HONG ĐUC UNIVERSITY

FOREIGN LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

*****o0o*****

CHRISTMAS: A
COMPREHENSIVE
REPORT

Instructor: Mr. Nguyễn Thanh Minh, Ph. D

Group V:
Trịnh Đăng Cường 237702A1
Nguyễn Ngọc Linh 238702A2
Nguyễn Thị Hằng 238702A2
Dương Thị Hiền 238702A2

THANH HÓA, 202

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART 1: INTRODUCTION
• Specific aims and Scope of the study
• Methodology
• A brief overview of the event
• A brief introduction of group members and the essential benefits of teamwork
PART 2: BODY
2.1. History of the Ceremony
• Legends that related to the event
• Stories about the event
2.2. Preparation before the event
2.3. Rituals and activities
2.4. Some changes over time
• Reason for changes
• Positive and negative effects of these changes
2.5. Advice for visitors attending this event
2.6. Tourist destination
PART 3: CONCLUSION
• The significance of the event
• Final comment
• Recommendation
Referencces

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 INTRODUCTION

Our group including Duong Thi Hien, Nguyen Ngoc Linh, Phung To Linh,
Nguyen Thi Hang, is strategically dividing tasks to maximize efficiency and ensure
comprehensive coverage of our topic. Nguyen Thi Hang will focus on literature
review and background research, Nguyen Ngoc Linh will handle data collection and
analysis, Phung To Linh will work on compiling and presenting findings, and I will
oversee the project coordination and final report preparation. Working as a group is
crucial as it allows us to leverage our diverse skills, share responsibilities, and
provide mutual support, ultimately enhancing the quality and depth of our research.
Christmas, celebrated annually on December 25th, is one of the most widely
observed holidays around the globe. Rooted in Christian traditions, it commemorates
the birth of Jesus Christ. However, its significance extends beyond religious
observance, encompassing cultural, social, and economic dimensions. This essay
explores the multifaceted nature of Christmas, from its historical origins to
contemporary celebrations, and offers insights for visitors and tourists interested in
experiencing this vibrant festival.
The purpose of this assignment is to delve into the rich and multifaceted celebration
of Christmas, a festival that transcends cultural and religious boundaries and is
cherished by millions around the world. This essay aims to provide a comprehensive
overview of Christmas, exploring its historical origins, the traditions and rituals
associated with it, the preparations that precede the event, and the unique
characteristics that make it a special time of year. Additionally, it will examine how
Christmas has evolved over time, the impact of commercialization, and offer
practical advice for visitors who wish to immerse themselves in this festive season.
By analyzing various aspects of Christmas, this essay will highlight its significance
not only as a religious observance but also as a cultural phenomenon that fosters a
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sense of community and shared humanity. The goal is to present a detailed and
engaging narrative that captures the essence of Christmas, making it accessible and
informative for readers from diverse backgrounds.
2. BODY
2.1. A brief history of the Ceremony
Christmas has a rich and complex history, evolving over centuries from
ancient traditions to the modern celebration we know today. Its origins can be traced
back to the early Christian church, which sought to commemorate the birth of Jesus
Christ, believed to have occurred around 4 BC.
2.1.1. Early Christian Celebrations
The exact date of Jesus' birth is not recorded in the Bible, and early Christians
did not celebrate his birth. Instead, they focused on Easter, commemorating Jesus'
resurrection. The decision to celebrate Christmas on December 25th was made in
the 4th century by the Roman Catholic Church. This date was chosen to coincide
with the Roman festival of Saturnalia, a week-long period of lawlessness celebrated
from December 17th to 25th. Saturnalia was marked by feasting, gift-giving, and
role reversals, where slaves would temporarily enjoy the freedoms of their masters.
By aligning Christmas with Saturnalia, the Church aimed to provide a Christian
alternative to the popular pagan festivities, thus making it easier to convert the pagan

populace to Christianity.

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2.1.2. Middle Ages and Renaissance
During the Middle Ages, Christmas celebrations became more elaborate, with
the incorporation of various regional customs. The tradition of the nativity scene,
credited to St. Francis of Assisi in 1223, became a central part of the celebration.
Christmas carols, many of which have origins in medieval Europe, also gained
popularity during this time.
The Renaissance period saw the revival of ancient customs and the
introduction of new ones. In England, Christmas became a time for feasting and
merrymaking. The Yule log, originally a pagan tradition, was adopted and became
a symbol of the holiday season. However, the celebration of Christmas was not
without controversy. In the 17th century, Puritans in England and America sought
to suppress Christmas, viewing it as a pagan festival with no biblical basis.
Christmas was even banned in England for a period during the Commonwealth era
under Oliver Cromwell.

