EXERCISES 4.

5, page 325

1. Refer to the following figure.

We have 2x + y = 3000 and we want to maximize the function

A = f (x) = xy = x(3000 - 2x) = 3000x - 2x2
on the interval [0,1500]. The critical point of A is obtained by solving
f '(x) = 3000 - 4x = 0, giving x = 750. From the table of values

x 0 750 1500
f (x) 0 1,125,000 0

we conclude that x = 750 yields the absolute maximum value of A.Thus, the
required dimensions are 750 × 1500 yards. The maximum area is 1,125,000 sq yd.

2. Refer to the following figure.

Let x denote the length of one of the sides. Then y = 3000 - 3x = 3(1000 - x). The
area is A(x) = xy = 3x(1000 - x) = -3x2 + 3000x for 0 < x < 1000. Next,
A'(x) = -6x + 3000 = -6(x - 500). Setting A'(x) = 0 gives x = 500 as the critical
point. From the table of values

x 0 500 1000
A(x) 0 750,000 0

4 Applications of the Derivative 370

 we see that f (500) = 750,000 is the absolute maximum value. Next,
y = 3(1000 - 500) = 1500. Therefore, the required dimensions are 500 yd × 1500
yd. The area is 750,000 sq yd.

3. Let x denote the length of the side made of wood and y the length of the side made
of steel. The cost of construction will be C = 6(2x) + 3y. But xy = 800. So
FG IJ
800 2400
H K
y = 800/x and therefore C = f ( x ) = 12 x + 3
x
= 12 x +
x
. To minimize C,

we compute
2400 12 x 2 − 2400 12( x 2 − 200)
f '( x ) = 12 − 2 = = .
x x2 x2
Setting f '(x) = 0 gives x = ± 200 as critical points of f. The sign diagram of f '

4800
shows that x = ± 200 gives a relative minimum of f. f ′′( x ) = >0
x3
if x > 0 and so f is concave upward for x > 0. Therefore x = 200 = 10 2 actually
yields the absolute minimum. So the dimensions of the enclosure should be
800
10 2 ft × ft , or 14.1 ft x 56.6 ft.
10 2

4. Refer to the following figures.

The volume of the box is given by

V = f (x) = (8 - 2x)(15 - 2x)x = 4x3 - 46x2 + 120x.
Since the sides of the box must be nonnegative, we must have
8 - 2x > 0 or x < 4

371 4 Applications of the Derivative

 and 15 - 2x > 0 or x < 15 .
2
The problem is equivalent to the following: Find the absolute maximum of f on
[0,4]. Now, f '(x) = 12x2 - 92x + 120 = 4(3x2 - 23x + 30) = 4(3x - 5)(x - 6) so that
f '(x) = 0 implies x = 5/3 or x = 6. Since x = 6 is outside the interval [0,4], only
x = 5/3 qualifies as the critical point of f. From the table of values

x 0 5/3 4
f (x) 0 2450/27 0

we see that x = 5/3 gives rise to an absolute maximum of f. Thus, the dimensions
which yield the maximum volume are 14 3 "× 3 "× 3 " . The maximum volume is
35 5
2450 , or approximately 90.7 cubic inches.
27

5. Let the dimensions of each square that is cut out be x" × x". Refer to the following

diagram.

Then the dimensions of the box will be (8 - 2x)" by (8 - 2x)" by x". Its volume will
be V = f (x) = x(8 - 2x)2. We want to maximize f on [0,4].
f '(x) = (8 - 2x)2 + x(2)(8 - 2x)(-2) [Using the Product Rule.]
= (8 - 2x)[(8 - 2x) - 4x] = (8 - 2x)(8 - 6x) = 0
if x = 4 or 4/3. The latter is a critical point in (0,4).

x 0 4/3 4
f (x) 0 1024/27 0

We see that x = 4/3 yields an absolute maximum for f. So the dimensions of the

4 Applications of the Derivative 372

 3 "× 3 "× 3 " .
box should be 16 16 4

6. Let the dimensions of the box be x" × x" × y". Since its volume is 108 cubic
inches, we have x2y = 108. We want to minimize S = x2 + 4xy. But y = 108/x2
108 FG IJ 432
x H K
and so we want to minimize S = x 2 + 4 x 2 = x 2 +
x
( x > 0). Now

432 2( x 3 − 216)
S′ = 2x − = .
x2 x2
Setting S ' = 0 gives x = 6 as a critical point of S. The sign diagram

shows that x = 6 gives a relative minimum of S. Next,

864
S ′′ = 2 + 3 > 0 if x > 0
x
and this says that S is concave upward on (0,∞). Therefore, x = 6 gives an absolute
minimum. So the dimensions of the box should be 6" × 6" × 3".

