~. #6. 1978. gv. 223-235.
63. gigineiSvili m. iakob xucesis `SuSanikis wameba~.
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64. giunaSvili e. sarjvelaZe z. ratom icvleboda `Su-
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65. giunaSvili e. sarjvelaZe z. `SuSanikis wamebis~ teq-
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66. goilaZe v. saqarTvelos, somxeTisa da albaneTis is-
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tomSi. `saqarTvelos feodaluri xanis istoriis
sakiTxebi~. V. 1986. gv. 16-25.
67. goguaZe v. `SuSanikis wamebis~ mxatvruli specifikis
interpretaciisaTvis. wignSi: goguaZe v. `me arc war-
sulis, arc momavlis ar meSinia~. Tb. 1993. gv. 33-44.
68. goliaZe o. `nu iyofin~. `jvari vazisa~. #4. 1990. gv. 59-62.
69. gorgaZe s. Cveni Zveli mwerloba da xalxuri poezia.
tf.: 1927. gv. 25-28.
70. goCelaSvili o. personaJi _ iakob curtaveli. `sko-
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71. goCelaSvili o. risTvis ewama SuSaniki. Tb.: 1991.
72. goCelaSvili o. vin awama SuSaniki? vin iyo xanZTe-
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73. goCelaSvili o. vin, risTvis awama SuSaniki? Tb.:
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74. goCelaSvili o. ras mogviTxrobs `SuSanikis wameba~?
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86. elaSvili q. `SuSanikis martvilobis~ saxismetyvele-
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87. elaSvili q. `xorcieli sikeTis~ fenomeni qarTul
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2002. gv. 63-65.
ba. krb. àleqsandre baramiZe _ 100~. Tb.: 2002. gv. 41-44.
89. elaSvili q. iakob xucesi – didwinapari grigol
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ba. wignSi: elaSvili q. sityviT Troba. Tb.: 2009. gv.
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299
91. zariZe x. iakob curtavelis mxatvruli ostatobis
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92. zariZe x. iakobidan rusTavelamde. `mnaTobi~. #7.
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93. zariZe x. àrca aRanTian sanTeli~. Tsu Sromebi. 269.
1987. gv. 35-50.
94. TaboriZe m. `SuSanikis wamebis~ teqstis literatu-
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95. TavdiSvili m. saeSmako serobis idumali qveteqstebi.
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96. TavdiSvili m. saeSmako serobis idumali qveteqstebi
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98. ToraZe v. ToraZe n. pirvelmowameni. monofizitoba
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101. iakob curtaveli. `martvilobaÁ SuSanikisi~. qarTu-
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103. iakob curtaveli. wamebaÁ wmidisa SuSanikisi dedof-
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300
104. iakob curtaveli, SuSanikis wameba. Semdgeneli da
redaqtori o. egaZe. Tb.: 1983.
105. iakob xucesi. wamebaÁ wmidisa SuSanikisi. teqsti, Se-
niSvnebi da variantebi. s. gorgaZis redaqtorobiT.
quTaisi. 1917.
106. iakob xucesi. SuSanikis wameba; giorgi merCule. grigol
xanZTelis cxovreba. teqsti gamosacemad moamzades,
leqsikoni da gamokvleva daurTes z. sarjvelaZem, k. da-
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107. iakob xucesi. wameba wminda mowame SuSanik dedof-
lisa, wignSi: qarTuli hagiografiuli Zeglebi 3 to-
mad. originaluri teqstebi da axali qarTuli Tar-
gmanebi, t. I. (redaqtori l. abaSiZe; Zveli qarTuli
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108. iToniSvili v. kavkasiis uZvelesi eTnonimiidan. `mac-
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109. imnaiSvili i. Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikidan. gaz.
`Tbilisis universiteti~. 8.XII.1978. #38.
110. imnaiSvili i. `SuSanikis wamebis~ ena. krb. `SuSanikis
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111. inauri v. varsqen pitiaxSis tragedia. Tb.: 2004.
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ких терминов в его сочинении. `macne~ (ffes), 1978, #3, gv. 17-27.
Челидзе В. Рамки [О грузинской агиографии]. "Литературная
Грузия", № 1, 1978, c. 65-79.
319
Чиджавадзе Ш. Женские историко-художественные персонажи в
грузинской агиографии (Шушаник, Нино). Автореферат канд. фил. н.
Тб.: 1952.
Чиладзе Т. "Мученичество Шушаник" Якова Цуртавели. Чиладзе
Т. Уголок для беседы. Тб.: 1981, c. 138-173.
Юзбашян К. Хронология армяно-грузинского восстания против
сасанидов в конце V века. "Палестинский сборник", 28 (91), 1986, с. 51-53.
kekeliZe k. etiudebi Zveli qarTuli literaturis is-
toriidan. IX. Tb.: 1963, gv. 129-130.
macxonaSvili n. bibliuri simboloebi iakob curtave-
lis `SuSanikis wamebaSi~. `mnaTobi~, #1-2, 1996, gv. 150-161.
macxonaSvili n. qarTuli hagiografiuli Zeglebis ru-
sul enaze Targmnis problema (iakob curtavelis `SuSa-
nikis wamebis~ Targmanebis azrobriv-stilisturi anali-
zi), avtoreferati filologiis mecnierebaTa kandidatis
samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad. Tb.: 1997.
ungrul enaze:
Targmanebi:
Iakob Curtaveli. Szent Susanik királynó vértanúsáġa. Forditotta, a
bevezetót és a jegyzeteket irta Istvánovits Márton: Keletkutatás 1976/77.
243-254.
Iakob Curtaveli. Szent Susanik Királyne vértanúsáġa. Tiniko. Válogatás
másfél évezred grúz prózájából. Európa Könyvkiado 1981, Budapest: 5-20.
Curtavi Iakob. Szent Susanik Királynö vértanúsáġa. wignSi: Az Éle-
tadó oszlop legendaja és más történetek. Georgiai szentek élete és vérta-
nüsáġa és más történetek. Georgiai szentel élete és vértanüsáģa. Váloģatta,
óġrúz eredetiból fordította, az utószót és a jeġyzeteket készítette: Biró
Margit. Éietünk kőnyvek, 1990, 63-80.
literatura:
A Susanik vértanúságával kapcsolatos kérdéseket részletesen vizsgálom
egyik tanulmányomban: M. Biró, Shushanik's Georgian Vita: Acta Orient.
Hung. Tomus XXXVIII. 1-2. (1984), 187-200.
Biró M.. Egy grúz krónika tudósitásai 5. századi kaukázusi táma-
dásokról, hadjáratokról. Vahtang Gorgaszal életrajzának néhány kérdése:
Életünk 1985/5. 420-434.
salaZe m. eZRvneba `SuSanikis wamebis~ asormocdaaT wlis-
Tavs. gaz. `samSoblo~, 1978, V, #10.
salaZe m. ungrelebi ecnobian. gaz. `komunisti~, 9.IV.1978, #84.
320
tatiSvili m. qarTuli proza dunaispireTSi (saqarTve-
lo-ungreTis kulturuli urTierTobisaTvis). gaz. `komu-
nisti~, 24.IX.1981, #220.
frangul enaze:
Targmani:
Tsouladzé S. Traduction du martyre de sainte Chouchanik, du Ve
siècle, premier monument de la littérature géorgienne "Bedi Kartlisa",
#XXXVI. Paris: 1978, p. 56-68.
Iacob Tsourtavéli, Le Martyre de la Sainte Reine Chuchanik, Traduit
par S. Tsouladzé, wignSi: iakob curtaveli. SuSanikis wameba.
Semdgeneli da redaqtori o. egaZe. Tb.: `xelovneba~, 1983,
gv. 233-266.
literatura:
Brosset M. Additions et éclaircissements à I'Histoire de la Géorgie. St.-
P., 1851, p. 74-80, 114-117.
Description géographique de la Géorgie par le Tsarévitch Wakhoucht,
publiée... par M. Brosset. St.-P., 1842, p. 142.
Karst J. Littérature géorgienne chrétienne. Bibliothèque Catholique des
Sciences Religieuses. Paris: 1934, p. 74-76.
Salia K. La Littérature géorgienne (V-e-XIII-e siècles). "Bedi Kartlisa",
XVII-XVIII (#45-46), 1964, p. 34-35.
Salia K. La Littérature géorgienne. "Bedi Kartlisa", vol XXIX-XXX.
Paris: 1972, p. 207, 209.
brose m. qarTlis cxovreba. dasabamiTgan meaTcxramete
saukunemdis. Targmnili da gamocemuli RvawliTa u. bro-
se. I. spb: 1849, gv. 160 (ix. agreTve: Histoire de la Géorgie, I, St.-P.
1849, p. 214).
Turnava s. safrangeTi ecnoba `SuSaniks~. gaz. `Tbili-
si~, 30.VII.1979.
Turnava s. `SuSanikis wameba~ frangulad. `wignis samya-
ro~, 27.VI.1979, #12.
menabde l. ucxoeli mecnierebi iakob curtavelis `Su-
Sanikis wamebis~ Sesaxeb. krb. `SuSanikis wameba~ (gamok-
vlevebi da werilebi). Tb.: 1978, gv. 119-127.
Seadgina darejan menabdem
321
teqsti
ilia abulaZe
w i n a s i t y v ao b a ∗
iakob curtavelis martirologiuri nawarmoebi, ro-

melic uadrindelesi qarTuli originaluri litera-
turis Zegls warmoadgens, ukve gasuli saukunis 80-iani
wlebidanaa (1882 w.) cnobili. martvilobis somxuri re-
daqciebi ki ocdaaTiode wliT adre gamomzevda (1853 w.).
am or mezobel erTa enebze Senaxuli erTi da igive
martvilobis ZeglTa urTierT-damokidebuleba sagulis-
xmo sakiTxi iyo da aris sazogadod qarTulisa da som-
xuri kulturis istoriisa da kerZod _ literaturisa
da filologiisaTvis. prof. iv.javaxiSvilis mokle da
metad Sinaarsiani narkveviT 1 am sagulisxmo sakiTxis Zi-
riTad momentebze am mxriv pasuxic gacemuli iyo mTavar
xazebSi. qarTul-somxuri teqstebis gamocemiT Cven mxo-
lod filologiuri miznebi gvqonda dasaxuli, _ teq-
stobrivi SedarebebiT arsebuli Sexedulebis oden dama-
dasturebel sabuTs viZleodiT. magram rodesac amas P.
Peeters-is naSromma 2 mouswro, romelic Tavisi daskvnebiT
aqamdis Sewynarebul azrs upirispirdeba, iZulebuli gav-
xdiT narkvevis farglebi gagvefarToebina da SevCerebu-
liyaviT saeWvod miCneul momentebzedac, romlebic uami-
sod SesaZloa masSi arc Sesuliyo.
∗
ilia abulaZe, winasityvaoba wignisa: iakob curtaveli, martÂlobaÁ
SuSanikisi. qarTuli da somxuri teqstebi gamosca, gamokvleva, varian-
tebi, leqsikoni da saZieblebi daurTo ilia abulaZem, redaqtori el.
metreveli, Tb. 1978, gv. 9, 77-121.
1
prof. i v . j a v a x i S v i l i , `Zveli qarTuli saistorio mwerlo-
ba~, 2 gamoc. tf.1921w., gv. 13-26.
2
P. Peeters, Sainte Sousanik, Martyre en Arméno-géorgie ( Anal. Boll., LIII, fasc. III-IV),
1935.
322
iakob curtavelis nawarmoebs Tavis-Tavadac mraval-
mxrivi mniSvneloba aqvs qarTvelologiisaTvis. amiTaa
gamowveuli, rom wigns boloSi leqsikoni da saZieblebi
davurTeT. axali teqstebis gamoyenebis gamo variantebis
saWiroebac gaCnda. igic agreTve davurTeT teqstebs. amaT
garda martvilobis vrceli somxuri redaqciis gasac-
nobad qarTveli mkiTxvelisaTvis mis gverdiT Cveni Tar-
gmanic moveciT. xolo misi qarTulTan Semxvedri adgi-
lebis saCveneblad es Targmani Zveli qarTuliT Sevas-
ruleT. Targmani saerTod dednis wyobiTa da masTan
sxvamxrivi siaxloviTac xasiaTdeba. amis gamoa, Tu mas,
erTi Cveni Zveli mTargmnelis Tqmisa ar iyos, `Tu sibne-
le raÁme sadme anu siduxWire Sesdgams~, dednis `Seda-
rebulobisagan ars~. 1
1
ioane damaskelis `wyaroÁ codnisaÁs~ arsen vaCes Zis Targmani, anderZ-
namagi (dednad aq `berZnulia~ dasaxelebuli), saq. muz. xelnaw. S fondi
# 1463, f. 39v.
323
wamebaÁ wmidisa a
SuSanikisi, asulisa TTuesa okdonbersa: iz
wmidisa vardanisi, _
asulis wulisa wamebaÁ wmidisa
wm. sahakisi, r∼l SuSanikisi dedoflisaÁ
aResrula qmrisagan
TÂsisa ferad-feradiTa
tanjviTa q∼Àsa
sarwmunoebisaTÂs.
da aw damtkicebulad
giTxra Tquen aRsasruli
wmidisa da sanatrelisa
SuSanikisi.
I. da iyo Jamsa mefo- I. iyo mervesa welsa

