1947 A. Van Der Neut, The General Instability of Stiffened Cylindrical Shells Under Axial Compression. National Luchtvaartlaboratorium

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THE GENERAL INSTABILITY

OF ECCENTRICALLYSTIFFENED
CYLINDRICAL SHELLS UNDER AXIAL
COMPRESSION A N D LATERALPRESSURE I
by John N.Dickson und Richurd H. Brolliar
Prepared by
BROWN ENGINEERING, A TELEDYNE COMPANY
Huntsville, Ala.
for George C. Marshall Space FZight Center
NATIONAL
AERONAUTICS
AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, D. C. JANUARY 1 9 6 9
NASA CR-1281
TECH LIBRARY KAFB, NM
1l1ll111111111111
DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

EXPOSED TO SONICBOOMS
By David H. Cheng and Jacques E. Benveniste
Distribution of this. report is provided in the interest of

informationexchange.Responsibility for the contents
resides in the author or organization that prepared it.
Prepared under Grant No. NGR 33-013-011 by

CITY COLLEGE OF NEWYORK
New York, N.Y.
for Langley Research Center
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
For sole by the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information
-
Springfield, Virginia 22151 CFSTI price $3.00
ABSTRACT
This report summarizes recent analytical results on t h e subject of

dynamic response of structural elements exposed to sonic booms. The
structural elements of interest are uniform beams and plates with various
boundary conditions. The disturbances are represented by a variety of boom
signatures which approximate those obtained from field measurements.
Responses of structural elements to a unit impulse and to a unit force

moving a t a constant velocity are first obtained. This enables a comparison
t o b e made of the relative dynamic effects of an N-shaped pressure pulse
and an N-shaped traveling wave on a simple structure. It is followed by a
study on the effects of boundary restraints using an N-shaped pressure pulse.
Based on the results due to such idealized boom signatures as sine

pulse, half-cosine pulse, triangular pulse, N-shaped pulse, and N-shaped
pulse with spikes, two simplified methods in evaluating the boom effects on
structural elements are proposed: One requires only the knowledge of t h e
peak pressure and the other, t h e positive impulse. Neither requires the
specification of the exact shape of t h e boom signature.
The above methods are very simple to use, and are applicable to
structural elements which are always in contact with the supports. Con-
siderable higher dynamic effects can be expected in cases in which the
structural element is loosely bound to supports and may rattle in the wake
of boom disturbances. A s an illustration, a uniform rattling beam is con-
sidered in the Appendix.
iii
L I S T OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure Title Page
I. Stiffened
Cylindrical
Shell ........................ 3
2. ForcesandMomentsActing on ShellElement ........... 5
3. ExternalForcesActing onShellElement .............. 10
4. ForcesandMomentsActing on Stringer. .............. 12
5. ForcesandMomentsActing on theRing. .............. 15
6. Buckling Load Versus Mode Shape .................. 24
7. Longitudinal CrossSection of Cylinder Wall ............ 26
8. CorrugationCrossSection. ....................... 29
9. Group
C
Cylinder
Stiffening
Elements ............... 30
Ai. LocalBucklingPattern .......................... 36
A2. s Versus e e forLargeStrains ( a ) andSmall

X xy Y
Strains ( b ) .................................. 38
A3. s Versus ee for Large Strains ( a ) andSmall

Y x' Y
Strains ( b ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
A4. p Versus ee for Large Strains ( a ) andSmall

I
X xy Y
Strains ( b ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
A5. p Versus e e forLargeStrains ( a ) andSmall

P x' Y
Strains ( b ) .................................. 41
A6. emus e e forLargeStrains (a) andSmall

pYv xy Y
Strains (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
iv
I
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Concluded)

Figure ‘ Title Page
A7 . p
9
Versus e
x’ Y
e for Large Strains (a) andSmall
Strains (b) .................................. 43
Bi . Deflection of CylinderBetweenRings ................ 52
B 2. Equilibrium of SmallElement . ................... 52
ci . ComputerProgram Flow Chart .................... 55
Dl. Order of Input ................................ 95
D2 . Sample
Case No . 1 ........................... 98
D3 . SampleCase No . 2 ............................ 102
L I S T OF TABLES
Table. Title Page
I. Ring-Stiffened
Cylinders.
Axial Load ................ 27
I1. Ring-Stiffened CorrugatedCylinders. Axial Load ........ 28
III. Effect of RingEccentricity ....................... 29
IV . RingandStringerStiffenedCylinders.Bending Load ...... 31
CI. List of ComputerProgramSubroutines ............... 64
CII . ComparisonBetweenTextandProgramNotation ......... 66
CIII . Computer
Program ............................ 67
..I
DI . Input Format ................................ 96
DII . ComputerProgram InputSymbolTable ............... 96
V
DEFINITION OF SYMBOLS
a.. Stiffness matrix coefficients
11
Distance from skin centerline to out-of-plane bending s h e a r
br' bs
center of ring and stringer, respectively (radially outward
positive)
Distance from skin centerline to neutral axis of ring and

stringer, respectively ( radially outward positive)
Normalized strain in shell in x and y directions, respectively
e Normalized shear strain in shell

XY
f Amplitude of local buckling wave, defined by Figure A i
Y kr
k Et/R2, E A . / R 2
r r
m Number of longitudinal half waves
-
m m r/L
n Number of circumferential waves

-
n n/R
P Lateral pressure on cylinder (internal pressure positive)
Lateral load per unit area acting on ring

'r
P' Lateral pressure acting on shell element
Pressure matrix coefficients
Buckling load per unit of length of circumference, measured

.at skin ~centerlirie
Local buckling load per unit of length of circumference
vi
DEFINITION OF SYMBOLS (Continued)
Portion of local buckling load acting on shell elementper unit
q‘0
of length of circumference
Axial load acting on stringerper unit of length of circumference

qS
q’ Axial load acting on shell elementper unit of length of

circumference
Buckling load matrix coefficients
Normalized stress in shell in x and y directions, respectively
Normalized shear stress in shell
Shell thickness; facesheet thickness for sandwich shells;

defined by Figure 8 for corrugated shells
Displacement of cylinder at shell centerline in the x, y, and z

directions,respectively
u v w Displacement of ring centroid in the x, y, and z directions,

r’ r’ r
respectively
u v w Displacement of stringer centroid in the x, y, and z directions,

s) s
respectively
-
W Prebuckling radial displacement of stiffened shell
-
A kr/( kL, + BLrkr)
A Area of ring
r
A A r e a of stringer; area per pitch of corrugation
S
D D Bending stiffness of shell in longitudinal and circumferential

x) Y directions,respectively
. vii
D Defined by equation (5)
P
D Longitudinal flexural rigidity of shell-stringer combination
xx
D E I /L
xs s xs s
D E I /L
zs s zs s
E I /L
r yr r
E I /L
1: zr r
Moduli of elasticity of shell, ring, and stringer, respectively
E A /L
r r r
E A /L
s s s
Extensional stiffnesses of the shell in the longitudinal and
circumferential directions, respectively
E Defined by equation ( 5)
I-1
Shear moduli of shell, ring, and stringer, respectively
-
G Gt
H Distance between facesheet centerlines for sandwich shells
I Moment of inertia of the ring about a longitudinal line through

