Computer Assembly and Repair Lab Manual 2023 202 - 231209 - 093922
Computer Assembly and Repair Lab Manual 2023 202 - 231209 - 093922
Computer Assembly and Repair Lab Manual 2023 202 - 231209 - 093922
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Requirements: CPU, RAM, SMPS, Motherboard, NIC card, Processor, Processor cooling fan,
PCI card, HDD
CPU/PROCESSOR
The central processing unit (CPU), also called a processor, is located inside the computer case on the
motherboard.
The CPU is usually a two-inch ceramic square with a silicon chip located inside. The chip is usually
about the size of a thumbnail. The CPU fits into the motherboard's CPU socket, which is covered by
the heat sink, an object that absorbs heat from the CPU.
This short-term memory disappears when the computer is turned off. When you save a file, the data
is written to the hard drive, which acts as long-term storage.
MOTHERBOARD
EXPANSION CARDS
PCI (peripheral component interconnect) cards. You may never need to add any PCI cards because
most motherboards have built-in video, sound, network, and other capabilities.
The network card allows your computer to communicate over a network and access the Internet. It can
either connect with an Ethernet cable or through a wireless connection (often called Wi-Fi).
PROCESSOR FAN
A fan on top of a computer processor. It helps pull and blow hot air off the processor, helping keep it
cooler.
HARD DRIVE
The hard drive is where your software, documents, and other files are stored. The hard drive is long-
term storage, which means the data is still saved even if you turn the computer off or unplug it.
Lab- 2 Demonstration of various ports: CPU, VGA ports, PS/2 (Keyboard, Mouse), USB, LAN,
Speaker, Audio.
Aim: To identify the computer hardware parts various ports.
Requirements: Motherboard
CPU PORTS
Ports are slots on the motherboard into which a cable of external device is plugged in. Examples of
external devices attached via ports are the mouse, keyboard, monitor, microphone, speakers, etc.
Male ports. Have pins that protrude out from the connector and require a cable with a female connector.
Female ports. Have holes in the connector to accept the male cable’s pins.
Female Ports
VGA PORT:
VGA ports also known as Video Graphic Array connector are those which connect the monitor to a
computer’s video card. VGA port has 15 holes and it is similar to the serial port connector.
PS/2 PORT:
PS/2 ports are special ports used for connecting old computer keyboard and mouse. It was invented by
IBM. In old computers, there are minimum of two PS/2 Ports, each for the keyboard and the mouse. It
is a 6 pin mini Din connector.
USB (Universal Serial Bus) port:
In 1997 USB was first introduced. This can connect all kinds of external USB devices, like external
hard disk, printer, scanner, mouse, keyboard, etc.
Ethernet Port:
Ethernet Port helps to connect to a network and high-speed Internet (provided by LAN or other sources).
It connects the network cable to a computer and resides in a Ethernet card. It provides a data travel
speed of 10 Mb to 1000 Mb(megabits) per second.
Microphones and speakers are connected with the help of Sockets to the sound card of the computer
Lab -3 Identify the Computer Name and Hardware Specification (RAM capacity, Processor
type, HDD 32bit/64bit)
Aim : Identify the Computer Name and Hardware Specification of RAM and HDD
Requirements: Computer
Steps --
Windows 7
Windows 8/8.1
Windows 10
WINDOWS 7
WINDOWS 8/8.1
WINDOWS 10
Step for Use the System Information Window to Check Your RAM
Another quick method to view the RAM specification is via System Information. Simply launch
the Start menu, search for System Information, click on the Best match, and then scroll to
find Installed Physical Memory (RAM) and Total Physical Memory.
HDD Specification
Press the Windows key, type System Information, and press Enter.
Or, you can use the Run box to open the System Information utility.
2. On the next screen, click on About in the left-pane. In the right-pane, scroll down and check the
entry next to System Type listing “Device Specifications” section.
Lab -4 Identify and Troubleshoot the problem of RAM (beep sound with blue screen), SMPS,
and motherboard (CPU is not switched on)
Requirements: Computer
1. Diminishing Performance
One of the most tell-tale signs of RAM failure is diminishing performance over time.
After first boot computer is running perfectly, after using memory-intensive apps such as Photoshop,
complex video games, and web browsers, the slower it becomes—The problem will be especially
noticeable on RAM
2. Random Crashes
Getting the blue screen of death on Windows every time you try and open a certain app, it's likely that
the app is the culprit rather than your hardware. But if you find that the crashes occur without warning
and at random times, your RAM could be responsible.
