Isoterme Acetone

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 KoreanJ.Chem.En
.
2
(5),773-778(2006
SHORTCOMMUNICATIO
77
† 
Towhomcorrespondenceshouldbeaddressed. E-mail:shlee@pknu.ac.kr 
Comparisonofvaporadsorptioncharacteristicsofacetoneandtoluenebasedon polarityinactivatedcarbonfixed-bedreactor 
Min-GyuLee,Song-WooLeeandSeok-HeeLee 
† 
DivisionofAppliedChemicalEngineering,PukyongNationalUniversity,Busan608-739,Korea 
 Received24February2006accepted4May200
Abstrac
− 
Adsorptioncharacteristicsaccordingtopolarityofacetoneandtoluenevaporsoncoconutbasedactivated carbonwereinvestigatedbyusingafixedbedreactor.Singlevaporandbinaryvaporadsorptionofacetoneandtoluenwereconducted.Inthesinglevaporsystem,theequilibriumadsorptioncapacityoftoluenevaporonactivatedcarbowasfivetimeshigherthanthatofacetonevaporbecauseofpolaritydifferencebetweenadsorbentandadsorbate.Thbreakthroughcurveofacetonevaporinthebinaryvaporwasquitedifferentfromthatofsingleacetonevapor.Acetonadsorbedinthebinaryvaporwassubstitutedwithtolueneduetotheaffinitydifferenceduringadsorptionprocessanitsoutletconcentrationincreasedto1.6timesthaninletconcentration.Thetemperaturechangesinactivatedcarbobedduringadsorptionofacetonevaporandtoluenevaporoccurredinthetimerangesof10-30min.Thetemperature changeforacetonevaporadsorptionwasabout
C;however,thatfortoluenevaporadsorptionwasincreasedto3
maximally. Keywords:ActivatedCarbon,Adsorption,AcetoneVapor,TolueneVapor,BreakthroughCurve 
INTRODUCTIO
Enormousquantitiesofvariousorganicsolventshavebeenannuallyproducedfromavarietyofindustrialsources.Theemissiooftheseorganicsolventsintheatmospherehascausedharmfulef- fectsonhumanhealthandontheenvironment.Sincetheyaredirectlyrelatedtobothhumanhealthandenvironment,thereismuch publicconcernaboutwidespreadenvironmentalpollution.Thevol- atileorganiccompounds(VOCs)amongorganicsolventsarecriticaltoxicsubstances.Thesesubstancesmayhaveharmfuleffectonhumanhealthandcouldevencausecancerifpeopleareexposed foralongtime. Manymethodstotreattheseorganicsolventshavebeendeveloped.Theyareclassifiedintwobroadgroups:oxidationmethod andrecoverymethod.Oxidationmethodissimplytodestructthe organicsolventsintoharmlessmaterialssuchasC
and
O,buitisimpossibletoreusetheVOC,andthismethodisexpensiveanenergyexhausting.Inthiscontext,therecoverymethodisabletreusetheusedorganicsolventsandhasmanyadvantagesincludingorganicsolventrecovery,energysavings,andenvironmentallsafeaspect.Therecoverymethodstorecovertheusedorganisolventsintheairarecondensation,adsorptionbyadsorbents,absorptionbyabsorbingagents,ion-exchange,andmembranefiltratio[Kangetal.,2000]
Amongthesemethods,theadsorptionmeth- odisconsideredasthemostpromisingtechnologyinviewpointoorganicsolventrecoveryandenergysavings.Also,theadsorptiomethodisregardedaseffectivetechnologybecauseitispossibletseparateadsorbateselectivelyaccordingtoporestructureofadsor- bent.Inadsorption,theadsorptionefficiencyisgovernedbycharacteristicsofadsorbateandadsorbent.Therefore,itisveryimportantochoosetheappropriateadsorbentActivatedcarbonisoneofthemosteffectiveadsorbentmaterialsandiswidelyusedinadsorptionprocess.Thelargesurfacearea, welldevelopedmicroporousstructure,andrapidadsorptioncapa- bilityofactivatedcarbonprovideveryeffectiveperformancesforemovingpollutantsfromtheeffluentairstream.Manyresearchers havestudiedtheeliminationandtherecoveryofVOCsusingvariousactivatedcarbons[Hwangetal.,1998;Leeetal.,1999;Kietal.,2002].Popescuetal.