PIP PIC001 Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Documentation Criteria (2018) - 1

TECHNICAL CORRECTION
August 2018
P&ID
PIP PIC001
Piping and Instrumentation Diagram
Documentation Criteria
PURPOSE AND USE OF PROCESS INDUSTRY PRACTICES
In an effort to minimize the cost of process industry facilities, this Practice has been
prepared from the technical requirements in the existing standards of major industrial users,
contractors, or standards organizations. By harmonizing these technical requirements into a single
set of Practices, administrative, application, and engineering costs to both the purchaser and the
manufacturer should be reduced. While this Practice is expected to incorporate the majority of
requirements of most users, individual applications may involve requirements that will be appended
to and take precedence over this Practice. Determinations concerning fitness for purpose and
particular matters or application of the Practice to particular project or engineering situations should
not be made solely on information contained in these materials. The use of trade names from time
to time should not be viewed as an expression of preference but rather recognized as normal usage
in the trade. Other brands having the same specifications are equally correct and may be substituted
for those named. All Practices or guidelines are intended to be consistent with applicable laws and
regulations including OSHA requirements. To the extent these Practices or guidelines should
conflict with OSHA or other applicable laws or regulations, such laws or regulations must be
followed. Consult an appropriate professional before applying or acting on any material contained
in or suggested by the Practice.
This Practice is subject to revision at any time.
© Process Industry Practices (PIP), Construction Industry Institute, The University of Texas at
Austin, 3925 West Braker Lane (R4500), Austin, Texas 78759. PIP Member Companies and
Subscribers may copy this Practice for their internal use. Changes or modifications of any kind are not
permitted within any PIP Practice without the express written authorization of PIP. Authorized Users
may attach addenda or overlays to clearly indicate modifications or exceptions to specific sections of
PIP Practices. Authorized Users may provide their clients, suppliers and contractors with copies of the
Practice solely for Authorized Users’ purposes. These purposes include but are not limited to the
procurement process (e.g., as attachments to requests for quotation/ purchase orders or requests for
proposals/contracts) and preparation and issue of design engineering deliverables for use on a specific
project by Authorized User’s client. PIP’s copyright notices must be clearly indicated and
unequivocally incorporated in documents where an Authorized User desires to provide any third party
with copies of the Practice.
Note: PIP PIC001, Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Documentation Criteria, incorporates symbols
previously published in standards owned and copyrighted by The Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation
Society (ISA). These are printed with agreement from ISA.
PUBLISHING HISTORY
November 1998 Issued March 2018 Complete Revision
April 2008 Complete Revision August 2018 Technical Correction
Not printed with State funds

TECHNICAL CORRECTION
August 2018
P&ID
PIP PIC001
Piping and Instrumentation Diagram
Documentation Criteria
Table of Contents
PIC001-B-003-1 – Appendix B-3 –
1. Scope ...........................................3 Driven Equipment Legend Sheet
PIC001-B-003-2 – Appendix B-3 – Heat
2. References ..................................3 Transfer Equipment Legend Sheet
2.1 Process Industry Practices ..........4 PIC001-B-003-3 – Appendix B-3 –
2.2 Industry Codes and Standards ....4 Vessels & Tanks Legend Sheet
2.3 Government Regulations .............4 PIC001-B-003-4 – Appendix B-3 –
Solids & Material Handling Equipment
3. Definitions ...................................4 Legend Sheet
PIC001-B-003-5 – Appendix B-3 – Fire
4. Requirements ..............................7 & Safety Equipment Legend Sheet
4.1 General ........................................7 PIC001-B-004 – Appendix B-4 – Typical
4.2 Format .........................................7 Details with Implied Components
4.3 Equipment..................................12 Appendix C – Example P&IDs
4.4 Piping .........................................18 PIC001-C-001 – Appendix C-1 –
4.5 Instrumentation and Controls ....21 Example Process P&ID 1
PIC001-C-002 – Appendix C-2 –
Appendixes Example Process P&ID 2
Appendix A – Detailed Equipment Labels PIC001-C-003 – Appendix C-3 –
PIC001-A-001-1 – Appendix A – Example Utility P&ID
Suggested Detailed Equipment Labels
PIC001-A-001-2 – Appendix A – Appendix D – P&IDs for the Hygienic
Suggested Detailed Equipment Labels Processing Industries
PIC001-DB-001 – Appendix DB-1 –
Appendix B – Legend Sheets Hygienic Process Piping Legend
PIC001-B-001 – Appendix B-1 – Typical Sheet
Piping Legend Sheet PIC001-DB-003 – Appendix DB-3 –
PIC001-B-002 – Appendix B-2 – Typical Hygienic Process Equipment Legend
Instrumentation Legend Sheet Sheet
Process Industry Practices Page 1 of 60

PIC001-DC-001 – Appendix DC-1 – PIC001-DC-003 – Appendix DC-3 –
Hygienic Process Example Process Hygienic Process Example Process
P&ID 1 P&ID 3
PIC001-DC-002 – Appendix DC-2 –
Hygienic Process Example Process
P&ID 2

PIP PIC001 TECHNICAL CORRECTION
Piping and Instrumentation Diagram Documentation Criteria August 2018
1. Scope
This Practice provides requirements for designers preparing Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams
(P&IDs). This Practice describes the requirements for P&ID format and content. The Practice is
independent of time in a facility life cycle and encompasses design, construction, operations, and
maintenance.
This Practice covers the generation of new P&IDs and does not apply to the revision of existing P&IDs.
This Practice also applies to P&IDs provided by packaged equipment vendors.
This Practice applies to all diagrams that fit the definition of a P&ID in Section 3.
The requirements provided in this Practice can be applied to any CAD system used for
developing the P&IDs and are not vendor, hardware, or software specific.
This practice uses U.S. Customary units of measure for drafting dimensions. Line weights are
also given in metric units. Current PIP experience is that symbol sizes and drafting dimensions
are often based on U.S. Customary units even if the project design and labeling is in metric units.
All drafting dimensions could be stated in metric units at the discretion of the user.
The requirements provided in this Practice provide a balance between showing all data on P&IDs
and making P&IDs legible and easy to read.
Process specific overlays may be developed to define necessary additional requirements or exceptions.
The example P&IDs included in the Appendixes of this Practice are not intended to recommend
specific design details or requirements. Example P&IDs are included to provide an illustration of how
the elements of this Practice are combined into a P&ID.
Electronic native files for the text, symbols, and legend sheets are available to PIP Member
Companies for input to members’ CAD systems. Development of project-specific legend sheets is
recommended using the PIP native files as a starting point. Additions and/or deletions are allowed
to meet requirements. Legend sheet borders and title blocks can be altered.
Development of P&IDs has historically been led by the petrochemical, oil & gas, and specialty
chemical industries. While applicable to all industries, guidelines and practices have primarily
focused on these industries. In this revision, we have expanded the scope to include information
specific to developing P&IDs for the hygienic processing industries – pharmaceutical, food, and
beverage. While Sections 2, 3 and 4 contain requirements for P&IDs across all industries,
Appendix D contains content specific to the hygienic processing industry that supplements or
replaces that in Sections 2, 3 and 4.
If PIP membership grows to include other industries, it is anticipated that this Practice will
expand to have sections on developing P&IDs for the mining, power, pulp and paper, and other
industries.
2. References
Applicable parts of the following Practices, industry codes and standards, and references shall be
considered an integral part of this Practice. The edition in effect on the date of start of P&ID
development shall be used, except as otherwise noted. Short titles are used herein where
appropriate. This list is not all inclusive of standards and codes that may be used in the
development of a P&ID.

2.1 Process Industry Practices (PIP)

– PIP INEG1000 – Insulation Design and Type Codes
– PIP PCCIP001 – Instrument Piping and Tubing Systems Criteria
– PIP PCSIP001 – Instrument Piping and Tubing Systems Specifications
– PIP PNE00001 – Design of ASME B31.3 Metallic Piping Systems
– PIP PNSM0001 – Piping Line Class Designator System
2.2 Industry Codes and Standards
• American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
– ANSI/FCI 70-2-2003 – Control Valve Seat Leakage
• American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
– ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
Section VIII – Pressure Vessels
• The Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society (ISA)
– ISA 5.1 – Instrumentation Symbols and Identification
– ISA 84.00.01 – Functional Safety: Safety Instrumented Systems for the Process
Industry Sector
• Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association (TEMA)
– TEMA Standards
2.3 Government Regulations
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
– OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119 – Occupational Safety and Health Standards, Process
Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals
3. Definitions
accessible: A feature of a device or function, a feature of an interactive shared system function, or
a feature that can be used or seen by an operator for the purpose of performing control actions
(e.g., set point changes, auto-manual transfer, or on/off operations) (Reference ISA 5.1)
automated valve: Any valve with a locally or remotely controlled actuator. Examples are
throttling control valves and on/off block valves. Actuators are typically air-operated (diaphragm
or piston), electric or hydraulic, some with a spring-return function. Manually-operated valves are
sometimes tagged as automated valves (e.g., if a manual valve is fitted with position switches).
auxiliary P&ID: Used to show details to unclutter other P&IDs (e.g., lube oil system, sample
systems, instrument details)
Basic Process Control System (BPCS): Instrumentation and systems that are installed to monitor
and control normal production operations using, but not limited to, combinations of single-loop
pneumatic and electronic monitors and controllers, Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) and
Distributed Control Systems (DCSs). A BPCS is necessary to operate a plant or process. A BPCS
is not an SIS. (Reference ISA 5.1)

