Applied Calculus 6e Tan
Applied Calculus 6e Tan
Applied Calculus 6e Tan
5, page 325
x 0 750 1500
f (x) 0 1,125,000 0
we conclude that x = 750 yields the absolute maximum value of A.Thus, the
required dimensions are 750 × 1500 yards. The maximum area is 1,125,000 sq yd.
Let x denote the length of one of the sides. Then y = 3000 - 3x = 3(1000 - x). The
area is A(x) = xy = 3x(1000 - x) = -3x2 + 3000x for 0 < x < 1000. Next,
A'(x) = -6x + 3000 = -6(x - 500). Setting A'(x) = 0 gives x = 500 as the critical
point. From the table of values
x 0 500 1000
A(x) 0 750,000 0
3. Let x denote the length of the side made of wood and y the length of the side made
of steel. The cost of construction will be C = 6(2x) + 3y. But xy = 800. So
FG IJ
800 2400
H K
y = 800/x and therefore C = f ( x ) = 12 x + 3
x
= 12 x +
x
. To minimize C,
we compute
2400 12 x 2 − 2400 12( x 2 − 200)
f '( x ) = 12 − 2 = = .
x x2 x2
Setting f '(x) = 0 gives x = ± 200 as critical points of f. The sign diagram of f '
4800
shows that x = ± 200 gives a relative minimum of f. f ′′( x ) = >0
x3
if x > 0 and so f is concave upward for x > 0. Therefore x = 200 = 10 2 actually
yields the absolute minimum. So the dimensions of the enclosure should be
800
10 2 ft × ft , or 14.1 ft x 56.6 ft.
10 2
x 0 5/3 4
f (x) 0 2450/27 0
we see that x = 5/3 gives rise to an absolute maximum of f. Thus, the dimensions
which yield the maximum volume are 14 3 "× 3 "× 3 " . The maximum volume is
35 5
2450 , or approximately 90.7 cubic inches.
27
5. Let the dimensions of each square that is cut out be x" × x". Refer to the following
diagram.
Then the dimensions of the box will be (8 - 2x)" by (8 - 2x)" by x". Its volume will
be V = f (x) = x(8 - 2x)2. We want to maximize f on [0,4].
f '(x) = (8 - 2x)2 + x(2)(8 - 2x)(-2) [Using the Product Rule.]
= (8 - 2x)[(8 - 2x) - 4x] = (8 - 2x)(8 - 6x) = 0
if x = 4 or 4/3. The latter is a critical point in (0,4).
x 0 4/3 4
f (x) 0 1024/27 0
We see that x = 4/3 yields an absolute maximum for f. So the dimensions of the
6. Let the dimensions of the box be x" × x" × y". Since its volume is 108 cubic
inches, we have x2y = 108. We want to minimize S = x2 + 4xy. But y = 108/x2
108 FG IJ 432
x H K
and so we want to minimize S = x 2 + 4 x 2 = x 2 +
x
( x > 0). Now
432 2( x 3 − 216)
S′ = 2x − = .
x2 x2
Setting S ' = 0 gives x = 6 as a critical point of S. The sign diagram
7. Let x denote the length of the sides of the box and y denote its height. Referring to
the following figure, we see that the volume of the box is given by x2y = 128. The
512
= 2x2 + square inches.
x
We want to minimize f subject to the condition that x > 0. Now
8. From the given figure, we see that x2y = 20 and y = 20/x2, and
FG IJ
20 800
H K
C = 30 x 2 + 10(4 xy ) + 20 x 2 = 50 x 2 + 40 x 2 = 50 x 2 +
x x
.
800
To find the critical points of C, we solve C ′ = 100 x − 2 = 0 , obtaining ,
x
3 3 1600
100x = 800, x = 8, or x = 2. Next, C" = 3 > 0 for all x > 0, we see that x = 2
x
gives the absolute minimum value of C. Since y = 20/4 = 5, we see that the
dimensions are 2 ft × 2 ft × 5 ft.