Yr the centroid of the ring cross section
I Moment of inertia of the ring about a radial line through the

zr
centroid of the ring cross section
I Moment of inertia of stringer about a tangential line through its

xs
centroid; moment of inertia per pitch of corrugation
I Moment of inertia of stringer about a radial line through its

zs
centroid
viii
J I/G times torsional stiffness of ring

r r
J I/G times torsional stiffness of stringer
S S
K Twisting stiffness of shell
K G J /L
r r r r
K G J /L
S s s s
L Length of cylinder
L Ring spacing
r
L Stringer spacing; pitch of corrugation
S
Stress couples acting on shell element in x and y directions,

Mx’ My
respectively
M M Torsional stress couples actingon skin element

XY’ Yx
M M Stress couples acting on ring element in y and z directions,
yr’ zr
respectively
M Torsional stress couple acting on ring element

Yxr
M M Stress couples acting on stringer element in x and z directions,
xsy zs
respectively
M Torsional stress couple acting on stringer element

XYS
N N Stress resultants due to buckling displacements actingon shell

xy Y element in x and y directions, respectively
N N Shear stress resultants acting on shell element

XY’ YX
N N Stress resultants acting on stringer element in x and y

xsy xys
directions,respectively
L
N N Stress resultants acting on ring element in y and x
Yr' yxr directions,respectively
N N Total stress resultant acting on shell element in x and y

x) Y directions,respectively
N Total stress ,resultant actingon stringer in x direction

xs
Total stress resultant acting on ring in y direction
N Local hoop stress resultant before general instability

YY
Radial shear stress resultants acting on skin element
&x' Qy
Radial shear stress resultant acting on stringer and ring,
QXS) Qyr
respectively
R Radius to centerline of shell
R + br, R + bs, respectively
R + cr ) R + c S ) respectively
T T ; Interface moments per unit area acting on skin, ring, an.d

x) Y stringer; respectively
T T -
xr) y r '
T T
xs) ys
U Amplitude of u
V Amplitude of v; radial shear force, per unit of length of

circumference reacted by the ring
W Amplitude of w
Interface forces per unit area acting on skin, ring, and

stringer,respectively
X
Q dA2+ q/(4Dxx) o r buckling wave shape parameter defined in
Figure Ai‘
C r Q Defined by equation ( A8) Appendix A

P’
P
Reduced moduli for shell in x and y directions, respectively
Reduced modulus for cross stiffness (Poisson’s effect)
Reduced modulus for shear
Skin effective width factor
Shear strain in shell
Number of rings per longitudinal half wave length
-
3(1 - P2) LS
E € Strains in shell in x and y directions, respectively

xy Y
E € Circumferential strain in ring and longitudinal strain in stringer,
yr’ xs
respectively
K K Curvature changes in shell in x and y directions, respectively

x’ Y
K Specific twist of shell element
yx
K K Curvature changes of stringer in radial plane and normal to
xs’ zs
radial plane, respectively
K K Specific twist of stringer and ring, respectively

xys’ yxr
K Curvature changes in plane and normal to planeof ring,
y r ~K z r
respectively
xi
I
DEFINITION OF SYMBOLS (Concluded)

h Local
buckling
longitudinal
half
wave
length, see Figure AI
I.1 Poisson’s
ratio of shell
Stress in shell in x and y directions, respectively

“xy “y
U Shear stress
shell
in
XY
( ),x Differentiation
with
respect to x
xii
THE GENERAL'INSTABILITY OF ECCENTRICALLY STIFFENED
CYLINDRICAL SHELLS UNDER AXIAL COMPRESSION
AND LATERAL PRESSURE
SUMMARY
This report presents a method of analysis to determine the general

instability load of an orthogonally stiffened cylindrical shell under axial com-
pression and lateral pressure. The governing equations are derived using
small deflection theory; and,, consequently, the validity of the method must be
restricted to moderately or heavily stiffened cylinders. All the stiffnesses
occurring in stiffened shells of this type have been incorporated, and the rings
and stringers are considered eccentricwith respect to the skin middle surface.
Local buckling of the skin between adjacent stringers before general instability
is allowed, and the resulting reductions in stiffness properties of the skin are
determined as a function of the two principal strains.
Analytical and experimental results are compared for twenty-nine

stifkned cylinders loaded in compression and for six stiffened cylinders loaded
in bending.
The method has been programmed f o r use with an IBM 7094 computer.
The computer program and detailed instructions for its use are included in this
report.
I NTRODUCT ION
The interest in general instability of stiffened cylindrical shells has

increased considerably in the last few years because of the many applications
in space vehicle structures, but the basic problem is an old one. For many
years, stiffened cylinders were designed almost exclusively by empirical o r
semi-empirical methods, since they were the most reliable methods available.
In more recent years, methods have been developed, using small deflection
theory, which are in good agreement with experimental results for all except
lightly stiffened cylinders.
A detailed description of the early papers using small deflection theory
is given in References Iand 2. Later papers have shown that the eccentricity
of the stiffeners has an appreciable effect on the general instability load. Some
of the papers which have considered stiffener eccentricity are discussed i n the
following paragraph.
Van d e r Neut showed the importance of ring and stringer eccentricities

for cylinders under axial load in Reference 3 , published in 1947. Kendricks [ 41,
Bodner and Shaw [ 51 , and Baruch..and Singer [ 61 have shown the same to be true
for stiffened cylinders under hydrostatic pressure. Block, Card, and Mikulas
[7] investigated a stiffened cylinder under a combination of axial load and lateral
pressure. Hedgepeth and Hall [ 81 and Jones and Card [ 91 analytically examined
stiffened cylinders with fixed ends loadedin compression and made comparisons
with the test data given in Reference 10. The authors examined ring stiffehed,
corrugated cylinders loaded in compression in Reference 11.
A second area of interest is stiffened cylinders in which local buckling

of the skin between stringers occurs before general instability. Card [ 121
presents test data for stiffened cylinders having local buckling before general
instability. He uses the genera1 instability method of Reference 13 combined
with the buckled skin stiffness properties of Reference 14 to analytically predict
the failure loads.
A s the available methods for predicting general instability have improved,

they have also become more complex, with computer programs generally being
needed to implement them.
The purpose of this report is to present, in computerized form, a method