bubble: The preferred term for the circle-based symbols used to denote and identify the purpose
of an instrument or function. The bubble may contain a tag number. (Synonym for balloon)
(Reference ISA 5.1)
design pressure: Pressure used in the design of a vessel component together with the coincident
design metal temperature for determining the minimum permissible thickness or physical
characteristics of the different zones of the vessel (Reference ASME Boiler Pressure Vessel Code,
Section VIII, Division 1, Appendix 3)
fail closed (FC): Characteristic of an automated valve that causes the valve to close as a result of
specific malfunctions, including loss of signal or motive power (Reference ISA 5.1)
fail indeterminate (FI): Characteristic of an automated valve that causes the valve to move to an
unknown position as a result of specific malfunctions, including loss of signal or motive power.
Some automated valves will not stay at the last position upon failure and instead move with the
process differential pressure. Additional equipment may be needed to meet the definition of FC,
FO, or FL. (Reference ISA 5.1)
fail locked (FL) last position: Characteristic of an automated valve that causes the valve to remain in
the last (locked) position as a result of specific malfunctions, including loss of signal or motive power.
Automated valves may fail indeterminately without additional equipment. (Reference ISA 5.1)
fail open (FO): Characteristic of an automated valve that causes the valve to open as a result of
specific malfunctions, including loss of signal or motive power. (Reference ISA 5.1)
hand switch (HS): Any operator-manipulated discrete control device, including hardwired panel
switches and software points
heat exchanger type: Type designation shall be shell and tube, plate and frame, spiral, etc. For
shell and tube exchangers, use the three-letter designation describing stationary head, shell, and
rear end or head, in that order, in accordance with TEMA.
High Level Control System (HLCS): A system that provides sophistication above that of the
BPCS. HLCS functions are typically based in process computers or higher level hardware that
interacts with the process by manipulating set points in the BPCS. Examples of control functions
in the HLCS are statistical process control and model predictive control. An HLCS is not
necessary to operate a plant or process. (See also BPCS and SIS) (Reference ISA 5.1)
implied components: A drafting method where some components are not shown on a P&ID (to
reduce drawing clutter) but are known to exist. Implied components shall be shown in the legend
sheet(s). See Appendix B-004.
interlock: System that, in response to a predetermined condition, initiates a predefined action.

Typically comprised of binary (on/off) signals and logic used for process control, sequencing, or
protective interruption of normal process control functions. Protective interlocks are typically
further defined as being either safety-related or commercial-related (asset or production
protection).
isolation valve: A valve used for isolation of process equipment while performing activities such
as purging, de-pressuring or de-inventorying. This valve is also commonly referred to as the
primary block valve.

line class: Section of the Piping Material Specifications that provides a listing of piping
components for specific design conditions
logic solver: Control equipment that performs the logic function. It can be either hardwired (e.g.,
relays) or Programmable Electronic Systems.
manual loading station (HIC): a device or function that has a manually adjustable output, and
may also have indicators, lights, and/or other functions, that is used to actuate and/or modulate
one or more devices, but does not provide switching between auto-manual modes of a control
loop. (Reference ISA 5.1)
modular equipment – a section of plant equipment grouped together for fabrication and
construction purposes only
off page: transfer to or from another drawing that is part of the user defined system, plant or project
off plot: transfer to or from another drawing that is not part of the user defined system, plant or project
packaged equipment: One or more pieces of equipment furnished by a vendor with supportive
devices and components to perform a specific operation as a unit
pigging systems: Systems using pipeline inspection gauges or 'pigs' to perform various maintenance
operations on a pipeline. This may be done without stopping the flow of the product in the pipeline.
These operations include but are not limited to cleaning and inspecting of the pipeline.
Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID): Detailed graphical representation of a process

including the hardware and software (i.e., piping, equipment, and instrumentation) necessary to
design, construct and operate the facility. Common synonyms for P&IDs include Engineering Flow
Diagrams (EFDs), Utility Flow Diagrams (UFDs), and Mechanical Flow Diagrams (MFDs).
Programmable Electronic System (PES): Logic performed by programmable or configurable devices
root valve: First valve or valves between the process and an auxiliary device (e.g., an instrument)
that contacts the process and is used to isolate the device from the process. This valve is typically
a line class valve used for shut-off and isolation.
Safety Integrity Level (SIL): One of four possible discrete integrity levels (SIL 1, SIL 2, SIL 3,
and SIL 4) of Safety Instrumented Systems. SILs are defined in terms of Probability of Failure on
Demand (PFD). (Reference ISA 84.01)
Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS): A system composed of sensors, logic solvers, and final control
elements for the purpose of taking the process to a safe state when predetermined conditions are
violated. Other terms commonly used include Emergency Shutdown System (ESD or ESS),
Safety Shutdown System (SSD), and Safety Interlock System (SIS). (Reference ISA S84.01) (See
also BPCS and HLCS.)
skirt: Cylindrical supporting structure, welded to the bottom of a vertical vessel and extended to
the base support
specialty item: Piping specialty items are items typically not specified in piping material specifications
tagged: For the purposes of labeling instrumentation and control components, a hardware device
or a software point that is identified with an ISA style tag number

Tight Shut-Off (TSO): Tight Shut-Off is defined in this Practice as ANSI Class V or ANSI Class VI
in accordance with ANSI/FCI 70-2
trim: Item attached to equipment as an integral component, identified as part of the equipment
that is exposed to the process, and having a function local to the equipment being served.
Examples are vent and drain valves, instrument bridles, blind flanges, plugs, or other
miscellaneous items associated with a piece of equipment. Typically, trim is purchased
independently from the equipment.
4. Requirements
4.1 General
4.1.1 Most details available from other types of documentation (e.g., instrument loop
diagrams and vessel data sheets) should not be included on P&IDs.
4.1.2 This Practice uses the concepts of typical details with implied components where
appropriate to simplify P&IDs. (See the legend sheet in Appendix B for
examples.) Additional examples can be added as required.
4.1.3 While the intent of this Practice is to simplify the P&IDs through the use of
implied components and legend sheets, this may not be compatible with the work
processes or design software used for a project. Therefore, this Practice does not
require the use of implied components. It is the responsibility of the project team to
determine the compatibility of implied components with project needs and work
processes (e.g., safety reviews, material take-off method, integration plan, etc.).
4.2 Format
Comment: This section denotes general drafting layout practices which are
recommended as optimal. Slight deviations are acceptable.
4.2.1 Layout
4.2.1.1 Drawing size shall be 22 inches x 34 inches. (All symbol and text sizes
called out are based on this drawing size).
4.2.1.2 Flow Orientation
1. Primary flow shall be shown on each P&ID from left to right.
2. Flow-through equipment shall be shown relative to actual
arrangement (e.g., cooling water supply in bottom of exchanger
tube bundle and cooling water return out top).
4.2.1.3 Piping Orientation
1. The top of a horizontal line and the left side of a vertical line shall
be the top of a pipe.
2. The bottom of a horizontal line and the right side of a vertical line
shall be the bottom of a pipe.
3. A note shall be used to clarify the orientation as required.

4.2.1.4 Each P&ID shall be laid out to avoid clutter and allow future
modifications. No more than three pieces of major equipment shall be
shown on a P&ID.
4.2.1.5 Piping and instrumentation lines on the P&ID are to be routed as
directly as possible in vertical and horizontal orientation with minimal
changes in direction. Avoid showing lines in non-vertical and non-
horizontal routing.
4.2.1.6 Primary process lines shall be shown heavier than secondary and utility
lines as described in Section 4.2.3.
4.2.1.7 Connector Symbols
1. Off-page and off-plot connectors for primary, secondary, and
instrumentation lines shall be shown entering the P&ID horizontally
0.25 inch from the left inside borderline and exiting 0.25 inch
horizontally from the right inside borderline in accordance with
Appendix C.
2. Utility connectors can be shown at any convenient location in the
body of the P&ID.
4.2.1.8 Connector Descriptions
Text associated with off-page and off-plot connectors should be left-
justified.
4.2.1.9 Utility P&IDs
1. Utility collection/distribution P&IDs shall be laid out relative to
plot plan orientation in accordance with Appendix C.
2. To depict plot plan orientation, utility off-page connectors for a
utility connection/distribution P&ID may be positioned vertically in
accordance with Appendix C.
3. If match lines are required on utility collection/distribution P&IDs,
the lines shall match the connecting drawing match lines in
accordance with Appendix C.
4.2.1.10 Equipment arrangement shall be shown relative to its elevation to grade
(e.g., pumps at bottom of P&ID) in accordance with Appendix C.
4.2.1.11 A control valve actuator shall be shown above a horizontal line or left
of a vertical line.
4.2.1.12 If a control valve identification bubble is required, the center point of
the bubble shall be shown 0.5 inch above and 0.5 in away from the
actuator in a horizontal line or 0.5 inch to the left and 0.5 inch away
from the actuator in a vertical line.
4.2.1.13 The center point of an instrument bubble shall be shown 0.5 inch
directly above an in-line instrument in a horizontal line or 0.5 inch
directly left of an in-line instrument in a vertical line. Examples are
restriction orifices and stand-alone thermowells.