Make sure that the contacts on the memory and the socket are
On-off (1.0 second
clean.
each) three times,
then 2.5-second Try removing one bank of memory modules at a time. (Some
pause (off). Memory systems can require a memory module in Bank 0.)
beeps
error
The pattern repeats Try using memory modules from the same manufacturer with
until the computer is the same part number and speed.
powered off.
Check for a faulty memory module by trying the memory in a
known good system.
SMPS - Switched Mode Power Supply. An SMPS is a Device to efficiently provide a regulated output
voltage, from different level of the input voltage. SMPS transfers power from a source like the electrical
power grid to a load (Eg: Computer).
Tips For Power Supply Service
1. Be sure that the line- voltage switch(120/220 Vac) is set correctly for your region.
2. Do Not Use a Splitter
3. Be sure that each output is within tolerance (Voltage tolerances are usually +or-5%
4. Verify that the power-supply connectors are attached to the motherboard drivers
5. Check the AC Input voltage with the help of a Multimeter
Troubleshooting SMPS
Problem 3: The PC Powers on but nothing happens after that (no beep)
Solutions
1. Remove the last hardware component installed and check again
2. Replace SMPS (Get a Better Quality SMPS)
3. Check the power cables to the Devices (Harddisk, DVD Drive etc)
You can hear the beep codes through the on-board piezoelectric speaker. For Intel® Desktop Boards
without the on-board speaker, you can hear the beeps through a speaker attached to the line out audio
jack on the board.
Beep
Sequence/Pattern Meaning Troubleshooting Steps
Code
F2 Setup /
Single F10 Boot This short beep occurs when the BIOS is ready to
One 0.5 second beep Menu
beep accept keyboard input. No action needed.
prompt
Requirements: Computer
What is BIOS?
PC’s most important startup program, BIOS, or Basic Input / Output System, is the built-in core
processor software responsible for booting up your system.
In order to access BIOS on a Windows PC, you must press your BIOS key set by your manufacturer
which could be F10, F2, F12, F1, or DEL.
You can access BIOS Setup utility screens from the following interfaces:
Use a USB keyboard, mouse, and VGA monitor connected directly to the server.
Use a terminal (or terminal emulator connected to a computer) through the serial port on the
back panel of the server.
Connect to the server using the Sun ILOM Remote Console.
To access BIOS configuration screens and to change the system’s parameters, complete the following
steps:
2. To enter the BIOS Setup utility, press the F2 key while the system is performing the power-on self-
test (POST) FIGURE 1).
When BIOS is started, the main BIOS Setup utility top-level screen appears (FIGURE E-2). This
screen provides seven menu options across the top of the screen.
FIGURE 2 BIOS Setup Utility - Main Screen
3. Use the left and right arrow keys to select the different menu options.
4. To select an option on a top-level screen, use the up and down arrow keys to scroll up and down
the options presented.
Only options that can be modified are highlighted when you press the up and down arrow keys.
If a field can be modified, as you select the option, user instructions for modifying the option appear
in the right column of the screen.
If a field is a link to a sub-screen, instructions to press the Enter key to access the sub screen appear in
the right column.
5. Modify the setup field and press the Esc key to save the changes and exit the screen.
Some screens present a confirmation dialog box that enables unwanted changes to be retracted.
6. On sub-screens that only provide configuration information and cannot be modified, press the Esc
key to exit the screen.
7. To continue modifying other setup parameters, repeat Step 3 through Step 6. Otherwise, go to Step
8.
8. Press and release the right arrow key until the Exit menu screen appears.
9. Follow the instructions on the Exit menu screen to save or discard changes and exit the BIOS Setup
utility.
2 BIOS Setup Screens Overview
Chipset View the configuration of server chipsets. BIOS Chipset Menu Screens
Manage which USB ports on the computer are allowed to connect to USB devices, such as keyboards,
headsets, or USB storage devices through BIOS.
1. Turn on the computers, and then immediately click F10 to enter the BIOS.
2. Under the Security tab, use the up and down arrows to select USB Security, and then
press Enter.
4. Use the up and down arrows to select a port, then use the left and right arrows to select
either Enabled or Disabled as desired.
Command Prompt (CMD) is the second choice to show hidden files on external hard disks, USB drives,
memory cards, or other storage devices. Here, the full attrib command for hidden files.