2.1.3. Modern Era

The modern celebration of Christmas began to take shape in the 19th century.
Many of the traditions we associate with Christmas today, such as the Christmas tree
and the exchange of gifts, were popularized during this time. The Christmas tree
tradition is often attributed to Prince Albert, the German husband of Queen Victoria,
who introduced it to Britain. The publication of Charles Dickens' "A

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 Christmas Carol" in 1843 also played a significant role in
shaping modern Christmas celebrations, emphasizing themes of family, charity, and
goodwill.
In America, the poem "A Visit from St. Nicholas" (commonly known as "The Night
Before Christmas"), published in 1823, helped popularize the figure of Santa Claus.
Based on the Dutch legend of Sinterklaas, Santa Claus evolved into the jolly, gift-
giving figure we know today, complete with a sleigh and reindeer

2.2. Preparations Before the Event

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The preparations for Christmas begin weeks, if not months, before December 25th.
These preparations are an integral part of the Christmas experience, building
anticipation and setting the stage for the celebrations.
2.2.1. Advent
For many Christians, the Christmas season begins with Advent, a period of
four weeks leading up to Christmas. Advent is a time of spiritual reflection and
preparation, marked by various customs and practices. The Advent wreath, with its
four candles representing hope, peace, joy, and love, is a common symbol. Each
Sunday during Advent, one candle is lit, culminating in the lighting of the Christ
candle on Christmas Eve.
Advent calendars, often filled with small treats or scriptures, help count down
the days until Christmas. These calendars are popular among children and serve to
build excitement for the holiday.

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2.2.2. Decorations
Decorating homes, streets, and public spaces is a key part of Christmas
preparations. The Christmas tree, often adorned with lights, ornaments, and tinsel,
is the centerpiece of holiday decorations. The tradition of decorating a Christmas
tree dates back to 16th-century Germany, where devout Christians brought decorated
trees into their homes.
In addition to trees, homes are often decorated with wreaths, garlands, and
nativity scenes. Lights and candles are used extensively to create a festive
atmosphere. In many towns and cities, elaborate light displays and Christmas
markets add to the holiday spirit.
2.2.3. Shopping and Gift-Wrapping
Gift-giving is a major aspect of Christmas, and the weeks leading up to the
holiday are a busy time for shopping. Retailers often start promoting Christmas sales
as early as November, with Black Friday and Cyber Monday marking the beginning
of the holiday shopping season.
Selecting, purchasing, and wrapping gifts require considerable effort. Many
families have traditions of making homemade gifts or crafting their own wrapping
paper to add a personal touch.
2.2.4. Baking and Cooking
Preparations for Christmas feasting also begin well in advance. Traditional
holiday foods vary by region but often include items such as fruitcakes, cookies, and
puddings. Many families have cherished recipes passed down through generations,
and baking together becomes a cherished activity.
In some cultures, Christmas Eve is marked by a special meal, such as the
Italian "Feast of the Seven Fishes," which requires days of preparation.

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2.2.5. Community Involvement
Many communities organize events and activities in the lead-up to Christmas.
Caroling, where groups sing Christmas songs door-to-door or in public spaces, is a
popular tradition. Charity events, such as toy drives and food bank collections, also
play a significant role during this season, embodying the spirit of giving.

2.3. Rituals and Activities

Christmas is celebrated with a variety of rituals and activities that reflect both
religious and secular traditions. These activities help create a festive atmosphere and
foster a sense of community and togetherness.
2.3.1. Church Services
For Christians, attending church services is a central part of Christmas
celebrations. Midnight Mass on Christmas Eve is one of the most significant
services, marking the transition from Advent to Christmas Day. Many churches hold
special services that include the singing of Christmas carols, scripture readings, and
nativity plays that reenact the birth of Jesus.

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2.3.2. Christmas Carols and Music
Music is an integral part of Christmas celebrations. Christmas carols, many of
which date back centuries, are sung in churches, homes, and public spaces. Popular
carols include "Silent Night," "O Holy Night," and "Joy to the World." In addition
to traditional carols, contemporary Christmas songs and hymns are also enjoyed
during the holiday season.

2.3.3. Gift-Giving and Santa Claus

Exchanging gifts is one of the most anticipated activities of Christmas,
especially for children. The tradition of gift-giving is inspired by the Magi, or Wise
Men, who brought gifts to the baby Jesus. In many cultures, the figure of Santa
Claus, based on St. Nicholas, has become synonymous with Christmas.