9. The length plus the girth of the box is 4x + h = 108 and h = 108 - 4x. Then
V = x2h = x2(108 - 4x) = 108x2 - 4x3
and V ' = 216x - 12x2. We want to maximize V on the interval [0,27]. Setting
V '(x) = 0 and solving for x, we obtain x = 18 and x = 0. Evaluating V(x) at x = 0,
x = 18, and x = 27, we obtain
V(0) = 0, V(18) = 11,664, and V(27) = 0
Thus, the dimensions of the box are 18" × 18" × 36" and its maximum volume is
approximately 11,664 cu in.
r 0 36/π 54/π
V 0 46,656/π 0
we conclude that the maximum volume occurs when r = 36/π ≈ 11.5 inches and
e j
A = 108 − 2π 36
π = 36 inches and its volume is 46,656/π cu in .
12. Let r and h denote the radius and height of the container. Since its capacity is to be
36 cu in, we have πr2h = 36 or h = 36/πr2. We want to minimize S = 2πr2 + 2πrh or
F I
S = f (r ) = 2π r 2 + 2π r 362 = 2π r + 72
H K r ,
2
πr
over the interval (0, ∞). Now
f ′(r )
HπK
3
,
πr
as the only critical point of f. Next, observe that f ′′(r ) = 4π + 144
π r > 0 for r in
F 18I 1/ 3
minimum of f. We find h =
πb g
=
π
π 18
18 2 / 3 HπK
1/ 3 2/3
13. Let y denote the height and x the width of the cabinet. Then y = (3/2)x. Since the
volume is to be 2.4 cu ft, we have xyd = 2.4, where d is the depth of the cabinet.
320
= + 60 x 2 .
x
320 120 x 3 − 320 8 2 2
C ′( x ) = − 2 + 120 x = 2
= 0 if x = 3 = 3 = 3 9
x x 3 3 3
2
Therefore, x = 3 9 is a critical point of C. The sign diagram
3
640
shows that x = 23 3 9 gives a relative minimum. Next, C ′′( x ) = 3 + 120 > 0
x
for all x > 0 tells us that the graph of C is concave upward. So x = 23 3 9 yields an
absolute minimum. The required dimensions are 2
3
3
9 ′× 3 9 ′× 52 3 9 ′.
14. Since the perimeter of the window is 28 ft, we have
2x + 2y + πx = 28 or y = 21 (28 − πx − 2 x )
We want to maximize
A = 2 xy + 21 πx 2 = 21 πx 2 + x (28 − πx − 2 x ) = 21 πx 2 + 28 x − πx 2 − 2 x 2
= 28 x − π2 x 2 − 2 x 2 .
Now A' = 28 - πx - 4x = 0 gives x = 428
+π as a critical point of A. Since
A" = -π - 4 < 0, the point yields a maximum of A. Finally,
1
y = 28 −
LM 28π
−
56
=
OP LM
1 112 + 28π − 28π − 56
=
28
.
OP
2 N 4+π 4+π 2 Q 4+π N 4+π Q
15. We want to maximize the function
R(x) = (200 + x)(300 - x) = -x2 + 100x + 60000.
R'(x) = -2x + 100 = 0
gives x = 50 and this is a critical point of R. Since R"(x) = -2 < 0, we see that x = 50
16. Let x denote the number of trees beyond 22 per acre. Then the yield is
Y = (36 - 2x)(22 + x) = -2x2 - 8x + 792.
Next, Y ' = -4x - 8 = 0 gives x = -2 as the critical point of Y. Now Y ′′ = -4 < 0 and
so x = -2 gives the absolute maximum of Y. So we should plant 20 trees/acre.
17. Let x denote the number of people beyond 20 who sign up for the cruise. Then the
revenue is R ( x) = (20 + x)(600 − 4 x) = −4 x 2 + 520 x + 12, 000 . We want to
maximize R on the closed bounded interval [0, 70].
R '( x) = −8 x + 520 = 0 implies x = 65,
a critical point of R. Evaluating R at this critical point and the endpoints, we have
x 0 65 70
R(x) 12,000 28,900 28,800
18. Let x denote the number of bottles beyond 10,000. Then the profit is
P ( x) = (10, 000 + x)(5 − 0.0002 x) = −0.0002 x 2 + 3 x + 50, 000
We want to maximize P on [0, ∞) .