bisa sparsTaÁsasa pitiax- [mr|||] sparsTa mefisasa
Si vinme soflisa mis karad samefod waremar-
qarTlisaÁ, romlisa saxe- Ta varsqen pitiaxSi, ZÀ
li vazgen, ZÀ aSuSa piti- arSuSaÁsi. rameTu pir-
axSisaÁ, romeli waremar-
vel igica iyo qristiane
Ta karad samefod, uvar
naSobi mamisa da dedisa
yo qristeanobaÁ da iqmna
qristianeTaÁ. da colad
sparsTa Sjulisa nebsiT
da ara iZulebiT, gina misa iyo asuli vardani-
mZlavrobiT. da colad si, somexTa spaÁpetisaÁ,
misa iyo asuli vardanisi romlisaTÂs-ese mivwere
somexTa spaÁpetisaÁ, ma- Tquenda, mamisagan saxe-
mikonianisi, asulis wuli liT vardan da siyuaru-
wmidisa sahak parTevisa liT saxeli misi SuSa-
da somexTa mamamTavrisaÁ nik, moSiSi RmrTisaÁ, vi-
asulisagan mis sahakanu- Tarca-igi vTquT, siyr-
Sisa, mama-dedaTagan saxe- miTgan TÂsiT. da ukeTu-
liT vardeni da siyuaru- rebisa mis saxisa qmrisa
liT merme saxeli [misi] misisaÁsa maradis guls
SuSanik, keTil-msaxuri da etyÂn da evedrebin yo-
moSiSi RmrTisaÁ siyrmiT- velTave locvis yofad
gan TÂsiT. da ugunurisa misTÂs, raÁTamca cvala
324
da ujeroÁsa qcevisaTÂs igi RmerTman saxisa mis-
qmrisa T∼isa, evedrebin gan ugunurebisa da iq-
morwmuneTa locvis yo- mnamca gonierebasa qris-
fad RmrTisa, raÁTamca mo- tÀssa.
vida gonierebasa. da iur- xolo amis ubadrukisa
voda da iSiSvoda, raJams da samgzis sawyalobeli-
waremarTa karad samefod, sa varsqenisi viTarme vin
[viTarmed] nu ukue uvar Tquas yovlad ganwiru-
yos qriste. lisaÁ, viTar igi ganag-
romelica yo uSjulo- do sanatreli sasoebaÁ
man: uvaris yofiTa WeS- qristÀsi! anu vin ara sti-
maritisa RmrTisaÁTa Ta- rodis mas, romelsa ar-
yuanis scemda cecxlsa. da ca Wiri exilva, arca Si-
aRuara eSmaksa [da] col- Si, arca maxÂli, arca pyro-
sa iTxovda sparssa, mefi- bilebaÁ qristÀsTÂs.
sa misgan. da igi erCda
rameTu raJams wardga
mas [da] misca colad de- igi winaSe sparsTa mefi-
daÁ colisa TÂsisaÁ. xo- sa, ara Tu pativisa mo-
lo igi uqadebda pirve-
RebisaTÂs, aramed ZRunad
lisaca colisa da Svil-
Tavsa TÂssa Seswirvida
Ta miqcevasa moguebisa
mefisa mis mimarT uvaris
Sjulsa [zeda].
yofiTa WeSmaritisa RmrTi-
saÁTa da Tayuanis scem-
da cecxlsa, rameTu yov-
liT kerZove Tavi TÂsi
qristÀsgan ganagdo. xo-
lo sawyalobeli ese colsa
iTxovda sparsTa mefisagan,
raÁTamca saTno eyo me-
fesa, da esreT etyoda,
viTarmed `romeli igi bu-
nebiTi coli ars da Svil-
ni, iginica esreve movaqcine
Sensa Sjulsa, viTarca
ese me~. amas uqadebda, ro-
mel igi ara aqunda ÃelTa
SuSanikisgan. maSin gani-
xara mefeman da brZana co-
lad misa asuli mefisaÁ.
325
II. da eseviTariTa uS- II. da ijmna mefisagan
juloebiTa iqca soflad sparsTaÁsa pitiaxman. da,
TÂsa da warmohmarTa wi- viTarca moiwia igi saz-
naÁswar diaspani [vinme] RvarTa qarTlisaTa, qu-
xarebad moslvisa TÂsisa. eyanasa mas hereTisasa,
romeli moiwia [da] Sevi- zraxva yo, raÁTa auwyos
da winaSe dedoflisa, mo- da wina miegebnen mas az-
kiTxvaÁ hrqua: da xarebaÁ naurni da misni Zeni da
moslvisa misisaÁ. xolo msaxurni misni, raÁTa maT
man hrqua: `WeSmaritad cxo- gamo viTarca erTguli
vel arsa suliTa?~. da soflad Sevides. da war-
afucebda kacsa mas Rmer- mohmarTa sadiaspanoÁTa cxe-
Tsa cxovelsa. xolo igi
niTa monaÁ TÂsi, viTar[m]ca
cremlooda [da] etyoda:
movida dabasa, romelsa sa-
`qmarman Senman uvar yo
xeli hrqÂan curtav.
WeSmaritebaÁ da Tayuanis
da viTarca moiwia da
sca atruSanTa [da] daemor-
Sevida winaSe SuSanikisa,
Cila sparsTa Sjulsa~.
dedoflisa Cuenisa, kiTx-
viTarca esma keTil-
msaxursa mas dedofalsa, vaÁ hrqua. xolo sanat-
davarda queyanasa da ti- relman SuSanik viTarca
roda mwared, da hgodeb- win[aÁsw]armetyuelman hrqua:
da qmarsa mas uvaris myo- ùkueTu suliTa cxovel
felsa RmrTisasa da vaeb- ars igi, cocxalmca xarT
da SvilTa. igica da Senca. ukueTu
da Semdgomad mraval- suliTa momkudar xarT,
Ta godebaTa da sulTqu- mokiTxvaÁ ege Seni Send-
maTa aRdga da Sevida ek- ve moiqecin1~. xolo kac-
lesiad da Tana miiyvanna man man ver ikadra sityu-
Svilni TÂsni, rameTu hyvan- ad misa. xolo wmidaÁ
des samni Zeni da erTi SuSanik afucebda da hki-
asuli. da davarda w∼e w∼a Txvida damtkicebulad.
sakurTxevelsa da esreT xolo kacman uTxra mar-
ityoda: ùfalo RmerTo, Tali da hrqua, viTarmed:
yovlisa mpyrobelo, Semo- `varsqen uvar yo WeSma-
qmedo cisa da queyanisao riti RmerTi~.
da romelni maT Sina ari-
an qmnulni; Sen daamtkice
eseviTari wesi aznaurebi-
1 Sdr. maTe 10.13.
saÁ sityÂTa kurTxevisa
326
mxolod-Sobilisa Senisa- viTarca esma netarsa
ÁTa, monaTa SenTa Tanam- SuSaniks, davarda igi qu-
zraxvelTa mier, beWdiTa eyanasa zeda da Tavsa da-
miT cxovrebis momcemisa marT scemda da cremli-
embazisaÁTa, axliTa da me- Ta mwariTa ityoda: `saw-
oriTa SobiTa, wyliTa da yalobel iqmna ubadruki
suliTa yofad Zed dRisa varsqen, rameTu uvar yo
da ganwmedad bnelisa da WeSmariti RmerTi da aRi-
senoanisa Sobisagan, ro-
ara artoSani da SeerTo
melic ÃorciTa qmrisa da
igi uRmrToTa~.
colisagan warmovals, da
da aRdga da dauteva
povnad moxilvisa ganaT-
lebulisa mis Sobisagan, taZari TÂsi da RmrTis
romel qriste iesuÁsda moSiSebiT eklesiad Se-
[ars], da yofad erT sam-
vida da Tana miiyvanna
wyso erTisa mwyemsisa WeS- samni igi Zeni misni da
maritisa iesu qristÀsa. da erTi asuli da warad-
aw me ara rad Semiracxian ginna igini winaSe sakur-
eseni, Sobilni ÃorcTagan Txevelsa da esreT ilo-
kacisa uRmrToÁsa, moku- cvida da ityoda: ùfa-
davni mokudavisagan. da lo RmerTo, Senni moce-
aw, ufalo Cemo, ukueTu mulni arian da Sen da-
Rirs giCanan eseni date- icven eseni, ganaTlebul-
vebad WeSmaritsa da zega- ni wmidisagan embazisa
damosa Sobasa amas, mamisa madliTa sulisa wmidi-
da Zisa da sulisa wmidi- saÁTa, yofad erT samwy-
sasa, aRzrdilni simarTli- so erTisa mwyemsisa1 uf-
Ta mklavTa zeda CemTa wi- lisa Cuenisa iesu qristÀsa~.
naSe Sensa meufebasa, da- da viTarca mwuxrisa
icven eseni WeSmaritebiTa Jami aRasrules, saxlaki
sarwmunoebasa wrfelsa erTi mcire pova maxlo-
da saqmeTa keTilTa [zeda] belad eklesiasa da Se-
siwmidiTa da RmrTis msa- vida mun Sina simwariTa
xurebiTa, dadgromad qu- savsÀ da mieyrdna yuresa
eyanasa [zeda] da ara msa- erTsa da mwariTa crem-
xurebad qmnulTa, aramed liTa tiroda.
Semoqmedisa magis, r∼i kur-
Txeul xar ukunisamde. ra-
meTu moemarTebis [da] mo-
1
vals uvaris myofeli igi, ioane 10.16.
327
aRsavsÀ uSjuloebiTa, mo-
nadirebad Cemda da naSob-
Ta CemTa napralTa war-
wymedisasa. da aw, ufalo
iesu qriste, Sen Segvedreb
[Tavsa] Cemsa da amaT, rome-
li ege xar ufal da RmerT,
xolo me mzad var Sewyna-
rebad tanjvaTa da mosiku-
did saxelisa magis Senisa
wmidisaTÂs. da ara veziaro
nebaTa uvaris myofelisa
da bilwisa mis Tanamecxed-
risaTa, rameTu Sen xar
RmerTi WeSmariti. da Sen-
da Suenis TayuaniscemaÁ da
didebaÁ, ok∼i ok∼e~.
da sxuaTaca mravalTa
vedrebaTa cremliTa Ses-
wirvida ufalsa eklesi-
asa mas Sina netari igi
ganTiadiTgan mwuxramde.
da viTarca mwuxrisa Jami
aRasrules moweseni mis ek-
lesiisani yovelni Tanam-
gloviare eyvnes da ekrZal-
vodes Tqumas sityÂsasa mis-
TÂs. xolo igi aRdga da
Sevida saxlsa erTsa mci-
resa maxlobelad eklesi-
asa da ilocvida RmrTisa
mimarT tiriliTa da go-
debiTa yovelsa Ramesa, da
simwarisagan ganusuenebel
iqmna da ara raÁsa gemoÁ
ixila da verca vin Ãel-
iwifa maxlobelTagan kad-
rebad da Tqumad raÁsme
sityÂsa.
328
III. xolo episkoposi III. xolo episkoposi
igi saxlisaÁ mis pitiax- igi saxlisaÁ mis pitiax-
SisaÁ afoc mas Jamsa ara SisaÁ, romelsa saxeli
mun iyo, garna karisa xu- erqua afoc, ara mun iyo,
cesi dedoflisaÁ mis kad- aramed kacisa visame wmi-
nier iqmna [da] nugeSinis disa vanad misrul iyo
scemda mougonebelTa maT kiTxvad raÁsme sityÂsa.
ZÂrTaTÂs, rameTu sami dRe da meca, xucesi dedof-
da sami Rame uWmel da lisa SuSanikisi, Tana
ganusuenebel iyo igi. da vhyvandi episkopossa mas.
hrqua netarsa mas: `moiÃ- da myis moiwia Cuenda
sene RmerTi da misiTve
diakoni SinaÁT da gÂTx-
sasoebiTa Tavsa Sensa nu-
ra Cuen ese yoveli: mos-
geSinis ec, romeli scems
sulgrZelebasa ganwirul-
lvaÁ pitiaxSisaÁ da saq-
Ta da cxorebasa maT, ro- meni dedoflisani. xolo
melni ganleul arian gu- Cuen aRvivseniT mwuxare-
liTa, aw TaviT TÂsiT biTa da didiTa tirili-
Tavsa Sensa nugeSinis ec Ta vtirodeT ganmware-
qristÀsiTa, moiRuawe Ru- bulni codvaTa CuenTa
awli igi keTili, romli- warmoCinebisaTÂs.
Ta scxovrob da hgie, r∼a xolo me vijmen adre
nugeSinis cemiTa [da] war- da miviwie dabasa mas,
mavalisa amis datevebiTa romelsaca iyo netari
da sasoebiTa mieaxlo SuSanik. da, viTarca vi-
RmerTsa, romeli SemZle- xile igi ganmwarebuli,
bel ars yovlisa, daRaca- meca vtirode mis Tanave.
Tu aravin givis erTsuli, da varqu netarsa SuSa-
romelman guliTad iur- niks: `Ruawlsa didsa
vos SenTÂs~. da sxÂTa mrav- Seslvad xar, dedofalo,
liTa sityÂTa ganamtki- ekrZale sarwmunoebasa
cebda [da] nugeSinis scem- qristÀssa, nu ukue mter-
da netarsa mas. man viTarca sarsÂlman
mieriTgan maxlobelni- saZovari poos1 Sen Tana~.
ca igi kadnier iqmnnes xolo wmidaman SuSanik
mis Tana da evedrnes ne- mrqua me: `xuces, da meca
tarsa mas miRebad Wamadi. didsa Ruawlsa ganmzade-
da man yurad iRo mcired
raÁme gemoÁ ixila Wamadi-
saÁ da sasumelisaÁ. aR- 1 II tim. 2.17.
329
dga da hmadlobda Rmer- bul var~.
Tsa da RamÀ yoveli loc- da me varqu mas: ègreT
vasa, fsalmunebasa da ki- ars, mÃne iyav, moTmine
Txvasa Sina saRmrTosa we- da sulgrZel~. xolo man
rilTasa gardavles. da mrqua me: `Cemda martoÁsa
aRZruli guli igi, SeZ- arian Wirni ese~. xolo
rwunebuli da warwiru- me varqu mas: `Wiri Seni
li, merme mcired raÁme Wiri Cueni ars da sixa-
ganimtkica sasoebiTa RmrTi-
ruli Seni sixaruli Cu-
saÁTa. aRasrulebdes cis-
eni ars. Cueni ara xolo
krisa Jamsa da akuTrTx-
Tu dedofali oden iyav,
evdes RmerTsa.
da mouÃda karisa xu- aramed Cuen yovelTa vi-
cesi igi da hrqua dedo- Tarca SvilTa guxedevd~.
falsa mas: `raÁ daidev da varqu me sanatrel-
gonebasa da raÁ gegule- sa mas xuaSiadad-re: `vi-
bis qmnad aRdginebulTa Tar gegulebis, miTxar
Sen zeda brZolaTa [Sina] me, raÁTa uwyodi da aR-
uvaris myofelisa mis pi- vwero SromaÁ Seni~. xo-
tiaxSisagan,* mravalTa maT lo man mrqua me. `raÁsa
ukeTurebaTaTÂs, romel mkiTxav amas?1~. da me mi-
arian qmnad? miugo dedo- uge da varqu mas: `mtki-
falman man da hrqua: èseni ced sdgaa?~. da man
stanjaven sulsa Cemsa, da mrqua me: `nu iyofin Cem-
SvilTa CemTa ganwirulebaÁ da, Tumca veziare saqme-
da urvaÁ, rameTu uwyi qmri- Ta da codvaTa varsqe-
sa uSjuloebaÁ da misTÂs nisTa~. me miuge da varqu
ganvagrZob glovasa da viwy- mas: `mware gonebaÁ aqus
mas, guemasa da tanjvasa
∗
didsa Segagdos Sen~. xo-
SeerTebisaTÂs TÂsisa, asuli-
saTÂs mis, romeli eguleboda
lo man mrqua me: ùmjo-
colebad sparsTa Sjulisaebr; bÀs ars Cemda ÃelTa mis-
da ZeTa maT miqcevisaTÂs WeSma- Tagan sikudili, vidre
ritisa RmrTisagan. yofad Zed
sibnelisa viTarca igi TÂT; da
Cemi da misi SekrebaÁ da
yovelTa maT ZÂrTaTÂs, romeli warwymedaÁ sulisa Cemi-
ganemzada Cuenebad moguTa maT saÁ; rameTu masmies me
moZRurebisaebr da msgavsad bo- pavlÀs mociqulisagan: àra
rotisa mis grZnebisa; Zulvebad
simarTlisa da yuarebad uSju-
loebisa da uRmrToebisa, raÁTa
1 ioane 18,21.
yovelsa S∼a aRasrulos codva.
330
lÂ cremliTa. vin mosca damonebul ars ZmaÁ gina
Tavsa Cemsa wyali da Tu- daÁ, aramed ganeyenen1~.
alTa CemTa wyaroni crem- da me vTqu: ègreT ars~.
lTani da udabnosa Sina
sadguri, romel vtirode
wylulTa da warwymedisa-
TÂs ganukurnebelisa qmri-
saTÂs Cemisa, uSjuloÁsa
da uvaris myofelisaTÂs
RmrTisa WeSmaritisa, da
naSobTa CemTa ganwirule-
bisaTÂs [da] sxuad saxed
gamoCinebisaTÂs: RmrTis mec-
nierebisagan RmrTis umec-
rebad [da] naTlisagan bne-
lad qceulTa? vin ara
iglovdes eseodenisa war-
wymedisa hambavsa, romel
ganismis? romelni sasme-
nelni moixunen hambavTa
warwymedisaTa, romelTa
ara aqus sasoebaÁ nugeSi-
niscemisaÁ? romelTa sa-
xilvelTa itÂrTon xil-
vaÁ kacisa uSjuloÁsa da
RmrTisa uvaris myofeli-
saÁ? romelsa sityuasa Zal
uc miTxrobaÁ esodenTa
amaT WirTa ubadrukebisa
da ZÂrisaTaÁ? romelsa
hambavsa sikudilisasa, _
romeli esreT warswymeds
sulsa da Ãorcsa geheni-
asa Sina? romelsa mkudar-
sa, romeli ara utevebdes
nawilsa rasme nugeSinis-
cemisasa maxlobelTa TÂs-
Ta queyanisasa? romliTa
ganvagdo glovaÁ da mci-
red raÁme nugeSinis ce- 1 Sd. I korin. 7,15.
331
mul iqmnes suli Cemi? o,
raoden ars sabrÃÀ, r∼a
sxuaTa zeda uaRresobaÁ
sulTqumisaÁ vcna! vin ars
brZeni da mecnieri, romel-
man gulis xma yos povnaÁ
ÃsnisaÁ amaT SemTxuevadTaÁ,
vin, kacno, miTxarT! raÁsa
ufalo dasdeg Sors da
ugulebels hyav mÃevali
Seni Jamsa oden Wirisasa
da ganwirvisa da ZÂrisa-
sa? rameTu ara sadaÁT
ars nugeSinis cemaÁ, gar-
na RmrTisagan. arca zeda-
mdgomelni, arca moyuas-
ni, arca sayuarelni, ar-
ca monani, arca mÃevalni,
arca saxleulni, arca
ucxoni, arca mwirni, ar-
ca Sorielni, arca max-
lobelni da arca vin qu-
eynierTaganni. warwymda sar-
wmunoebaÁ, warikueTa [da]
dailia yoveli sasoebaÁ
Cemi kacTa da queyanisa-
gan, garna moveli Rmer-
Tsa yovlisa mpyrobelsa,
romelman Semixvios me da
momcnes me frTeni, viTar-
ca tredisani, raÁTa gan-
fenilTa frTeTa mier da
madliTa sulisa wmidisa-
ÁTa ganveSoro [da] ganvi-
sueno udabnosa Sina, r∼a
momces Zali moRebad ze-
gardamoÁsa maT zrunvaTa
da ganfrTxobad mcired
raÁme aRZrulisa SfoTi-
sa, viTarca TÂT uwyis
332
TÂsiTa sibrZniTa da kac-
TmoyuarebiTa; da me mzad
var micemad Tavisa Cemisa
cixeTa da borkilTa da
yovelTa tanjvaTa, r∼iTa
maWirvebs me uSjuloÁ da
uvaris myofeli igi, ra-
ÁTa RmrTiTa vcxovnde da
movkude saxelisa misisa-
TÂs da ara dauteo Sju-
li wmidaTa maT mamaTa
CemTaÁ, somexTa ganmanaT-
lebelTaÁ, da ara Sevirye
winaaRmdgomTa CemTa wina-
Se, romelni aRiWurvian
winaSe sulisa Cemisa da
Sjulisa mis WeSmaritisa,
romeli mamisa da Zisa da
sulisa wmidisa [ars] aR-
saarebaÁ, da Tayuanis ce-
maÁ da didebaÁ, raÁTa
mtkiced da SeuZravad da
Seuryevelad vego [da] dav-
STe ZaliTa da madliTa
uflisaÁTa da uvaris myo-
felsa Tana ara veziaro
da arca Sevigino, aramed
qcevaTa siwmidisa da simar-
Tlisasa krZalul da
morCil veqmne moTminebi-
Ta mravliTa, sadidebe-
lad RmrTisa da saqebe-
lad uflisa Cuenisa da
macxovrisa iesu qristÀsa,
romelsa yovel-Ta kacTa
hnebavs cxovnebaÁ da mec-
nierebasa WeSmaritebisasa
moslvaÁ~.
da sxÂTa mravliTa si-
tyÂTa hgodebda sawyalo-
333
belad naSobTa muclisa
TÂsisaTa da mZÂnvarebasa
kacisa mis uSjuloÁsasa,
romeli moemarTeboda [da]
movidoda aRdginebad brZo-
lisa winaSe WeSmaritebi-
sa, da darwymad maxisa da
monadirebad mTxreblsa
mas Sina warwymedisasa co-
dvaTasa _ uvaris yofiTa
da arawmidebiTa _ wulTa
da asulTa sparsTa Sju-
lisaebr. da nugeSinis
scemda Tavsa TÂssa saso-
ebiTa miT RmrTisaÁTa da
gulis xmis hyofda, rome-
li igi fsalmunsa Sina
iTxrobis: `warewira nuge-
Sinis cema sulsa Cemsa,
moviÃsene RmerTi da vixa-
re~. da esreT ganaZliera
Tavi TÂsi [da] munTquesve
Secvala mwuxarebaÁ igi
mxiarulebad [da] Rmer-
Tsa hvedrebda yovelsa.
IV. maSin movida piti- IV. da vidre Cuen amas

