Infografía Material de Laboratorio Ilustrado Azul y Amarillo

Chemical
Solutions
Michelle Ceron Crespo
What are they ?

A chemical solution is a homogeneous
mixture formed by the complete
dissolution of a solute in a solvent,
resulting in a uniform combination of
substances at the molecular level.
The solute is the substance that is dissolved in a

solution, and the solvent is the medium in which
the solute is dissolved. This phenomenon is
possible due to the interaction between solute
molecules and solvent molecules, which break
down intermolecular forces and allow the mixing
of both substances.
Empirical solution
An empirical solution is one that is based on practical
experience and observation of results. In contrast to
theoretical solutions, which are based on abstract
principles or mathematical models, an empirical solution
uses the trial-and-error approach to find answers or
solutions to specific problems.
Types of Empirical Solutions
Diluted Solution
It is a solution in which a small amount of the solute has
been added in relation to the amount of the solvent
present. The taste of the resulting solution, the color
obtained, among other criteria, will indicate how diluted or
concentrated the solution is. .
Concentrated Solution
These are solutions that have an abundant or high
amount of solute with respect to the amount of solvent
in the solution. An empirical solution is concentrated by
adding more solute or decreasing the volume of the
solvent.
Unsaturated solution
It is a solution in which the amount of solute is high
without saturating the solution. Therefore, even
more solute can be dissolved without the
formation of a precipitate.
Saturated solution
It is the solution
Saturated in which the maximum amount of
solution
solute
It is thethat the solvent
solution in whichcan
thedissolve
maximum hasamount
been of solute
added.
that theNo more solute
solvent will behas
can dissolve dissolved in the No more
been added.
solution
solute solvent
will in the prepared
be dissolved solution.
in the solution solvent in the
Evaluated solutions
Evaluated solutions, or standard solutions,
are those in which the concentration
measurements of their components are
known and followed precisely.
It should be noted that solute is found in smaller quantities

than solvent. In this sense, in the titrated substances, the
exact amounts of solute and solvent required to make the
standard solution are known.
To make a titrated solution, each component of the solution

must be weighed or measured and it must be ensured that
not a milligram of solute or solvent remains adhered to any
of the measuring instruments.
Types of Solutions Valued

Ionic Valued Solutions Elementary Valued Valued Solutions
Solutions Formulated
They are those in which
the components of the These solutions are These solutions are
solution (the solute and made up of elements in based on the calculation
the solvent) form ionic their pure state and are of the atomic weight
bonds. This means that obtained from solutions and the number of
two or more ions are of other compounds. elements present in the
bonded. solution.
Concentration
Concentration is the measure that expresses the relationship between the
amounts of the elements in a solution (solute and solvent). This ratio is as follows:
Concentration = amount of solute / amount of solvent.
Molarity Mass Percentage (Mass T%)

Molarity is the concentration of a solution Another common form is the percentage by mass
expressed in moles of the solute per liter (% by mass). This concentration expression relates
of solution. It is abbreviated as M and the mass of the solute to one hundred units of mass
expresses a ratio of the mass of the of the solution.
solute to the volume of the solution (m/v), Mass is usually expressed in grams, however, other
although traditionally this ratio is mass measurements can be used.
expressed as weight to volume.
The formula for the mass percentage is as follows:
Molarity = number of moles of solute (mol)
% by mass = (solute mass / solution mass) x 100
/ liters of solution (L).
Percentage in volume (% in volume) Grams per liter (g/L)

The percentage by volume expresses the This concentration expression establishes a
ratio of the amount of solute by volume to relationship between the solute mass
one hundred units of volume of the solution. (expressed in grams) and the volume of the
The most commonly used measurements are solution (expressed in liters).
the liter (L) and the cubic centimeter (cm3). It is used in educational practices, but it is
The formula for the percentage in volume is not common in the professional field.
as follows:
% by volume = (solute volume / solution The formula for this expression is as follows:
volume) x 100
g/L = grams of solute/liters of solution

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Infografía Material de Laboratorio Ilustrado Azul y Amarillo

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Chemical

What are they ?

The solute is the substance that is dissolved in a

Types of Empirical Solutions

It should be noted that solute is found in smaller quantities

To make a titrated solution, each component of the solution

Types of Solutions Valued

Molarity Mass Percentage (Mass T%)

Percentage in volume (% in volume) Grams per liter (g/L)

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