[2002]studiedthebehaviorofadsorp- tionanddesorptionoftoluene,butylacetate,andbutanolonactivatedcarbons,andChiangetal.[2001]publishedtheexperimental resultsoftolueneaccordingtoporestructureofactivatedcarboandadsorptiontemperature.Harikrishnanetal.[1998]investigated adsorptioncharacteristicsofethylbenzeneaccordingtopressure andtemperature,andKangetal.[2000]publishedtheexperimentalresultsusingactivatedcarboninthebenzenerecoveryprocess. Kimetal.[2001b]studiedtheadsorptioncharacteristicsofbenzeninanactivatedcarbonfixedbedreactor,andKimetal.[2001a]studiedtheadsorptionofthreemajorsolventvaporssuchasn-hexane, toluene,andMEKontwopelletizedcommercialactivatedcarbons.Yunetal.[1997]studiedthedynamicbehaviorofnon-ideal gasmixturesinanisothermalfixed-bedadsorber.Butthesestudies weremainlyconcernedwithadsorptionofnonpolarorganiccompounds,andtheywerehardlyconcernedwithadsorptionofpolar organiccompounds.AlthoughHuangetal.[2003]andLeeetal[2004]studiedforacetoneandpolarorganiccompounds,theymerelestimatedtheequilibriumadsorptioncapacityandadsorptionabilityaccordingtotemperature.ButVOCsgeneratedfromplantsanfactoriesarecomposedofpolarandnonpolarorganiccompounds mixedwitheachother.Soadsorptioncharacteristicsbetweenpolar andnonpolarorganiccompoundswerethoughttobedifferentThepresentworkfocusesontheinvestigationoftheadsorptiocharacteristicsaccordingtopolarityofadsorbate.Thebreakthrougexperimentswereconductedasafunctionofinletconcentration andlinearvelocityofadsorbates,acetoneandtolueneusingacti
 
774M.-G.Leeetal
September,2006 
vatedcarbonfixedbedreactor.Thetemperaturechangesbyheat ofadsorptioninactivatedcarbonbedwereinvestigated.Competitiveadsorptioninthemixedvaporofacetoneandtoluenewasalso investigated
EXPERIMENTAL 
Coconutbasedactivatedcarbonwaspreparedintheparticlesize of8-12mesh,andwasusedasadsorbentasinthepreviouspaper [Limetal.,2005].Characteristicsoftheactivatedcarbonarelisted inTable1.BETspecificsurfaceareawas1,145
/g,totalporevolumewas0.41cm 
/g,averageporediameterwas19Å,andIodine numberwas1,100mg/g.Tolueneandacetoneof99.
grade,obtainedfromSamchunChemicalCo.,Ltd.,Koreawereusedasad- sorbatewithoutpurificationinthisexperiment.AdsorptionexperimentswereconductedbyusingtheapparatusshowninFig.1.Thexperimentalapparatusconsistedofvaporgenerationpartandfixed bedforadsorptionAdsorptionexperimentswereconductedat20 
C,andthefixed bedpreparedbyPyrextubeof16mminsidediameterwasused. Airfromanairpump(YoungNamYasunagaCo.Ltd.,LP-40Awasfirstfedtothebottlepackedwithsilica-gelinordertominimizetheeffectofmoistureduringadsorption.Acetonevaporand toluenevaporwerepreparedbyvaporizingacetoneandtolueneflowedoutfromsyringepump(ColeParmerInternational,U.S.A.,p- 74901-10).Vaporizedacetoneandtolueneweremixedthoroughlwithdriedairpassingthroughthemixingchambertosetupacertaiconcentration,andthosevaporsflowedintothebottomsideofthreactorandflowedoutfromtheupside.Theupsideofthereactowasconnectedtotheinjectionportofthegaschromatograph(GCDonamDS-6200).TheanalysisconditionsofGCareasinTable2. 