axSi igi uvarismyofeli sityuasa Sina viyveniT,
sofelsa mas qarTlisasa, kaci erTi sparsi movida
saxlsa TÂssa. da mouwoda Sevida igi winaSe ne-
da episkopossa mas TÂssa tarisa SuSanikisa da ti-
da xucesTa maT, etyoda riliT ityoda: èseviTa-
maT vedrebiTa da niWi ri saxli mSÂdobisaÁ vi-
aRuTqua ufroÁs pirvel- Tar sawyalobel iqmna
Tasa keTilad. `nu ekr- da sixaruli mwuxarebad
ZalviT da nuca eridebiT gardaiqca!~. xolo zrax-
Cemsa uflebasa~, etyoda; viTa iyo igi varsqenisi-
da SesTualna mcnebani de-
Ta da zakuviT ityoda
doflisa mis mimarT moq-
amas da unda monadirebaÁ
cevad TÂsTa maT neba-
netarisaÁ mis. xolo wmi-
334
Tagan da damorCilebad daman man cna zakuviTi
nebaTa misTa da Suebad igi zraxvaÁ da misi da
didebasa [S∼a] soflisasa moizRuda Tavi misi mtkiced.
ufroÁs pirvelTasa. da Semdgomad samisa
dRisa movida varsqen pi-
tiaxSi. da uTxra spar-
sman man farulad da
hrqua: `me viTar micnobi-
es, coli Seni gandgo-
mil ars Sengan. da me ge-
tyÂ Sen: nu ras ficxel-
sa sityuasa etyÂ mas, ra-
meTu dedaTa bunebaÁ iw-
ro ars~.
da xvalisa dRe viTar
aRdga pitiaxSi, gÂwoda
Cuen xucesTa da mivediT.
da sixaruliT SegÂmTx-
Âna da gurqua Cuen: àw
nu ras meridebiT me da
nucaRa gZag~. da Cuen mi-
ugeT da varquT: `warswy-
mide Tavi Seni da Cuenca
warguwymiden~. maSinRa iw-
yo sityuad da Tqua: `ra-
Ása Ãel-iwifa Cem zeda
colman Cemman eseviTari-
sa saqmed? aw mivediT da
arquT, viTarmed `Sen Ce-
mi xati daamÃu, da sage-
belsa Cemsa nacari gar-
daasx, da Seni adgili
dagitevebies, da sxuad
warsrul xar~.
xolo wmidaman SuSa-
nik Tqua: àra Tu me aR-
memarTa xati igi da mem-
ca davamÃu. xolo mamaman
Senman aRhmarTna samartÂ-
335
leni da eklesiani aRa-
SÀnna, da Sen mamisa Seni-
sa saqmeni ganhryunen da
sxuad gardaaqcien ke-
Tilni misni; mamaman Sen-
man wmidani Semoixuna sa-
xid TÂsa, xolo Sen dev-
ni Semoixuen; man RmerTi
caTaÁ da queyanisaÁ aRi-
ara da hrwmena, xolo
Sen RmerTi WeSmariti uv-
ar hyav da cecxlsa Ta-
yuanis ec. da viTarca
Sen Semoqmedi Seni uvar
hyav, egreca me Sen Se-
uracx gyav. da Tu mrava-
li tanjvaÁ moawio Cem
zeda, me ara veziaro saq-
meTa SenTa~. xolo Cuen
ese yoveli miuTxarT pi-
tiaxSsa. xolo man gani-
wyo guli da ibrdRuen-
da misTÂs.
V. da igini miiwines da V. merme miavlina jo-

ZmaÁ[ca] mis pitiaxSisaÁ jik, ZmaÁ TÂsi, da coli
maT Tana, romelsa saxe- jojikisi, Zmis coli TÂ-
li erqua jojik. da crem- si, da episkoposi saxli-
loodes yovelni [da] hra- sa TÂsisaÁ da hrqua maT:
cxuenoda Tqumad mcneba- èsreT arquT: aRdeg da
Ta uvariT myofelisaTa. moved adgilsa TÂssa da
Semdgomad mravalTa go- nu egeviTari gonebaÁ gip-
debaTa da sulTqumaTa iw- yries! ukueTu ara, Tre-
yes sadame sityuad episko- viT mogiTrio~.
posman man da jojik Tqu- da viTar miiwines da
mulTa maT pitiaxSisaTa. Sevides winaSe dedofli-
xolo dedofalman man sa da mravalsa dasaje-
hrqua episkopossa mas mksin- rebelsa sityuasa etyo-
variTa ÃmiTa: `da Senca des mas, maSin wmidaman
336
magas hbrZaneba, SeerTe- SuSanik hrqua maT: `kac-
bad [Cemda] kacisa mis uS- no brZenno, Tquen keTi-
juloÁsa da uvaris myo- lad ityÂT, garna nu da-
felisa RmrTisaÁsa, da gijerebies, Tumca me mi-
eseviTarTa xara mswavlel, sa coladRa viyav. megona
viTarca goneba-macTuri? me, viTarmed igi Cemda
vaÁ Cemda ubadoÁsa, ro- movaqcio da RmerTi WeS-
mel nugeSinismcemeli Cem- mariti aRiaros, da aw me
da ara ipova. canT mzak- maiZulebT amas yofad! nu
vrobaÁ uSjuloÁsa mis, iyofin ese Cemda! da Sen,
romel saxiTa mityuvebs jojik, arRara Cemi maz-
me mTxreblsa mas warwyme-
li xar, da arcaRa me Se-
disasa! nu iwynarebT mis-
ni Zmis coli, arca co-
Tasa, romeli Ãelad na-
dirobs warwymedasa sul-
li Seni daÁ Cemi ars, ro-
Tasa, viTarca TÂT igi. melni mis kerZo da mis-
xolo me ara vscTebi sib- Ta saqmeTa ziar xarT~.
rZniTa, [romelsa] winam- hrqua mas jojik: ùwyi me,
ZRurad Cemda mivis simar- aw moavlinnes msaxurni da
TlÀ. ismine mociqulisa TreviT wargiyvanos Sen~.
swavlaÁ igi, romeli wi- xolo wmidaman SuSanik
naswarmetyuelisa sityu- hrqua: ùkueTu Semkras
asa mas moguaÃsenebs: gamo- da miTrios, mixaris, ra-
vediT Soris maTsa da meTu miT saxiTa iyos gan-
gamoeSoreniT, ityÂs ufa- CinebaÁ Cemi misgan~.
li, da arawmidasa nu Se- da viTarca esma ese
exebiT, rameTu romeli Se- misgan, cremloodes yo-
eyos meZavsa, erT-Ãorc arn, velni. da jojik aRdga
xolo r∼i Seeyos ufalsa, da cremliT gare ganvi-
erT-sul arn, xolo sada da. xolo wmidaman SuSa-
suli uflisaÁ ars, mun nik hrqua episkopossa: `vi-
aznaurebaÁ ars codvaTa- Tar metyÂ me dajerebad
gan. da me, ityÂs, Segiwy- Cemda, rameTu man RmerTi
narne Tquen da viyo me uvar yo?!~. xolo jojik
Tquenda RmerT da Tquen evedreboda da etyoda:
iyvneT Cemda Zeeb da asu- `daÁ Cueni xar Sen1, nu
leb, ityÂs ufali yovli- warswymed saxlsa amas sa-
sa mpyrobeli. xolo vina-
ÁTgan ese xarebaÁ gÂpyri-
es sayuarelno da zedam- 1 Seqmn. 24,60.
337
dgomelno Cemno, vin gan- dedoflosa~. hrqua mas
mawvalos me misgan, rome- wmidaman SuSanik: ùwyi,
li igi mÃsnel ars Cemi viTarmed daÁ var da
cecxlisagan saukunoÁsa erTgan ganzrdilni, xo-
da ziarebisagan uvaris lo magas ver vhyof, vi-
myofelisa mis, monadire- Tarmca mosisxleobaÁ iq-
bulisa eSmakisagan TÂssa mna, da Tquen yovelni
nebasa? da Cemda iyavn Tanamdeb iqmneniT~.
yovliTa siwmidiTa da si-
da viTarca friad aur-
marTliTa msaxurebaÁ RmrTi-
vebdes mas, aRdga wmidaÁ
sa cxovelisaÁ da yovelTa
da netari SuSanik da
ZÂrTa da vnebaTa Sewyna-
rebaÁ, romel mowevnad ars Tana waritana evangelÀ
Cem zeda uvaris myofeli- TÂsi da tiriliT esreT
sagan RmrTisa da mteri- ityoda: ùfalo RmerTo,
sagan simarTlisaÁsa~. Sen uwyi, viTarmed me gu-
hrqua episkoposman: `Tqu- liTad sikudild mival~.
mulni ege Senni keTil ese Tqua da warvida
arian, garna ese [Ãams] gu- maT Tana da Tana wari-
lis xmis yofad, viTar- tanna evangelÀ TÂsi da
med nu ukue umetÀs ris- wmidani igi wignni mowa-
xvad da Surad aRiZras meTani. da raJams Svida
da aRadginos ZÂri ZÂrsa igi taZarsa mas, ara daj-
zeda, zedamdgomelTa da da igi TÂssa mas galiak-
erTa, aramed aRdeg [da] sa, aramed senaksa Sina
moved, raÁTa mcired ra- mciresa. da aRipyrna Ãel-
Áme daSrtes mrisxanebaÁ ni TÂsni zecad wmidaman
uSjuloÁsaÁ mis~. egreTve SuSanik da Tqua: ùfalo
ZmaÁca mis pitiaxSisaÁ eved- RmerTo, arca mRdelTa-
reboda. da yovelTa aiZu- gani vin ipova mowyalÀ,
les da friad awyines ne- arca erisa kaci vin gamoC-
tarsa mas; daemorCila ne- nda Soris ersa amas, ara-
baTa maTTa da hrqua: `vyo med yovelTa me siku-
nebaÁ Tqueni. mec uwyi, dild mimiTuales mtersa
vnebani mowevnad arian Cem
RmrTisasa varsqens~.
zeda, aramed Tquen warve-
diT TiToeulsa adgilsa
da me mxoloÁ miteveT.
arca var marto, rameTu
ufali Cemi Cem Tana ars,
338
romlisa mosav var, da
ufali ars mwe Cemda da
me ara SemeSinos, raÁ mi-
yos me borotman!~
da aRdga da warvida
maT Tana da, Se-ra-vida
igi taZarsa mas, ara er-
Cda Seslvad senaksa TÂs-
sa, aramed saxlaksa er-
Tsa Seayena Tavi TÂsi da
ilocvida uflisa RmrTi-
sa mimarT da ityoda:
ùfalo RmerTo Cemo, Sen
gesav, Semiwyale me, Semi-
wyale, romel ege Semwe
xar umweoTa, warwirul-
Ta imedi, ugincoTa ginci
da mglovareTa nugeSinis
cema, aRSfoTebulTa Su-
eba, SeWirvebulTa lxena,
zRveulTa samarTali da
marTlisa moqmedi, sneul-
Ta simrTele da mwuxare-
baTa mxiaruleba, devnul-
Ta alagi, SemusrvilTa gan-
mamrTelebeli, urveulTa
farToeba, alqatTa sim-
didre, daglaxakebulTa mim-
cemeli, damaSuralTa gan-
sueneba, vnebulTa ganmaZ-
lierebeli, krulTa gan-
mtevebeli, menaveTa navT-
sadguri, obolTa mama,
uTesloTa Tesli, Senda
momarT mosavTa Sesaved-
rebeli da friadi sasoÁ.
momec me Zali da moTmi-
nebaÁ, gankrZalvaÁ uvaris-
myofelisa mis guliswy-
romasa, [r∼lsa moawevs]
339
Cem z∼a borotisa moqme-
debiTa, raÁTa dacul viq-
mne siwmidiTa da ubiwo-
ebiTa da WeSmaritiTa sar-
wmunoebiTa, r∼l mamisa
da Zisa da wmidisa suli-
sa [ars], rameTu Sen TÂT
uwyi, ufalo Cemo, viTar-
med siyrmiT CemiT codvaÁ
Cemi moviZule da Seuracx
vyav da Sjuli Seni Sevi-
yuare. moiÃsenen, kacTmo-
yuareo ufalo, monani Sen-
ni, mamani Cemni, romelTa
Tesli var me, [da] ro-
melTa Segiyuares WeSma-
riti RmerTi; da maTiTa
meoxebiTa Semwe me wyoba-
sa amas Sina, romeli me-
lis me da aravin ars Sem-
we Cemi, arca mamaÁ, arca
ZmaÁ da arca vinme sxuaÁ
maxlobelTagani, romel-
man guliTad da nebsiT
izrunos CemTÂs. Sen xo-
lo ufalo, RmerTo Cemo,
mamao da winamZRuaro, nu
ganagdeb mÃevalsa Sensa
safarvelTa SenTa da mo-
wyalebisagan, aramed mo-
mec me Zali aRsrulebad
srbaÁ ese Cemi SeWirvebi-
Ta [da] mimsgavsebiTa ma-
maTa maT CemTasa, raÁTa
maTisa nawilisaca da gan-
suenebisa mkÂdr viqmne. da
aw gesav Sen, romelman wmi-
daÁ hrifsime iÃsen mZlav-
rebisagan mefisa mis da
sircxÂleul hyav gmiri
340
igi. meca uRirsi ese gan-
marine mZlavrebisagan uva-
ris myofelisa mis, rame-
Tu Seni ars ZlevaÁ da Se-
niTa vsZlo. da Senda di-
debaÁ aw da mardis, amÀn~.
da aRasrula locvaÁ
igi [da] daSTa munve sax-
laksa mas sam dRe uWme-
li da usumeli. da suli-
eriTa sazrdoÁTa miT aR-
savse iyofvoda, _ daucx-
romeliTa fsalmunebiTa
da locviTa dRe da Rame.
VI. da mesamesa dResa VI. da Semdgomad ori-

