Pascua Patricio Final Thesis
Pascua Patricio Final Thesis
Pascua Patricio Final Thesis
CHAPTER
1 INTRODUCTION
Background of the study 1
Statement of the Problem 1
Significance of the study 2
Scope and Limitations of the study 2
Operational Definition of terms 2
III METHODOLOGY 6
Research design 6
Locale of the study 6
Variable of the study 6
Cultural management 6
Data gathering procedure 8
Cost and return analysis 9
Mariano Marcos State University
Researchers:
VALERIE V. PATRICIO
Background of Study
Tomato belongs to the Family Solanaceae and originated from Tropical America. It is an annual
herbaceous plant, stems are soft, brittle and hairy when young, hard and woody when old. The 5-
16 inches long leaves are alternately arranged. Flowers are borne in clusters and the fruit has two
to many celled-berries. The seeds are kidney-shaped covered with short hair (Rosales, 2013).
Tomato is an important crop for Ilocano growers. However, high production yield is not easily
achieved. Tomato production requires highly intensive management, production and marketing
skills, and significant investment (Salvador, 2017)
Vermicompost is the product of a composting process through the utilization of various species
of worms, to create a heterogeneous mixture of decomposing organic materials. Vermicast, also
known as the product of organic matter breakdown by earthworms. Vermicomposting gained
popularity both in the industrial and domestic settings because it provides a way to compost
organic materials more quickly as compared with conventional composting (as defined by a
higher rate of carbon-to nitrogen ratio) and to attain products that have lower salinity levels that
are therefore more beneficial to plant mediums (http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermicompost).
Organic manures are slow leaching and have to be applied in bulk because of their lower N, P
and K content. Applying organic fertilizer like vermicompost in bulk raises economic concerns
in the minds of farmers who wish to operate for organic farming. It has been observed that there
is no significant difference on applying higher doses of vermicompost and lowest dose (5t/ha).
Thus, vermicompost application is cost effective. Moreover, it may take more than two years for
an organic farm to improve the soil health enough to make the growth and yield equivalent to
chemical fertilizers. In India, thousands of tons of grains got destroyed every year due to lack of
storage facilities. If proper storage facilities are provided, the yield loss which occurs during
initial years in an organic farm may be recovered. Moreover, consumer health, harmful effects of
agrochemical and over-populations are bigger issues than yield loss. So, the result of related
studies proves economic viability of applying vermicompost. (http://www.ijrowa.com).
Ultimately, farmers specifically tomato growers will be benefited from the results of the study.
Indeed, better concentration of Applying Vermicompost that gives high yield tends to have
higher income due to the good quality of performance tomato produce as well. The results of the
study can provide information and can contribute in the economic as pectasit produces a better
quality of tomato fruit. The researcher can also use the results as their reference material and
Extension workers could disseminated the results to their clienteles.
CHAPTER II
This study will conduct to determine the Growth Performance of Tomato as affected by
Vermicompost on the growth of different vegetables and to find out which among the different
vegetables will give the best growth performance when applied with organic fertilizers.
An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of vermicompost on growth, yield and
fruit quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. Super Beta) in a field condition. The
experiment was a randomized complete block design with four replications. The different rates
of vermicompost (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1) was incorporated into the top 15 cm of soil. During
experiment period, fruits were harvested twice in a week and total yield were recorded for two
months. At the end of experiment, growth characteristics such as leaf number, leaf area and
shoot dry weights were determined. The results revealed that addition of vermicompost at rate of
15 t ha-1 significantly (at p<0.05) increased growth and yield compared to control.