4.2.1.14 Pump and compressor driver piping, instrumentation, and auxiliaries

can be shown on a separate, auxiliary P&ID. “Primary” P&ID and
auxiliary P&ID shall be cross-referenced.
4.2.1.15 Typical details shall be used if clutter can be eliminated without
detracting from clarity. These details shall be shown on the P&ID, on
an auxiliary P&ID, or on a legend sheet.
4.2.1.16 Pressure Safety Valves
1. The Pressure Safety Valve (PSV) shall be shown in a vertical and
upright position.
2. The center point of a PSV identification bubble shall be shown
0.5 inch above and 0.5 inch away from the safety valve.
4.2.1.17 The center point of a Pressure Safety Element (PSE) identification
bubble shall be shown 0.5 inch above a horizontal line or left of a
vertical line and 0.5 inch away from the PSE or equipment.
4.2.2 Symbols
4.2.2.1 Format, equipment, piping, and instrument symbols shall be shown in
accordance with Appendixes B.
4.2.2.2 Equipment internals shall be shown using a short dash/space line at a
weight of 0.010 inch (0.25 mm).
4.2.2.3 A mating piping flange to an equipment nozzle shall be shown at a
distance of 0.06 inch.
4.2.2.4 A connection to an equipment nozzle shall be shown if the connection is
welded in accordance with Appendix B-1.
4.2.2.5 A note reference symbol shall be shown in accordance with
Appendix B-1 at a weight of 0.014 inch (0.35 mm).
4.2.2.6 A note number shall be shown in the note reference symbol at a weight
of 0.010 inch (0.25 mm).
4.2.2.7 Normally closed manual valves shall be shown using a darkened solid symbol.
4.2.2.8 If darkened-in valve symbols cannot be used because of symbol type
(e.g., butterfly valve), the abbreviation for Normally Closed (NC) shall
be used directly below the valve in a horizontal line or to the right of the
valve in a vertical line.
4.2.2.9 Control valves or relief valves shall not be shown as NC.
4.2.3 Lines
4.2.3.1 Primary process lines shall be shown in accordance with Appendix B-1
at a weight of 0.028 inch (0.70 mm).
4.2.3.2 Secondary, utility, and future lines shall be shown in accordance with
4.2.3.3 Instrument line symbols shall be shown in accordance with

4.2.3.4 Packaged equipment limit lines shall be shown in accordance with

4.2.3.5 Equipment outlines shall be shown in accordance with Appendix B-3 at a
4.2.3.6 Inline piping components shall be shown in accordance with
4.2.3.7 Line class and insulation breaks shall be shown in accordance with
4.2.3.8 Spacing between lines shall be maintained at a minimum of 0.5 inch.
4.2.3.9 Flow arrows shall be shown at corners and intersecting lines.
4.2.3.10 Line Breaks
1. Vertical primary process lines shall be broken if crossing horizontal
primary process lines.
2. Secondary and utility lines shall be broken if crossing primary
process lines.
3. Vertical secondary and utility lines shall be broken if crossing
horizontal secondary and utility lines.
4. Instrument lines shall be broken if crossing process and utility lines.
5. For utility collection/distribution P&IDs, entering and exiting lines
shall be broken if crossing pipe rack lines.
4.2.3.11 Line break gaps shall be maintained at 0.13 inch.
4.2.3.12 Routing lines across equipment or text shall be avoided.
4.2.4 Text
Comment: Many variables may adversely affect text legibility such as font
availability and plotter/printer limitations. Text heights specified
herein are recommended as optimal, and slight deviation, although not
encouraged, may be required for legibility.
4.2.4.1 Text Arrangement
1. Text shall be shown horizontal if possible.
2. Vertically oriented text shall be read from bottom to top.
4.2.4.2 Abbreviations shall be in accordance with Appendix B.
4.2.4.3 Drawing Notes
1. General text and drawing notes shall be shown using a text height of
0.1 inch at a weight of 0.01 inch (0.25 mm).
2. General text and drawing notes shall be aligned left and shall start
in the upper-left corner of the notes area in accordance with
Appendix C.
3. If a note contains more than one line, the line spacing shall be
0.05 inch between each line.

4. Spacing between notes shall be shown at 0.25 inch beneath the last
line of the preceding note maintaining a top and left text
justification.
4.2.4.4 Equipment Information
1. Equipment numbers shall use a text height of 0.16 inch at a weight
of 0.014 inch (0.35 mm).
2. Equipment numbers shall be underlined.
3. Equipment title and data shall use a text height of 0.1 inch at a
4. Equipment text shall be justified at the top and center.
5. Equipment numbers, titles, and data for equipment shall be shown
within 2 inches from the top inside borderline of the P&ID, directly
above the equipment, and on the same horizontal plane as other
equipment identification.
Comment: Equipment numbers, titles, and data for rotating
equipment (i.e., pumps, blowers, compressors, and
agitators) may be shown within 2 inches from the
bottom inside borderline of the P&ID, directly
below the equipment, and on the same horizontal
plane as other equipment identification.
6. Equipment number, title, and data shall be shown once for identical
equipment with the same number, title, and service (e.g.,
P-601A/B).
4.2.4.5 Line Numbers
1. Line numbers shall be shown in accordance with Appendix B-1.
See examples shown in Appendix C.
2. Line numbers shall use a text height of 0.1 inch at a weight of
0.010 inch (0.25 mm). Arial narrow, font size 10 may be used.
3. Line number text shall be placed 0.06 inch from the line and shall
be lined up vertically 0.25 inch from the connector.
4. Line numbers at entering off-page and off-plot connectors shall be
justified at the top and left.
5. Line numbers at exiting off-page and off-plot connectors shall be
justified at the top and right.
6 Line numbering shall be shown with the orientation of the line.
4.2.4.6 Control Valve Information
1. Control valve failure action abbreviation shall be shown at
0.06 inch directly below the control valve in horizontal lines and
0.06 inch to the right of the control valve in vertical lines. See
examples shown in Appendix C.

2. If the valve size is not line size or easily inferred from adjoining
pipe, reducers, or equipment, control valve size shall be shown
between the actuator and valve body symbol. If necessary, control
valve size can be repositioned so as not to be obscured by other
items shown on actuator (i.e., position switches, handwheels, etc.).
See examples shown in Appendix C.
3. Control valve seat leakage criteria (i.e., tight shut-off [TSO]) shall
be shown between the actuator and valve body symbol. If
necessary, control valve leakage criteria can be repositioned so as
not to be obscured by other items shown on the actuator (i.e.,
position switches, handwheels, etc.). See examples shown in
Appendix C.
4.2.4.7 For PSVs, PSEs, and pressure control valves (PCVs), the device size and
set pressure shall be shown close to the identification bubble. See
examples shown in Appendix C.
4.3 Equipment
4.3.1 General
4.3.1.1 Equipment Symbols
1. Equipment symbols shall be shown in accordance with
Appendix B-3.
2. Equipment shall be shown with simple outline representation.
3. Discretion shall be exercised for equipment symbols to not
dominate the drawing, but the symbols shall be drawn large enough
for clear understanding.
4. Equipment shall not be drawn to scale.
5. Equipment shall be shown relative to associated equipment both in
size and general orientation.
6. All connection types can be added to any equipment symbol.
7. A dashed symbol can be used to identify proposed, funded or
multiple representations of the same equipment.
4.3.1.2 Nozzles
1. Nozzles, including spares, shall be shown on equipment as single lines.
2. Manways shall be shown as double lines.
3. Process and utility nozzles may be labeled.
4. Nozzle sizes shall be shown, unless the size is implied by piping
connections.
4.3.1.3 Equipment not specifically identified in this Practice shall be shown with
an equipment symbol that is a reasonable representation of the equipment
as it will exist in the field.

4.3.1.4 Equipment shall be identified by a classification letter and sequence

number. Classifications used in this Practice are shown in Section 4.3.2.
Comment: The classifications shown in Section 4.3.2 are used on
the example P&IDs contained in Appendix C for
illustrative purposes only. The classifications are only
one example of classifications allowed by this Practice.
4.3.1.5 Equipment Item Number and Title/Service shall be shown as a
minimum. Section 4.3.3 provides a complete list of equipment data for
all equipment addressed in this Practice. For equipment not covered in
this Practice, equipment data shall be shown as necessary.
4.3.1.6 Internals for equipment shall be shown as dashed lines as described in
Section 4.2.2.2. Details of internals that have no significant bearing on
the piping design and layout or equipment operation shall be omitted.
4.3.1.7 Equipment elevation labels shall not be shown unless the elevations are
necessary to specify process requirements for associated equipment
location or orientation relative to one another.
4.3.1.8 Trim
1. Associated trim (e.g., vent and drain valves, instrument bridles) for
equipment shall be shown.
2. Equipment trim labels shall be shown as required.
Comment: Note that not all equipment has trim, and that some
equipment may have multiple trims.
4.3.1.9 Auxiliary system requirements for individual pieces of equipment (e.g.,
lube oil systems, seal flush systems, turbine gland leak-off piping,
sample systems) shall be shown on auxiliary P&IDs.
4.3.1.10 Jacketing and tracing requirements for equipment shall be shown.
4.3.1.11 The type of insulation (e.g., personnel protection, heat conservation) for
equipment shall be shown as part of the equipment data. Insulation
thickness shall be shown where applicable.
4.3.2 Classification of Equipment
The equipment classifications listed in Table 1 are used on the example P&IDs
contained in Appendix C for illustrative purposes only. These equipment
classifications are only one example of classifications allowed by this Practice.