viTarca serad mivides, wa- sa dRisa movida mgeli
ravlina ZmaÁ igi TÂsi igi taZrad da hrqua msa-
jojik da coli misi r∼a xurTa TÂsTa: `dRes me
mouwodon sersa dedofal- da jojik da colman
sa mas, da igi ara erCda.
misman erTad puri vWa-
da Semdgomad mravalTa
moT, xolo sxuasa nu vis
vedrebaTa da liqnisa si-
uflied Cuen Tana Semos-
tyuaTa warvida tiriliTa
da mwuxarebiTa. da aqunda lvad~. da raJams Semwux-
evangelÀ erTi mcire, ro- rda, mouwodes colsa
meli iyo winaprisa misisa jojikissa da inebes er-
wmidisa sahakisi, romeli Tad purisa WamaÁ, raÁTa-
Tana epyra da miT evedre- mca moiyvanes wmidaÁ Su-
boda idumal RmerTsa. da Sanikca. da viTarca mo-
arca geoÁ ixila da arca iwia Jami purisaÁ, Sevi-
sua saeSmakoÁsa mis seri- des jojik da coli misi
sagan, aramed mdumare iyo winaSe wmidisa SuSaniki-
cremliTa ÃsenebiTa aRnaT- sa, raÁTamca masca aWames
quemTa maT keTilTa RmrTi- puri, rameTu yovelni igi
saTa, da sulierisa Su- dReni uzmasa gardaevl-
ebisagan, romel iesu qris- nes. da viTarca metad
te [ars], nugeSinis cemul aiZules da ZliT wariy-
iyo. da aRdga da warvida vanes taZrad. xolo ge-
TÂssa adgilsa. moÁ ara raÁsaÁ ixila.
341
da pitiaxSi igi ufro- xolo colman jojikis-
Ás gulwyebuli aRimRura man miarTua RÂnoÁ Wiqi-
risxviTa. da viTarca da- Ta da aiZulebda mas, ra-
esrula seri igi da war- ÁTamca igi xolo Sesua.
vides [y∼lni] TiToeulsa hrqua mas wmidaman SuSa-
adgilsa, waravlina kua- nik risxviT: òdes yo-
lad da mouwoda mas. xo- fil ars aqamomde, Tumca
lo man ara ineba mislvaÁ. mamaTa da dedaTa erTad
maSin aRdga da warvida eWama puri?!~. da ganyara
TÂT ganmÃecebuli, da mo- Ãeli da WiqaÁ igi pirsa
iTrevda mas monebiTa ad- Sealewa da RÂnoÁ igi
gilsa mas. da igi RaRa-
daiTxia.
debda da ityoda: ùfalo
maSin iwyo ujerosa
iesu, Semewie me~.
da scemda mas kuerTxi-
ginebad varsqen da fer-
Ta sastikad friad, da ara ÃiTa TÂsiTa dasTrgunvi-
vis eZlo daSretaÁ ris- da mas; da aRiRo astami,
xvisa mis kacisaÁ. maSin da uxeTqna mas Tavsa, da
euwya Zmasa mas pitiaxSi- Cahfla, da Tuali erTi
sasa [da] movida da vera daubuSta; da mjiRiTa
uZlo dacxromaÁ risxvisa scemda pirsa missa uwya-
ZmisaÁ mis, aramed igica lod da TmiTa mimoiT-
SeuracxyofiTa devna adgi- revda; viTarca mÃeci mZÂn-
lsa TÂssa. da uridad da varÀ yioda da izaxda
uwyalod guemaTa ganafi- viTarca cofi. maSin Sue-
cxebda, vidre ara daSTa lad aRdga jojik, ZmaÁ
mas zeda adgili mrTeli misi, da ibrZodes, vid-
kuerTxiTa cemisagan. da remdis guema igica, da
idva igi viTarca mkudari kubastica Tavsa missa
da ara iyo ÃmaÁ sityÂsa moxeTqa da WiriT, viTar-
netarisaÁsa. da miiTuales ca kravi mgelsa, gamo-
igi mkudrad. da Tavad uRo ÃelTa misTa, da vi-
ganZÂnebuli aginebda Rmer- Tarca mkudari idva wmi-
Tsa da mamaTa misTasa. da daÁ SuSanik queyanasa ze-
Semdgomad mravalTa maT
da. da aginebda varsqen
guemaTa, viTar moaklda
Tesl-tomsa missa da sax-
da dauZlurda, brZana mun-
lisa maoÃrebelad saxel-
ve miTrevaÁ netarisaÁ mis,
saxid TÂsa, rameTu miiC- sdebda mas. da ubrZana
nia igi mkudrad. SekrvaÁ misi da borkil-
Ta SesxmaÁ ferÃTa misTa.
342
da viTarca mcired da-
re-scxra gulis wyromi-
sagan, movida sparsi igi
da mÃurvaled evedrebo-
da mas, raÁTamca sakrvel-
Ta maTgan ganeteva wmi-
daÁ SuSanik. da viTar
friad evedreboda, brZa-
na gantevebaÁ misi da se-
naksa erTsa SeyvanebaÁ da
krZalulad dacvaÁ misi
erTiTa msaxuriTa da ra-
ÁTa sxuaÁ ara vin Sevi-
des xilvad misa, _ arca
mamakaci, arca dedakaci.
VII. da viTarca ciskar VII. da viTarca cis-

oden iyo, aRdga da war- kar oden iyo, ikiTxa da
vida xilvad netarisa mis. Tqua msaxurisa mimarT
viTarca ixila [igi], vi- misisa, viTarmed: `wylu-
Tarmed cocxal ars, mcvelni lebisa misgan viTar ars?~.
ganawesna [da] brZana ara vi- xolo man hrqua mas: `ver
sa SetevebaÁ Seslvad mi- gansarinebel ars igi~. ma-
sa mamakacTa gina deda- Sin TÂT Sevida da ixila
kacTagan, raÁTa miTve vne- igi da daukÂrda didZa-
biTa mokudes; da sazr- li igi simsivnÀ misi. da
dod qrTilisa purisa da amcno msaxursa mas da
wylisa micemaÁ brZana. da hrqua: `numca vin Sevals
netari igi idva SeWirve- xilvad misa~. da TÂT na-
buli da hmadlobda ufal- dirobad warvida.
sa, romeli saxelisa mi- xolo me aRvdeg da mi-
sisaTÂs Rirs iqmna vneba- ved da varqu mcvelsa
Ta tÂrTvad da ziarebisa- mas: `me xolo martoÁ Se-
gan uvaris myofelisa mis
miteve da vixilo wylu-
iÃsna, viTarca TÂT suro-
lebaÁ igi misi~. xolo
da. da sasoebda amaT es-
man mrqua me: `nu ukue
reT qmnulTa, romeli sa-
didebelad RmrTisa aRes- cnas da momklas me~. da
rula. da Tavad pitiaxSi me varqu mas: ùbadruko,
ara misi ganzrdili xa-
343
igi saqmesa mis soflisa- ra? da Tuca mogklas
sa ganewesa. Sen misTÂs, raÁ ars?!~. ma-
da merme movida karisa Sin Semiteva me faru-
igi xucesi da evedreboda lad. da viTar Seved Si-
mcvelTa maT, raÁTa ixi- na, vixile xati misi dab-
los netari igi dedofa- Zaruli da gansivebuli
li. da Semdgomad mraval- da aReteve ÃmaÁ da vti-
Ta vedrebaTa ixila igi. rode. xolo wmidaman Su-
da mas ara eZlo dgomad
Sanik mrqua me: `nu stir
sastikisa simsivnisagan yov-
CemTÂs, rameTu dasabam
lisa sxeulisa da sisx-
sixarulisa iqmna Cemda
lisagan, romeli garemo-
debul aqunda. da viTar- RamÀ ese~. da me varqu
ca ixila xucesman man, wmidasa SuSaniks: `mibr-
tiroda mwared. da hrqua Zane da mogbano sisxli
netarman man dedofalman: ege pirsa Sensa da naca-
`nu stir CemTÂs, rameTu ri, romeli TualTa Sen-
TÂnier vnebaTa da yued- Ta STacuel ars, da sa-
rebaTa ara ganmarTlde- lbuni da wamali dagdva,
bis winaSe RmrTisa yove- raÁTa, he, Rame Tu gani-
li kaci da arca madli kurno?~. xolo wmidaman
macxovrisa daagdebs da SuSanik mrqua me: `xuces.
utevebs visme mowyalebi- magas nu ityÂ, rameTu
sa TÂnier, romelni esvi- sisxli ese ganmwmedeli
an mas amiTa tanjviTa ars codvaTa CemTaÁ~.
ganviwmide arawmidisa sa- xolo me mcired va-
reclisagan qmrisa uSju- iZule miRebad Wamadi,
loÁsa. da aw me mxiarul romeli moeZRuana samo-
var tanjvaTaTÂs, romeli el episkopossa da iova-
mewia me, raÁTa amiT tan- nes, rameTu farulad iRu-
jviTa mivemTxÂo keTilsa
wides da nugeSinis scem-
samkÂdrosa mamaTa CemTa-
des. maSin mrqua me wmi-
sa, romel qriste iesu
daman SuSanik: `xuces, ver
[ars]. da me amisa yovli-
Zal-mic gemoÁs xilvad,
saTÂs madlobaÁ Sevswire
rameTu ybani da zogni
da Sevswiro mas maradis~.
da xucesi igi evedre- kbilni STamusrvil ari-
boda netarsa mas miRebad an~. maSin miviRe mcired
Wamadisa, da mas daRaca- RÂnoÁ da puri davalbe
Tu eneba, aramed ara Zal da mcired gemoÁ ixila.
344
edva sastikTa maT guema- da me viswrafdi gamo-
Tagan. da merme ZliT mci- slvad. maSin mrqua me
red raÁme gemoÁ ixla. da wmidaman SuSanik: `xuces,
Semdgomad ravdenTame dRe- miuZRuanoa samkauli ese
Ta Seiqmna umjobÀs mci- misi? nu ukue iTxovdes,
red da ilocvida daucx- rameTu me amas cxoreba-
romelad dRe da Rame, sa arRarad meÃmarebis~.
sada igi Seayenes, da ge- xolo me varqu: `nu ras
moÁ ixila mcired qrTi-
iswrafi, iyos Sen Tana~.
lisa purisa da wylisaÁ.
da CuenRa amas ganviz-
maT JamTa oden moiwia
raxevdiT, movida yrmaÁ
SiSi sadaÁTme da Svilni
misni wariyvannes cixesa erTi da Tqua: ìakob man-
sadame. mihyvandes raÁ wi- da arsa?~. da me varqu,
aR mtkurisa mdinarisa, er- viTarmed `raÁ ginebs?~.
Ti igi yrmaTagani mdina- da man mrqua: ùwess pi-
resa STavarda da didi tiaxSi~. da me damikÂrda,
glovaÁ ewia pitiaxSsa mas Tu `raÁsame miwess amas
da sofelsa. xolo ne- Jamsa?~. da miviswrafe da
tarsa mas dedofalsa, vi- mived. da man mrqua me:
Tarca esma, hmadlobda ùwyia, xuces, me brZo-
RmerTsa da ityoda: `da- lad warval honTa zeda.
RacaTu ÃorciTa mokuda, da Cemi samkauli mas ara
garna suliTa ganera sab- dauteo, odes igi ara Ce-
rÃesa mamisa misisa uva- mi coli ars, _ ipoos
ris myofelisasa. da aw vinme, romelman gankafos
RmerTsa didebaÁ yovelsa igi. mived da momarTu
Sina~. xolo marzpani igi igi yovelive, raÁca raÁ
da aznaurni did-didni ars~. xolo me mived da
qarTlisani movides piti- uTxar wmidasa SuSaniks.
axSisa T∼a nugeSinis ce- xolo man ganixara fri-
mad misa yrmisa misTÂs da ad da madli misca Rmer-
daÃsnad glovisa misisa.
Tsa da yovelive momiZ-
da man waravlina dedof-
Ruana da mivarTu pitiax-
lisa mis mimarT, raÁTa
Ssa. da man miiRo Cemgan,
aRdges da movides sapyro-
biliT taZrad episkopo- aRixila da ipova yoveli
sisa, romeli iyo maxlo- gebulad. da kualad Tqua:
belad eklesiisa mis, da `mermeca ipoos vinme, ro-
dadges saxlsa erTsa mcve- melman ese Seimkos~.
345
lebiTurT, vidre marzpa-
ni da aznaurni igi did-
didni miiqcnen TÂsTa ad-
gilTa. da man sixaruliT
aRasrula brZanebaÁ igi
qmrisa uSjuloÁsaÁ. da igi
warvida mun [da] Tavsa
TÂssa mowesisa samosiTa
da gankargebiTa aCueneb-
da, ufroÁsRa guls mod-
ginebiTa, marxviTa da loc-
viTa, mRÂZarebiTa da crem-
liTa. da yovliTa ganaT-
lebuliTa wesiTa ixilve-
boda, vidre gancÂfrebam-
de yovelTa xilviTa ne-
tarisa dedakacisa mis axov-
nebisaÁTa, rameTu esreT
iyo ganZlierebul RmrTis
moyuarebiTa miT, romeli
ara daÃsnida mas Ruaw-
lisa misgan, rameTu yov-
liTa keTiliTa saqmiTa Sem-
kul iyo suli netarisa
mis, wmidaÁ, ubiwoÁ, Seugi-
nebeli, codvaTa moZulÀ,
marTali, WeSmariti, wrfe-
li, siwmidisa moyuarÀ,
qvelisa moyuarÀ, mdaba-
li, mSÂdi, morCili, yud-
roÁ, mowyalÀ, glaxakT-mo-
yuarÀ, stumarT moyuarÀ,
mmarxveli, mRÂZarÀ, mloc-
veli, mosurvÀ, crmlT-mo-
yuarÀ, Sromisa moyuarÀ,
saqmisa moyuarÀ, nayofi-
eri, swavlisa moyuarÀ, msme-
neli, ZÂr-uÃsenebeli, uSur-
veli, Tavdadebuli, ganu-
risxebeli, upovarebisa mo-
346
yuarÀ, vecxlisa ara mo-
yuarÀ, didebisa ara mo-
yuarÀ, aramed RmrTis mo-
yuarÀ, gulis Ãmieri, brZe-
ni, ganmzraxi, marTl-moq-
medi, RmrTis msaxuri, gan-
Sorebuli yovelTa ZÂrTa
saqmeTagan, [da] Rirsad
zecieri wodebisa hzrax-
vida da Rirsad qristÀs
saxarebisa ubiwoebiT cxov-
ndeboda, [da] warmarTvi-
da TÂssa cxorebasa.
da viTar miiqcnes did-
didni igi adgilTa TÂs-
Ta, miavlina pitiaxSman
man netarisa mis dedof-
lisa T∼a [vinme] xvewnisa
sityÂTa, raÁTa moiqces
eseviTarTa nebaTagan da
daemorCilos nebaTa mis-
Ta da aRuTqua niWi da
umetÀsi simdidrÀ da pa-
tivi, ufroÁs pirvelisa.
xolo man ara Tavs id-
va dadgromaÁ kacisa mis
uSjuloÁsa da RmrTisa
uvaris myofelisa Tana,
aramed samkaulni igi da
sapatioÁ samoseli TÂsi
miuZRuana pitiaxSsa mas
da SesTuala, viTarmed
`raÁ nawili uc morwmune-
sa urwmunosa Tana da raÁ
ziarebaÁ ars naTlisa da
bnelisa, da raÁ SeerTe-
baÁ ars taZrisa RmrTisa-
Ása roskipsa Tana?! aw me
vnebaTa amaT mier ganviw-
mide, romelni moawien Cem
347
zeda, Senisa TanamkÂdro-
bisagan da winandelisa mis
SeerTebisagan. me qriste-
sa Sevewire, rameTu arca
didebaman, arca pativman,
arca simdidreman da ar-
ca raÁme kacobrivTa saq-
meTa _ fufunebaman da
sitkboebaman _ SeuZlon
ganSorebaÁ Cemi siyuaru-
lisagan qristÀsisa, ara-
med tanjviTa vicvalo sof-
lisagan da didisa me-
ufisa maxlobelad dav-
dge da mier naTliTa aR-
vivso, romlisa mciresa
rasme aRTqumasa aqave Se-
viwynareb madliTa da kac-
TmoyuarebiTa uflisa Cu-
enisa da macxovrisa iesu
qristÀsiTa. aw esreT ve-
go [da] davSTe krZalu-
lebiTurT zraxvasa z∼a
simarTlisasa da ara dav-
jde saydarTa uSjuloTa.
raÁca gnebavs, yav, me gan-
mzadebul var mosikudid
saxelisa mis qristÀsTÂs
siwmidiT, vidre gardas-
lvad Sjulsa mas mamaTa
CemTasa~.
VIII. da miarTues Wur- VIII. da viTarca moiwi-