to determine the general instability load of an orthogonally stiffened cylindrical
shell subjected to axial compression and lateral pressure. The method is
developed for the general case in which general instability is preceded by local
buckling of the skin between adjacent longitudinal stiffeners.
GENERAL THEORY
Basic Assumptions and Limitations
The equations are developed i n this section for buckling causedby

general instability of an orthogonally stiffened cylindrical shell (Fig. I)
2
FIGURE i . STIFFENED CYLINDRICAL SHELL
3
loaded simultaneously by axial compression and lateral pressure. In the deri-
vation, the following basic assumptions are made:
I. Classical small deflection theory adequately describes the strains

in the cylinder in terms of the buckling displacements u, v, and w.
2. The stiffeners are spaced close enough so that their elastic proper-
ties may be uniformly distributed.
3. Prebuckling displacements are neglected.
4. The cylinder is simply supported at each end.
The first assumption limits the validity of the method of analysis to

cylinders with moderate to heavy stiffening. For monocoque and lightly stif-
fened cylinders, the general instability load lies below the classical buckling
load, and small deflection theory is no longer adequate to describe the state of
stress in the cylinder during buckling. Assumption 2 is valid as long as the
half wave length of the buckled skin encompasses at least two stiffeners. This
condition presents no difficulty as far as the stringers are concerned, but in
some cases, the longitudinal half wave length is found to be almost equal to the
ring spacing. For these cases the results are unreliable and a discrete ring
analysis must be made. The last assumption is not as restrictive as it appears,
because if the length of the cylinder i s several times larger than the critical
longitudinal half wave length, the conditions at the ends of the cylinder should
not affect the critical load.
Method of Analysis
For the purpose of formulating the equations of equilibrium, the rings

and stringers are assumed to be detached from the cylindrical shell. An element
of the shell is shown in Figure 2. This element is acted upon at its edges by the
stress resultants and couples caused by the buckling deformations. It is also
acted upon by surface forces, which, in addition to the lateral pressure, w i l l
include forces and moments applied to the ‘shell by the rings and stringers.
The middle surface of the shell is taken as the load reference surface.
Differential equations in terms of the buckling displacements are obtained by
considering the equilibrium of a shell element. Similar equations are derived
4
n
FIGURE 2. FORCES AND MOMENTS ACTING ON SHELL ELEMENT

for corresponding ring and stringer elements and combined with the shell equi-
librium equations in a manner that will eliminate the unknown surface forces
from the shell equations. The resulting equations contain two types of terms.
The.first type involves products of the stiffness parameters and derivativesof
the displacements; the second type involves products of the external loads and
derivatives of the displacements. By assuming periodic functions for the
buckling displacements, the three differential equations may be transformed into
three linear, homogeneous equations. A nontrivial solution for this set of
equations requires that the determinant of its matrix be zero. This condition
yields a cubic equation from which the buckling load may be faund fora given
mode shape;
Kinematic Relations
ALcording to the Love-Kirchhoff postulation of thin shell theory, strains

are assumed to vary linearly through the thickness of the shell. The behavior
of the shell is therefore completely defined by the strains and curvatures of its
middle surface. The strains and curvatures expressed in terms of the displace-
ments of the middle surface may be written
E = u, K =r,W,=
X X X
4
E =v, +- I W
Y Y R
4
If i t is assumed that the stiffeners are rigidly attached to the shell and
that their cross sections do not distort, the displacements of thestiffeners at
a distance z from the middle surface of the shell are
u = u - zw,
S X
v S = (1 +$) v- ZW,
Y
w.=w.
S
6
The strains and curvature changes in the planeof the stiffener are given
at the centroid, and the specific twists and out-of-plane curvatures are given
at the shear center of the stiffener cross section. This gives, for a stringer
element,
E xs =‘, X - cs w’xx
K = - W,=
xs
K = - - Rbs + b s w, xxy
ZS R v’xx
and similarly ‘fora ring element,
The last two of equations (4) a r e the out-of-plane bending and twisting of the
ring as given by Timoshenko and Gere [ 151 .
Constitutive Equations
The stress resultants and stress couples are defined as the forces and
moments per unit length, acting at the centroidal surface of the shell or
7
stiffeners. For the shell they may be obtained by integrating the stresses over
the thickness of the shell. Denoting the extensional and shear stiffnesses of the
shell by E and and the bending and torsional stiffnesses by D and K, one
may write f o r the stress resultants and stress couples of the shell
N =E E +E E
x x P
x Y
N =E E +E E
Y P X Y Y
-
Yx = G Y y x
M =-D K - D K
X xP xY
M =-D K -D K
Y P X Y Y
M + M =-KK .
XY yx YX
If there is no local buckling of the skin between stringers and the material is
isotropic, one has
D =pD
I-1 X'
The stress resultants and stress couples for the stringerand ring elements are
given by the relations
-
N =E E
xs s xs
M =-D K M =-D
x sx sx s Y' Yr KY'
8
The lateral bending stiffnesses of the stringer and ring elements, D and DZr,
zs
are usually small when compared to the shear stiffness of the shell, but they
will be maintained in the analysis for completeness.
Equilibrium Equations
Consider the equilibrium of an element of the cylindrical shell as shown

in Figures 2 and 3. The forces applied to the surface of the shell by the stiff-
eners are denoted by X, Y, and Z . They are shown in Figure 2a with the stress
resultants acting at the edges of the shell. The second figure shows the stress
couples and the moments T and T transferred into the shell by the stiffeners.
X Y
Six conditions of equilibrium may be written for the shell element, three for the
force components and three for the moments. For the total stress resultants
X
and
Y
, onemay write
N = N -ql
x x
-
N = N +p’R
Y Y
where q1 is the part of the axial load applied to the shell and p’ R is the average
prebuckling hoop stress resultant in the shell.
When theelementdeforms,the stress resultant will no longer act