7. Let x denote the length of the sides of the box and y denote its height. Referring to
the following figure, we see that the volume of the box is given by x2y = 128. The

amount of material used is given by

S = f ( x ) = 2 x 2 + 4 xy
FG 128IJ
= 2x2 + 4x
Hx K
2

512
= 2x2 + square inches.
x
We want to minimize f subject to the condition that x > 0. Now

373 4 Applications of the Derivative

 512 4 x 3 − 512 4( x 3 − 128)
f ′( x ) = 4 x − = = .
x2 x2 x2
Setting f '(x) = 0 yields x = 5.04, a critical point of f. Next,
1024
f ′′( x ) = 4 + 3 > 0
x
for all x > 0. Thus, the graph of f is concave upward and so x = 5.04 yields an
absolute minimum of f. Thus, the required dimensions are 5.04" × 5.04" × 5.04".

8. From the given figure, we see that x2y = 20 and y = 20/x2, and
FG IJ
20 800
H K
C = 30 x 2 + 10(4 xy ) + 20 x 2 = 50 x 2 + 40 x 2 = 50 x 2 +
x x
.

800
To find the critical points of C, we solve C ′ = 100 x − 2 = 0 , obtaining ,
x
3 3 1600
100x = 800, x = 8, or x = 2. Next, C" = 3 > 0 for all x > 0, we see that x = 2
x
gives the absolute minimum value of C. Since y = 20/4 = 5, we see that the
dimensions are 2 ft × 2 ft × 5 ft.

9. The length plus the girth of the box is 4x + h = 108 and h = 108 - 4x. Then
V = x2h = x2(108 - 4x) = 108x2 - 4x3
and V ' = 216x - 12x2. We want to maximize V on the interval [0,27]. Setting
V '(x) = 0 and solving for x, we obtain x = 18 and x = 0. Evaluating V(x) at x = 0,
x = 18, and x = 27, we obtain
V(0) = 0, V(18) = 11,664, and V(27) = 0
Thus, the dimensions of the box are 18" × 18" × 36" and its maximum volume is
approximately 11,664 cu in.

10. xy = 50 and so y = 50/x. The area of the printed area is

A = ( x − 1)( y − 2) = ( x − 1)( 50 50− 2 x 50
x − 2) = ( x − 1)( x ) = −2 x + 52 − x .
−2( x 2 − 25)
A′ = −2 + 502 = = 0 if x = ±5. From the sign diagram
x x2

for A', we see that x = 5 yields a maximum. Since

4 Applications of the Derivative 374

 100
A′′ = −< 0 if x > 0
x3
we see that the graph of A is concave downward on (0,∞) and so x = 5 yields an
absolute maximum. The dimensions of the paper should, therefore, be 5" × 10".

11. We take 2πr + A = 108. We want to maximize

V = πr 2 A = πr 2 ( −2πr + 108) = −2π 2 r 3 + 108πr 2
subject to the condition that 0 ≤ r ≤ 54 π . Now
V ′(r ) = −6π 2 r 2 + 216πr = −6πr (πr − 36).
Since V ' = 0, we find r = 0 or r = 36/π, the critical points of V. From the table

r 0 36/π 54/π
V 0 46,656/π 0
we conclude that the maximum volume occurs when r = 36/π ≈ 11.5 inches and
e j
A = 108 − 2π 36
π = 36 inches and its volume is 46,656/π cu in .