RESULTSANDDISCUSSIO1.EffectofInletConcentrationofAdsorbateonBreakthrough Curve 
Toinvestigatebreakthroughcharacteristicsaccordingtoinletconcentrationofacetoneandtoluenevapors,anadsorptionexperimen
Table1.Characteristicsofactivatedcarbon 
PropertiesValuMaterialcoconuParticlesize(mesh)8-1Iodinenumber(mg/g)1,10BETspecificsurfacearea(m 
/g)1,14Totalporevolume(cm 
/g)0.4Averageporediameter(Å)19.
Fig.1.Schematicdiagramofexperimentalapparatus
① 
Airpum
⑥ 
Adsorptionbe
② 
Dryingbottl
⑦ 
Jacket 
③ 
Flowmeter 
⑧ 
G
④ 
Syringepum
⑨ 
Vent 
⑤ 
Mixingchamber 
Table2.Analysisconditionsforacetonevaporandtoluenevapor bygaschromatograph
GCDONAMDS620DetectorFID(FlameIonizationDetectorOventemperature13
Injectortemperature25
Detectortemperature20
Flowrate(N 
:
:Air,ml/min)30:30:30
Fig.2.Effectofinletconcentrationofacetonevaporonbreak- throughcurve(linearvelocity:0.42m/s,activatedcarbon2g)Fig.3.Effectofinletconcentrationoftoluenevaporonbreakthroughcurve(linearvelocity:0.42m/s,activatedcarbon2g)
5
 
Adsorptioncharacteristicsaccordingtopolarity77
KoreanJ.Chem.Eng.(Vol.23,No.5) 
wascarriedoutat2
Cinthefollowingconditions:linearvelocit0.42m/s,inletconcentrationofadsorbate60,90,120ppmv.The breakthroughcurvesofacetonevaporaccordingtoinletconcentra- tionarecomparedinFig.2.AndthebreakthroughcurvesoftoluenvaporaccordingtoinletconcentrationarecomparedinFig.3.AshowninFig.2andFig.3,thehigherinletconcentrationofadsorbatewas,thefasterbreakthroughwas,andtheslopeofbreakthrougcurvewasgraduallyincreased.Also,thevariationrangeofbreakthroughcurveofacetonevaporwasnotlargerthanthatoftoluenvapor.InFigs.2and3,breakthroughtime(
)isdefinedastimwhenoutletconcentrationwas1
ofinletconcentration,andwhen outletconcentrationwas5
ofinletconcentration,itwasdefined asstoichiometricbreakthroughtime(
).Thebreakthroughtime, stoichiometricbreakthroughtime,andadsorptioncapacity(q)ac- cordingtoinletconcentrationobtainedfromFig.2and3werelisted inTable3.Asinletconcentrationofacetonevaporwasincreased from60ppmvto120ppmv,thebreakthroughtimewasdecreased from70minto30min.Andasinletconcentrationoftoluenevapowasincreasedfrom60ppmvto120ppmv,thebreakthroughtimwasdecreasedfrom330minto170min.Wheninletconcentration was60ppmv,theequilibriumadsorptioncapacitiesofacetonevapoandtoluenevaporwere54mg/gand294mg/g,respectively.And wheninletconcentrationwasincreasedto120ppmv,thatistwice concentration,theequilibriumadsorptioncapacitiesofacetonevapoandtoluenevaporwere74mg/gand349mg/g,respectively.There- fore,asinletconcentrationsofacetonevaporandtoluenevaporwere increased,thebreakthroughtimewasdecreased,buttheequilib- riumadsorptioncapacitiesofacetonevaporandtoluenevaporwere increased.Atthesameconcentration,theequilibriumadsorptiocapacityoftoluenevaporwas4.7-5.4timesthanthatofacetonvapor.Thisresultisexplainedbythefactthatallowableadsorbatmoleculesareincreasedasincreasingadsorbateconcentration;also, theadsorptionisfastasmuchastheincreaseofdiffusionvelocitandadsorptionvelocityintoporesofactivatedcarbon,sotimetreachequilibriumisreduced.Also,itwasthoughtthattheincrease ofadsorptioncapacityaccordingtoincreasingadsorbateconcentrationwasduetotheincreaseofconcentrationdifferences,thatis, drivingforceinmasstransfer[Hwangetal.,1998;LeeandYu,1998]