X
orthogonal to the y and z axes but w i l l have components parallel to these axes.
Thecomponents on one side of the element are v , and w, respectively,
x x x x’
wherev,and w, are therotations of the shellelement. On theoppositeside,
X X
these components are larger by a differential as shown in Figure 3a and act in
theoppositedirection.Thenetcontribution by the stress resultant to the
X
force components in the y and z directions then becomes
Nx v’xx
dx dy and Nx w , dx~dy ,
respectively. Similarly, the components parallel to the x and z axes caused

by the stress resultant ~ and the p r e s s u r e f o r c e m u s t be considered in the
Y
9
FIGURE 3. EXTERNAL FORCES ACTING ON SHELL ELEMENT
10
formulation of the equilibrium equations. The rotation u, and the tilting w,
of the element cause a net force in the x direction Y X
Because of the change of angle between the hoop forces (Fig. 3b) , there will be
a contribution in the radial direction of magnitude
- I
- N (-V, -w, ) dxdy.
Y R Y YY
Finally, to take into account the strains at the middle surface of the shell, the
method proposed by Fiigge [ 161 will be adopted. In this method, the main
stress resultantsand
X
EY are multiplied by thereferencevectors ( I + E X )
and ( I + E ) , respectively, and the p r e s s u r e by the quantity ( I + E ) ( I + E 1.
Y X Y
By substituting equations (7) for the total stress resultants and equations (I)
for the strains E and E the six conditions of equilibrium for the shell element
X YY
may now be written in the following form:
+x=o
Q
N +N +y - q l v , =~+' ( R v , + W, 1 +Y=O
XYY x YY R YY Y
Y
N
M + M + Q x + Tx = 0
x, X yxyY
M + M +Q + T =O
XYYX YY y Y Y
" " "
M
-
N
xs
FIGURE 4. FORCES AND MOMENTS ACTING ON STRINGER
12
Next, the equilibrium of a stringer element will be considered. The
stress resultants and couples acting on such an elementare sho’wn in Figure 4a.
The surface forces X and Z andthemoments T and T are trans-
s ’ ys’ S xs YS
ferred into the stringer element from the shell. The axial stress resultant R
xs
acts at the centroidal surface of the stringer at a distance c from the shell
S
middle surface. Because of this eccentricity, Exs yields an important contri-
butiontothemomentequation.The lateral shear, N , is assumed to act
XYS
through the shear center of the stringer section at a distance b from the shell
S
middle surface. A s w a s done with the shell element, the main stress resultant,
-
will be multiplied by the factor ( I+ E ) to take into account the straining
Nxs, xs
of thecentroidalsurface.Because of therotations v and w, of the stringer
s x X
element, %xs will have components in the y and z directions (Figure 4b) . The
net forces in the y and z directions contributed by these components are
-
N ( RF v ,
xs xx
-
N w, dx dy
xs xx
By writing for the total stress resultant

-
N = N
xs xs - qs
where q is the part of the axial load q applied to the stringer and substituting
S
for E from equation ( 3 ) , the equilibrium equations for the stringer become
xs
+ xS = o
+ Y
S
= o
- + zS = o
Qxs, qsw’xx
X
13
M.
XS 9
- c N
s xs,X
+ qscs(u7xx - cSw7-) + &XS + Txs = 0
X
= 0.
The stress resultants and couples acting on a ring element are shown in
Figure5a.Xr’Yr’and Z are theforces,andTandTandthemoments
r . xr Yr
applied to the ring element by the shell. The total stress resultant acting on
the ring element is
where
Figure 5b shows the components caused by rotations of the element and the
change in angle between the hoop forces. The net. contribution in the x direction
becomes
and in the z direction
-GY ( -%,
r R Y
- w, YY
By substituting for the hoop strain from equation ( 4 ) and using the expression
for the total stress resultant, the conditions of equilibrium of the ring element
are given by
14
I
M*' I
FIGURE 5. FORCES AND MOMENTS ACTING ON THE RING
15
c R2
r
N w, + xr = o
STXr, XYY X
Y cr cr
Q c rR2 R
N + R w,
YrY
Y cr
N
Q R
(Ecr + cr) W, + U, - v i +-
Yr, YY X cr
+ T = 0
+ Qyr
The forces and moments acting at the interfaces between the shell and
the rings and stringer are eliminated by adding equations ( 8) , ( 9) , and ( 10) .
The resulting six equations may now be combined to yield the following three
equilibrium equations.
+p [R (1 - e) u, YY - w, X -
c R2a
rR p w ,
cr XYY
] = o
16
I
" I I Rbs
N +M ) -"M "
+N
YX,X R "Yx, X xy9X R VSYX R zs,
xx YY
Y
e
+ '.- R cr N --MI I - q [(I.Rcs'-R2

R Yr,
Y
R , . Y'y
-"M
R Y',y*
-
Rz aq jv.XX
-
c R
s cs
R Q! qw, =Y ] + p k ( l
C
+ $Q!@)v, YY + w , Y - c rRa! pw, m = o . ]

I
-M -M
xs 9 X
+cN
s xs, xx
-M
YY
-M
YrY
+c N
1' yr,
- "M
R zr,
xx YY YY YY X
N N c R
-b M s cs
s zs, R R v,
qxxy
Xxy
2c
2
-c a! w, - c 2a ! w
cr
CCY c R2a
r
+ - RR
r P W + u, +c Ra, v, -c a! w ,
R
cr cr XYY P YYY r P =
where
a! = 'r
P -
P
17
If there is no local buckling of the shell between stringers, p and q are
r S
obtained from equations ( 17) . If q is larger than the local buckling load q
0)
Q! and Q! are given by equations (A8) in Appendix A.
q P
The stress resultants and stress couples as defined by equations ( 5) and

( 6 ) may be expressed in terms of the buckling displacements by use of equations
(I) , ( 3 ) , and (4) , after which substitution of the stress resultants and couples
in equation ( 11) yields
CQ! c R2a!
r
x R
cr
D 'D
Dzs%sbs
R R R w7
cr xxx)cy
cRR 2 - R 2
-q +
[(I cs -- s cs
R2 Q!q)v'xx R
- C
+ p l R (I+ -$aP)v, YY + w, Y - cr RQ!pw, m3 = 0 *
18
..... ".
"
E KR2 D R D b R3
" cc u, + c E u, - zr r
U,
R X S S X X X XYYYY
Rb,"
- -
-(; + f)
E
b y + (- D
E r cr + R
A + Rk ) v ,
cr YYY
E DzsbsRbs
V,
R =Y cr
+-
D
R%r
zr
w,
xx
+
2Ercr
R
cr
w,
YY
-( 2D + K + K
P
+
K R3
7
r
Rbr
br
- (D + D
x xs
+ C 'E ) w , xxxx -
s s
(Dy+ e
D R
cr
-
Db 2R3
Ercr"R zr r
+ R
w,
YYYY
+ D b2w, + W,
zs s xxxxyy
cr Rbr" =YYYY
c R a
+ s Rcs q V - c 2a w, - c 2a w,
2c a c a c R2a
pu,
R XYY
cr cr
+ c Ra v,
r P m
- c a w ,
r P =
-
c 2R2a
1:
R
cr
w,
=YY -
c 2R2a,
U
R
W
cr
,
YYYY ]= (12)
0 .
Displacements and Boundary Conditions
The cylinder is in equilibrium under the applied loadingj u s t before