Table 1: Equipment Classifications
CLASS SUBJECT DESCRIPTION

A Mixing Equipment Agitators, Aerators, Mechanical Mixers, Blenders
B Blowers Centrifugal Blowers, Positive Displacement Blowers,
Fans
C Compressors Centrifugal, Reciprocating, Screw, Vacuum
D Mechanical Drivers Electric and Pneumatic Motors, Diesel Engines,
Steam and Gas Turbines
E Heat Exchangers Unfired Heat Exchangers, Condensers, Coolers,
Reboilers, Vaporizers and Heating Coils, Double
Pipe, Spiral, Plate & Frame, Air Coolers, Electric
Heaters, Printed Circuits, Scraped Surface Heat
Exchangers
F Fired Equipment Fired Heaters, Furnaces, Boilers, Kilns
FL Filters Bag Filters, Micron Filters, Nano Filters, Membrane
Filters, Vent Filters, Depth Filters, Vacuum / Neutsch
Filters, Sterile Filters
MH Material Handling Conveyors, Dust Collectors, Cyclones, Rotary Air
Equipment Locks, Sifters
P Pumps Horizontal and Vertical Centrifugal, Positive
Displacement, Vertical Canned, Screw, Gear, Sump,
Piston, Metering, Diaphragm
PE Packaged Equipment RO Skids, DI Skids, Water Softener Systems,
Refrigeration Skids
R Reactors
T Towers / Columns
TK Tanks atmospheric and low pressure tanks, bins, silos
U Miscellaneous anything not specified
Equipment
V Vessels Separators, Driers, Accumulators, Drums, Jacketed
Vessels
4.3.2.1 Agitators
The term agitator shall apply to mechanical mixers and aerators.
4.3.2.2 Blowers
Blower symbols shall be shown as centrifugal or positive displacement
as required.
4.3.2.3 Compressors
1. Compressor symbols shall be shown according to their type such
as centrifugal, screw or reciprocating.
2. The compressor symbol shall be shown for each stage of
multistage compressors.
3. Multistaged compressors can be shown on multiple P&IDs.

4.3.2.4 Drivers
1. Drivers shall be shown with the driven equipment and shall use
the symbols for motors, diesel engines, and turbines.
2. Equipment numbers for drivers are normally not required
because equipment data for the drivers is shown as an integral
part of the associated driven component.
3. Equipment number shall be shown for driver if it drives more
than one piece of equipment or if the driver number is different
from the equipment it drives.
4. The base symbol for the pneumatic driver is the same as the
electric driver. Air inlet and discharge nozzles shall be shown for
the pneumatic driver.
4.3.2.5 Heat Exchangers
1. The term heat exchanger includes unfired heat exchangers,
coolers, condensers, reboilers, vaporizers, heating coils, and
electric heaters.
2. Exchanger nozzles shall be oriented to indicate the flow path
through the exchanger.
3. The total duties shall be shown for multiple exchangers utilized
in series or parallel configurations for common service.
4. Air-cooled exchangers shall include two basic types, forced draft
or induced draft. Each type can have recirculation, multiple
bundles, multiple fans, variable (automatic or manual) fan pitch,
variable louvers, or steam coils. Symbols can be modified to
represent the type of air-cooled exchanger used.
5. Shell and tube exchangers shall be shown following the TEMA
convention (e.g., AEL, BEM) for the type utilized in the process.
4.3.2.6 Fired Equipment
1. Fired equipment includes furnaces, preheaters, boilers etc.
2. The symbol shown in Appendix B-3 is one of many possible
representations. The radiant coils and convection coils for the furnace
shall be shown to distinguish between the respective sections.
4.3.2.7 Pumps
1. Base plates shall not be shown unless panned and drained.
2. Drains and lube oil lines shall be shown.
3. Vendor-supplied instrumentation or controls (e.g., relief for a
positive displacement pump, high temperature shutoff switch)
shall be shown.
4. External piping and instrumentation for pump seals shall be
identified on the P&ID, either by showing or calling out API seal
number. The details may be shown on an auxiliary P&ID.

4.3.2.8 Packaged Equipment

1. The term packaged equipment includes units such as air driers,
refrigeration systems, etc. Packaged equipment differs from and
does not include modular equipment.
2. Packaged equipment shall be shown in its entirety.
Comment: To satisfy this requirement and avoid duplication of
effort in producing P&IDs, vendor drawings can be
referenced in a box showing points of connection
drawn with package equipment lines.
3. Equipment/Item Numbers shall be assigned to individual
equipment in the package.
4. Packaged equipment limit lines shall be shown in accordance
with Appendix B-1.
4.3.2.9 Tanks
Tanks shall be shown as representing the actual tank shape and
orientation in accordance with Appendix B-3.
4.3.2.10 Vessels
1. Vessels shall be shown as representing the actual vessel shape
and orientation.
2. Manways, handholes, and skirts shall be shown.
3. Other equipment (e.g., spheres) supports shall be shown only if
needed.
4. Trays and tray numbers shall be shown at process connection
points.
5. Trays shall be numbered in accordance with the project
convention.
6. The top and bottom trays shall be shown.
7. Example representations of common vessels are shown in
Appendix B-3.
4.3.3 Equipment Data
Equipment information shall be shown on the P&ID in relation to the appropriate
equipment symbol and in accordance with Section 4.2.4.4. Units of measure
(e.g., GPM, PSIG, BTU/hr) for equipment data shall be shown as required.
Equipment not listed shall be described as appropriate to convey important data.
Appendix A lists some examples of detailed equipment labels incorporating the
following data and information for a number of equipment classes.
Comment: Title/Service – a descriptive equipment name combining both the
process service and the equipment classification description. Process service is
either the unit operation or process fluid being handled.

4.3.3.1 Agitators, Mixers

• Equipment/Item Number
• Title/Service
• Power Requirements
• Materials of Construction
4.3.3.2 Blowers
• Title/Service
• Capacity (Flow and D/P)
4.3.3.3 Compressors
• Title/Service
• Capacity (Flow and D/P)
• Title/Service
• Duty
• Surface Area
• Shell Design Pressure @ Temperature
• Tube Design Pressure @ Temperature
• Materials of Construction (Shell/Tubes)
• Insulation
4.3.3.5 Fired Equipment
• Title/Service
• Duty
4.3.3.6 Filters
• Title/Service
• Size, Capacity
• Design Pressure @ Temperature
4.3.3.7 Material Handling Equipment
• Title/Service

• Size, Capacity
4.3.3.8 Pumps
• Title/Service
• Capacity (Flow and TDH)
• Insulation/Tracing
4.3.3.9 Vessels/Tanks
• Title/Service
• Size, Capacity
• Design Pressure @ Temperature
• Insulation/Tracing
4.4 Piping
4.4.1 Line Data Identification
4.4.1.1 The line data identification shall be shown in accordance with
Appendix B-1.
4.4.1.2 Unit symbols (e.g., “"” for inches) shall be included with line sizes.
4.4.1.3 A leading zero shall be used if calling out piping in decimal format.
4.4.1.4 Additional characters can be added to the size tag (i.e., user is not limited
to “XXXX”).
4.4.1.5 Suffixes shall not be used as part of the sequence number.
4.4.1.6 Sequence numbers shall typically originate and terminate at equipment.
4.4.1.7 Different sequence numbers shall be assigned to line branches that
terminate at different equipment numbers or lines.
4.4.1.8 The sequence number shall not be changed if the line flows through a
piping specialty item or a control valve unless the piping specification
changes at this component.
4.4.1.9 The sequence number may be changed if there is a line class break.
4.4.1.10 Different sequence numbers shall be assigned to the inlet and outlet of
pressure relief valves.
4.4.1.11 The size and insulation thickness fields accommodate either English or
metric units.
4.4.1.12 Insulation code changes shall be shown using the point of change symbol
referenced in Appendix B-1.

4.4.1.13 Special layout requirements (e.g., No Pockets) shall be shown with a note.
4.4.2 Line Service Codes
4.4.2.1 Line service codes are listed in Appendix B-1.
Comment: Additional line service codes can be added as required.
4.4.2.2 Each line service code shall consist of one to four alpha characters.
4.4.3 Piping Line Symbols
4.4.3.1 Piping shall be shown for primary, secondary, utility, jacketed or double
containment, and future lines in accordance with Appendix B-1 and
Section 4.2.3.
4.4.3.2 New lines added to P&IDs showing existing piping should be clouded on
the P&ID. Use tie-in symbol in accordance with Appendix B-1 to denote
connection to existing piping.
Comment: Existing drawings do not need to be upgraded to the
requirements of this practice
4.4.3.3 Piping for above ground (AG) and underground (UG) lines shall be
shown in the same manner.
4.4.3.4 An AG/UG line break or a piping line class break shall be used to
distinguish between AG and UG lines.
4.4.4 Valve Symbols
4.4.4.1 Valve symbols shall be shown in accordance with Appendix B-1.
4.4.4.2 Additional valve symbols can be added as required.
4.4.4.3 All valve symbols shall be shown full size.
4.4.4.4 Reduced size valve symbols shall not be shown for drain and vent valving.
4.4.4.5 Valve size shall not be shown unless the size cannot be clearly identified
from the equipment nozzle or pipe label on the P&ID.
4.4.4.6 The listed valve symbols shall be used for defining control valve body types.
4.4.4.7 If the control valve body type is unknown, a gate valve or rotary valve
symbol shall be used as the generic symbol.
4.4.4.8 Permanent hydrotest high-point vent and low-point drain valves shall be shown.
Comment: These valves are typically identified in the later stages of
P&ID development and verified when an “as-built” issue
is made.
4.4.4.9 Temporary hydrotest valves (valves removed after testing) shall not be shown.
4.4.4.10 The full commodity code shall not be shown as a valve tag. A valve tag
or abbreviated commodity code may be shown.