Weri igi da samkauli [da] nes didni igi marxvani,
miuTxres mas, raÁca raÁ mivida netari igi SuSa-
Tqua netarman man. xolo nik maxlobelad wmidasa
uSjuloman man pitiax- eklesiasa da iZia mcirÀ
Sman ufroÁsi risxvaÁ aR- senaki da mun daeyuda.
Zra da eqadoda tanjvaTa da iyo senaksa mas mcirÀ
SemTxuevasa netarsa mas sarkumeli da dayo igi.
348
mÃevalsa qristÀssa. da da iyo igi bnelsa mas
gulis wyromisa gamo ara Sina marxviT da locviT
Seundo, aramed aRdga Ta- da tiriliT.
vad [da] warvida da vieT- da hrqua vinme pitiax-
nime monaTaganni Tana wa- Ssa sakuTarman misman,
riyvanna. da mivida [da] viTarmed: àmaT wmidaTa
pova igi, rameTu ilocvi- marxvaTa nu ras etyÂ mas~.
da eklesiasa mas Sina da da viTar moiwia aRv-
ara uteva, aramed Sevida sebisa orSabaTi da movi-
[da] sca mas kuerTxiTa da pitiaxSi brZolisa
sastikad. da upyra Ãeli misgan honTaÁsa, eSmaki
TmaTa misTa da gamoiT- Txrida gulsa missa. da
revda gareT eklesiisa mis. aRdga, da mivida eklesi-
da ver vin Ãel-iwifa Seb- ad da etyoda episkopos-
mad da ganyrad mglisagan sa mas afucas: `gamomec
mis kravisa mis qristÀsi-
coli Cemi, rad ganmaSo-
sa. xolo xucesman erTman
reb Cemgan?~. da iwyo gi-
hrqua: `raÁsa egre scem
nebad da gmobad RmrTisa
uwyalod?~. da man mas ze-
da gulis wyromaÁ igi sastikad. xolo xucesman
dasTxia da sca xucessa erTman hrqua mas: ùfa-
mas sastikad friad. da lo, raÁsa egre iqm da
yovelman krebulman aRi- ityÂ egreT borotsa da
maRla ÃmaÁ, [da] tirodes agineb episkopossa da wmi-
zogad mamanica da deda- dasa SuSaniks risxviT
nica. x∼ man mihmarTa yo- etyÂ?~. xolo man uxeTqna
velTa guemad, viTarca mÃec- kuerTxiTa xucessa mas
man borotman da velurman. zurgsa da man verRara
da netari igi moiTria ikadra sityuad.
queyanasa Sigan, ekalTa da da egreT wmidaÁ SuSa-
ZeZuTa z∼a, qvaTa da qacu- nik TreviT moiTria Ti-
Ta. da merme ubrZana taZ- ÃaTa Sigan da ekalTa ze-
rad waryvanebaÁ da wu- da eklesiiT vidre taZ-
lil-wulilad daebZarnes radmde; viTarca mkudari
[mas] Ãorcni misni, r∼ mieTria. da adgild-ad-
iyo queyanaÁ igi ZeZvoan, gild que ZeZÂ daefina.
da sisxli damosdioda da TÂT ferÃni daidgnis
mas da queyanaÁ igi sis- ZeZusa mas zeda, da ku-
xliTa dasxmul ixilvo- bastni SuSanikisni da
da mxilvelTagan. Ãorcni wulil-wulilad
349
daebZarnes ZeZusa mas. da
egreT moiyvanes igi taZ-
rad. da ubrZana SekrvaÁ
misi da cemaÁ, borotebda
da ityoda: àha egera,
ara gergo Sen eklesiaÁ
Seni da arca zurgni ege
Senni qristianeni, da ufa-
li igi maTi~. da viTar-
ca sces kuerTxiTa samas
oden, ara raÁ aRmoÃda
pirsa missa vaÁebaÁ, arca
kunesaÁ. maSinRa hrqua wmi-
daman SuSanik urCulosa
varsqens: ùbadoo, SenRa
Tavi TÂsi ara Seiwyale
da gansdeg RmrTisagan,
Sen memca Semiwyalea?~.
da viTarca ixila did-
Zali igi sisxli, romel
damosdioda CCÂlTa maT
ÃorcTa misTa, maSin ub-
rZana dadebad jaWÂ qed-
sa missa. da ubrZana se-
nakapansa erTsa, raÁTa
wariyvanon wmidaÁ SuSa-
nik cixed, da sapyrobi-
lesa bnelsa Seayenon igi
da mokudes.
IX. da viTarca miiwia IX. diakoni vinme erTi

