Form 1 History - Term3 2023 Ms

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Form One History- End of Term3 2023MARKING SCHEMESECTION A (25 MARKS).
1. Defne the ollowing terms?(2mk)a)History-
 is an account of events that took place in the past.
b)Pre-History- r
efers to the unrecorded history;those acvies that humans engaged in before wring and drawing were invented as ways of storinginformaon.
2. State any two arms o the government. (2mks)
Legislature(Parliament),Execuve, Judiciary
3. Disnguish between absolute and constuonal monarchy.(2mks)
In the absolute monarchy, the king or queen rules with absolute and total power whereas in a constuonal monarchy the king or queen has limited powers since they rule along with a parliament or a governing body
4. Which human species invented fre?(1mk)
Homo erectus
5. Name one sub-species o Homo Sapiens?(1mk)
Rhodesian Man, Neanderthal Man, Cro-Magnon
6. Ideny two hominids in the evoluon o Man beore the Australopithecus?. (2mks)
Aegyptopithecus, Dryopithecus Africanus, Kenyapithecus (Ramapithecus)
7. Ideny two theories that aempt to explain the origin o Agriculture.(2mks)
Diusion theory, Independent theory.
8. Name the two rivers that surrounded Mesopotamia. (2mks)
Euphrates, Tigris
9. What is the name given to the Maasai and Samburu? (1mk)
Maa Speakers
10. Name the Highland Nilotes in Mt. Elgon.
Tugen, Nandi, Sabaot,Marakwet
11. State any group o Bantu who circumcised boys only. (1mks)
Akamba, Abaluhya
12. Ideny two earliest visitors to the East Arican Coast? (2mks)
Greeks, Romans, Persians, Chinese, Arabs
 
13. Ideny two posive impacts o Portuguese rule on the East Arican Coast. (2mks)
 
The Portuguese built Fort Jesus at the coast in Mombasa in1592/3 which became a fortressand
 
Later a tourist aracon for centuries.
 
They enriched the Swahili language with an addion of 60 words e.g. emeza meaning tableand Pesa meaning money.
 
They introduced new crops from South Africa of which many have become staple diet for many
 
East Africans e.g. cassava, pawpaw, maize, oranges, sweet potatoes, guavas, pineapples and Mangoes
 
They made an improvement in ship building. During their stay on the coast, many architects came In from India and Europe.
 
There was establishment of closer trading links between the coast and India.
 
They introduced new farming methods for example they encouraged the use of cow dung as Manure.
 
They led to the coming of more European and Asian traders and crasmen especially thosewho
 
Helped in the building of Fort Jesus.
 
They broke the Muslim- Arab monopoly of the Indian Ocean Trade.
14. Ideny one earliest visitor to the East Arican Coast?(1mk)
Vasco Da Gama, David Livingston, Ludwig Krapf 
15. Name one rights provided in the Kenyan Bill o Rights? (1mk)
 
Right to life
 
Equality and freedom from discriminaon
 
Right to privacy Human dignity
 
Freedom from slavery,Servitude
16.Name one responsibilies o a good cizen.(1mks)
Every person has a responsibility to contribute to posive development in the country by workingHard and honestly, irrespecve of the type of work or profession one is in.b. Every cizen is expected to parcipate in the democrac process. One has the moral responsibilityto vote and even present him/herself to be voted for provided he/she fulls all the requirements of the posion.c. A responsible cizen should acvely contribute views on maers aecng the community. Thisincludes taking Part in naonal debates.d. A responsible cizen must be mindful of other peoples’ welfare. For example guiding visitors,assisng the disabled, the aged, children, as well as the less fortunate members of the society in ways in which they need the assistance.
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e. A good cizen should report law breakers, and even those suspected of having intenons to break the law to the relevant authories.f. A responsible cizen should ensure proper ulizaon of public and private facilies includingtoilets, water points, post oces, public telephone Booths etc. g. A responsible cizen must maintain high moral and ethical standards. One must refrain from telling lies.
17. What is Naonal integraon?(1mk)
Naonal integraon refers to the process by which various components of a naon are brought together into a whole leading to naonal unitySECTION B (45 MARKS)
Instrucons to candidates: Answer any three quesons from this secon in the spaces provided
18a) State fve ways in which the discovery o fre by the early Man improved his way o lie. (5mks)
 