Comment: To distinguish between two types of valves allowed by

the same pipe specification or for non-spec valves, an
abbreviation or commodity reference may be used.
4.4.4.11 A note or symbol shall be used to specify required installation/
orientation for a valve if necessary (e.g., valves with a vented ball/disc).
4.4.4.12 Valve end connections shall not be indicated, with the exception of a
blinded, capped, or plugged valve, and any design in which this
requirement is critical.
4.4.4.13 Integral bypass (warm-up/pressurization) valves shall be shown where
applicable.
4.4.5 Piping Specialty Items
4.4.5.1 Piping specialty items shall be shown in accordance with Appendix B-1.
Additional piping specialty symbols can be added as required.
4.4.5.2 A tag number shall be assigned to each piping specialty item.
4.4.5.3 The tag number shall be designated as “SP-XXXX” in which SP indicates
a special piping item and XXXX is a four-character maximum identifier.
4.4.5.4 Identical piping specialty items located in multiple locations may be
designated with the same tag number.
4.4.6 Piping Fittings
4.4.6.1 Typical piping fittings shall be shown in accordance with Appendix B-1.
Additional piping fitting symbols can be added as required.
4.4.6.2 All reducers shall be shown on the P&ID.
4.4.6.3 Reducer size shall not be shown unless it cannot be clearly identified
from the equipment nozzle or pipe label on the P&ID.
4.4.6.4 Weld connections shall be shown if appropriate (e.g., at vessel nozzles).
4.4.7 Connectors and Tie-in Symbols
4.4.7.1 All connectors and tie-ins shall be shown as in Appendix B-1.
Comment: The connector number shall be a number unique to a set
of connectors for a line traveling between two P&IDs.
4.4.7.2 The off-page connector shall be used for lines that continue to/from
another P&ID showing the same unit or system.
4.4.7.3 The utility or drain connector shall be used for lines that enter/exit a
P&ID from a utility distribution type P&ID.
Comment: A service description and equipment number reference
are not required for utilities.
4.4.7.4 The off-page connector shall be used for utility lines if these lines are the
primary system represented on the P&ID.
Comment: Utility primary systems include utility headers and non-
distribution type utility lines (e.g., raw water treatment lines).

4.4.7.5 The off-plot connector shall be used for lines that cross unit or battery limits.
4.4.7.6 Service description, connector number, P&ID number, and origin or
destination shall be shown for off-page and off-plot connectors in
accordance with Appendix B-1.
4.4.7.7 Origin or destination shall be shown as an equipment number, line
number, or loop number.
4.4.7.8 Service description for a piping off-page and off-plot connector shall be
shown as name of fluid (e.g., Cracked Gas) or line description (e.g.,
Reactor Feed, Tower Overhead).
4.4.8 Notes
4.4.8.1 The notes listed on the legend sheets of Appendix B shall represent
typical design notes.
4.4.8.2 Specific design notes shall be shown on the applicable P&ID.
4.5 Instrumentation and Controls
4.5.1 Symbols
4.5.1.1 Instrument and control symbols shall be shown in accordance with
Appendix B-2. (Reference ISA-5.1 for additional details)
4.5.1.2 The conventions established by ISA-5.1 for function identifier shall be
followed for tagging and numbering of instrument and control devices.
(Reference Appendix B-2.)
Comment: The tagging and numbering scheme described in the
following example is used on the example P&IDs
contained in the Appendixes for illustrative purposes
only. This example tagging and numbering scheme is
only one example of tagging and numbering schemes
described in this Practice. The tagging structure is shown
in the following example:
01 FC 100 01 A
01 – Plant/Unit/Area Number (may not appear on P&IDs or in a
bubble)
FC – Function Identifier (e.g., Flow Controller)
100 – Equipment (or P&ID) Number (optional)
01 –Sequence Number.
A-Suffix (optional)
Breaks in the instrument bubble may be used to accommodate
longer tag numbers.
4.5.1.3 All measurement types shall be identified by an ISA symbol.
4.5.1.4 If necessary, a descriptive text label may be added (e.g., analysis
components like CO, H2, CH4, or unique flow measurement devices like
“Mass”).

4.5.1.5 Interlock symbols shall be depicted as follows:

a. For discrete, hardware-based interlocks, the conventional diamond
symbol shall be used in accordance with ISA-5.1.
b. For PLC-based interlocks, the diamond-in-a-box symbol shall be
used in accordance with ISA-5.1.
c. For DCS-based interlocks, the DCS symbol (bubble-in-a-box) shall
be used.
d. For PLCs integral to the DCS, the PLC symbol (diamond-in-a-box)
shall be used.
Comment: Reference Appendix B-2 and Section 4.5.6 for additional
information.
4.5.1.6 Directional arrows on instrumentation signal lines shall be used only if
the function is not obvious (e.g., cascades, selectors, interlocks).
4.5.1.7 Instrument function symbols, shown in Appendix B-2, shall be used to
clarify the function of certain tagged instrument bubbles. The symbol
shall be placed outside the bubble at the upper right.
4.5.1.8 The off-page connector shall be used in accordance with Appendix B-1 to
depict continuation of instrumentation signals from one P&ID to another.
1. Service description, connector number, P&ID number, and
origin/destination shall be shown for off-page and off-plot
connectors in accordance with Appendix B-1.
2. Origin/destination shall be shown as an equipment number, line
number, or loop number.
3. Service description for an instrument off-page and off-plot
connector shall be shown as a line function (e.g., Low Level
Override) or equipment to be controlled (e.g., PV-10014A/B).
4.5.1.9 An individual instrument bubble shall not be shown more than once,
unless needed to clarify operation of the loop.
4.5.1.10 If it is necessary to show an instrument bubble more than once, the
succeeding occurrences shall be shown as dotted (e.g., turbine controls
shown on a different sheet than the turbine).
4.5.1.11 Instrument Line Symbols shall be shown in accordance with
Appendix B-2.
4.5.1.12 The ISA optional binary (on-off) symbols shall not be used for
instrument lines.
4.5.1.13 Device location and accessibility shall be shown in accordance with
Appendix B-2.
4.5.1.14 FO shall be used to tag all flow orifices and restriction orifices in
accordance with ISA-5.1.
4.5.1.15 RO shall not be used for restriction orifices.

4.5.1.16 The same symbol (not tag) shall be used for a measuring flow element
(FE) orifice and a restriction orifice (FO).
4.5.1.17 Instrument symbols on the P&ID do not necessarily reflect orientation.
4.5.1.18 Physical arrangement shall be covered by installation details or special notes.
4.5.2 Measurements
4.5.2.1 All transmitters shall be shown to avoid misinterpretations of physical and
wiring connections between the transmitter and other devices or systems.
4.5.2.2 Isolation and Root Valves
1. Isolation valves shall be shown where an instrument is mounted on a
vessel or other piece of equipment.
2. Root valves shall not be shown where these installation details can be
adequately defined on a P&ID legend sheet.
3. Typical details, contained in the legend sheets (Appendix B), shall be
used to identify the valve type, size, rating, and materials of
construction in accordance with the applicable piping line class.
4.5.2.3 Instrument Leads
1. If instrument leads or analyzer lines are piping (e.g., level bridles), the
piping and related components shall be shown in accordance with
Section 4.4.
2. If instrument leads are tubing, only the tubing shall be shown. Tubing
valves, connections, and fittings shall not be shown.
3. Both leads for differential pressure type measurements shall be shown.
4. A single line, representing two leads, shall be used to simplify the
drawing if intent is clear (e.g., only a single line shall be typically
shown for flange tap orifice meters).
4.5.2.4 Dip Tubes, Bubblers, and Stilling Wells
1. Dip tubes, bubblers, and stilling wells shall be shown for both process
and instrumentation.
2. Notes shall be added as required for relevant specifications, materials,
dimensions, weep holes, spray heads, radar level devices, etc.
4.5.2.5 Flow Meters
1. Flow meters shall be shown with the appropriate ISA symbol.
2. If no unique symbol exists or if a device type is unknown, a generic
symbol shall be used and a text label shall be provided to identify the
measurement type. (Reference Appendix B-2)
3. A tag shall be provided for all in-line generic flow meter bubbles.
4. A bubble shall be shown with a loop tag for other flow meter element
symbols only if the loop association is not readily apparent.
(Reference Section 4.2.1.13)

5. The size of all in-line devices shall be shown if not line sized or
otherwise implied.
6. Flow meter accuracies shall not be shown.
7. If used, flow conditioning devices (e.g., straightening vanes) shall be
labeled with an instrumentation tag (e.g., “FX-…”) associated with
the flow measurement loop.
4.5.2.6 Quality designations (e.g., ISO-9000) shall not be shown.
4.5.2.7 Temperature
1. A symbol and tag shall be shown for a thermowell if it is a stand-
alone, spare, or test well.
2. Unless the loop association is not readily apparent, thermowell
symbols or tags shall not be shown if a thermal measuring element is
connected to it.
3. If a bare element is necessary (no thermowell), then a note or text
label (e.g., BARE) shall be added.
Comment: Text should be placed outside the symbol in the lower
right.
4. Unless the loop association is not readily apparent (e.g., dual
elements), thermal or temperature measuring elements (TE) shall not
be shown with a symbol or tag.
4.5.2.8 Purge and Blowback
1. Process connection purge and blowback requirements shall be shown
for all measuring devices requiring it in accordance with Appendix B-1.
2. Purge media and pressure shall be included.
3. Detailed hardware associated with purge/blowback (e.g., rotameters)
shall be shown on installation details, auxiliary P&IDs, or legend sheets.
4.5.2.9 Air Supplies
1. Air supplies to individual devices are not generally shown.
2. Air supplies to solenoids or other special applications shall be shown
as needed on the P&ID or a legend sheet to clarify valve porting or
operation (e.g., trip solenoids or pneumatic hand switches).
4.5.2.10 Process Analyzers
1. Analyzer sample points, return lines, and connections shall be shown.
2. Analyzer piping shall be labeled in accordance with Appendix B-1.
3. Analyzer tubing shall be labeled with size and the applicable
instrument piping and tubing system specification from
PIP PCSIP001.
4. Sampling system hardware shall be shown on analyzer or other
auxiliary drawings.