taZrad uSjuloÁ igi, ku- mis episkoposisaÁ dga
alad guemasa ganamrav- wmidisa SuSanikis Tana
lebda ufroÁsRa pirvel- mas Jamsa, romelsa gamoh-
Tasa. xolo netari igi yvanda igi taZriT, da
mÃevali qristÀsi ara ras unda, raÁTamca hrqua, Tu
RaRadebda, aramed misca `mtkiced deg!~. da Tuali
Tavi TÂsi RmerTsa da hkida pitiaxSman, sxuaÁ
moTminebasa, da dga didi- verRa raÁ scalda sityu-
350
Ta ZaliTa da arad miiC- ad, esTen oden hrqua:
nia TrevaÁ igi, arca ku- `mtki...~ da dadumna xo-
erTxiTa guemaÁ. egreca sa- lo da sivltolad iwyo
moseli igi, romeli guam- swrafiT.
sa da Tavsa aqunda, Tre- maSin warmoiyvanes da
vaTagan gare mieRo. da mohyvanda wmidaÁ SuSanik
igi SiSuliTa TaviTa da uÃamuri da Tma-gardate-
dapatruliTa samosliTa vebuli viTarca erTi vin-
ifarvida Tavsa TÂssa da
me SeuracxTagani. da ver-
hmadlobda RmerTsa maT-
vin ikadra Tavsa missa
TÂs, raodenni SeemTxÂvnes
daburvad, rameTu pitiax-
mas. da uSjulosa mas
ara hrcxuenoda da arca Si igi mÃedr Seudga
swyalobda mas, aramed bo- ukuana kualsa missa da
rotisa mis zrzeniTa aR- aginebda mas mravliTa
mdgari, viTarca Ruari sas- ginebiTa.
tiki, hgonebda r∼a warer- da mividoda wmidisa
Runa [da] warekueTa ga- mis Tana amboxi mravali
naTlebuli qcevaÁ da siw- dedebisa da mamebisaÁ,
midÀ netarisa mis, da et- simravlÀ uricxÂ, rameTu
yoda: `Segewios Sen qris- ukuana Seudges, ÃmaÁ aRe-
te da eklesiaÁ igi da maRla da tirodes, da
locvaÁ Seni da mamisa Se- iÃaÃdes RawuTa maTTa
nisaÁ, romelsa esav Sen~. da sawyalobelad das-
da Seukrna ferÃni da Txevdes cremlTa maTTa
Ãelni netarsa mas rkini- wmidisa SuSanikisTÂs. xo-
sa borkiliTa da wariyva- lo wmidaman SuSanik uk-
na sapyrobilesa da das- mohxedna ersa mas da
dva jaWÂ qedsa missa. hrqua maT: `nu stirT,
da ubrZana dasobaÁ ma- Zmano Cemno da dano Cem-
naTa rkinisaTaÁ kedelsa no da Svilno Cemno, ara-
da jaWÂTa mas zeda mik- med locvasa momiÃseneT.
rvaÁ. da dahbeWda jaWÂ da jmnulmca var me Tqu-
igi da borkili. engan amieriTgan, rameTu
da mcvelni daadginna
arRara mixiloT cocxa-
r∼a daicvan didiTa SiSi- li gamosruli cixiT~.
Ta da krZalviTa da ara da viTarca ixila piti-
vin uteon yovladve mis
axSman amboxi igi da ti-
Tana. da sazrdod misa
rili mamaTaÁ da deda-
qrTilisa puri da oden
TaÁ, moxucebulTa da
351
wyali brZana. da hrqua: yrmaTaÁ, mÃedr mimodas-
àw mxiarul iyav, rameTu devnin da meot hyofn
SeemTxÂe vnebaTa magaT da maT yovelTa. da viTarca
mwareTa tanjvaTa, rom- miiwines Ãidsa mas cixi-
liTa gtanjav Sen sikudi- sasa, hrqua pitiaxSman wmi-
ladmdis~. miugo netarman dasa SuSaniks: `Senda eg-
man da hrqua: `mxiarul den yofad ars ferÃiTa
var tanjvaTa maTTÂs, ro- SeniTa slvaÁ, rameTu
meli moawie Cem zeda da
cocxali arRara gamos-
aRvavseb daklebasa amas
lvad xar, garna Tu oTx-
SeWirvebaTasa borkiliTa
Ta gamogiRon~.
CemiTa siyuarulisaTÂs qri-
stÀsa, raÁTa Rirs viyo da viTarca Sevides
samkÂdrebelsa wmidaTa maT cixed, poves saxlaki er-
mamaTa CemTasa, romeli Ti CrdiloÁT kerZo, mci-
hyuedri maT da RmerTsa, rÀ da bneli. da mun Se-
ucxoÁ qmnili ege RmrTi- ayenes wmidaÁ igi. da ja-
sagan da mteri simarTli- WÂ igi, romel edva qedsa
saÁ, rameTu raoden SemZi- missa zeda, egreTve edva,
neb tanjvaTa, mmateb me da dahbeWda urCul[o]man
mxiarulebasa, romeli ara varsqen beWdiTa TÂsiTa.
warvals, rameTu sawuTo- xolo wmidaman SuSanik
ÁTa, amiT WiriTa simdid- Tqua: `me amas mxiarul
rÀ gardametebulisa mis var, raÁTa aqa vitanjo
didebisaÁ ganmemzada me, da mun ganvisueno~. xo-
romeli ara Seiryes uku- lo pitiaxSman hrqua mas:
nisamde, da Sen Seiwynaro `he, he, ganisuene!~.
Suris gebaÁ marTlmsaju-
maSin daadginna mcve-
lisa RmrTisagan dResa
lni mas zeda da amcno
mas moxilvisasa.
maT, raÁTa siymiliTa mok-
da urCuloman man ara
raÁ miugo, aramed dauk- lan igi. da esreT etyo-
Ârda moTminebaÁ da daT- da maT: `getyÂ Tquen,
menaÁ netarisaÁ mis. da ukueTu vinme Sevides mi-
dauteva igi miTve borki- sa mamakaci gina dedaka-
liTa [da] warvida mier ci, ixileniT Tavni Tqu-
sofliT pitiaxSi igi. enni, da colni da Svil-
ni, da saxlni Tquenni,
ubralomca var, raÁ giyo
Tquen~.
352
X. da Semdgomad samisa X. maSin gamovida ci-
dRisa movida karisa igi xiT. da mesamesa kÂriake-
xucesi da misca safasÀ sa mouwoda mcvelsa er-
mcvelTa maT, da Sevida Tsa, hkiTxa mas da hrqua:
winaSe netarisa mis de- àqamomde cocxalRa ar-
doflisa da ixila igi sa sawyalobeli igi?~.
borkiliTa miT, aRsavsÀ xolo man hrqua: ùfalo,
sixaruliTa da SuebiTa sikudild kerZo ufro
daucxromelsa fsalmune-
sagonebel ars vidre si-
basa, da hambors uyo bor-
cocxliT, rameTu SimSi-
kilTa netarisaTa da hnat-
liTa ufroÁs xolo mo-
rida mas, romelman esevi-
Tari moTminebaÁ saxeli- kudebis, rameTu ara ras
saTÂs RmrTisa itÂrTa miiRebs sazrdelsa~. xo-
[da] tanjvaÁ da borkili
lo man hrqua: `nu ra raÁ
Seiwynara, da hrqua: `ne- gglian, ute, _ mokudes~.
tar xar Sen dedaTa So- xolo me mravliTa
ris, WeSmaritad keTilisa vedrebiTa varqu mcvelsa
Zirisa keTili morCi gamo- mas da uqade WurWeri
sCndi; amieriTgan gnatri- erTi samisoÁ. da Zniad
den Sen morwmuneni nandÂ- Tavs idva SetevebaÁ Cemi
lve sityÂTa, rameTu sada mrqua me: `raJams da-
soebiTa miT RmrTisaÁTa Ramdes, moved Sen xolo
sZlie urCulosa mas, da martoÁ~. da viTar Semiy-
saxeli da suli daimkÂ- vana mcvelman man, da vi-
dre msgavsad wmidisa mis xile tarigi igi qris-
hrifsimÀsa, [da] masTanave tÀsi Suenierad viTarca
Senca gÂrgÂnosan iqmne yo- sZali Semkuli sakrvel-
velTa maT uflisa da ma- Ta maTgan1, da me, viTar
cxovrisagan Cuenisa iesu ver damiTmo gulman, vti-
qristÀsa~. hrqua netarman rode friad. xolo wmi-
man dedofalman: `me ara daman SuSanik mrqua me:
Rirs var gÂrgÂnTa da ne- `keTilisa amisTÂs stira,
tarebaTa mis wmidisasa, xuces?~. xolo mcvelman
romeli ara mieaxla kac-
man mrqua me: èseRa Tum-
sa urCulosa, aramed siw-
ca mecna, aramca Semogi-
midiTa ego da siwmidisa-
teve Sen~. xolo me viwye
TÂs wina ewyo [da] sZlia
borotsa mas, da uwmidÀs-
1 gamocx. ioan. 21,2.
ca iyofvoda wmidiTa sis-
353
xliTa TÂsiTa, wmidaTa sityuad da ganmtkicebad
maT moyuasTa Tana. xolo misa, ravdeni RmerTman
me mkÂdr viyav kacisa mis momca me sityuad. da
urCuloÁsa Tana da vSven vijmen misgan da warved
Svilni warsawymedelad da swrafiT vanad Cemda.
gansaryunelad qmrisagan xolo pitiaxSi Cord
mis bilwisa, daRacaTu mi- waremarTa. da jojik ZmaÁ
emadla [maT] embazi zega- misi ara daxuda, odes
rdamoÁsa mSobelisaÁ; da saqmÀ ese iqmna wmidisa
me simarTliTa aRvzarden SuSanikis zeda. da viTar
da mosav viyav RmrTisa, moiwia jojik, ukuana sdev-
r∼amca maxlobel iyvnes da pitiaxSsa. da miewia
uflisa wurTiTa da swav- mas sazRvarTa hereTisa-
liTa; garna ara iyvnes
Ta da evedreboda mas
Rirs, rameTu Tesl arian
friad, raÁTamca brZana
bilwisa. xolo Cemda ese
sakrvelTa maTgan gante-
raÁ ars, romeli tanjva-
Ta da rkinisa borkilisa- vebaÁ misi. da viTar fri-
gan ganvwmide, miaxlebisa- ad awyina, brZana ganteve-
gan uvaris myofelisa baÁ sakrvelTagan oden.
mis; da ese cxad iqmna yoda viTar movida jojik,
velTaTÂs, viTarmed Ãel- aRhÃada jaWÂ igi qedsa
Ta CemTa iyo ganrinebaÁ missa; xolo borkilTaÁ
tanjvaTa da borkilTa- ara Tavs idva wmidaman
gan, da sapyrobileTa da SuSanik vidre aRsasru-
sxuaTa iwroebaTagan, rom- lamde miTurT.
liTa mtanjvida me uva- rameTu equsi weli ci-
ris myofeli igi RmrTi- xesa mas Sina aRasrula
sa. da aw me ara var usa- da wesierebiTa saRmrTo-
soo mosavTa Soris, ara- ÁTa yuaoda: marxviTa, ma-
med zurgi Cemi mivec gu- radis mRÂZarebiTa, zed-
emad da Rawuni Cemni ce- gomiTa, Tayuanis-cemiTa
mad da Ãelni da qedi Ce- uwyinod da kiTxviTa wign-
mi borkilsa rkinisasa, da TaÁTa mouwyinebelad. ga-
piri Cemi ara mivaqcio sir-
nabrwyina da ganaSuena
cxÂlisagan, rameTu ufa-
yoveli igi cixe suli-
li ars mwe Cemda da me
eriTa miT qnariTa.
ara SemeSinos, raÁ igi mi-
yos kacman. aw esreT vic-
valo krZalviTa da sru-
354
liTa miT wesiTa da Sju-
liTa, ravden ars suli
guamsa Cemsa, raÁTa Se-xo-
loTu-vemTvxÂo wmidaTa
maT dasTa da Sevide sar-
TulTa maT naTlisaTa~.
xolo igi friad mxiarul
iqmna wmidisa dedoflisa
mis moTminebiTa [da] miiq-
ca vanad TÂsa da faru-
lad dRiTi dRe hmsaxu-
rebda borkilTa maT.
xolo pitiaxSi igi wa-
remarTa mxareTa maT Wo-
risaTa da ZmaÁ pitiaxSi-
saÁ ara iyo sazRvarTa
maT, odes meorÀ guemaÁ igi
da borkilni igi sastikni
moiwines wmidisa SuSani-
kis zeda. da viTar esma
Sewuxna friad, warvida
[da] evedreboda sakrvel-
Ta maTgan gantevebasa, da
mravalni dReni warÃdes
da ZliT daajera moZulÀ
igi RmrTisaÁ oden jaWuTa
aRÃdad qedisagan mis[isa],
xolo ferÃTaTÂs fuca
ara daÃsnad vidre aRsas-
rulamde misa.
da esreT miTve borki-
liTa da urviTa, siymili-
Ta, wyuriliTa da iwro-
ebiTa equsi weli sapyro-
bilesa mas Sina aRasru-
la. da equs wel ara das-
cxra Sjulisa mis gan-
krZalvisagan, romelsa Si-
na mÃnda da iRuwida mar-
xviTa da locviTa, mRÂZa-
355
rebiTa da cremliTa [da]
daucxromeliTa fsalmu-
nebiTa dRe da Rame, gu-
emuli Tavad da mwariTa
sakrveliTa, qrTlisa pu-
riTa da martoÁTa wyli-
Ta kmayofili. da marxva-
Ta Sina wmidisa aRvsebi-
saTa SÂdeulTa [Sina] ara
raÁsa gemoÁ ixilis, garna
SabaTsa da dResa kÂoiake-
sa eziaris Ãorcsa da
sisxlsa cxovelmyofeli-
sasa da mcired raÁme mxa-
li miiRis.*
XI. da hambavsa simÃnisa XI. da mieriTgan ga-

misisasa movidodes xil- niTqua yovelsa qarTlsa
vad mravalni mamani da saqmÀ misi. da movidodes
dedani, aRmTqumelni da mamani da dedani aRnaT-
msoflioni, smenad misgan quemTa Sewirvad da, raÁ
qcevaTa ubiwoebisaTa da vis uÃmda, miemadleboda
simarTlisaTa. da igi as- wmidiTa locviTa netari-
wavebda mravalTa dateve- sa SuSanikisiTa, romel-
bad soflisa amis da ra- sa moscemda mas kacT-mo-
Áca raÁ sofelsa amas Si- yuare RmerTi: uSviloTa
na ars, da Sedgomad wa- Svili, sneulTa kurnebaÁ,
ruvalisa mis cxorebisa.
brmaTa TualTa a[R]xilvaÁ.
da mravalTa uRonoTa loc-
viTa misiTa mosca ufal-
iyo vinme dedakaci er-
man moxedvaÁ: uSviloTa Ti sparsi mogÂ, romelsa
Svili, eSmakeulTa kurne- ganborebisa salmobaÁ aqun-
baÁ, sneulTa da pirad- da. da movida igi wmi-
piradTa salmobaTa simr- disa SuSanikisa. xolo
TelÀ, da y∼lTa SeWirve- igi aswavebda mas, raÁ-
bulTa nugeSinis cemaÁ. Tamca dauteva mogobaÁ
da kacad-kacadsa Tavisa igi da iqmna igi qristi-
ane. xolo dedakacman man
Tavs idva adre-adre. da
∗
Sdr. es abzaci aAXIV, 6-15. igi aswavebda dedakacsa
356
TÂsisaebr wyalobaTagan mas da etyoda, viTarmed
RmrTisaTa niWTa keTilTa `mived ierusalÀmd da gan-
mihmadlebda netari igi swmidne ganborebisa magis-
wmidiTa locviTa TÂsiTa. gan Senisa~. da man guls
da yoveli, romeli movi- modgined Seiwynara da
doda misda, sisavsiTa da waremarTa gzasa mas sa-
mxiarulebiTa miiqceoda; xeliTa RmrTisa Cuenisa
da idideboda mis mier iesu qristÀsiTa da gani-
saxeli uflisa RmrTisaÁ,
kurna igi salmobisa mis-
sadaca ganiTqumoda hamba-
gan. da viTar gare moiq-
vi mis wmidisaÁ.
ca igi sixaruliTa didi-
romlisaTÂs
dedakacica erTi sparsi Ta da moiwia munve, movi-
mogÂ saxelovani, ganbore- da igi wmidisa SuSaniki-
buli, romelsa ara epova sa madlisa gardaÃdad da
simrTelÀ mkurnalTa maT warvida saxid TÂsa sixa-
sparsTagan, movida hambavsa ruliT ganmrTelebuli.
mis wmidisasa da daugo
wmidasa mas dedofalsa
TÂsi igi SeWirvebaÁ da
iTxovda kurnebasa. xolo
netari igi etyoda: ùku-
eTu grwmenes RmerTi WeS-
mariti da dauteo Sjuli
sparsTaÁ, viTxov locvi-
Ta uflisagan da moiRo
kurnebaÁ, da scna Zali
didi RmrTisa CemisaÁ~.
hrqua dedakacman man spar-
sman: `mrwams RmerTi qris-
tianeTaÁ~. da brZana naT-
lis cemaÁ misi; da mun-
Tquesve ganwmidna ganbo-
rebisagan da adidebda
RmerTsa, da akurTxebda
RmerTsa, da aRiarebda yov-
lad wmidasa samebasa. ga-
nudga sparsTa mas Sjul-
sa da SeerTo RmerTsa,
romlisa mier pova krne-
357
baÁ. da uTxrobdes sakÂr-
velebasa amas yovelsa mas
queyanasa; da Tavadi de-
dakacica igi miuTxrobda
moguTa maT da moguTa
mTavarTa da did-didTa
maT sparsTasa sakÂrvele-
basa mas, romeli yo Rmer-
Tman netarisa mis dedof-
lisa mier.
XII. da viTarca esma XII. xolo wmidaman

ese yoveli pitiaxSsa mas, SuSanik nacvalad WiWna-
ganrisxna. da Semdgomad uxtisa saqmisa didiTa
oTxisa wlisa moiqca So- guls modginebiTa Ãel-
rieliTa gziTgan da mivi- Ta aRixuna daviTni da
da, sada dedofali igi mciredTa dReTa Semdgo-
iyofvoda; da meyuseulad mad asergasisni igi fsal-
did-didiTa guemiTa da tan-
munni daiswavlna, romli-
jviTa aWirvebda wmidasa
Ta igi dRÀ da RamÀ zes-
mas. ganrisxna da tanjna
knelisa mis meufisa mi-
da guemna mcvelni igi da
hrqua: àra mcnebiTa gam- marT saTnosa mas galo-
cena Tquen krZalulad yo- basa Seswirvida cremliT.
faÁ [da] ara visa Seteve-
da uTxres netarsa
baÁ mas Tana?~ miago maT- SuSaniks, viTarmed `Svi-
lni igi Senni miaqcina
ca guemaÁ sasikudinÀ, x∼
netarisa mis ufroÁsca mogobasa~. maSin iwyo Ta-
brZana SeWirvebaÁ borkil- yuanis cemad RmrTisa mi-
Ta S∼a sapyrobilisaTa.
marT tiriliTa didiTa
da Tavsa TÂssa que da-
marT scemda. sulT-iTqu-
na da Tqua: `gmadlob
Sen, ufalo RmerTo Cemo,
rameTu ivynes-ve ara Cemni,
aramed Senni mocemulni
iyvnes, viTarca gnebavs,
iyavn nebaÁ Seni, ufalo,
da me damicev saqmeTagan
mterisaTa~.
358
da me mived da vixile
wmidaÁ SuSanik damSrSa-
li da dabuSebuli tiri-
liTa. da rameTu moeZRu-
na wmidasa mas episkopos-
sa sazrdeli* da viTar
friad vaiZule, mcired
oden gemoÁ ixila da vhmad-
lobdiT RmerTsa. da vid-
re mun Jamadmde movidian
Svilni igi misni xilvad
dedisa TÂsisa; xolo ra-
Jams miaqcines da uvar
yves RmerTi, verRara ikad-
res xilvad misa, aramed
saxelica maTi sZagda
smenad.
XIII. xolo Semdgomad XIII. da merme moci-