2.EffectofLinearVelocityofAdsorbateonBreakthrough Curve 
Toinvestigatebreakthroughcharacteristicsaccordingtolinear velocityofadsorbate,anadsorptionexperimentwascarriedoutat 2
Cinthefollowingconditions:inletconcentrationofadsorbat90ppmv,linearvelocity0.33-0.49m/s.Thebreakthroughcurves ofacetonevaporaccordingtolinearvelocityarecomparedinFig4.AndthebreakthroughcurvesoftoluenevaporaccordingtolineavelocityarecomparedinFig.5.Thebreakthroughtime,stoichio- metricbreakthroughtime,andadsorptioncapacityaccordingtolinearvelocityobtainedfromthesebreakthroughcurvesareshowniTable4.Asincreasinglinearvelocityfrom0.33m/sto0.49m/s,thbreakthroughtimesofacetonevaporandtoluenevaporwerereduced from70minto30min,andfrom340minto180min,respectively, butadsorptioncapacitiesdidnotshowthedifferenceas62-65mggand331-339mg/g,respectively.Thebreakthroughtimewasalso decreasedaccordingtotheincreaseoflinearvelocity.Thisresulwassimilartobreakthroughcharacteristicsaccordingtothechanges ofinletconcentration.Thisresultcanbeexplainedasthatthemore linearvelocityisincreased,themoreadsorbatesperunittimeare flowingintotheadsorptionbed,andthegasfilmonthesurfaceof activatedcarbonbecomesthin;thusmasstransfercoefficientofgas filmisincreased,andadsorptionvelocityisfast[KimandPark,2003
Table3.Effectofinletconcentrationofadsorbateonbreakthrough timeandadsorptioncapacit
Adsorbate
(ppmv)
(min)
(min)q(mg/g) Acetonevapor060070160050900501100612003009007Toluenevapor060330480290902503703312017027034
Fig.5.Effectoflinearvelocityoftoluenevaporonbreakthrough curve(Inlettolueneconcentration:90ppmv,activatedcar- bon:2g)Fig.4.Effectoflinearvelocityofacetonevaporonbreakthrough curve(Inletacetoneconcentration:90ppmv,activatedcarbon:2g)
5
 
776M.-G.Leeetal
September,2006 
Choetal.,1999;Jeonetal.,1996]. YoonandNelson[1984]proposedanempiricalequationdescribingthebreakthroughcurveonadsorptionasfollows: 
(1
WhereCisoutletconcentration(ppmv),
isinletconcentratio(ppmv),
isvelocityconstant(
− 
),tisbreakthroughtime(min), and
isstoichiometricbreakthroughtime(min)Theexperimentaldataobtainedfromtheadsorptionexperimenaccordingtoconcentration(Fig.2and3)andlinearvelocity(Fig.4 and5)wasappliedtoEq.(1)byusingnon-linearregression,and thecalculatedvelocityconstants(k 
)areshowninTable5.Theexperimentaldataandbreakthroughcurveobtainedbysubstituting thesevelocityconstantstoEq.(1)arecomparedinFig.2-5.AsshowinFigs.2-5,theempiricalequationofYoonandNelsonfairlyde- scribedthebreakthroughcurvesobtainedinthisexperiment
3.AdsorptionIsotherm
Generally,LangmuirandFreundlichequationwereusedasadsorptionisothermequation.Langmuirequationwasexpressedas follows: 