P '( x) = −0.0004 x + 3 = 0
implies x = 7500. Since P "( x) = −0.0004 < 0, the graph of P is concave
downward, and we see that x = 7500 gives the absolute maximum of P. So Phillip
should produce 17,000 bottles of wine giving a profit of
P (7500) = −0.0002(7500) 2 + 3(7500) + 50, 000 or $61,250.
The price will be 5 − 0.0002(7500) or $3.50/bottle.
x 0 2250 10000
f (x) 22500 21000 26101
From the table, we see that x = 2250 gives the absolute minimum.
16r 2
22. We need to minimize Vˆ = − r2 . Now,
(r + 2 )
1 2
= = =0
(r + 12 )3 (r + 12 )3
implies 8 − (r + 12 )3 = 0, (r + 12 )3 = 8, r + 12 = 2, or r = 32 .
16 ( 2 )
3 2
Next, Vˆ ( 32 ) = − ( 32 ) = ( 32 ) (4 − 1) = 3 ( 94 ) = 274
2 2
2
2
16 16
h= −1 = −1 = 3
(r + 2 )
1 2
4
So the dimensions are r = 2 , and h = 3. From the table
3
r 0 3
2
7
2
Vˆ 0 0
27
4
We see that V is maximized if r = 32 . So the radius is 1.5 ft, and the height is 3'.
24. The fuel cost is x/400 dollars per mile, and the labor cost is 8/x dollars per mile.
8 x 8 1
Therefore, the total cost is C ( x ) = + ; C '( x ) = − 2 + .
x 400 x 400
8 1
Setting C ′( x ) = 0 gives − 2 = − ; x 2 = 3200, and x = 56.57.
x 400
25. Let x denote the number of motorcycle tires in each order. We want to minimize
FG
40,000 IJ 16,000,000
C ( x ) = 400
H
x K
+x=
x
+ x.
16,000,000 x 2 − 16,000,000
We compute C ′( x ) = − + 1 = .
x2 x2
Setting C'(x) = 0 gives x = 4000, a critical point of C. Since
32,000,000
C ′′( x ) = > 0 for all x > 0,
x3
we see that the graph of C is concave upward and so x = 4000 gives an absolute
minimum of C. So there should be 10 orders per year, each order of 4000 tires.
26. Let x denote the number of bottles in each order. We want to minimize
2, 000, 000 x 400, 000, 000
C ( x) = 200 + (0.40) = + 0.2 x.
x 2 x
400,000,000
We compute C '( x ) = − + 0.2. Setting C '(x) = 0 gives
x2
400,000,000
x2 = = 2,000,000,000 , or x = 44,721, a critical point of C.
0.2
800,000,000
C ′( x ) = > 0 for all x > 0, and we see that the graph of C is concave
x3
upward and so x = 44,721 gives an absolute minimum of C. Therefore, there
should be 2,000,000/x ≈ 45 orders per year (since we can not have fractions of an
order.) Then each order should be for 2,000,000/4.5 ≈ 44,445 bottles.
500,000,000
27. We want to minimize the function C ( x ) = + 0.2 x + 500,000 on the
x
500,000,000
interval (0, 1,000,000). Differentiating C(x), we have C ′( x ) = − + 0.2.
x2
Setting C ′( x ) = 0 and solving the resulting equation, we find 0.2x2 = 500,000,000
and x = 2,500,000,000 or x = 50,000. Next, we find
28. The area enclosed by the rectangular region of the racetrack is A = (A)(2r ) = 2rA .
The length of the racetrack is 2π r + 2A , and is equal to 1760. That is,
2(π r + A) = 1760; π r + A = 880, or A = 880 − π r.
Therefore, we want to maximize A = f (r ) = 2r (880 − π r ) = 1760r − 2π r 2 .
The restricition on r is 0 ≤ r ≤ 880π . To maximize A, we compute
1760 440
f '(r ) = 1760 − 4π r . Setting f '(r ) = 0 gives r = = ≈ 140. Since
4π π
f (0) = f ( 880
π ) = 0 , we see that the maximum rectangular area is enclosed if we
take r = 440
π and A = 880 − π ( 440
π ) = 440 . So r = 140 and A = 440. The total area
( )
2
enclosed is 2r A + π r 2 = 2 ( 440
π ) (440) + π = 2(440) 2
+ 440
π = ≈ 184,874 sq ft.
2 580,000
440
π π π