Santa Claus is depicted as a jolly man in a red suit who

delivers gifts to children around the world on Christmas Eve. Children often leave
out cookies and milk for Santa and carrots for his reindeer as a gesture of gratitude.

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2.3.4. Feasting and Family Gatherings
Christmas is a time for feasting and enjoying special meals with family and
friends. The Christmas dinner varies by region but often includes dishes such as roast
turkey, ham, stuffing, and a variety of side dishes and desserts. In many families,
Christmas dinner is a time for reunion and celebration, with traditions and recipes
passed down through generations.
In addition to the main meal, many families also have special breakfasts or
brunches on Christmas morning, often featuring items such as pancakes, eggs, and
pastries.

2.4. Changes Over Time

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 Christmas has undergone significant changes over the centuries, influenced
by cultural shifts, technological advancements, and societal trends. These changes
have both enriched and challenged the traditional celebration of the holiday.
Commercialization
The commercialization of Christmas is perhaps the most notable change. The
holiday season has become a major driver of consumer spending, with businesses
capitalizing on the opportunity to boost sales. This shift has both positive and
negative implications:
• Positive Impact: The commercialization of Christmas has made the holiday
accessible to a broader audience, promoting inclusivity and diversity in
celebrations. It has also created economic opportunities, particularly in retail,
hospitality, and entertainment industries.
• Negative Impact: The emphasis on consumerism can overshadow the
spiritual and communal aspects of Christmas. The pressure to buy gifts and
spend money can lead to financial stress and detract from the holiday's deeper
meanings.
Inclusivity and Cultural Exchange
Christmas has become increasingly inclusive, celebrated by people of various
backgrounds and beliefs. This inclusivity has led to a blending of traditions and the
introduction of new customs:
• Cultural Exchange: As people from different cultures share their Christmas
traditions, the holiday becomes richer and more diverse. This exchange fosters
understanding and appreciation of different cultural practices.
• Secular Celebrations: Many people celebrate Christmas in a secular manner,
focusing on the themes of family, generosity, and joy rather than religious
observance.
Technological Advancements
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Advancements in technology have transformed the way Christmas is celebrated:
• Communication: Social media and digital communication platforms allow
people to connect with loved ones across the globe, sharing holiday greetings
and traditions.
• Entertainment: Streaming services and digital music platforms provide easy
access to Christmas movies, music, and special holiday programming.
• Shopping: Online shopping has revolutionized gift-giving, making it easier
to purchase and send gifts. Virtual marketplaces also offer unique and
handmade items from around the world.
Environmental Awareness
In recent years, there has been a growing awareness of the environmental impact of
Christmas celebrations. This awareness has led to changes in how people celebrate:
• Sustainable Practices: Many people are opting for eco-friendly decorations,
such as reusable ornaments and LED lights. There is also a movement towards
reducing waste by using sustainable wrapping materials and giving
experiences rather than physical gifts.
• Conscious Consumption: The emphasis on conscious consumption
encourages people to buy locally made and ethically produced gifts,
supporting small businesses and reducing the carbon footprint associated with
shipping.
For visitors looking to experience Christmas in different parts of the world, it
is essential to understand and respect local customs and traditions. Here are some
practical tips and advice to make the most of the Christmas season:
Immersing in Local Traditions
• Research Local Customs: Before traveling, research the local customs and
traditions associated with Christmas in your destination. This will help you

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 understand the cultural significance of various activities and participate
respectfully.
• Attend Local Events: Participate in local events such as Christmas markets,
concerts, and parades. These events provide a glimpse into the unique ways
different cultures celebrate the holiday.
• Try Traditional Foods: Sampling traditional Christmas foods is a great way
to immerse yourself in the local culture. Be open to trying new dishes and
experiencing the culinary diversity of the holiday.
Respecting Religious Practices
• Attend Church Services: If you are interested in the religious aspects of
Christmas, consider attending a local church service. Be respectful of the
customs and practices observed by the congregation.
• Learn About the History: Understanding the religious history and
significance of Christmas can deepen your appreciation of the holiday. Visit
historical sites and museums that offer insights into the origins of Christmas
traditions.
2.7. Tourist Destinations
Christmas offers a wealth of destinations that showcase the holiday's diverse
traditions and festive spirit. Here are some notable places to experience the magic of
Christmas:
New York City, USA
New York City is renowned for its spectacular Christmas celebrations. The city
comes alive with lights, decorations, and festive events:
• Rockefeller Center: The iconic Christmas tree at Rockefeller Center,
adorned with thousands of lights, is a must-see. The adjacent ice rink is a
popular spot for skating under the tree's glow.