5. A single stream analyzer shall be shown on the same P&ID as its

sample point.
6. Multi-stream analyzers shall be shown only once with off-page
connectors from/to the multiple sample points/returns.
7. Sample connections that supply/return samples to/from multiple analyzers
shall be shown only once, with continuations to/from other analyzers.
8. Measured components shall be shown at the upper left of each
analyzer or sample point bubble as required.
4.5.2.11 Winterization and heat tracing requirements shall be shown for analyzers
and instrumentation.
Comment: The insulation type code should be placed at the lower
left of the bubble.
4.5.2.12 Indicators
1. If an indicator is integral to a transmitter, a single bubble and tag (e.g.,
LIT) shall be used.
2. If separate devices are used for the transmitter and the indicator (e.g.,
a remotely located indicator), separate bubbles and tags (e.g., LT and
LI) shall be shown.
4.5.2.13 Level Gauges
1. Level and gauge glasses shall be shown with the appropriate symbol
and tag.
Comment: Gauge glasses are typically armored as a safety
requirement and may be shown with a unique symbol.
2. For level and gauge glasses, a single function (one bubble and tag)
shall be used regardless of the number of individual sections required
to span the length.
Comment: A text label or note can be used to define the number of
sections.
3. Separate bubbles and tags shall be shown for redundant gauge glasses
or for applications with separate taps (e.g., overlapping gauges).
4. The distance between level gauge connections shall not be shown.
4.5.3 Valves
4.5.3.1 General
1. Valves shall be shown in accordance with Appendix B-1.
Comment: The symbols for automated valve bodies and for manual
valves are identical.
2. The appropriate actuator symbols (e.g., diaphragm and piston) shall
be used to distinguish automated valves from manual valves.
(Reference ISA 5.1 symbols in Appendix B-2)

Comment: Typically, a throttling control valve is shown with a

diaphragm actuator and an on-off valve is shown with a
cylinder/piston actuator, regardless of actual type.
3. The symbols shown in Appendix B-2 shall be used for pressure and
temperature regulators.
4.5.3.2 Automated Valves
1. Automated valve fail actions shall be shown with text (FC/FO/FL/FI)
in accordance with ISA-5.1. (Reference Section 4.2.4.6)
Comment: Using stem arrows as outlined in ISA-5.1 is not
recommended because it becomes difficult to see on
reduced-sized drawings.
2. For multi-port automated valves, FL and FI shall be used where
appropriate.
Comment: FO and FC shall not be used; instead, arrows shall be
used to show fail position flow paths. Note that multiple
arrows may be required.
3. Valves with different fail actions for loss of signal and for loss of
motive power require an explanatory note.
4. Valve body sizes shall be shown for all automated valves if not line
sized or otherwise implied. (Reference Section 4.2.4.6)
5. Automated valve specifications or commodity codes shall not be shown.
6. For automated valves, tight shut-off requirements shall be identified
by using the abbreviation “TSO.” (Reference Section 4.2.4.6)
Comment: TSO defines the seat shut-off requirements for a new
valve. Testing requirements, if any, are defined in other
unit operation documents.
4.5.3.3 Identifying Tags
1. Valve identifying tags with bubbles shall not be shown if the
associated loop tag is readily apparent.
2. An identifying tag with a bubble shall be shown for split range valves,
self-contained regulators, or valves located on a separate P&ID from
its controller. (Reference Section 4.2.1.6)
4.5.3.4 The ranges (e.g., 0-50%, 50-100%) shall be shown for split range control
valves.
Comment: The preferred labeling is controller percentage output
because it applies to both pneumatic and electronic systems.
4.5.3.5 Valve positioners shall not be shown unless necessary to clarify loop
operation (e.g., if used with trip solenoids or pneumatic trip relays).
Comment: If shown, valve positioners are normally included with
the automated valve symbol and are not tagged.

4.5.3.6 If engineered as a separate item from the control valve, current to

pneumatic converters (I/Ps) shall be shown with a bubble symbol, tag,
and function box only if furnished and mounted separately from the
control valve, or if used with a trip solenoid valve.
4.5.3.7 Solenoid Valves
1. All solenoids that actuate final control elements (e.g., trip valves and
pneumatic relays) shall be shown.
2. Solenoid valve fail actions shall be shown using a directional arrow
indicating the open flow path if de-energized.
Comment: A four-way solenoid valve requires two directional
arrows to adequately define the flow paths.
3. Resets (manual or remote) shall be shown if included with the
solenoid valve.
4.5.3.8 Actuator Position Indication
1. Limit switches on automated valves shall be identified with a bubble
and tag.
Comment: The open or closed tag can be depicted with ZSO or
ZSC. If both limit switches are provided, a single
bubble should be used with O and C modifiers outside
the bubble.
2. Limit switches on diverter valves can be tagged as ZST and ZSD for
the Through and Divert positions.
3. A transmitter or positioner may be used in place of switches to identify
valve stem position. This is shown as a single bubble labeled ZT.
4.5.3.9 Automated valve auxiliaries (e.g., handwheels, volume tanks, nitrogen
back-up bottles) shall be shown.
Comment: The use of typical details reduces clutter.
4.5.3.10 A note shall be used to identify the need for valve travel stops.
4.5.3.11 Set points on process regulators shall be shown.
4.5.4 Safety/Relief Devices
4.5.4.1 Relief devices and conservation vents shall be shown and tagged in
accordance with Appendix B-1&2 (e.g., PSE and PSV).
4.5.4.2 Optional explanatory text may be used for clarification of the type and
function of the device (e.g., “Emergency Relief,” “Conservation Vent,”
“Explosion Panel”) located next to the tag. (Reference Sections 4.2.1.16
and 4.2.1.17)
4.5.4.3 PSE shall be used only for safety related service.
Comment: PSV typically refers to reclosing devices. PSE typically
refers to non-reclosing devices (i.e., rupture discs,
buckling pin relief device). “The designation PSV
applies to all valves intended to protect against

emergency pressure conditions regardless of whether the

valve construction and mode of operation place them in
the category of the safety valve, relief valve or safety
relief valve.” See ISA-5.1
4.5.4.4 The relief device set pressure shall be shown.
4.5.4.5 The relief device inlet and outlet sizes shall be clearly conveyed for the
following items, if applicable:
a. PSVs
b. Rupture discs
c. Buckling Pin PSE
d. Conservation vents
4.5.4.6 Surface area or dimensions should be called out for explosion panels.
4.5.4.7 Relieving Manway size must be identified.
4.5.4.8 The orifice size letter designation for relief valves shall be shown
between the inlet and outlet sizes (e.g., 3K4).
4.5.4.9 The relief device sizing basis or flow capacity shall not be shown.
4.5.4.10 The materials of construction for relief devices shall not be shown.
4.5.5 Equipment Start/Stops
4.5.5.1 Local (field) hand switches (bubble and tag) shall be shown that:
a. Are part of an operator control panel
b. Interface with other systems (e.g., interlocks)
c. Otherwise need explanation
4.5.5.2 All control room (DCS or panel board) hand switches shall be shown
with the appropriate bubble symbol and tag.
4.5.5.3 All hand switch positions or functions shall be labeled. The labels shall
be located outside the bubble symbol, on the upper right, using the
standard text abbreviations shown in the Appendixes. All others shall be
spelled out.
4.5.5.4 All required feedback signals or functions (e.g., run lights) shall be
clearly shown.
Comment: Hardwired signals are normally shown using standard
instrument line symbols. Soft-linked feedback functions
can be shown outside the display bubble at the upper left.