Step 2. Press Windows + X keys to bring up a menu and click Command Prompt (Admin) in this
menu.
Step 3. Enter attrib -h -r -s /s /d G:\*.* (replace G: with the drive letter for device) in the Command
Prompt window and press Enter.
When finish these steps, access USB flash drive, hard drive, or memory card to see all of the hidden
files.
Requirements: Computer
5. Preview the
files that can be
recovered and
select those to
restore.
6. Click the Recover button to retrieve the selected files to a storage location. Don’t save the data
to the external drive during recovery as it may lead to file corruption.
Lab- 8 Install Operating System – Windows 7/ Windows 10 ) and also make partitions
1. Boot PC using Windows 7 DVD/USB drive and Press any key to continue.
2. Next select language, keyboard type (Generally the US) and time format.
5. In the next screen, click on the Custom (advanced) option. If want to upgrade then just click on
the Upgrade option.
6. This is an important step to select the drive where to install Windows
7. Note that selecting a wrong partition will wipe out the data. Also, note that Windows 7 creates another
small partition of about 200 MB if you are installing Windows 7 on an empty hard drive. The hidden
200MB partition will not be shown in the Windows Explorer!
8. Format the selected partition by opening drive option and then choosing the Format option.
9. Click on the Next button to start the Windows 7 installation. Windows may restart many times
during the installation.
10. After completing the installation, enter username and password.
11. In the next step Enter the key that got and click the Next button.
12. Select the Windows 7 update option. Click Use recommended settings option.
13. Select Time Zone, date and time and click Next.
14. In the next screen select the type of network. That is, choose between Home network, Work
network and Public network.
15. Finally, the setup will ask to create a group depending on the type of Network chosen. If not sure,
just skip as do it later as well.
To make more partitions with Disk Management on this disk in Windows 7 after installation
Step 1: Use Windows+R to open Run, type “diskmgmt.msc” and click OK.
Step 2: Right-click on the partition to resize and select the Shrink Volume option.
Step 3: Enter the size to shrink drive to in megabytes (1000 MB = 1GB). Then click on the Shrink
button.
Note: Shrink volume more than the amount indicated in the Size of available shrink space in MB
section.
Step 4: On unallocated space in Disk Management window, right-click on the unallocated space and
select the New Simple Volume option. The New Simple Volume Wizard should pop up. Click on the
Next button to continue.
Step 5: Enter the amount of memory to allocate for new partition and click on the Next button. To
store data on this partition, format it first. Click on the Format this volume with the following settings:
To install Ubuntu Desktop, write downloaded ISO to a USB stick to create the installation media. This
is not the same as copying the ISO, and requires some bespoke software.
Choose the version that corresponds to current operating system, download and install the tool.
Select downloaded ISO, choose USB flash drive, and then click Flash! to install image
3. Boot from USB flash drive
Insert the USB flash drive into the laptop or PC to install Ubuntu and boot or restart the device. It should
recognise the installation media automatically. If not, try holding F12 during startup and selecting the
USB device from the system-specific boot menu.
4. Installation Setup
Next, choose between the Normal installation and Minimal installation options. The minimal
installation is useful for those with smaller hard drives or who don’t require as many pre-installed
applications.
In Other options, download updates as well as third-party software that may improve device support
and performance (for example, Nvidia graphics drivers) during the installation. It is recommended to
check both of these boxes.
If not currently connected to the internet, next prompted to do so at this point. Ensure you are able to
remain connected throughout the installation.
5. Drive Management
This screen allows to configure installation. If like Ubuntu to be the only operating system on the device,
select Erase disk and install Ubuntu.
continue the installation without enabling encryption, click Install Now and confirm the changes with
Continue. Otherwise keep reading.
If like to encrypt device, select Advanced features… > Use LVM with the new Ubuntu installation >
Encrypt the new Ubuntu installation for security.
next prompted to create a security key once you click Install Now.
Click Install Now and confirm the changes with Continue.
7. Choose Location
Select location and timezone from the map screen and click Continue. This information will be
detected automatically if connected to the internet.
On this screen, next enter name of computer as it will appear on the network. Finally, create a username
and a strong password.
Enter password on the login screen (assuming you selected that option when creating your login
details).
The welcome widget will help you with some additional setup options, including:
Press CTRL+ALT+T to bring up a Terminal window (or click the terminal icon in the sidebar).