buckling, and the deformations caused by buckling are measured from this
position. A solution to equations ( 12) is obtained by taking for the buckling
displacements the following expressions:
19
- -
u = U cos mx cos ny
- -
v = V s i n mx s i n ny
- -
w = W s i n rnx COS ny .
This corresponds to the following simply supported boundary conditions at
x= 0, L.
w = o N = O N = O
X xs
v = o M = O M = O .
X xs
Thus, at the ends of the cylinder, motion radially and tangentially is prevented,
while longitudinal motion is allowed; i. e. , u f 0 .
Introducing the expressions for the displacements ( 13) into the differen-
tial equations ( 12) gives the following three linear equations in matrix form:
where the A matrix contains all the stiffness terms, the P matrix contains all
the pressure t e r m s , and the Q matrix contains all the axial load multipliers.
The coefficients of the above matrices are as follows: .
K R D R3
zr
3 n4
Rbr
- -"
a12 = a21 =
(EP + mn
-
E K R D b R3
R -- zr r3
y m n2 + mn4
R s s
Rbr Rbr
20
p23 = p32 = - (I +c -
Ra! -n2 ) n.p
r e
2c a! cr2R2a!
R
cr
-.]
' ( Z 2 + -n2 ) n p
-2
911 =
q i 2 = 921 = 0
922 = ( 1+
R '-R2
""RZ CY 9 ) m2
q33 = [I + c 2a!
s 9
(-m
2
+- 2-n2 )I m . 1 .
Determination of Buckling Load

The set of homogeneous equations ( 14) has nontrivial solutions only
[;:::::q
when the determinant of its matrix is zero, o r
= 0
d33
d32
where the coefficients of [Dl are given by
22
Assuming the pressure to be known, the determinant ID I is a polynomial of
third degree in q. Calculating the buckling load f o r known values of m and n
is now reduced to finding the lowest root (eigenvalue) of the characteristic
equation .
q3+aq2+bq+c = 0 (15)
where a, b , and c are h w n . The critical buckling load of the cylinder may
be found by calculating the lowest root of equation ( 15) for a wide range of
values of m and n, and plotting a family of curves as shown in Figure 6 . The
critical buckling load will then be the minimum valueof q corresponding to
integer values of m and n. In the computer program, this minimum value will
be indicated for the specified range of m and n.
In the determination of the critical buckling load, as described above,

it w a s tacitly assumed that the quantities Q and a were known s o that the
P q
coefficients of the P and Q matrices could be determined. If it is assumed
that the external loads are distributed uniformly between shell and stiffeners,
one has
P
=-
P
-
-
E +Et
r
E
qS S
= - -
Q
q q
-
-
E +Et
S
The correct values of and Q , however, are load dependent and must be
Q
P q
calculated from prebuckling stress-strain relations. Using equations (Bi) and
(B7) and the definition for A given in equation (A2) , one may write
'r - Lr = [p+$(q-qsjA
and the longitudinal prebuckling strain
23
FIGURE 6. BUCKLING LOAD VERSUS MODE SHAPE
24
- - qs
-E
E =-"-"
X
qS
-
q
Et -
Et
CCR
(P - P,)
S
from which
After some manipulation of the above equations, one obtains
Since a!and a! appear only in the eccentricity terms of the matrix coefficients ,
PJ
the use of equations ( 16) for the determination of the critical mode shape should
be satisfactory. A f t e r the minimum load h a s been found, however, equations
( 17) are used to calculate new values of a and a! corresponding to this load.
P q
A corrected value for the critical buckling load is now obtained by repeating
some of the calculations for the critical mode shape.
COMPARISON W ITH TEST RESULTS
The method presented in this report has been compared with three groups
of cylinders. Group A contains twenty-three ring-stiffened cylinders, group
B contains six ring-stiffened corrugated cylinders, and group C contains
six ring-and-stringer stiffened cylinders. Groups A and B were loaded in
compression, and group C was loaded in bending.
The testing procedure andtest results for the group A cylinders are
given in References 17 and 18. The predicted failure load for these cylinders
has been calculated using the computer program in Appendix C. Figure 7 shows
25
the cylinder geometry. Table I has the cylinder dimensions, the predicted
wave shape, and a comparison of the predicted and actual failure loads. Many
of these cylinders had their minimum predicted load for the circumferential
mode shape n = 0, which is an axisymmetric buckling mode.
FIGURE 7 . LONGITUDINALCROSS SECTION O F CYLINDER WALL
The agreement between the predicted failure load and the actual failure
load is good, particularly for such lightly stiffened cylinders. The problems
inherent in lightly stiffened cylinders are further discussed on page 32.
The test results for the group B cylinders provide a comparison with
larger, more heavily stiffened cylinders and show the marked effect of stiffener
eccentricity. These ring-stiffened corrugated cylinders were tested as part of
the Saturn V development program. Figure 8 shows the corrugation cross
section. Table II gives the cylinder properties, the predicted wave shape, and
a comparison of the predicted and actual failure loads. The actual longitudinal
and circumferential buckle wave shapes for these cylinders were evident before
the general instability failure, and, in most of the tests, the actual and pre-
dicted wave shapes were in agreement (see Reference 11 for a further discussion) .
The agreement between the predicted and actual failure loads for the group B
cylinders is quite good. All of the predicted failure loads agree with the actual
failure loads within f 14 percent. One of the specimens, cylinder number 6, is
very likely the largest cylinder tested anywhere which has failed in general
instability.
26
TABLE I. RING-STIFFENED 'CYLINDERS, AXIAL LOAD
WI w.ra
Id
0.01610
I O . 0421
27
TABLE D. RING-STIFFENEDCORRUGATED CYLTNDERS, AXIAL LOAD
Cylinder
Aluminum Alloy 7075-T6 7075-T6 7075-T6

7075-T6 7075-T6 7075-T6
Cylinder Length
(in. ) 33.000 33.000 33.000 69.600 69.600 268.600
(cm) 83.800 83.800 83.800 176.800 176.800 682.200
(in. Radius ) 24.700 24.700 24.700

49.400 49.400 197.700
( cm) 62.700 62.700 62.700 125.000 125.000 502.200
Corrugation Pitch
(Ls) 9 (in. ) 1.430 1.430 1.430 2.850 2.850 11.400
(em) 3.630 3.630 3.630 7.240 7.240 28.950
Corrugation Thickness ( t ),
(in. ) 0.020 0.019 0.025 0.041 0.041 0.185
(cm) 0.050 0.048 0.060 0.100 0.100 0.470
Corrugation Depth (d) ,

(in.) 0.440 0.440 0.440 0.870 0.870 3.480
(cm) 1.120 1.120 1.120 2.210 2.210 8.840
- -
Shape of Ring c I I I I I
Spacing
Ring
(in. ) 6.3800 6.3800 6.3800 12.400 12.400 49.500
( cm) 16.2100 16.2100 16.2100 31.500 31.500 125.700
Ring Moment of Inertia