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 • Holiday Markets: Bryant Park and Union Square host bustling holiday
markets where visitors can shop for unique gifts, enjoy festive food, and soak
in the holiday atmosphere.
• Broadway Shows: Catching a holiday-themed Broadway show, such as "The
Nutcracker" or "Radio City Christmas Spectacular," adds to the festive
experience.
Strasbourg, France
Strasbourg, known as the "Capital of Christmas," boasts one of the oldest and most
famous Christmas markets in Europe:
• Christkindelsmärik: Established in 1570, this market features hundreds of
stalls selling handmade crafts, ornaments, and traditional Alsatian foods.
• Gothic Cathedral: The Strasbourg Cathedral, with its stunning light displays
and nativity scene, provides a beautiful backdrop to the festivities.
• Illuminations: The city's streets and squares are adorned with elaborate light
displays, creating a magical atmosphere.
Nuremberg, Germany
Nuremberg's Christkindlesmarkt is one of Germany's most famous Christmas
markets, attracting visitors from around the world:
• Market Stalls: The market is known for its handcrafted goods, including
wooden toys, ornaments, and gingerbread (Lebkuchen).
• Christkind: The Christkind, an angelic figure, opens the market with a
prologue, marking the start of the festivities.
• Nuremberg Sausages: Visitors can enjoy traditional Nuremberg sausages
and mulled wine while exploring the market.
Tokyo, Japan
Tokyo offers a unique blend of traditional and modern Christmas celebrations:

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 • Illuminations: Tokyo is famous for its winter illuminations, with stunning
light displays at locations such as Roppongi Hills, Shibuya, and Tokyo
Midtown.
• Christmas Eve: Christmas Eve in Japan is often celebrated as a romantic
holiday, with couples enjoying special dinners and exchanging gifts.
• Disneyland: Tokyo Disneyland hosts "Disney Christmas," featuring parades,
decorations, and festive performances.
Lapland, Finland
Lapland, the official home of Santa Claus, offers a magical Christmas experience:
• Santa Claus Village: Located in Rovaniemi, this village allows visitors to
meet Santa, send postcards from Santa's post office, and explore the Arctic
Circle.
• Reindeer Safaris: Experience the thrill of a reindeer safari through snowy
landscapes, guided by local Sami herders.
• Northern Lights: Lapland is one of the best places to witness the Northern
Lights, adding to the enchantment of the holiday season.

3. CONCLUSION
Christmas holds profound significance on multiple levels, transcending its origins as
a religious festival to become a universal celebration embraced by diverse cultures
and societies around the world. At its core, Christmas is a commemoration of the
birth of Jesus Christ, symbolizing hope, love, and redemption. For Christians, it is a

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time of deep spiritual reflection, a reminder of the divine gift of Jesus and the
message of salvation he brought to humanity. The nativity story, with its themes of
humility and divine intervention, resonates profoundly during this season.
Beyond its religious roots, Christmas has evolved into a celebration of
generosity, community, and shared joy. The practice of gift-giving, inspired by the
Magi's offerings to the infant Jesus, fosters a spirit of generosity and kindness. This
tradition not only strengthens bonds among family and friends but also extends to
acts of charity, reminding us to care for those in need. The festive gatherings,
elaborate feasts, and shared traditions create a sense of belonging and unity,
reinforcing social connections and family ties.
Moreover, Christmas serves as a cultural touchstone, rich with diverse
traditions and customs that reflect the unique heritage of different regions. From
the Christmas markets of Germany to the vibrant celebrations in Latin America,
each cultural variation adds depth to the global tapestry of Christmas. The holiday
also stimulates economic activity, driving retail sales and boosting local economies
through tourism and festive events.
In essence, the significance of Christmas lies in its ability to unite people
through shared values of love, compassion, and joy. It is a time when the world
seems to pause, allowing individuals to reconnect with their faith, families, and
communities. Christmas embodies the hope for peace and goodwill, a timeless
message that resonates with people of all backgrounds.
that the holiday remains a time of joy and togetherness for all.
5. REFERENCE

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References
1. “History of Christmas”. https://www.history.com/topics/christmas/history-of-
christmas
2. “Christmas Holiday”, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Christmas
3. “The History of Christmas”, https://www.historyextra.com/period/general-
history/history-of-christmas/
4. “The Complete Christmas Checklist”, https://www.minted.com/lp/christmas-
preparation-checklist
5. “Christmas Tradition” https://www.homesandgardens.com/advice/christmas-
traditions
6. ‘Why we do Christmas”, https://www.whychristmas.com/customs/25th
7. “ 20 destinations for Chrismas’, https://www.timeout.com/travel/best-places-
to-go-for-christmas

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