Type in:
This will check for updates and tell you if there are any that need applying. To apply any updates,
type:
Step 1
Click this link, it will take to the Python official download website.
Step 2
Step 3
Step 5
Step 6
Wait a few minutes and display setup was successful. Next click the close button.
Installing Openoffice
Step 3: The link directs us to the download page on which we choose operating system, language,
and version of the Apache OpenOffice, and then click on the Download full installation button.
Step 4: Now find the executable file in the download folder of system and run it.
Step 5: It will confirm that the software makes changes to system, so click on the Yes button.
Step 6: Now the installation process is started so click on the Next button.
Step 7: Next screen will be of Unpack the Apache OpenOffice in which the location where to extract
folder, in this folder, the setup will take place, and after that, next continue setup in that folder. Now
click on the Unpack button.
Step 8: After Unpack the setup will automatically start if not started then find place where Setup file
available.
Step 9: Now in the folder find many files but click only on the setup to continue installation.
Step 10: After double click again prompt confirmation of the setup to make changes to system. Click
on Yes.
Step 11: The setup will start now click on the Next button.
Step 12: Next screen will be of customer information where to write name and organization name,
otherwise click on the Next button.
Step 13: Next screen will be of setup type if don’t get direct installing software then click on complete
and Next it is for basic users and if you Customize setup then click on custom and then Next it is
recommended for Advanced User.
Step 14: Next screen will be of the program modules and components choose the drive and click on
the Next button.
Step 15: Next screen will be of Choose file type and click on Next button. Here we select Microsoft
Word Documents and Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.
Step 16: Now the program is ready to install Click on the Install button.
Step 17: After this, the installation process will start and it might take 2 – 4 minutes depending on
your computer speed and specification to complete the installation.
Step 18: After the installation process is completed, click on the Finish button.
At this point, Apache OpenOffice is successfully installed on the system and an icon is created on the
desktop.
Lab 11- Install anyone of the antivirus software (Avast, Kaspersky etc) and observe the
variations before and after installation.
2. Right-click the downloaded setup file avast_ free_ antivirus_setup_o nline. exe and
select Run as administrator from the context menu.
4. If prompted for permission by the User Account Control dialog, click Yes.
5. To change the default setup language, click the current language in the top-right corner of the
screen. Then, click Install to proceed with default installation, or click Customize if you need
to make changes to the default setup.
6. Wait while setup installs Avast Free Antivirus on PC.
8. Click Run first scan to start a comprehensive Smart Scan, which detects viruses, malware,
bad browser add-ons, and other issues on your PC.
Avast Free Antivirus is now installed on PC and ready to use, but some components may not
fully function until restart the PC.
4. Read the End User License Agreement and click Continue if agree to the terms.
5. Read the Kaspersky Security Network Statement carefully. Select the checkbox agree to the
terms.
If don’t want to participate in the Kaspersky Security Network, clear the checkbox.
6. Together with Kaspersky Internet Security, Kaspersky Secure Connection will be installed to
ensure protected connection to the Internet. Click Install.
7.
8. Wait for the installation to complete. Make sure the recommended settings are enabled and
click Apply.
9. Click Done.
3. Enter the code from the message received after buying the license and click Activate.
Simply launch it from Start > Settings > Update and Recovery and click Check for Updates
or
Press Windows key + R
Type: ms-settings: windows update
Hit Enter
Click Check for updates (make sure you have an active Internet connection).
Note: For the Keyboard Driver Package navigate to the SureLock installation folder\Drivers\Windows
10\PS2\x64
4. Navigate to the Driver package folder (x86 folder for 32-bit machines and x64 folder for 64bit
machines) and select kbfiltr.inf and click on Open.
5. On the Update Driver Warning pop-up, click on Yes.
6. On the Windows Security pop up, click on Install this driver software anyway.
7. On the System Settings Change pop up, click on Yes. This will reboot machine.
To project, connect PC using one of the cable connectors in the room, press the Windows logo key + P,
and then choose one of the four options:
PC screen only. Get everything on PC. (When connected to a wireless projector, this option
changes to Disconnect.)
Duplicate. To see the same things on both screens.
Extend. To see everything across both screens, and can drag and move items between the two.
Second screen only. To see everything on the connected screen. The other screen will be blank.
Then again, might not even need a cable. If PC and the projector both support Miracast, press
the Windows logo key + K, choose a projector, and set.
Not sure if PC supports Miracast? Windows will let to know. Just press the Windows logo key + K
to check.