12. Let r and h denote the radius and height of the container. Since its capacity is to be
36 cu in, we have πr2h = 36 or h = 36/πr2. We want to minimize S = 2πr2 + 2πrh or
F I
S = f (r ) = 2π r 2 + 2π r 362 = 2π r + 72
H K r ,
2

πr
over the interval (0, ∞). Now

= 4πr − 722 = 0 gives 4π r

F 18I
= 72, or r = G J
1/ 3

f ′(r )
HπK
3
,
πr
as the only critical point of f. Next, observe that f ′′(r ) = 4π + 144
π r > 0 for r in
F 18I 1/ 3

(0,∞). So f is concave upward on (0,∞) and r = G J gives rise to the absolute

HπK
36 2 ⋅ 18 F 18I
= 2G J or twice the radius.
1/ 3

minimum of f. We find h =
πb g
=
π
π 18
18 2 / 3 HπK
1/ 3 2/3

13. Let y denote the height and x the width of the cabinet. Then y = (3/2)x. Since the
volume is to be 2.4 cu ft, we have xyd = 2.4, where d is the depth of the cabinet.

375 4 Applications of the Derivative

 FG 3 xIJ d = 2.4 or d = 2.4(2) = 16. .
We have
H2 K
x
3x x2 2

The cost for constructing the cabinet is

L16. F 3 I F 16. I O F 3 I
C = 40(2 xd + 2 yd ) + 20(2 xy ) = 80M + G xJ G J P + 40 x G xJ
N x H 2 KH x KQ H 2 K 2

320
= + 60 x 2 .
x
320 120 x 3 − 320 8 2 2
C ′( x ) = − 2 + 120 x = 2
= 0 if x = 3 = 3 = 3 9
x x 3 3 3
2
Therefore, x = 3 9 is a critical point of C. The sign diagram
3

640
shows that x = 23 3 9 gives a relative minimum. Next, C ′′( x ) = 3 + 120 > 0
x
for all x > 0 tells us that the graph of C is concave upward. So x = 23 3 9 yields an
absolute minimum. The required dimensions are 2
3
3
9 ′× 3 9 ′× 52 3 9 ′.
14. Since the perimeter of the window is 28 ft, we have
2x + 2y + πx = 28 or y = 21 (28 − πx − 2 x )
We want to maximize
A = 2 xy + 21 πx 2 = 21 πx 2 + x (28 − πx − 2 x ) = 21 πx 2 + 28 x − πx 2 − 2 x 2
= 28 x − π2 x 2 − 2 x 2 .
Now A' = 28 - πx - 4x = 0 gives x = 428
+π as a critical point of A. Since
A" = -π - 4 < 0, the point yields a maximum of A. Finally,
1
y = 28 −
LM 28π
−
56
=
OP LM
1 112 + 28π − 28π − 56
=
28
.
OP
2 N 4+π 4+π 2 Q 4+π N 4+π Q
15. We want to maximize the function
R(x) = (200 + x)(300 - x) = -x2 + 100x + 60000.
R'(x) = -2x + 100 = 0
gives x = 50 and this is a critical point of R. Since R"(x) = -2 < 0, we see that x = 50

4 Applications of the Derivative 376

 gives an absolute maximum of R. Therefore, the number of passengers should be
250. The fare will then be $250/passenger and the revenue will be $62,500.

16. Let x denote the number of trees beyond 22 per acre. Then the yield is
Y = (36 - 2x)(22 + x) = -2x2 - 8x + 792.
Next, Y ' = -4x - 8 = 0 gives x = -2 as the critical point of Y. Now Y ′′ = -4 < 0 and
so x = -2 gives the absolute maximum of Y. So we should plant 20 trees/acre.

17. Let x denote the number of people beyond 20 who sign up for the cruise. Then the
revenue is R ( x) = (20 + x)(600 − 4 x) = −4 x 2 + 520 x + 12, 000 . We want to
maximize R on the closed bounded interval [0, 70].
R '( x) = −8 x + 520 = 0 implies x = 65,
a critical point of R. Evaluating R at this critical point and the endpoints, we have

x 0 65 70
R(x) 12,000 28,900 28,800

From this table, we see that R is maximized if x = 65. Therefore, 85 passengers

will result in a maximum revenue of $28,900. The fare would be $340/passenger.