4.5.6 Interlocks
4.5.6.1 Interlocks shall be shown symbolically on the P&ID and include, at a
minimum, the interlock number within the diamond.
4.5.6.2 The functional definition shall be defined on auxiliary documents
(e.g., binary logic diagrams, descriptive narratives, truth tables) or in the
P&ID notes section.
Comment: Interlocks can be designed for a variety of functions,
from simple process sequences to complex safety
shutdown systems. A variety of hardware can be used
for implementation (e.g., DCS, PLC, relays, redundant,
fault-tolerant Safety Interlock Systems).
Alarms can be similarly designed in a variety of ways.
Alarms come from hardware, over serial links, from
DCS software and can be shown on a variety of facility
documents, including P&IDs, alarm summaries, logic
and loop diagrams, and operating procedures.
4.5.6.3 Logic functions or interlocks shall be shown with the proper symbols in
accordance with Section 4.5.1.
4.5.6.4 Binary logic gates, input/output tables, or descriptive narratives shall not
be shown.
4.5.6.5 All logic function and interlock symbols shall contain an identification
that provides reference to a unique logic diagram, narrative, truth table,
or program. The reference shall be located within the interior of the
symbol. The format of the reference shall be determined by the owner.
Descriptive text or a note reference can be placed outside the symbol.
4.5.6.6 If Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) are distinguished from other
interlock systems, the preferred method shall be to add an “S” prefix to
the unique interlock identification.
4.5.6.7 Each interlock shall be uniquely labeled, using a serial (not parallel)
tagging scheme. The “S” prefix shall not be used to distinguish a unique
interlock label.
Comment: A valid tagging scheme shall be I-100, I-101, SI-200,
SI-201. The scheme I-100, SI-100 should not be used.
4.5.6.8 The type of logic solver hardware or level of redundancy shall not be
shown except through the normal use of ISA symbols and the input and
output signals described in Section 4.5.1 and the Appendixes.
4.5.6.9 Classifications or Safety Integrity Levels (SIL) shall not be shown for
interlocks.
4.5.6.10 All operator-initiated interlock trip and reset hand switches shall be
shown.
4.5.6.11 If used, all bypass hand switches for SIS interlocks shall be shown,
including all individual initiator and system bypass switches.

Comment: Unnecessary clutter can be avoided by use of a table or

reference note if large numbers of bypasses are necessary.
4.5.7 Alarms
4.5.7.1 All hardwired alarms shall be shown.
4.5.7.2 All alarms that require engineering or other review and approval based
on safety or operability shall be shown.
4.5.7.3 Alarm trip points or settings shall not be shown.
4.5.7.4 For alarms based on analog measurements, the functional tag (e.g., PI)
shall be shown inside the bubble and the alarm levels shall be shown
outside the bubble. High alarms (e.g., H, HH) shall be placed at the
upper right outside the bubble, and low alarms (e.g., L, LL) shall be
placed at the lower right outside the bubble.
Comment: The alarm modifier (A) should not be shown inside the
bubble.
4.5.7.5 For discrete alarm points (on/off signals), the complete functional tag
and alarm level (e.g., PAH) shall be shown inside the bubble. Standard
ISA-5.1 abbreviations shall be used for both trip and alarm functions
(e.g., LSHH and LAHH).
4.5.8 DCS Points
4.5.8.1 A DCS point shall be shown if operations manipulates the process with it
or receives information from it, or if the point is essential to
understanding the functional operation of the process controls.
Comment: It is not necessary for every point configured in a DCS
to be shown. It is not necessary for implied functions
(e.g., I for indicate, R for recorder) to be included in
every DCS point tag.
It is not the intent of this section to define which DCS
points to show for every supplier of a DCS or each type
of system that can communicate with a DCS via a
software link (e.g., analyzer data highways, anti-surge
control systems, vibration monitoring systems, Safety
Instrumented Systems, PLCs, tank gauging systems).
Application of these requirements to specific systems
shall determine which DCS points to show. DCS points
not shown can be displayed on special purpose auxiliary
drawings.
4.5.8.2 DCS points that indicate measured process values, including both analog
and digital values obtained from hardwired inputs or via software links
shall be shown (e.g., flows, temperatures, pressures, compositions from
analyzers, and valve open/closed status).
4.5.8.3 DCS points that manipulate analog or digital output hardware devices
shall be shown (e.g., flow, temperature and pressure controllers, hand
switches, and logic points).

4.5.8.4 DCS points that operations employ to manipulate the process shall be
shown (e.g., regulatory controllers and pump start/stop switches).
4.5.8.5 DCS points that provide operations an interface to manipulate the
process through a software link to other systems shall be shown (e.g.,
points that interface with controllers in the linked system and SIS reset
hand switches).
4.5.8.6 DCS points that are essential to understanding the operation of the
process controls shall be shown (e.g., selectors in override controls or
enthalpy calculators in heat duty controls).
4.5.8.7 DCS points that are required for regulatory compliance and mechanical
integrity needs shall be shown (e.g., rolling averages for emissions
monitoring or compressor runtimes).
4.5.8.8 DCS points that are necessary to understand the functional operation of
process control schemes shall be shown.
4.5.8.9 DCS points needed only for implementation shall not be shown (e.g.,
points that provide bumpless transfer, initialization, some logic functions).
4.5.8.10 Higher Level Control Systems shall not be shown (e.g., model predictive
multivariable control systems).
4.5.8.11 Symbols (e.g., hexagons, footballs) to indicate that a BPCS DCS point is
being manipulated by a Higher Level Control System shall not be added.
Comment: A note can be used to reference HLCS details.
4.5.8.12 DCS points that exist solely to facilitate information transfer via a
software link shall not be shown.
4.5.8.13 DCS points that are used solely to log, journal, or time stamp events shall
not be shown.
4.5.8.14 Nonprocess indicators and alarms in locations such as rack rooms and
motor control centers shall be shown on auxiliary P&IDs.
Comment: Examples include area monitors and safety shower status.
4.5.9 Miscellaneous
4.5.9.1 The following information shall be specifically excluded:
a. Controller actions
b. Controller and alarm set points
c. Configuration information (e.g., controller or output actions,
address information)
4.5.9.2 Miscellaneous instrument symbols shall be shown in accordance with
Appendix B-2.
4.5.9.3 Typical details illustrating the use of implied tags shall be shown in
accordance with Appendix B.

Appendixes Summary
The Appendixes of this Practice contain tables of commonly used symbols, abbreviations and labels,
typical details, and example P&IDs.
Appendix A contains detailed equipment labels for various equipment classes. The text is shown the same
size as would be utilized for a standard, full-size (22 inches x 34 inches) P&ID.
Appendix B contains symbols, abbreviations, and nomenclature, organized into legend sheets. Legend
sheets are also commonly referred to as lead sheets or cover sheets.
Appendix C contains example P&IDs that illustrate the text and utilize the symbols and nomenclature on
the legend sheets.
Appendix D contains information, symbols, and example P&IDs specific to the development of P&IDs
for the hygienic processing industries – pharmaceutical, food, and beverage.
Comment: The legend sheets and P&IDs are drawn as standard, full-size (22 inches x 34 inches) P&IDs,
but reduced to standard 8-1/2 inch x 11-inch pages for electronic distribution purposes. It is
recommended that the legend sheets and P&IDs be printed on 11-inch x 17-inch pages.

Appendix A – Detailed Equipment Labels
A-1 Equipment Labels

1. Agitator
2. Blower
3. Heat Exchanger
4. Jacketed Vessel
5. Other/Miscellaneous
6. Pump
7. Tank/Vessel

Appendix B – Legend sheets
B-1: Symbols and Nomenclature – Typical Piping

B-2: Symbols and Nomenclature – Typical Instrumentation
B-3: Symbols and Nomenclature – Typical Equipment
B-4: Typical Details with Implied Components
Note: The example legend sheets in this Appendix are not all-inclusive of the potential uses of
implied components. The implied component examples shown do not cover all actual
occurrences or design possibilities for instrument assemblies, such as the level bridles
shown. The user must ensure that the legend sheets capture their piping/instrument
requirements for their use of implied components. There are many more systems that may
require a legend sheet explanation to show the implied components – pump seals,
sampling systems, analyzer systems for example, as well as other types of level systems
than those shown here.

Appendix C – Example P&IDs
C-1: Example Process P&ID 1

C-2: Example Process P&ID 2
C-3: Example Utility P&ID
Note: The examples shown on the sample P&IDs in this Appendix are not all-inclusive of the potential
uses of implied components. The user must ensure that the legend sheets capture their
piping/instrument requirements for their use of implied components. There are many more systems
that may require a legend sheet explanation to show the implied components – pump seals,
sampling systems, analyzer systems for example, as well as other types of level systems than those
shown here.

Appendix D – P&IDs for the Hygienic Processing Industries
Section 1 - Introduction
The following section contains information specific to the development of P&IDs for hygienic process
systems – pharmaceutical, food, and beverage. Together, this Appendix and the PIC001 core document
provide the requirements for the preparation of P&IDs for the hygienic processing industries.
The numbering of the following headings and paragraphs in this Appendix corresponds to the numbering
of the PIC001 core document which this Appendix supplements. All of the following requirements are in
addition to, or modifications of, those in the core document. Provisions of the core document that are not
revised or noted here remain in force.
2. References
The following Industry Codes and Standards and Government Regulations are additional
references for consultation when working on P&IDs for hygienic process systems.
2.2 Industry Codes and Standards
 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
– ASME BPE – Bioprocessing Equipment
 ASTM International
– ASTM E2500 – Standard Guide for Specification, Design, and
Verification of Pharmaceutical and Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing
Systems and Equipment
2.3 Government Regulations
 CFR - Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMPs)
– 21 Code of Federal Regulations Part 110 – Current Good Manufacturing
Practice in Manufacturing, Packing, or Holding Human Food
Practice in Manufacturing Processing, Packing, or Holding of Drugs
Practice for Finished Pharmaceuticals
3. Definitions
The following are additional definitions that are specific to the hygienic processing industry.
Current Good Manufacturing Practice (CGMP): The FDA ensures the quality of food
and drug products by carefully monitoring drug manufacturers’ compliance with its
Current Good Manufacturing Practice (CGMP) regulations. The CGMP regulations for
drugs contain minimum requirements for the methods, facilities, and controls used in

manufacturing, processing, and packing of food and drug products. The regulations
make sure that a product is safe for use, and that it has the ingredients and strength it
claims to have. (Reference http://www.fda.gov)
clean-in-place (CIP): Internally cleaning a piece of equipment without relocation or