Connect a laptop to a projector using an HDMI, DVI, VGA cable, or Bluetooth (if it's supported by
both devices).
Lab -14 Adding additional RAM to the system (expanding RAM size)
Aim : Expanding RAM size
Ground yourself
Memory banks
Step 9 - Close the Computer Case
2. Hit the switch on the back of the PC to turn off supply to the PSU.
3. Extract the side panel (usually held on by two screws on the rear).
If already have a GPU installed, skip to Step 7.
4. Remove the screws holding the GPU in on the rear bracket.
1. Take Inventory
2. Make space and time
3. Prepare your CPU case
4. Install motherboard
5. Install the processor
6. Install the processor heat sink
7. Install the RAM
8. Install SMPS
9. Install the HDD
10. Install CD/DVD drive
11. Connect Expansion cards
12. Install SYS/Rear cooling fan
13. Bus cable connection
14. Power Cable connection
15. Front Panel connector connection
1. TAKE INVENTORY:
Before start, take inventory of Computer parts. Make sure the following components and
tools with us.
1. Case/ Tower/Cabinet
2. Motherboard
3. Processor
4. HeatSink and CPU Fan
5. SMPS
6. Hard disk drive
7. CD/ DVD drive
8. RAM
9. CMOS Battery
10. A good screwdriver sets
Check Screw brass standoffs are perfectly placed or not. If it is not in a proper position, in that
case, need to position them accurately. (always check the manual and follow their instructions)
1. Use the unlocking mechanism to open the CPU socket which is, usually a lever.
2. Carefully line up the pins and place the chip in its socket; it will fit only when oriented correctly.
3. Align with the triangular symbol with the processor and socket key marks, as shown in the Figure.
4. Lower the lever to lock the CPU into place.
There are some heat sinks that come with this grease already applied. In that case, you don’t
need to use thermal grease over the chip.
1. Attach the clip that holds the heat sink in place, keeping in mind that it may require a fair amount of
force
2. Plug the CPU fan’s power connector into the proper connector on the motherboard.
9. TO INSTALL HDD:
See a 3.5 inch bay inside the CPU cabinet. If its unable to find it
Place the HDD inside the bay properly and tighten the screw.
Place the CD/DVD inside the CPU cabinet to align with the 5.25-inch bay. And, finally, need
to tighten all the screws to hold firmly.
11. INSTALL EXPANSION CARDS:
Expansion cards help to increase the functionality of computer. Place Expansion cards on the
motherboard.
PCI compatible expansion cards can place on the PCI slots of the motherboard.
PCI-e compatible expansion cards can place on the PCI-e slots of the motherboard.
Video cards or graphics cards can place on the AGP slot of the motherboard.
Cooling Fans
Find the location where you can place the Sys/Rear cooling Fan.
If motherboard has a SATA Bus connector, then need to use SATA cables. AND if
motherboard has a PATA Bus connector, then use PATA cable or IDE cable.
In general, two bus cables need to connect inside the CPU. First, Bus cable connects the HDD
and motherboard. And the second Bus cable connects the CD/DVD drive and motherboard.
This one is the final step of assembling a CPU. You need to provide power to the different parts
of the CPU. Plug the ATX power connector from power supply into the matching port on
motherboard.
1. Check keyboard connector port. If it is a USB connector, then connect keyboard into the proper USB
port. And if it is a PS/2 connector, then connect to the correct, PS/2 port.
2. Same steps need to follow to connect mouse into the proper port.
3. Require a VGA (Video Graphic Array) cable to connect the monitor and CPU. Find the 15 pins male
connector on the backside of the CPU cabinet and monitor. Use the VGA cable to connect the CPU
cabinet and the monitor.
4. If a speaker, connect the speaker on the backside of CPU cabinet.
5. And if a printer, connect the printer on the backside of CPU cabinet.
connect the power cable with the CPU case, monitor, speaker, and printer.
To boot a computer, need hardware and software. Till now understood to assemble a computer.
If want to work on that computer, you need to install an Operating System.
WHAT IS DISASSEMBLING A PC?
Disassembling a PC means disconnecting the different components of a PC.
In the final step, unlock the processor socket and remove the processor from the motherboard
carefully.
Note: Remember, bolts or screws are the very essential things. They help to make rigid, all the
parts used inside the computer. To remove any part from the computer system mostly, need to
take out bolts first. Here in PC disassemble steps.