The re was used to roast/cook thus he stopped eang raw food
 
Fire was used to provide warmth at night when it was cold
 
Fire was used to provide light in the dwelling/ sites/caves
 
Fire improved hunng as man could use it to push animals to conned areas thus kill them easily.
 
Fire was used to frighten animals from man’s dwelling places thus improved security
 
Tool making was improved through the use of re to harden sharpen ps of tools
 
Communicaon between people living at dierent places was made possible by the of re and smoke signals
 
Early man preserved food by drying it over the re
 
Fire enabled man to harden poery which was used for storage /cooking/ trade
b) Describe fve actors that led to the development o Agriculture in America beore 1800?(10mks)
 
European immigraon into the region led to populaon increase and demand for food.
 
European immigraon introduced new methods of farming
 
Introducon of new crops
 
Availability of slave labour to clear forests and to farm
 
Suitability of climate for agriculture
 
Presence of suitable soils for dierent types of crops
 
Selement of enterprising European emigrants who wished to make a living through agriculture.
 
Availability of indigenous crops
 
Use of river for irrigaon
19a) Outline 5 changes marking agrarian revoluon in Britain. (5mks)
 
The land enclosure system (fencing and hedging of plots), which replaced the Open Field system in 1750.
 
Mechanizaon, i.e. use of new farming methods, which required large farms as opposed tothe previous small strips.
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Abolion of fallows. Farmers could no longer leave the land fallow to regain its ferlity as was the tradion. Increase in populaon meant demand for more food, which required most of the land to be put to use.
 
Introducon of crop rotaon. Lord Viscount Townsend developed a four-course rotaon system called the Norfolk, which consisted of barley, clover, turnips and wheat on the same plot of land over a four-year period, by which land retained or gained but would not lose its ferlity.
 
The introducon of inter cropping. It was discovered that growing crops like maize and beans on a given piece of land at the same me enabled land to regain ferlity, since such crops did not require the same nutrients from the soil and they gre w well if planted together.
 
Use of ferlizer. This was pioneered by Lord Viscount Townsend, who recommended manuring of land to increase yields per hectare.
 
Use of machines. This changed agriculture from a small scale subsistence acvity to a large scale business for both subsistence and commercial purposes.
 
Selecve breeding of livestock. This was invented between 1725-1795 by Robert Bakewell.
 
Introducon and all-me availability of cale feed, which helped ensure supply of fresh meat all the year round.
b) Explain fve remedies to ood shortages in Kenya. (10mks)
 
Reclaiming more land would increase the area for farming thereby producing more food.
 
Adopng irrigaon which would ensure food producon throughout the year.
 
Government should formulate/adopt food policies which would give strategies of achieving food security in the Countries.
 
Encouraging farmers to grow food crops that are drought resistant,require lile rain tall.
 
Farm inputs/seeds/ferlizer/pescides should be highly subsidized in order to make them aordable to the farmers.
 
Storage facilies should be improved to minimize loss/wastage before and aer the harvest.
 
Modern/scienc farming methods such as arcial inseminaon should be pracced in order to improve agricultural yields. Transport infrastructure should be improved/constructed for ecient movement of farm inputs/produce to and from markets.
 
Encouraging agro-forestry which would ensure food producon alongside forestry.
20a) Outline fve reasons or the migraon o the Arican communies during the 19
th
 C. (5mks)
 
Hosle neighbours in their homeland
 
Succession disputes/ feuds/ family conicts
 
Search for pastured for their livestock.
 
Natural calamies such as drought/disease
 
Spirit of adventure.
 
Populaon pressure
 
External aacks
 
Outbreak of diseases
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