amaT yovelTa vera Zal qulni movlinna pitiax-
edva nebaTa TÂsTa miwev- Sman da hrqua: ànu nebaÁ
naÁ urCulosa mas pitiax- Cemi yav da moved taZrad;
Ssa, romelTa ganizraxvi- ukueTu ara moxvide Sina,
da. sxuasa Ronesa mihmar- Cord wargce Sen anu ka-
Ta. merme pova dedakaci rad karauliTa~. xolo
erTi grZneuli da miT wmidaman SuSanik mihrqua
rudunebda missa daÃsnasa esreT: ùbadoo da ugu-
Suenierisa Sjulisagan. x∼ lisÃmoo, xolo me Tu
dedakacman man Tavs idva; karad anu Cord warmce,
da weliwadsa erTsa hbrZav- vin uwyis, Tu mun keTil-
da mas eseviTariTa saeS- sa rasme SevemTxÂo da
makoÁTa gonebiTa pitiax-
borotsa amas ganvere~.
Si igi da vera raÁ Zal
da gulsa etyoda pitiax-
edva qmnad, aramed ufro-
Si igi sityuaTa maTTÂs,
Ás ixilveboda igi RmrTi-
sa nebaTa gamoCinebasa. da viTar igi hrqua mas, vi-
amasaca Sina sircxÂleul Tarmed `vin uwyis, Tu ke-
da sakicxvel iqmna mor-
wmuneTa maT [m∼r]. ara das- *aq wydeba A xelnaweri.
359
cxra amaoTa zraxvaTagan, keTilsa rasme mivemTx-
daRacaTu viTarca manqan- Âo~, viTarmed `nu ukue
aÁ raÁme mtkicisa zRudi- mTavarTagansa visme eco-
sagan gare miiqceoda axov- los~. da mieriTgan ar-
nisa misgan. egreTve Svil- Raravin mivlina misa. xo-
nica igi aiZulna uvaris lo wmidaÁ SuSanik bo-
yofad da mogupetTa maT rotTa maT guemaTa da Tme-
mier daimorCilna da mad- naTaTÂs ityoda, raÁTam-
lsa miagebda mefesa mas
ca saTno eyo RmerTsa.
sparsTasa, raÁTa umetÀsi
xolo pitiaxSman gamo-
pativi moiRos misgan. da
arCia ZuZuÁs-mtÀ misi sa-
tanjvisa da sakrvelTa
kuTari, raÁTa moiyvanos
maT[TÂs] dedoflisaTa sar-
igi taZrad. da viTarca
wmunoTa mier [kacTa] me-
hrqua kacman man: ìsmine
fesa mas auwyebda, viTar-
Cemi da Camoved taZrad,
med àsuli vardanisi ars,
da nu aoÃreb saxlsa mas
romeli winaaRudga mefe-
Ta mefesa mas sparsTasa Tquensa~, hrqua mas wmi-
da amisa saxisaTÂs vtan- daman SuSanik: àrqu mas
jav da vguem mas sikudid- uRmrTosa, viTarmed `Sen
mde, rameTu ara daemor- momkal da marqu me: co-
Cila msaxurebasa RmerTTa cxaliTa ferÃiTa ara
mefisasa, viTarca mamaÁ mi- gamoxvide Sen magier ci-
si soflisa maoÃrebeli~. xiT~. xolo aw, ukueTu
SemZlebel xar mkudarsa
aRdginebad, pirvelad de-
daÁ Seni aRadgine, rome-
li urds damarxul ars,
garna Tu misa ver SemZle-
bel xar aRdginebad, ver-
ca Cemda SemZlebel xar
ganyvanebad, garna Tre-
viT gamiTrio~. da viTar-
ca miuTxres pitiaxSsa
sityuaÁ igi da man Tqua:
`nandÂlve vTqu ege!~.
da meoresa dResa Semo-
vinme-vida da hrqua wmi-
dasa SuSaniks: `keTilad
miuge mas sityuaÁ igi, ra-
360
meTu magiT saxiT egule-
boda Setyuvili Seni da
mas sxuaÁ zraxvaÁ gulsa
moeÃada siborotisaÁ Sen-
TÂs~. wmidaman SuSanik
hrqua mas: `da Sen Rmer-
Ti Zilsa Sina nu ggo-
nies1. romelman ganumzad-
nis sityuani pirsa kaci-
sasa, rameTu ityÂs TÂT
ufali: `me miugo sityuaÁ
Tquen wil2~.
XIV. xolo raÁsaRa XIV. da viTarca aRiv-

Ãams misTa borot goni- seboda meequse igi weli
erebaTa ÃsenebaÁ, romel- sapyrobilesa mas Sina,
man yovelsa Sina aRasru- jekma damaSuralobiTa
la codvaÁ? rameTu equs SromaTa maT Sina sim-
wel, daRacaTu mravalsa Ãnisa misisaÁTa seni sne-
daSura, vera raÁ uZlo ulebisaÁ moiwia mis ze-
Zlevad SurisgebisaTÂs Ta- da, romelsa igi winaÁs-
visa TÂsisa, da didzrax- war uRaRadebdi da vetyo-
vaÁ, daRacaTu viTarca Rel-
di, viTarmed `nu jekma,
vaÁ zRÂsaÁ kldesa scemda
rameTu daumZimeb Ãor-
equs wel, da stanjvida
cTa magaT zeda, rameTu
pirad-piradiTa gansacde-
liTa da iwroebiTa wmi- ver dagiTmon da merme
disa mas guemiTa, sapyro- verRaras SemZlebel iyo
biliTa, siymiliTa, wyuri- yofad raÁsme saqmed ke-
liTa, grZneulebiTa, gar- Tilsa egodeniTa magiT
na mÃnesa mas ara raÁ ev- ficxlad marxviTa da ma-
no amisa yovlisagan, ara- radis zedgomiTa da Ra-
med ufroÁsRa iRuwida same yovel daSuromiTa,
xelisaTÂs uflisa RmrTi- fsalmunebiTa da galo-
saÁsa. da emosa mas Sina- biTa~. da arcaRa mcired
gan ZaZaÁ da garegan pa- sada sca ÃorcTa misTa
lekarti antioqiisaÁ da
sasTauli mcirÀ xaleni-
saÁ [ucn] sasTunliT, da 1 Sd. fsalm. 120,4.
2 Sd. luka 12.12.
locvaTa wigni mcirÀ, uÃa-
361
mur iyo da sazrdod pu- gansuenebaÁ, da Seiqmna da
ri qrTilisaÁ da sasume- dadna viTarca avli.
lad wyali [aqunda] da xolo didTa maT mar-
ufroÁs mravalTa igi ars, xvaTa aRvsebisaTa erga-
romel TÂnier saWmelisa sisTa maT dReTa, equsTa
iyofvoda da yovliTa, ke- welTa Sina arca dRisi,
Tilsa Sjulsa wmidaTa arca RamÀ ara dajdis
maT mamaTa TÂsTasa sru- que, arca daiZinis, arca
li srulTa Tana, Seuracx saWmeli raÁ miiRis, gar-
hyofda ZÂrTa y∼lTa, rom- na dResa xolo kÂriakesa
liTa hbrZodes mas. da eziaris Ãorcsa da sisx-
zegardamoTa maT xilvaTa lsa qristÀs RmrTisa Cu-
mraval gzis eziara, ro- enisasa; da mcired oden
meli ganamÃnevebda mas
wueni mxalisa Seqmnuli
[da[ ganaZlierebda brZo-
_ igica mcired _ miiRis,
laTa Sina.
xolo purisa gemoÁ ara
ixilis, vidre aRvsebadmde.
da mier dRiTgan, vi-
naÁTgan pyrobil yves igi
cixesa mas Sina, sasTa-
ulsa zeda Tavi ara mid-
vis, garna alizi erTi
daidvis sasTunal. da qu-
esagebelad iyo girjaki
erTi Zueli da kacTa
Tualsa _ sasTauli er-
Ti xalenisa ucn sasTun-
liT kerZo. da Tayuanis
sacemelad kiliki erTi
mcirÀ que warugdebied, da
grwyili da tili mougo-
nebeli adgilsa mas das-
xmul iyo. Jamsa zafxu-
lisasa cecxlebr Semwu-
eli igi mÃurvalebaÁ mzi-
saÁ, qarni xorSakni da
wyalni mavnebelni, rom-
lisa mkÂdrnica mis ad-
gilisani savseni seniTa,
362
wyliTa gansivebulni da
ganyviTlebulni, dawer-
tilni da damWnarni da
damRierebulni, Caradovan-
ni, pir-msivanni da dRe-
mokled cxorebulni; da
moxucebuli ara vin ars
maT queyanaTa. da eseTsa
mas cixesa Sina equs wel
pyrobil iyo da mZimeTa
maT sakrvelTa Sina adi-
debda RmerTsa.
XV. da viTarca meSÂde XV. da viTarca meSÂde

weli dadgeboda guemaTa weli dadgeboda, moiwia
misTaÁ da sakrvelTaÁ da wmidasa da samgzis sa-
sapyrobilisaÁ mis, dasne- natrelisa SuSanikis ze-
ulda netari igi mougo- da wylulebaÁca ÃorcTa
nebelTa maT tanjvaTa da misTaÁ da daucxromelad
ficxelTa moRuawebaTagan, SromaTa maT gamo da-
romeli daiTmina wmidaman usivdes ferÃni misni da
mÃevalman qristÀsman ur- Txramli aRmosdioda ad-
CuloÁsa misgan. gild-adgild. da wylu-
lebani did-didni iyvnes
da matlica dasxmul iyo
wylulTa maT, romel igi
aRiRo ÃeliTa TÂsiTa da
miCuenebda me da hmad-
lobda RmerTsa. da Tqua:
`xuces, nu mZime ginC ese,
rameTu muni igi matli
udidÀs ars da ara moku-
debis1~. da me, viTarca vi-
xile matli igi, mougo-
nebelad didad mwuxare
viyav da vtirode friad.
1 Sd. mark. 9.44.
363
mrqua me risxviT: `xuces,
rad mwuxare xar? vidre
ukudavTa maT matlTa SeW-
masa, umjobÀ iyavn amaT
mokudavTa SeWma aqave am-
as cxorebasa~. da me mi-
uge da varqu: `ZaZisa sa-
moseli mciredRa Segera-
cxaa saguemelad? da aw
matlTa magaTTÂs mxiarul
xar!~ da man mrqua me qe-
nebiT. `nu vis Tana ityÂ
ZaZisa samoslisaTÂs cxo-
rebasa Cemsa, rameTu ad-
re yofad ars datevebaÁ
ubadrukTa amaT ÃorcTa
CemTaÁ~. rameTu Sinagan
ZaZaÁ emosa da ara vin
icoda Cemsa gareSe, xo-
lo garegan kacTa Tual-
sa antioqiisa palekarti
emosa.
XVI. da movida ZmaÁ igi XVI. da viTarca esma

pitiaxSisaÁ jojik da Ta- jojiks, viTarmed miax-
yuanis sca wmidasa mas niS- lebul ars netari dedo-
sa, romeli winaSe mis de- fali wmidaÁ SuSanik si-
doflisa [iyo]; da davar- kudild, warvida da Ta-
da winaSe wmidisa mis mÃe- na wariyvanna coli da
valisa qristÀsisa coli- Svilni da mona-mÃevalni
Ta TÂsiTurT, raÁTa ikur- misni. da mivida cixed
Txnen misgan. aRuarebda cod- xilvad sanatrelisa Su-
vaTa TÂsTa mravliTa go- Sanik martÂlisa. da vi-
debiTa da cremliTa da Tarca miiwia, mZlavr Se-
iTxovda mitevebasa misgan. xolo-vida da Tayuanis
da aswavebda igi, raÁTa Se-
sca patiosansa juarsa da
iyuaron simarTlÀ da mo-
moikiTxa wmidaÁ SuSanik.
iZulon usamarTlobaÁ; `da
yoveli saqmÀ keTili, ro-
Tana daujda da hkiTxvi-
da salmobaTa maTTÂs.
364
meli winaaRmdgom codva- xolo wmidaman man hrqua:
Ta ars, aRasrule, romeli `keTil var, viTar Rmer-
Sesawynarebel ars RmrTi- Tsa unebs, aramed yovel-
sa, romel ars nayofi si- Ta warsavalsa mas gzasa
marTlisa~. da Seiwynaro meca warval1~.
kurTxevaÁ RmrTisaÁ da wi- xolo jojik mswrafl
namZRuarTa eklesiisaTaÁ, da aRdga ze, pirvelTa maT
nucaRa scodeb Semdgomad uwesoTa saqmeTa aRuareb-
qvelis-moqmedebisa, raÁTa ar-
da da evedreboda wmida-
Ra geyos Sen ZÂri~ da sxÂ-
sa SuSaniks da etyoda:
Ta mravliTa dasajerebe-
`sZalo da mÃevalo qris-
liTa sityÂTaca wurTida
mas da akurTxevda. da war- tÀso, iTxove RmrTisa-
mogzavna igi adgilsa TÂssa. gan, raÁTa momitevnes me
mravalni Secodebani Cem-
ni~. xolo wmidaman SuSa-
nik hrqua mas: `Tu Sen
sxuad saxed yrmebr ara
raÁ hqmen, RmerTman mogi-
tevnes Sen~. da jojik
hrqua: `magis saxisaTÂs mo-
ved me Senda, raÁTa, ro-
meli igi ara raÁme saT-
no iyos RmrTisa, ara
vqmne~. wmidaman SuSanik
hrqua: ùkueTu ege egreT
hyo Sen, ukudav meqmne me
magiT sityÂTa da Rmer-
Tman SesZinen dReTa cxo-
rebisa SenisaTa~.
da merme, viTar Seat-
yua jojik, viTarmed mas
dResa ganvals wmidaÁ igi
ÃorcTa amaTgan, hrqua:
`makurTxe me da coli Ce-
mi, mÃevali Seni, da Svil-
ni Cemni da mona-mÃevalni
1 Sd. iesu navesi 23,14; III mef. 2.2.
365
Cemni, da, Tu raÁme Seg
codeT, viTarca kacTa sa-
wuTroÁsaTa da soflis
moyuareTa, mogÂteven da
nu moiÃseneb medgrobaTa
CemTa~. xolo wmidaman
SuSanik hrqua jojiks da
colsa missa: `hyavT war-
mdebad saqmÀ ese Cemi, ra-
meTu ara vin ipova kac-
Tagani, romelsamca aqun-
da wyalobaÁ da tkivili
CemTÂs, romelmanmca Seaje-
ra uRmrTosa mas sawuT-
rosa meuRlesa~. xolo
maT hrques: `Cven TÂnier
Sensa friad davSueriT,
garna ara iyo smenaÁ, ar-
ca sityuaÁ~. maSin hrqua
wmidaman SuSanik: `ganvi-
sajneT me da varsqen pi-
tiaxSi mun, sada igi ara
ars TualRebaÁ, winaSe msa-
julisa mis msajulTaÁsa
da meufisa mis meufeTaÁ-
sa. sada ara ars rCevaÁ
mamakacisa da dedakacisaÁ1,
sada me da man swori si-
tyuaÁ vTquaT winaSe uf-
lisa Cuenisa iesu qris-
tÀsa; miagos mas ufal-
man2, viTar man uJamod
nayofni Cemni moisTulna
da sanTeli Cemi daSrita
da yuavili Cemi daaWno,
1 galat. 3.28.
2 Sd. II tim. 4.14.
366
SuenierebaÁ sikeTisa Ce-
misaÁ daabnela da dide-
baÁ Cemi daamdabla. da
RmerTman sajos mis So-
ris da Cem Soris. xolo
me aw amas vhmadlob Rmer-
Tsa, rameTu tanjviTa mi-
siTa me lxinebaÁ vpoo,
da guemaTa da TrevaTa
misTaTÂs me gansuenebasa
mivemTxÂo, da ugulisÃmo-
ebisa da uwyaloebisa mi-
sisaTÂs me wyalobasa mo-
veli iesu qristÀs mier
uflisa Cemisa~.
xolo igini amas yo-
velsa sityuasa missa ze-
da tirodes mwared da
hrques: `mogÂteven bral-
ni Cuenni da guakurTxen,
wmidao mowameo da mar-
tÂlo sanatrelo qris-
tÀs RmrTisao~. xolo wmi-
daman SuSanik hrqua: `Rmer-
Tman migitevenin, romel
raÁ igi hyavT~. maSinRa
akurTxna jojik da co-
li da Svilni misni da
mona-mÃevalni misni da yo-
veli ezoÁ da palati mi-
si. da amcnebda slvad
gzaTa RmrTisaTa da etyo-
da, viTarmed. èse yove-
li cxorebaÁ viTarca yu-
avili velTaÁ warmaval
ars1 da daudgromel, da
1 Sd. fsalm. 102,15.
367
vin sTesa _ moimko1 da
vin ganabnia glaxakTaTÂs
_ Seikriba, da romelman
wariwymidos Tavi TÂsi,
man poos igi2, romelman
adida igi~. da ujmnna da
gamogzavnna igini mSÂdobiT.
XVII. moiwia Tavica igi XVII. merme, Semdgomad