(in. 4, 0.0050 0. 0104 0.0104
0.286 0.286 i 41.500
( cm4) 0.2080 0.4330 0.4330 11.900 11.900
5889.000
(in.
Area
Ring ') 0.0400 0.1210 0.1210 0.180 3.950 0.180
( Cm2) 0.2580 0.7800 0.7800 1.160 10.030 1.160
nT
Ring Eccentricity
(in.) -0.7300 -0.5300 -0.5300
-1.990 -1.990 -8.740
( cm) -1.8500 -1.3500 -1.3500 -5.050 -5.050 -22.200
-
Predicted Longitudinal
Half Waves ( m) 2 3 3 3
Predicted Circumferential
Full Waves ( n)
Actual Failure Load

(Kips ) 131.0 5 174.0 224.0
5 5 .~ . 648.0
. ~ " 4
14 119.0
(N) 5.83 x lo5 7.74 x lo5 9.96 x lo5 2. 93x lo6 2.88 x lo6 62.90 x lo6
Predicted Failure Load

(Kips) 119.0 659.0233.0198.0659.0 13 580.0
(N) 5.29 x lo5 8.81 x lo5 1 . 0 4 ~lo6 2.93 x lo6 2.93 x
Percent Error (yo) -9.2 . 13.8 0.0 -3.80 1.7

~- " . "
" ~~~
28
FIGURE 8. CORRUGATIONCROSS SECTION
A comparison of Table I1 with Table I shows that the agreement is

better for the group B cylinders than for the group A cylinders. This improve-
ment is probably because the group B cylinders are more heavily stiffened.
Table I11 has the calculated failure load for these six cylinders with
three different ring locations to show the effect of ring eccentricity. The cases
in columns A and C of Table 111 have the same amount of eccentricity; only
the direction of eccentricity is different. The cases in column B have no ring
eccentricity. A s Table 111 shows, the effect of ring eccentricity is appreciable,
and if it had been ignored in calculating the failure load for the cylinders tested,
the calculations would have been very unconservative.
TABLE III. EFFECT OF RING ECCENTRICITY

-. ~. ". ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Corrugated Predicted Failure Load (KIPS)

Cylinder
~ ~~
Col.B Col. c
No.
Rings Rings at Rings
I Inside Corrugation $ Outside
I19 254 2 95
I98 351 492

233 41 7 563
659 1226 1254.
13 580 23 840 24 250
29
The testing.procedure andtest results for the group C cylinders , which
were loaded in bending, are given in Reference 12. These cylinders had local
skin buckling before the overall general instability failure of the cylinder. The
cylinder stiffening elements are shown in Figure 9. The predicted failure load
for these cylinders was obtained by equating theaverage load p e r inch around
the circumference of the cylinder caused by an axial load to the maximum load
p e r inch caused by a bending moment.
FIGURE 9. GROUP C CYLINDER STIFFENING ELEMENTS
Table IV has the cylinder properties, the predicted general instability

wave shape, the computed failure load without'the skin stiffness being reduced
by local buckling, the predicted failure load, and the actual failure load. In
general, the computed failure load was reduced 35 to 45 percent when the reduc-
tions in the skin stiffnesses caused by local buckling were considered. For the
group C cylinders, the predicted failure loads agree with the actual failure loads
within * I 4 percent,
I
Some of these cylinders had a small number of longitudinal half waves.

This often indicates that the cylinder end conditions should be carefully con-
sidered. A closer examination of these cylinders shows that the predicted
failure load did not change greatly as the number of longitudinal waves was
increased. Thus, it appears that the cylinder end condition did not appreciably
affect the failure load.
30
TABLE IV. RINGAND STRINGER STIFFENED CYLINDERS,BENDINGLOAD
-r
'ype Cylinderd
I
Cyhder
Material
.
tn?
(cm')
,I Computeda
Failure Load
Ib/in.
(N/m)
Longltudinal
Half Waves
(m)
Predictedb
Circumferentlal
Full Waves
( n)
Failure Load
Ib/ln.
(N/m)
~
1
1
Actual'
Failure Load
Ib/in.
(N/m)
Percent
Error
1
I
7075-T6 6 2.48 0.54 0.0199 0.0380 1860.0 3 6 1192.0 1136.0 + 4.9
(6.299)
(15.24) ( 1.312) (0.0505 (0.2451) ( 325 )
550. (208 600.) .(198 800.)
1015-T6 9 2.48 0.54 0,0199 0. 0379 1146.0 3 7 1127.0 1000.0 +iZ.l
(6.299)
(22.86) (1.372) (0.0505 (0.2574) (305 550.) (197 200.) ( 175 000.)
7075-T6 12 2.48 0.54 0,0199 0.0381 1642.0 3 I 1083.0 948.0 +14.2

(6.299)
(30.48) (1.372) (0.0505
- (0.2457) (267 350.) ( 189 500.) ( 165 900.)
1075-T6 6 4.04 0.30 0.0197 0. 0396 1184.0 1 5 665.0 726.0 - 8.4

(15.24) (10.26) (0.762) (0.050) (0.2516) (207 200.) (116 400.) (127050.)
7075-T6 9 4.04 0.30 0.0197 0.038 1 1019.0 2 7 605.0 652.0 - 7.2

(10.26)
(22.86) (0.162) (0.050) (0.2451) ( 178 )
330. (105 900.) (114 100.)
1075-T6 12 4.04 0.30 0.0197 0.0389 928.0 1 6 553.0 615.0 -10.1

(30.48) ( 10.26) (0.162) (0.050) (0.2509) (162 400.) (96 780.) (107 600.)
a. H -
tuckling
b. With local sldo buckling
c. Maxlmum q (Ib/in.) caused by the applied tendlng moment
d. For all cylinders: radlus to skin mldplane, R. 38.6 In.; test sectlon lengths, L. 1 2 . In.
DISCUSSION
The method of analysis given in this report shows that stiffener eccen-
tricity has a marked effect on the general instability buckling load of a cylinder.
As shown in Table 111, moving the rings from the inside to the outside of a
corrugated cylinder increased the general instability buckling load 90 to 150
percent. Certainly this eccentricity effect must be included in any general
instability calculation. The computer program given in Appendix C makes this
inclusion relatively simple for the stress analyst.
When a cylinder has local skin buckling between the stringers before the
general instability failure, the skin stiffnesses that a r e used in the general
instability calculations must be reduced. The procedure used to reduce these
stiffnesses is developed in Appendix A . To calculate the reduced skin stiff-
nesses the average hoop stress in the skin must be known. The procedure used
to calculate the average hoop stress resultant is developed in Appendix B. The
general instability load can be reduced significantly by local skin buckling. For
the cylinders listed in Table IVY the load reduction varied from 30 to 45 percent.
The method given here is based on the assumption that the average
number of rings ( 6) in each longitudinal half wave is sufficient s o that the rings
can be considered to be uniformly distributed along the cylinder. Van d e r Neut
[ 191 performed a study to determine what error was produced by using a
"smeared" ring approach when 6 was low. H e states that for stiffened cylinders,
t h e e r r o r is about 4 percent for 6 = 2 . 0 and 6 percent for 6 = 1.6, the exact
e r r o r being dependent upon the stiffness properties. The test data examined
here support this conclusion. Cylinders 2 and 3 in Table I1 have a 6 of 1 . 7 and
their percent errors are not out of line with the remainder of the data, which
have higher 6 ' s .
A second assumption used in the derivationis the application of s m a l l