18. Let x denote the number of bottles beyond 10,000. Then the profit is
P ( x) = (10, 000 + x)(5 − 0.0002 x) = −0.0002 x 2 + 3 x + 50, 000
We want to maximize P on [0, ∞) .
P '( x) = −0.0004 x + 3 = 0
implies x = 7500. Since P "( x) = −0.0004 < 0, the graph of P is concave
downward, and we see that x = 7500 gives the absolute maximum of P. So Phillip
should produce 17,000 bottles of wine giving a profit of
P (7500) = −0.0002(7500) 2 + 3(7500) + 50, 000 or $61,250.
The price will be 5 − 0.0002(7500) or $3.50/bottle.

19. We want to maximize S = kh2w. But h2 + w2 = 242 or h2 = 576 - w2. So

S = f (w) = kw(576 - w2) = k(576w - w3). Now, setting
f ' (w) = k(576 - 3w2) = 0
gives w = ± 192 ≈ ±13.86. Only the positive root is a critical point of interest.
Next, we find f "(w) = -6kw, and in particular,
f "( 192 ) = -6 192 k < 0,

377 4 Applications of the Derivative

 so that w = ± 192 ≈ ±1386 . gives a relative maximum of f. Since f "(w) < 0 for
w > 0, we see that the graph of f is concave downward on (0,∞) and so,
w = 192 gives an absolute maximum of f. We find h2 = 576 - 192 = 384 or
h ≈ 19.60. So the width and height of the log should be approximately 13.86 inches
and 19.60 inches, respectively.

20. We want to minimize S = 3πr 2 + 2πrh. But πr2h + 23 πr 3 = 504π , or

h = 12 (504 − 23 r 3 ) .
r
Therefore, S = f (r ) = 3πr 2 + 2πr ⋅ 12 (504 − 23 r 3 )
r
π − 4πr 2 = 5π3r + 1008π
2
= 3πr 2 + 1008
r 3 r .
10π r 1008π 10πr 3 − 3024π
Now, f '(r ) = − = .
3 r2 3r 2
e5j
1/ 3
So f ′(r ) = 0 if r 3 = 3024π or r = 1512 ≈ 6.7 is a critical point of f. Since
10π
f ′′(r ) = 103π + 2016
3
π > 0 for all r in (0,∞), we see that r ≈ 6.7 does yield an
r
absolute minimum of h. Therefore, the radius should be approximately 6.7 ft and
the height should be approximately 6.7 ft.

21. We want to minimize C ( x) = 1.50(10, 000 − x) + 2.50 30002 + x 2 subject to

0 < x < 10,000. Now
2.50 x
C ′( x) = −1.50 + 2.5( 12 )(9, 000, 000 + x 2 ) −1/ 2 (2 x) = − 1.50 +
9, 000, 000 + x 2
C ′( x) = 0 ⇒ 2.5 x = 1.50 9,000,000 + x 2
6.25 x 2 = 2.25(9,000,000 + x 2 ) or 4x 2 = 20250000, x = 2250.

x 0 2250 10000
f (x) 22500 21000 26101
From the table, we see that x = 2250 gives the absolute minimum.

16r 2
22. We need to minimize Vˆ = − r2 . Now,
(r + 2 )
1 2

4 Applications of the Derivative 378

 (r + 12 ) 2 (32r ) − 16r 2 ⋅ 2(r + 12 ) 32r (r + 12 )(r + 12 − r ) − 2r (r + 12 ) 4
Vˆ ' = − 2 r =
(r + 12 ) 4 (r + 12 )3
16r (r + 12 ) − 2r (r + 12 ) 4 2r 8 − (r + 2 ) 
1 3

= = =0
(r + 12 )3 (r + 12 )3
implies 8 − (r + 12 )3 = 0, (r + 12 )3 = 8, r + 12 = 2, or r = 32 .
16 ( 2 )
3 2
Next, Vˆ ( 32 ) = − ( 32 ) = ( 32 ) (4 − 1) = 3 ( 94 ) = 274
2 2
2
2
16 16
h= −1 = −1 = 3
(r + 2 )
1 2
4
So the dimensions are r = 2 , and h = 3. From the table
3

r 0 3
2
7
2

Vˆ 0 0
27
4

We see that V is maximized if r = 32 . So the radius is 1.5 ft, and the height is 3'.