Vermicompost with rate of 15 t ha-1 increased EC of fruit juice and percentage of fruit dry
matter up to 30 and 24%, respectively. The content of K, P, Fe and Zn in the plant tissue
increased 55, 73, 32 and 36% compared to untreated plots respectively. The result of our
Province, where the tomato-growing area encompassed more than 85,000 hectares in 2014 (Zhao
et al., 2015). However, determining how to improve tomato quality without reducing fruit yield
remains an urgent unsolved problem. The use of organic farming with organic amendments as
nutrient inputs to the soil is currently increasing, and organic farming is becoming an alternative
Tomato yield and quality using soils with different tomato planting history. Four types of
fertilization regimes were compared: (1) conventional fertilizer with urea, (2) chicken manure
compost, (3) vermicompost, and (4) no fertilizer. The effects on plant growth, yield and fruit
quality and soil properties (including microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, NH+4-N, NO−3-
N, soil water-soluble organic carbon, soil pH and electrical conductivity) were investigated in
samples collected from the experimental soils at different tomato growth stages. The main results
showed that: (1) vermicompost and chicken manure compost more effectively promoted plant
growth, including stem diameter and plant height compared with other fertilizer treatments, in all
three types of soil; (2) vermicompost improved fruit quality in each type of soil, and increased
the sugar/acid ratio, and decreased nitrate concentration in fresh fruit compared with the CK
treatment; (3) vermicompost led to greater improvements in fruit yield (74%), vitamin C (47%),
and soluble sugar (71%) in soils with no tomato planting history compared with those in soils
with long tomato planting history; and (4) vermicompost led to greater improvements in soil
quality than chicken manure compost, including higher pH (averaged 7.37 vs. averaged 7.23)
and lower soil electrical conductivity (averaged 204.1 vs. averaged 234.6 μS/cm) at the end of
experiment in each type of soil. We conclude that vermicompost can be recommended as a
fertilizer to improve tomato fruit quality and yield and soil quality, particularly for soils with no
Conceptual Framework
The growth performance of tomato by applying the vermicompost could have a big
impact to the crop of tomato. These fertilizers can supply the nutrients needed if apply properly.
The Vermicompost is the main concerns of researchers to change the growth performance of
Independent Variables
Dependent Variables
Improve growth
Vermicompost development
Increase nutrients
in the soil
1. There are significant on the Growth Performance of using Vermicompost on the applying
of the Tomato
3. There are significantly higher net income and profit obtained with the use of organic
fertilizer.
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
This study will be conducted at Brgy 29 San Juan Pasuquin Ilocos Norte. Its respondents
will be randomly selected farmers in San Juan. Data will gather from them through a field
experimental unit. After which, gathered data will be analyze and measure with the use of
The study was be conducted at Brgy San Juan Pasuququin Ilocos Norte. The location is
considered as lowland and the source of water for irrigation is from a swallow tube well and will
Cultural Management
Land Preparation
`This experiment area used was about 110m2 was prepared by removing weeds, clearing
and plowing with a mechanized tractor. The field was rotavated twice in order to pulverize and
Sowing of seeds
Starts seeds in flats or peat pots 8-9 weeks prior to the last spring frost date. Seeds
Tomato seedling was ready for transplanting three weeks after sowing. One seedling per
hill planted at a distance of 0.75 cm between rows and 0.50 m between hills. This was done late
Vermicompost can be used to increase the fruiting process of plants as well as to increase
Irrigation
Irrigation was done after transplanting. Succeeding irrigation was done as the need arose
Weed Management
Hand weeding was done to minimize the growth of weeds that completed with the crop
nutrients, light and moisture. Weeding was done during the growing season.
Harvesting
Started at 6 WATS, depending on the variety and the intended use of the fruits. The fruit
were harvested as soon as they attained satisfactory in size, shiny. Manual harvesting was done
This was gathered from transplanting until the time when the plants produced flowers.
Days to maturity
Height of Tomato.
This was gathered by measuring the height of 12 randomly selected sample taken from
the ground level to the tip of the terminal growing point at 30 and 65 DAT using a meter stick.
This was taken by counting the number of fruits per kilogram that has no damaged from
This was taken by counting the number of fruits per kilogram that over matured from 1st
All the data gathered wire statistically analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA)
for Randomized Complete Block Design. Treatment means of parameters that showed significant
The cost of production was computed based on the current prices of inputs and labor cost
during the conduct of the study. It was computed by subtracting the total cost of the production
LITERATURE CITED
http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermicompost.
http://www.ijrowa.com.
http://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2017.01978/full
http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomato
https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=PH2013000084Growth and yield