deflection theory. This theory is adequate for moderately stiffened and heavily
stiffened cylinders, as the test results show. It may be used for lightly stiff-
ened cylinders, s o long as the cylinder imperfections do not appreciably affect
the failure load. Unfortunately, at present there is no well tested method for
determining when imperfections must be considered in lightly stiffened cylinders.
Almroth [ 201 has proposed a method for analyzing lightly stiffened cylinders.
This method uses a reduction factor, which is based on the cylinder stiffnesses,
to determine the buckling load.
32
The method given in this report was developed using the approach pro-
posed by Fliigge [ 161 for handling the coupling between the in-plane extensions
in the shell and the applied loads. Because of this, the method given here is
valid both for cylinders which buckle in the axisymmetric mode ( n = 0) and f o r
cylinders which buckle as a column ( m = 1, n = I) . Methods based on the
Donnell assumptions are not this flexible. In general, using the Flcgge [ 161
technique gives a lower and more accurate buckling load than that obtained
using the Donnell assumptions when the number of circumferential waves (n) is
low (0, 1,2, o r 3 ) .
The computer program given in Appendix C has been written as generally

as possible. It can be used to examine cylinders both for general instability and
panel instabi1it.y. The instructions for operating the program are given in
Appendix D.
George C. Marshall Space Flight Center

National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Huntsville, Alabama, June 28 , 1968
933-31-01-00-62
33
APPENDIX A. LOCAL BUCKLING OF SHELL
In this report local bucklingw i l l be defined as buckling of the shell

between two adjacent stringers caused by a combination of axial compression
and lateral tension or compression. Lateral compression, if present, is
assumed to contribute to, but not to be the primarycause of, the local buckling.
When local buckling occurs, the longitudinal extensional stiffness of the shell is
drastically reduced, and as a result, the shell will no longer carry its full share
of the axial load. The lateral stiffness, the cross stiffness (Poisson's effect),
and the shear stiffness are also affected. Since all the parameters above enter
into the general instability analysis, the complete stiffness matrix of the buckled
shell with respect to incremental deformations must beknown.
An analysis to determine the elementsof such a stiffness matrix w a s

performed by Van d e r Neut [ 211 for rectangular, simply supported, flat plates.
In the analysis it was assumed that the panel was sufficiently long s o that the
only geometric properties affecting local bucklingwere the panel width and
thickness. Van der Neut presented his results in graphical form, giving average
stresses and stiffness reduction factors in terms of the normalized strains.
H i s graphs, however, do not cover the range of strain to critical strain ratios
required to check the available experimental results. In addition, a small
e r r o r was discovered in one of the equations of Reference 21. T h i s s m a l l e r r o r
was apparently introduced when the manuscript was written and retained in the
programming of the numerical computations. It was, therefore, decided to
generate a new set of numerical data using the procedure suggestedby Van d e r
Neut and to incorporate it into the computer program as semi-permanent data.
A brief description of this procedure is given in the next paragraph.
Van d e r Neut established his data on the basis of Koiter's shear field
theory [22] using the first of several wave forms considered by Koiter. A s
shown in Figure A I , this wave form is sinusoidal in the longitudinal direction.
To account for large strain to critical strain ratios, the amplitude of the sine
wave is held constant for partof the panel width around the center of the panel
and then decreases to zero at the edges ; hence only theedge s t r i p s are double
curved. The potential energy of the buckled panel is determined in accordance
with the assumed deflection pattern and minimized with respect to the four
parameters, f, X, m, and a. This yields four simultaneous equations from
which these parameters
-~
may be determined .in .terms
~ .
of the strain components.
"
Expressions may now be derived for the average panel stresses and differentiated
with respect to the strains to obtain the reduced moduli.
35
1'
I
1.
S
FIGURE A I . LOCAL BUCKLING PATTERN
36
By defining the normalizedstresses and strains
€ E
e
X
= -X
E* eY = $ e
XY
-"xy
€*
s --"xy
xy E€*
where
is the critical compressive longitudinal strain, the reduced moduli may be

expressed by the following partial differentials :
as
"
a sX -
- 2
px - ae ae
X Y
The average normalized stresses, s and s , are plotted in Figures A 2

X Y
and A 3 ; and the reduced moduli p
x' P I " , p, , and p S are plotted in Figures A 4
through A 7 , respectively, as a function of the normalized strains, e and e
X Y
.
The values of s and s that define the point of initial buckling a r e given
X Y
by :
i
s = - ? ( D + I)
x0
i
s = "(1 -D2) (Ai)
YO 4
where D = (L /A) 2. With the use of equations ( B i ) and (B7) the average hoop
S
stress resultant in the shell may be written in the form:
37
FIGURE A2. s VERSUS ex, e FOR LARGE STRAINS (a)
X Y
AND SMALL STRAINS (b)
38
0
-16 -14 -12 -10 -2 '0
39
e
Y
40.
20
-
0
-160 -1 20 -100 -80 -20 0
ex
(a)
FIGURE A4. p VERSUS ex, e FORLARGESTRAINS (a)

X Y
40
r -
"
80
40
-20
10 t
5
FIGURE A5. p VERSUS ex, e FOR LARGE STRAINS (a)

P Y
41
0
-16
-
-10 -14
ex
-12
-
-8
(b)
-2 0
FIGUREA6. p VERSUS ex, e FOR LARGE STRAINS (a)

Y Y
A-ND SMALL STRAINS ( b)
42
40
10
t
5
-16
-
-14
ex
-1 2 -10 -8
( b)
d -4 -2 0
FIGURE A7. p VERSUS ex, e FORLARGESTRAINS (a)

S Y
43
P
p'R = pR( 1 - A ) - pAgb
k
r
A =
kL
r
+ BLrkr
Equation ( A 2 ) may be normalized by dividing through by E t E*' , after which

substitution of ( A i ) yields the quadratic equation
D2+2pAD+2pA - i - 4(1 -A)- PR