episkoposTaÁ samoel da jojikisa, moiwia Tavi
iovane episkoposi xuces- igi episkoposTaÁ samoel
Ta T∼a da diakonTa, roda iovane episkoposi, mi-
mel igi iyvnes ganmamtki- sive moyuasi, romel igi
cebel da Tanaziar WirTa iyvnes ganmamtkicebel da
netarisa mis dedoflisa- didad damaSural, saxle-
Ta, raÁTa wargzavnon wmi- uliTurT TanayofiT iy-
daÁ igi didTa maT Sroma- vnes mona, da monawile
Tagan navTsadgurisa mis iyvnes da Tanaziar Sro-
mimarT qristÀsisa. egreT- maTa misTa, madlobiT
ve did-didni aznaurnica
warhgzavnides navTsadgu-
da aznaurni da dedofal-
risa mis mimarT qristÀ-
ni da sxuanica zepurni
soflisa mis qarTlisani,
sisa. msgavsad misve sa-
raÁTa monawile iyvnen war- xisa aznaurni did-didni
gzavnasa da kurTxevasa da zepurni dedani, azna-
netarisa mis SuSanikissa. urni da uaznoni sofli-
da iTxovdes yovelni sa qarTlisani movides. eg-
rkinisa mas borkilsa neS- reTve, romelni igi guls-
tad mosaÃsenebelad wmi- modginebiT monawile yo-
disa mis. da man hrqua: `me fil iyvnes SromaTa maT
ara var Rirs magisa, xo- misTa sanatrelobiT, vi-
lo RmrTis-moyuarebisa Tarca axovansa mÃnesa mih-
TquenisaTÂs geyavn Tquen vedrides qristesa.
viTarca gnebavs~. da akur- da Txovasa erTsa iT-
Txna yovelni TiToeuli- xovdes misgan yovelni
sa Rirsebisaebr da hrqua igi episkoposni da azna-
netarman man: `yovlad sav- urni erTbamad, raÁTa bor-
seman qristeman aRgavsenin
Tquen yovliTa sulieriTa 1 Sd. galat. 6,8.
kurTxeviTa da SuenierebiTa~. 2 maTe 10,39.
368
kili igi ferÃTaÁ brZa-
nos sacod da nakurTxe-
vad yovelTaTÂs, romli-
saTÂsca hrqua wmidaman
SuSanik, viTarmed `me raÁ
var, ara Rirsi ese? xo-
lo RmrTis-moyuarebisa
TquenisaTÂs xucesman aR-
avsen wadili Tqueni ma-
gis saxisaTÂs. xolo me
raÁme raÁ SemZlebel var,
aramed yovlad-savseman
qristeman aRgavsenin Tquen
yovliTa keTiliTa, ro-
melni ese CemTÂs moSu-
eriT da eziareniT vneba-
Ta amaT CemTa da WirTa
da tanjvaTa. xolo me, sa-
yuarelno, aha esera wi-
naganmzadebulsa mas gza-
sa warval saukunesa, Wi-
risa amis wil Cemisa qris-
teman mommadlos me sixa-
ruli, satanjvelTa amaT
wil gansuenebaÁ, guemaTa
amaT CemTa da TrevaTa
da SeuracxebaTa _ mivem-
TxÂo me didebasa da pa-
tivsa caTa Sina dausru-
lebelsa~. da igini jmnul-
ni, cremliTa savseni, Zle-
visa misTÂs didebasa
RmrTisa mimarT Seswir-
vides da gamovides ci-
xiT da warvides.
XVIII. egreca episkopo- XVIII. da moiwia dReÀ

sisaTÂs mis saxlisaÁsa igi wodebisa misisaÁ. da
mouwoda episkopossa mi-
369
madlsa miscemda, mowle- sisa saxlisasa afocs da
obisaTÂs, viTarca mamasa madlsa miscemda misa mi-
da mama-mZuZesa; da etyoda marT mowleobisa misisa-
dadebad Tavisa TÂsisa ad- TÂs viTarca mamasa da
gilsa mas, vinaÁca pir- mama-mZuZesa. Semvedra me,
vel gamoiTries; ùkueTu kaci codvili da gla-
Rirs var, ityÂs, magisa xaki ese. da Sehvedrebda
yofad~. neStTa maT ZualTa mis-
da esreT ijmna y∼lTa- Tasa da ubrZanebda das-
gan da akurTxna y∼li qris- xmad adgilsa mas, vinaÁ-
tÀs mimarT, madlobasa Zle- ca igi pirvelad gamoiT-
visasa yovlad wmidasa sa- ries, da etyoda: ùkueTu
mebasa aRuvlenda yovli- Rirs raÁme var ukuanaÁs-
Ta miT krebuliTurT _
kneli ese meaTerTmete moq-
miwevnad zecierisa, rom-
medi venaÃisaÁ1, iyveniT
lisada swadoda netarsa
yovelni kurTxeul uku-
mas, ganslvad SeWirvebi-
Ta queyaniT. da ilocvida nisamde JamTa~.
wmidaÁ igi RmrTisaÁ da da hmadlobda Rmer-
aRipyrna Ãelni TÂsni [da] Tsa da Tqua: `kurTxeul
Tqua: `gmadlob Sen ufa- ars ufali RmerTi Cemi,
lo RmerTo, r∼lman Rirs
rameTu mSÂdobiT mas ze-
da davwev da daviZine2~.
yav uRirsebaÁ ese Cemi, r∼a
da Sehvedra suli TÂsi
aRvasrulo WiriTa srbaÁ
Cemi. aw Seiwynare suli ufalsa yovelTa Semwy-
Cemi, romeli ege Semwyna- narebelsa.
rebel xar sulTa da Se-
moqmed yovelTa qmnulTa
da mÃsnel da macxovar,
Rirs myav me sayuarelTa
SenTa Tana miwevnad gan-
suenebasa karavTa magaT
saukuneTasa, romel gangim-
zadebies moyuasTan Sen-
TaT∼s, vinaÁca ganSore-
bul arian salmobani da
mwuxarebani da oxrvani da
yovelive, romeli sofli-
1 Sd. maTe 20,6.
sa amis nayofisaebr ars;
2 fsalm. 4.9.
da mcirÀ iwroebaÁ da bor-
370
kili da sapyrobilÀ ese
saxelisa SenisaTÂs Sevi-
wynare saTnod Senda. Semi-
wynare meca, wmidaTa maT
misagebelTa Rirs myav, ma-
maTa maT CemTa, sayuarel-
Ta SenTa, r∼lTa TiToe-
ulsa wessa gmsaxures Sen,
WeSmaritsa magas RmerTsa;
vkudebi [me] didebisaTÂs
wmidisa saxelisa magis Se-
nisa. da aw me raÁsa mivi-
Tulide Cemsa SeWirveba-
sa, odes madlsa kacTmo-
yuarebisa Senisasa vesav
[da] ÃelTa SenTa Sevved-
reb sulsa Cemsa?~. da vi-
Tarca ese Tqua wmidaman
man, Sehvedra suli Ãel-
Ta Sina RmrTisa yovlisa
mpyrobelisaTa. da yovel-
ni cremloodes da tiro-
des da SiSiTa didiTa
akurTxevdes ufalsa Rmer-
Tsa Cuensa.
XIX. da episkoposman XIX. da maSinRa mswrafl

man da yovelman krebul- moiRo sanatrelman man
man aRiRes guami netari- episkoposman iovane Se-
saÁ mis da ganbanes Ãeli- sagragnelad sudari wmi-
Ta patiosanTa dedaTaÁTa daÁ wmidaTa maT da pati-
da zeTiTa sulneliTa da osanTa nawilTa misTaÁ
sakumeveliTa, moiRes saÃ- da egreT sxuaTa maT aR-
mari da Segragnes wmidi- viReT guami igi friad
Ta mCuriTa. fsalmuniTa damaSurali da daWmuli
da kurTxeviTa, da galo-
matlTa, da ganvbaneT igi
biTa sulieriTa da mad-
matlisa misgan miwovani-
lobiTa, da sanTlebiTa
aRnTebuliTa dahkrZales
sa da Txramlisagan, da
ganmzadebulsa mas adgil- SevhmoseT mCuriTa miT. da
371
sa, viTarca amcno maT wmi- maSinRa episkoposTa maT
daman mÃevalman qristÀs- orTave, iovane da afoc,
man. da RamÀ yoveli kur- viTarca ÃarTa mÃneTa da-
Txevasa da didebasa Ses- uRlvilTa zesknelisa mis
wirvides ufalsa RmerTsa fasisaTa, yovliT krebu-
samxrisa Jamadmdis. liTurT fsalmuniTa su-
lieriTa da kerovniTa aR-
nTebuliTa da sakumeve-
liTa sulneliTa aRvi-
xueniT patiosanni Zual-
ni da gamovixueniT wmida-
sa mas eklesiasa. da dav-
hkrZaleniT wmidani igi
da didebulni da pativ-
cemulni nawilni wmidisa
SuSanikisni ganmzadebul-
sa mas adgilsa. da mas
Ramesa angelozTa saxed
RamÀ igi ganvaTieT da
daviTis qnariTa miT yov-
lad Zliersa RmerTsa da
Zesa missa ufalsa Cuensa
iesu qristesa vadidebdiT,
romeli yovliTa yovel-
Ta mimarT SemZlebel ars1
da ganamÃnnis mamanica da
dedanica da TÂsTa maT
TÂsi igi Zlierebisa Zle-
vaÁ mihmadlis yovelTa,
romelni eZieben mas er-
TiTa guliTa.
XX. da merme wirvaÁ XX. da ars dasabami

Sewires da dResaswauli tanjvaTa maT wmidisa
didi aRasrules, dRÀ aR- SuSanikisTaÁ TTuesa ap-
srulebisa wmidisa SuSa- nisisasa, mervesa TTÂsasa
nikisa, aTCÂdmetsa sTuli-
sa TTÂsasa. da daaweses
1 Sd. I kor. 12.6.
wliTi wlad r∼a aRasru-
372
lon saÃsenebeli wmidisa da dResa oTxSabaTsa. da
mis simravliTa erisaÁTa meored guemaÁ misi Sem-
sadidebelad da saqebelad dgomad aRvsebisa zatik-
yovlad wmidisa samebisa sa, dResa orSabaTsa. da
da kurnebasa ara mcired- kualad tanjvaÁ vardobi-
sa hyofda ufali meoxebi- sa TTuesa aTcxrametsa.
Ta wmidisa mis dedoflisaÁTa. da aRsrulebaÁ misi TTu-
ese ars warmoCinebaÁ esa okdonbersa aTCÂdmet-
simÃnisaÁ wmidisa mis Su-
sa, saÃsenebelsa wmidaTa
Sanikisi, romeli mamasa
maT da sanatrelTa mowa-
da Zesa da wmidasa sulsa
meTa kozman da damianÀs-
esreT Seewira da esreT
qristÀs maxlobel iqmna, Ta. da dRe xuTSabaTi
da esreT sulisa mis wmi- iyo, romelsa ganvaweseT
disa savanÀ da sayofeli saÃsenebeli wmidisa Su-
ipova [da] aResrula sadi- Sanikisi sadidebelad da
debelad yovlad wmidisa saqebelad RmrTisa, mami-
samebisa; da dauWnobeli- sa da Zisa da sulisa wmi-
Ta gÂrgÂniTa didebisaÁTa disa, romlisa Suenis di-
Seimko yovelTa wmidaTa debaÁ ukuniTi ukunisamde,
Tana, qriste iesuÁsda, uf- amÀn.
lisa Cuenisada, romelsa
hSuenis didebaÁ, Ãelmwi-
febaÁ da pativi mamiTurT
da yovlad wmidiTa suli-
TurT, aw da maradis da
ukuniTi ukunisamde, amÀn.
373
374

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SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis

Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature

The Martyrdom of Saint Shushanik

and the Early Christian Culture

saredaqcio kolegia: Editorial Board:

darejan menabde Darejan Menabde

Irma Ratiani, Maka Elbakidze, Manana Kvachantiradze, Gaga Lomidze,

garekanze: zurab samxaraZis naxati `iakob curtaveli~

kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa TinaTin duglaZisa

© SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti

redaqciis misamarTi: 0108, Tbilisi, merab kostavas q. # 5.

„SuSanikis wameba“ _ bibliografia.

`SuSanikis wameba~ ucxour enebze

`wamebaÁ wmidisa SuSanikisi dedoflisaÁ~

iakob xucess ekuTvnis `wamebaÁ wmidisa SuSanikisi de-

1 rogorc s. gorgaZe fiqrobda, gv.25.

martvilobis wignTa Sinaarsisa da kompoziciis

mas Semdeg, rac SuSanikis martvilobis wignTa teq-

iakob xucesis `wamebaÁ wmidisa SuSanikisi~∗

SuSanikis `martviloba~, rogorc mxatvruli nawar-

qronologiuradac da xasiaTiTac `SuSanikis wameba~

iakob xucesis `SuSanikis wameba~∗

V saukunis literaturuli nawarmoebis Sesaswav-

iakob curtavelis `SuSanikis wameba~∗

TxuTmeti saukunis winaT saqarTveloSi daiwera ro-

Rrmad var darwmunebuli, rom raRac saidumlo kav-

wminda SuSanikis xati

`SuSanikis wamebis~ Seswavlis istoria da

saqarTvelos istoriul teritoriaze, tao-klarjeT-

abulaZe 1938: iakob xucesi. martÂlobaÁ SuSanikisi. qarTuli

History of the Study of “The Martyrdom of

The scholarly study of “The Martyrdom of St.Shushanik” has a long

qarTuli hagiografiuli mwerlobis Zegli `SuSani-

redaqciebis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi

Txzulebam Cvenamde ramdenime redaqciiT moaRwia _

Txzulebis atribucia-daTariRebis sakiTxi

Txzulebis atribucia-daTariRebis Sesaxeb pirvel

Txzulebis teqstologiuri analizi gvxvdeba misi

Zeglis Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT didi mniSvneloba

abulaZe 1978: abulaZe i. `SuSanikis wamebis~ 1938 wlis gamoce-

From the History of the Historical and Source Studies

The discussed material of the given article obviously shows that

`wmida SuSanikis martviloba~ da

qarTuli mwerlobis istoriis dasawyisze msjelobi-

axali aRTqma 1991: axali aRTqma da fsalmunebi. bibliis Tar-

“The Martirdom of Saint Shushanik” and

The history of Georgian writing is generally regarded to begin with

istoria da agiografiuli Txzuleba

giorgi merCule Tavisi Txzulebis SesavalSi xaz-

aristotele 1944: aristotele. poetika. winasityvaoba. Targmani

History and Hagiographic Writing

Hagiography describes historic events, but it isn't historiography.

saRvTismsaxuro tradiciebi da terminologia

`SuSanikis wameba~ mravalmxriv aris sayuradRebo.

I. msaxureba da saeklesio tradiciebi

nebismieri sarwmunoeba gulisxmobs universaluri

pirveli epizodi, romelic CvenTvis sayuradRebo

saeklesio msaxurebis, kerZod, RvTismsaxurebis is

ziareba Svidi saeklesio saidumlodan (naTlisReba,