Unidad 3

ENGLISH LANGUAGE
CONTENTS
UNIT 3
Emergencies at sea
To respond effectively to an emergency situation requires adequate equipment,
appropriate training and a will to survive. By learning and practising the skills of risk
management, survival, and firefighting you may save your life.
The accidents that can befall a vessel and its crew may be:
Loss of rudder or propulsion.
Collision.
Fire on board.
Sinking.
Grounding.
Man overboard.
Abandonment.
Flooding.
Capsize.
Oil spill.
EMERGENCY AND SAFETY ON BOARD
Hombre al agua Man overboard

Hombre al agua por la banda de babor! Man overboard, port side!
Hombre al agua por la banda de estribor! Man overboard, starboard side!
Arroje una guindola! Drop lifebuoy!
Ha sido localizada la persona en el agua? Is person in water located?
Si, ha sido localizada Yes, person in water is located
Fuego! Fire!
Humo Smoke
¿Que se quema? What is on fire?
Paren ventiladores Switch off ventilators
Cierren todas las aberturas Close all openings
Corten el combustible Stop Fuel
Pónganse ropa de abrigo Put on warm clothing
Abandonen sus camarotes Leave your cabins immediately
Lleven sus chalecos salvavidas Take life jackets with you
Todos los tripulantes al punto de reunión All crew members to assembly
point.
Entre al bote salvavidas Enter the lifeboat.
Arrie el bote salvavidas Lower lifeboat.
Arroje la balsa salvavidas Throw over board liferaft.
Salte al agua Jump into the water
Alarma general de emergencia General emergency alarm.

Opere la alarma general de emergencia Operate the general emergency
alarm
El fuego no esta aun bajo control The fire is not under control yet.
El fuego esta controlado The fire is under control.
Abandone la sala de maquinas Leave the engine room
immediately
Abandonen sus camarotes Leave your cabins immediately
Lleven sus chalecos salvavidas Take life jackets with you.
Todos los tripulantes al punta de reunión All crew members to assembly
point.
Reunirse en cubierta Assemble on deck.
Reunirse en la cubierta de botes Assemble on lifeboat deck
banda de babor on port side.
Reunirse en la cubierta de botes Assemble on lifeboat deck

banda de estribor on starboard side.
No concurra a la estacion de Do not go to the lifeboat station
embarque hasta que no se lo ordenen before ordered.
Todas las rutas de escape están libres All escape routes are clear.
La ruta de escape desde… hasta… The escape route from... to... will be
estará libre en... minutos clear in... minutes.
THE WEATHER (el clima)
What is the weather like? (present)

What was the weather like? (past)
What will the weather be like? (future)
GRAMMAR OF THE UNIT.
Simple past.
The simple past tense of the regular verbs is formed by adding -ED to the
infinitive: To work – worked.
Verbs ending in E only add D:
Smile – smiled.
All the conjugations have the same form:
I worked, you worked… he worked… they worked.
The negative form of the regular as well as irregular verbs is by adding ‘did no’ (didn’t)
+ the infinitive of the main verb:
We did not (didn’t) work.

He did not (didn’t) work.
The interrogative of all verbs is made by the same formula:

Did + subject + infinitive:
Did you work?

Did she work?
Irregular verbs are those which past doesn’t have a rule to be formed, ex:
Eat – ate, see – saw, speak – spoke, etc.
Use of the simple past:
This verbal tense is used for actions completed in a definite time in the past. Therefore,
it is used for:
o Actions in which the time is defined: ‘I saw her last week’, ‘Pasteur died
in 1895’.
o When the time of the action is asked: : ‘When did you meet him’
o When the action took place in a time expressively defined despite not
being mentioned: ‘The train was ten minutes late’. How did you get your
present job?’.
o Briefly, time of the action is clearly explicit or implicit in the past and it’s
about an action already finished.
o It’s also used for past habits: ‘She always took her umbrella with her’.
Past Continuous Tense.
This verbal tense is composed by the verb to be in the past tense as an auxiliary + the
past participle of the main verb:
I.E:
Affirmative form. Interrogative form. Negative form.

I was working Was I working? I wasn’t working.
You were working Were you working? You weren’t working.
He/she/it was working Was he/she/it working? He/she/it wasn’t working.
We were working Were we working? We weren’t working.

You were working Were you working? You weren’t working.
They were working. Were they working? They weren’t working.
The contracted forms in the negative correspond to: wasn’t (was not) and weren’t (were
not).
Uses of the past continuous tense:
1 - This tense is mainly used to refer to past actions which continued for a certain time
but which limits are known and not important.
2- Used without indications, the precise time could refer to a gradual development:
It was getting darker.

The storm was getting worse.
3- Used with a point in the time it serves as a reference to when the action started and
probably continued after it finished.
I was having dinner at eight p.m. when Emily arrived. (I might have continued
having dinner after she arrived).
In this case, the action in the past continuous was under development at the
moment the action in simple past interrupted it, this doesn’t mean that the action
in the past didn’t continue.
4- – We can also use the past continuous in descriptions:
John was singing a beautiful song while Mary was playing the piano and the
guests were listening delightfully. (Both actions in the past continuous describe
what was happening).
MUST / HAVE TO / SHOULD
We use have to / must / should + infinitive to talk about obligation, things that are
necessary to do, or to give advice about things that are a good idea to do.
Must and have to are both used for obligation and are often quite similar. They are both
followed by the infinitive.
I must go now. / I have to go now.
Are these exactly the same?

Well, almost. We often use must for more personal opinions about what it is necessary
to do, and have to for what somebody in authority has said it is necessary to do.
I must remember to get a present for Daisy. (my opinion)
You have to look after their hair regularly. (dog experts say so)
Do you have to wear a tie for school? (asking about school rules)
Which verb do people use more?

Have to is more frequent in conversation; must is used more in formal writing, for
example in written notices.
Passengers must fasten their seat-belts.
Do they change in form for I, you, he, she, etc.?

Have changes in the third person singular (he/she/it has); but must doesn’t change. It’s a
modal verb and modals don’t change.
Something important:
There’s something very important about must and have to. The positive forms are very
similar in meaning, but the negative forms are completely different.
You mustn’t forget ...
(don’t forget - you have no choice)
If you don't like him, you don't have to see him again.
(there is no obligation to see him again, but you have a choice)
Here's an example you can remember:

In a non-smoking area you mustn’t smoke, but in a smoking area you don’t have to
smoke but you can if you want to.
Now let’s look at advice, telling people what you think is a good idea. We use should for
advice, or making suggestions, and must for strong advice.
You must go for a walk with the dog at least once a day.
Maybe you should go for a coffee or lunch and see how you feel?
You shouldn't leave it on the street.

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ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Loss of rudder or propulsion.

Hombre al agua Man overboard

Alarma general de emergencia General emergency alarm.

Reunirse en la cubierta de botes Assemble on lifeboat deck

What is the weather like? (present)

GRAMMAR OF THE UNIT.

infinitive: To work – worked.

Verbs ending in E only add D:

All the conjugations have the same form:

I worked, you worked… he worked… they worked.

We did not (didn’t) work.

The interrogative of all verbs is made by the same formula:

Did you work?

Use of the simple past:

Affirmative form. Interrogative form. Negative form.

We were working Were we working? We weren’t working.

Uses of the past continuous tense:

It was getting darker.

4- – We can also use the past continuous in descriptions:

Are these exactly the same?

Which verb do people use more?

Do they change in form for I, you, he, she, etc.?

Here's an example you can remember:

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