23. The time taken for the flight is

12 − x x2 + 9
T = f ( x) = + .
6 4
1 1 1 2 FG IJ 1
( x + 9) −1/ 2 (2 x ) = − +
x
f ′( x ) = − +
6 4 2 HK 6 4 x2 + 9
3x − 2 x 2 + 9
= .
12 x 2 + 9
Setting f '(x) = 0 gives 3x = 2 x 2 + 9 , 9x2 = 4(x2 + 9) or 5x2 = 36. Therefore,
x = ±6 / 5 = ±6 5 / 5. Only the critical point x = 6 5 / 5 is of interest. The nature
of the problem suggests x ≈ 2.68 gives an absolute minimum for T.

24. The fuel cost is x/400 dollars per mile, and the labor cost is 8/x dollars per mile.
8 x 8 1
Therefore, the total cost is C ( x ) = + ; C '( x ) = − 2 + .
x 400 x 400
8 1
Setting C ′( x ) = 0 gives − 2 = − ; x 2 = 3200, and x = 56.57.
x 400

379 4 Applications of the Derivative

 16
Next, C"(x) = > 0 for all x > 0 so C is concave upward. Therefore, x = 56.57
x3
gives the absolute minimum. So the most economical speed is 56.57 mph.

25. Let x denote the number of motorcycle tires in each order. We want to minimize
FG
40,000 IJ 16,000,000
C ( x ) = 400
H
x K
+x=
x
+ x.

16,000,000 x 2 − 16,000,000
We compute C ′( x ) = − + 1 = .
x2 x2
Setting C'(x) = 0 gives x = 4000, a critical point of C. Since
32,000,000
C ′′( x ) = > 0 for all x > 0,
x3
we see that the graph of C is concave upward and so x = 4000 gives an absolute
minimum of C. So there should be 10 orders per year, each order of 4000 tires.

26. Let x denote the number of bottles in each order. We want to minimize
 2, 000, 000  x 400, 000, 000
C ( x) = 200   + (0.40) = + 0.2 x.
 x  2 x
400,000,000
We compute C '( x ) = − + 0.2. Setting C '(x) = 0 gives
x2
400,000,000
x2 = = 2,000,000,000 , or x = 44,721, a critical point of C.
0.2
800,000,000
C ′( x ) = > 0 for all x > 0, and we see that the graph of C is concave
x3
upward and so x = 44,721 gives an absolute minimum of C. Therefore, there
should be 2,000,000/x ≈ 45 orders per year (since we can not have fractions of an
order.) Then each order should be for 2,000,000/4.5 ≈ 44,445 bottles.

500,000,000
27. We want to minimize the function C ( x ) = + 0.2 x + 500,000 on the
x
500,000,000
interval (0, 1,000,000). Differentiating C(x), we have C ′( x ) = − + 0.2.
x2
Setting C ′( x ) = 0 and solving the resulting equation, we find 0.2x2 = 500,000,000
and x = 2,500,000,000 or x = 50,000. Next, we find

4 Applications of the Derivative 380

 1,000,000,000
C ′′( x ) = > 0 for all x and so the graph of C is concave upward on
x3
(0,∞). Thus, x = 50,000 gives rise to the absolute minimum of C. So, the company
should produce 50,000 containers of cookies per production run.

28. The area enclosed by the rectangular region of the racetrack is A = (A)(2r ) = 2rA .
The length of the racetrack is 2π r + 2A , and is equal to 1760. That is,
2(π r + A) = 1760; π r + A = 880, or A = 880 − π r.
Therefore, we want to maximize A = f (r ) = 2r (880 − π r ) = 1760r − 2π r 2 .
The restricition on r is 0 ≤ r ≤ 880π . To maximize A, we compute
1760 440
f '(r ) = 1760 − 4π r . Setting f '(r ) = 0 gives r = = ≈ 140. Since
4π π
f (0) = f ( 880
π ) = 0 , we see that the maximum rectangular area is enclosed if we

take r = 440
π and A = 880 − π ( 440
π ) = 440 . So r = 140 and A = 440. The total area

( )
2
enclosed is 2r A + π r 2 = 2 ( 440
π ) (440) + π = 2(440) 2
+ 440
π = ≈ 184,874 sq ft.
2 580,000
440
π π π

381 4 Applications of the Derivative