(2
whereqistheequilibriumadsorptioncapacity(mg/g),q 
ma
i
ththeoreticalmaximumadsorptioncapacity(mg/g),Cistheequilibriumconcentrationofadsorbate(ppmv),andbisanexperimental constantFreundlichequationwasexpressedasfollows: 
q=K
1
(3)
whereqistheequilibriumadsorptioncapacity(mg/g),Cistheequilibriumconcentration(ppmv),andKandnareexperimentalcon- stants. Theadsorptionisothermistoillustratetheequilibriumadsorp- tioncapacityatconstanttemperatureaccordingtoconcentrationoadsorbate.Adsorptionisothermsofacetonevaporandtoluenevaporcarriedoutat20 
CarecomparedinFig.6.AsshowninFig. 6,equilibriumadsorptioncapacitywasincreasedwiththeincrease ofconcentration.TheexperimentaldatainFig.6weresubstituted intoEq.(2)andEq.(3),andtheparameterscalculatedbynon-linearegressionmethodarelistedinTable6.TheadsorptionisothermofacetonevaporandtoluenevaporwellsatisfiedtheLangmuiranFreundlichequationaltogether.Thecorrelationcoefficients(r 
)be- tweentheseisothermequationsandexperimentaldataofacetone vaporandtoluenevaporwereover0.98inall.Maximumadsorp- tioncapacities(
ma
)ofacetonevaporandtoluenevaporcalculated byLangmuirequationwere117.2mg/gand362.9mg/g,respec- tively.Maximumadsorptioncapacityoftoluenevaporwasthree timesasmuchasadsorptioncapacityofacetonevapor.Thisresulcouldbeexplainedbyrelationshipbetweenthesurfaceofactivated carbonandthesevapors.AcetonemoleculehaspolaritybyuncovalentelectrondipoleofoxygenatomduetoC=Obondwithinitmolecule,buttoluenemoleculehasnonpolarityduetoC-Cbond betweenbenzeneandmethylgroup[William,2000].Also,because theactivatedcarbonusedinthisstudyhasnonpolarityandhydrophobicity,theadsorptionabilityoftoluenevaporwithnonpolarna- tureishigherthanthatofacetonevaporwithpolarnature[JeonanSeo,2002].Thisresultindicatesthatthenonpolarnatureofactivatedcarbondisplaysahighaffinitytowardnonpolarorganiccompounds. 
4.TemperatureChangeinActivatedCarbonBedDuringAd- sorption 
Whenorganiccompoundsareadsorbedonactivatedcarbon,thaccumulationofheatgeneratedduringadsorptionprogressmayset firetoanactivatedcarbonbed.Koetal
[1997]studiedtheheato
− 
(
------------------- 
  
ma
b
b--------------- 
Table4.Effectoflinearvelocityofadsorbateonbreakthroughtimandadsorptioncapacit
AdsorbateV(m/s)
(min)
(min)q(mg/g) Acetonevapor0.33070130060.42050110060.4903009006Toluenevapor0.33340450330.42250370330.4918031033
Table5.Velocityconstants(
)accordingtoinletconcentratio(
)andlinearvelocity(V
Adsorbate
(ppmv)
(
− 
)V(m/s)
(
− 
Acetonevapor0600.029430.330.03540900.033230.420.02821200.042970.490.0317Toluenevapor600.013800.330.0181900.018700.420.01871200.018500.490.0187
Fig.6.Comparisonofadsorptionisothermsofacetoneandtoluenevaporsat20 
CTable6.TheconstantsofLangmuirandFreundlichisotherm 
AdsorbatLangmuirFreundlic
ma
(mg/g)b
Kn
Acetonevapor117.20.013950.998.2792.1900.9Toluenevapor362.90.101200.98114.34.2540.9
5
5
5

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