disassembly. The equipment is cleaned but not necessarily sterilized. The cleaning is
normally done by acid, caustic, or a combination of both, with water-for-injection (WFI)
rinse. (Reference ASME BPE)
clean-out-of-place (COP): Cleaning of a piece of equipment that can be partially

disassembled and cleaned in specialized COP pressure tanks
critical component: A component within a system where the operation, contact, data
control, alarm, or failure will have a direct impact on the quality of the product
direct impact system: A system that is expected to have a direct impact on product
quality. These systems are designed and commissioned in line with good engineering
practice and in addition, are subject to Qualification Practices that incorporate the
enhanced review, control, and testing against specifications or other requirements
necessary for CGMP compliance. In some instances, direct impact systems will depend
on indirect impact systems for effective operation and therefore, any interfaces need to be
carefully assessed.
flow plate: An assembly consisting of a plate with multiple ports and one or more swing
connections or pipe bends. Flow plates are used in processing units for redirection of
flows to multiple destinations.
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP): a management system in which food
safety is addressed through the analysis and control of biological, chemical, and physical
hazards from raw material production, procurement and handling, to manufacturing,
distribution and consumption of the finished product (Reference http://www.fda.gov)
hygienic process: A process that requires a defined level of purity and bioburden control,
typically applicable to the pharmaceutical, food and beverage, and bioprocessing
industries
indirect impact system: A system not expected to have a direct impact on product quality,
but typically will support a direct impact system
management of change: The application of a structured process and tools to enable

individuals or groups to transition from a current state to a future state, such that a desired
outcome is achieved
no impact system: A system that will not have any impact, either directly or indirectly, on
product quality
non-critical component: A component within a system where the operation, contact, data
control, alarm, or failure will have an indirect impact, or no impact on the quality of
product
pigging systems: Pigging systems are used in hygienic processes for product recovery and
to improve CIP operations

steam-in-place (SIP): the use of steam to sanitize or sterilize a piece of equipment

without the use of an autoclave (Reference ASME BPE)
swing connections: The combination of fittings that will swing up, down, or sideways
slightly for aligning pipe and for absorbing movement or strain
4. Requirements
4.2 Format
Following is additional information to supplement Section 4.2.1 on types of flow
diagrams specific to the hygienic processing industry.
4.2.1.18 Packaging Line and Material Handling Flow Diagrams
1. P&ID’s are developed for hygienic processes including pharmaceutical,
food, beverage, consumer products, and bio processing processes
including material handling systems and packaging lines. The P&ID’s
utilize specific symbols that identify the hygienic connections required for
the processes.
2. Packaging Lines and Material Flow Diagrams shall be laid out relative to
the plot plan orientation, sequence of operations, and in accordance with
Appendix DC.
2. To depict plot plan orientation, off-page connectors for a
connection/distribution P&ID may be positioned vertically in accordance
with Appendix C-3.
3. If match lines are required on utility collection/distribution P&IDs, the
lines shall match the connecting drawing match lines in accordance with
Appendix C-3.
4.2.1.19 Direct and Indirect Impact Systems
Comment: Direct and indirect impact systems strategies are commonly
utilized in the pharmaceutical and food & beverage industries.
The layout and orientation statements specified herein are
recommended as optimal and slight deviation, although not
encouraged, may be required due to space constraints.
4.2.1.19.1 System Breaks
1. Direct and indirect impact systems shall be shown on separate
drawings or sheets whenever possible.
2. When direct and indirect impact systems must be shown on the
same drawing or sheet, direct and indirect impact system
breaks shall be shown in accordance with Appendix B-1 at a
weight of 0.014inch (0.35 mm).
4.3 Equipment
The equipment classes are expanded in this section to cover equipment types that are
specific to hygienic process systems.

4.3.2 Classification of Equipment

The equipment classifications listed in Table 1 are used on the example P&IDs
contained in Appendix DC for illustrative purposes only. These equipment
classifications are only one example of classifications allowed by this Practice.
In some cases, additional equipment types have been added to the existing
equipment classes of the Section 4.3 table.
Table 1: Equipment Classifications
CLASS SUBJECT DESCRIPTION

CM Containment Isolators, Downflow Booths, Restricted Access
Barrier Systems, Rapid Transfer Ports and
Containers, Shrouds Systems
E Heat Exchangers Continuous Cookers, Pasteurizers, Vapor
Compression Stills, Pure Steam Generators,
Double Tube Sheet Sanitary, Multi-Effect Stills
FP Filling and Packaging Rotary Fillers, Linear Fillers, Accumulators, Case
Erectors, Case Packers, Labelers, Table Top
Conveyors, Case and Pallet Conveyors
HV HVAC Air Handling Units, Unit Heaters, Exhaust Fans,
Air Cooled Condensing Units, Louvers, Dampers
MT Material Transfer Vacuum Transfer Systems, Belt Conveyors,
Screw Conveyors, Bucket Conveyors, Drag
Conveyors, Vibratory Conveyors, Walking Floors,
Tubeveyors, Statistical Weighers, Feeders,
Chutes, Spouts
O Ovens / Cookers / Roasters, Warmers, Steam Sterilizers,
Fryers Blanchers, Temperature Tunnels, Pasteurizers
P Pumps Peristaltic, Circumferential Piston,
PE Packaged Equipment Depyrogenation Tunnels, CIP Skids, Vial
Washers, Chromographs, Stopper Washers,
Spiral Freezers, Freezing Tunnels
PS Particle Size Agglomerators, Spheronizer, Comill, Fitzmill,
Adjustment / Dryers Hammer Mill, Pin Mill, Fluid Bed Dryers &
Granulators, Wurster Columns, High Shear
Granulators, Microwaves, V-Blenders, Slant Cone
Blenders, Ribbon Blenders, Extruders, Screens,
Air Classifying Mills
U Miscellaneous Lyophilizers, Autoclaves, Metal Checkers, Static
Equipment Mixers, Crystallizers, Evaporators, Airgap Drains,
Tablet Presses, Encapsulators, Bread Pans
V Vessels Kettles, Liquifiers

4.3.6.1 The term heat exchanger also includes high temperature short time
(HTST) pasteurizers and sterilizers.
4.3.6.7 High temperature short term (HTST) processing / heat exchange is
typically conducted with a series of plates and tubes. This process is

typically used in pasteurization and sterilization. Symbols can be

modified to represent the type of heat exchanger arrangement used.
4.3.3 Equipment Data
The following equipment information shall be shown on the P&ID in relation
to the appropriate equipment symbol and in accordance with Section 4.2.4.4 for
these additional hygienic processing equipment classes.
4.3.3.10 Containment
 Equipment / Item Number
 Title/Service
 Materials of Construction
4.3.3.11 Filling and Packaging Equipment
 Equipment/Item Number
 Title/Service
 Size, Capacity
4.3.3.12 HVAC Equipment
 Title/Service
 Size, Capacity
 RH, Air Flows, Filtration Type (MERV)
4.3.3.13 Material Transfer Equipment
 Title/Service
 Size, Capacity
4.3.3.14 Ovens / Cookers / Fryers
 Title/Service
 Size, Capacity
4.3.3.15 Particle Size Adjustment / Drying Equipment
 Title/Service
 Size, Capacity

4.5 Instrumentation and Controls

The following is an additional requirement to the Instrumentation and Controls sub
paragraph on Level Gauges.
4.5.2.13 Level Gauges
5. Sight glasses shall be shown in the approximate relative location
desired with respect to the associated equipment for hygienic
processes.

Appendix DB– Legend sheets
DB-1: Symbols and Nomenclature – Typical Piping

DB-3: Symbols and Nomenclature – Typical Equipment
Appendix DC– Example P&IDs
DC-1: Example Process P&ID 1

Note: The examples shown on the sample P&IDs in this Appendix are not all-inclusive of the potential
uses of implied components. The user must ensure that the legend sheets capture their
piping/instrument requirements for their use of implied components. There are many more
systems that may require a legend sheet explanation to show the implied components – pump
seals, sampling systems, analyzer systems for example, as well as other types of level systems
than those shown here.

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TECHNICAL CORRECTION

This Practice is subject to revision at any time.

Not printed with State funds

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2.1 Process Industry Practices (PIP)

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interlock: System that, in response to a predetermined condition, initiates a predefined action.

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Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID): Detailed graphical representation of a process

Programmable Electronic System (PES): Logic performed by programmable or configurable devices

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4.2.1.14 Pump and compressor driver piping, instrumentation, and auxiliaries

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4.2.3.4 Packaged equipment limit lines shall be shown in accordance with

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4.3.1.4 Equipment shall be identified by a classification letter and sequence

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Table 1: Equipment Classifications

CLASS SUBJECT DESCRIPTION

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4.3.2.8 Packaged Equipment

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4.3.3.1 Agitators, Mixers

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Comment: To distinguish between two types of valves allowed by

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4.5.1.5 Interlock symbols shall be depicted as follows:

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5. A single stream analyzer shall be shown on the same P&ID as its

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Comment: Typically, a throttling control valve is shown with a

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4.5.3.6 If engineered as a separate item from the control valve, current to

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emergency pressure conditions regardless of whether the

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Comment: Unnecessary clutter can be avoided by use of a table or

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Appendix A – Detailed Equipment Labels

A-1 Equipment Labels

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Appendix B – Legend sheets

B-1: Symbols and Nomenclature – Typical Piping

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