Et€*
= 0 ,
(A3)
and since D must be a positive quantity, the only valid solution is:
D = -pA + J ( p A - I ) 2 + 4 ( I - A ) p RE t E*' (A4)
The total axial stress resultant is found by equating the strains in the shell and
stringers , o r :
Normalization of the equation above and substitution of ( A l ) and ( A 2 ) gives:
i -p2A+ -
-
Et)Esc* +p Et .
Es(l - A ) -
PR (A51
E
S
Since Ais- a fimction-of qo-for a given value of p, the correct value of qo must
be found by iteration.
44
If the general instability load lies above the load calculated from equation
(A5), general instability is preceded by local buckling and the shell stiffnesses
must be multiplied by appropriate reduction factors as obtained from Figures '
A4 through A7. Since the average stresses and the reduced moduli are given
in terms of strains, the magnitude of the strains for a given combination of
axial load and lateral pressure must first be determined.
For the total axial load, one may write:
and solving for the longitudinal strain gives:
The average hoop s t r a i n is obtained by substituting equations ( B i 1) and ( B 1)

into equation ( B8) to give:
and, after normalizing and substituting for A N from equation ( BiO) , one has:
Since the average stresses and, to a lesser degree, the value of A are
strain dependent, the strains as given by equations ( A6) and ( A7) must be
obtained by iteration. This is done as follows. A value for A is calculated by
taking y in equation (B5) equal to 1.0. Next, by setting
X
s -psx - e = 0
Y Y
in equation (A7) and
45
in equations ( A 6 ) and ( A 7 ) ,. initial values for the strains may be calculated.
The average stresses corresponding to these strains are obtained from Figures
A2 and A 3 and substituted in equations ( A 6 ) and ( A 7 ) to yield a new set of
strains. This procedure is repeated until the magnitudes of the average stresses
are within i percent of those obtained from the previous iteration. The value
of A must now be recalculated by using y as obtained from equation ( B 5 ) .
X
This will result in a new set of stresses and, hence, a new value for A . Itera-
tions must therefore be continued until a value for A is obtained, which is
within i percent of that obtained previously. Since A is usually not very sensi-
tive to changes in y this part of the iterative procedure converges quickly.
X'
Using the moduli obtained from Figures A 4 through A7, the reduced stiffnesses
of the shell may not be calculated. In addition, the following quantities are
needed for the determinationof the general instability load:
46
APPENDIX B. DETERMINATION OF AVERAGE
HOOP STRESS RESULTANT
When a stiffened cylindrical shell is subjected to uniform axial com-

pression and/or lateral pressure, the resulting radial deformation will be
approximately uniform only when the stiffener spacing is very small. In most
practical applications, this holds true for the longitudinal stiffeners o r stringers,
but not for the rings; and radial'expansion w i l l vary along the length of the
cylinder as shown in Figure B i . If the cylinder is loaded in axial 'compression
only, the restraining effect of the ring will produce hoop compression stresses
in the shell and the rings w i l l be in tension. Internal pressure, on the other
hand, produces tensile stresses in the shell as well as in the rings. Under
combined loading, the hoop stresses in the shell may be either tension o r com-
pression depending on the relative magnitude of the axial load and internal
pressure.
- If the local hoop stress resultant before general instability is denoted
by Nyy , the average hoop stress resultant becomes:
which may also be written in the form
VR
p ' R = pR - -
L '
r
where V is the radial shear force p e r unit length reacted by the ring, L is the
r
ring spacing, and pR is the total hoop stress resultant.
The average hoop stress resultant is required to calculate the quantities

a and Q! used in the general instability analysis and to determine the point
P q
of initial buckling of the shell. It is also needed in the calculation of the reduced
moduli for those cylinders in which general instability is preceded by local
buckling.
The radial shear force Vwill now be determined for the general case of
a ring-and-stringer stiffened cylinder under uniform axial compression and
Lateral pressure. With the assumption of small stringer spacing, the following
47
differential equation is obtained by considering the equilibrium of a small ele-
ment of the shell (Fig. B2) :
and since
-
M = D W,
xxxx
- W
N = Et- - pq' ,
YY R
this mag be written
w
where is the prebuckling radial displacement of the shell, k = E t / R 2 , and
D is the flexural rigidity of the shell-stringer combination given by the
xx
equation
yxE t
D = D +D +c2E
xx x xs s s -
E ( i - p 2 ) + yxEt
S
The effective width factor y is equal to unity if there i s no local buckling of

X
the shell. If the shell buckles before general instability, one has for
With the definitions
48
the solution to the, differentialequation (B3)for the case q < 2 d F may be
xx
written in the form
-w = -
I
-
k
( p+ q') + ( C , sinhpx + C2 coshpx)cosax
+ ( C3 sinhpx + C4 coshpx ) sinax . (B6)
The integration constants may be determined from the boundary conditions at

the rings , viz .,
-
w V -
=-
- and w,
X
= 0
kr
at x = 0 and x = L
r
. of the ring is k = E A / k 2 . Substi-
The spring constant
r r r
tution of the boundary conditions in equation (B6) gives
- COS c ~ L
CoshPL
c1 = - Ca asinhpL + p s i n a l
"(.tq?)
r
c2 = c = -
-
V - - +
k k
r
- p sinhpL
r
+ asinaL
c, = c asinhp~ + psinaL
r r
49
cosh/3Lr - COS~L
c, = cp
asinhpLr + /3 sinaL
The radial shear forceV may now be found from the relation
-
v = -2D
xx
w
”. ,
which gives
p+kq‘
R
where
Although the solution above for the shear force was obtained for the
q < 24% , equation (B7)is validalso when q 2 Z J r , provided
xx
the following values for B are used.
aL
r
+ s i n aL
r
B = - h2 q = 2-
2a 1 - c oas L
r
xx
In the last expression, P has been replaced by
50
The average hoop stress resultant in the shell may befound by substitu-
tion of (B7) into equation ( B i ) , and the average prebuckling hoop strain becomes
When general instability of the stiffened cylinder is preceded by local buckling

of the shell between stringers, a rigorous determination of the radial shear
force V is not possible. A satisfactory approximation may be obtained, however,
by writing the second of equations (B2) in the form
The term AN has been added on the right side of equation (B9) to account for
the nonlinear portion of the strain caused by buckling of the shell. This term
must be consistent with the wave shape assumed in Reference 22. It is there-,
fore a function of the post-buckling.stresses in the shell andis given by the
expression
AN = E t € " ( s - p s x - ey) .
Y
With the above modification, equation ( B 7 ) becomes
CL
p + -q' 1
+ E
v = R -
where B must be calculatedwith a reduced flexural rigidity according to

equations ( B4) and (B5).
51
FIGURE B i . DEFLECTION O F CYLINDER BETWEEN RINGS
FIGURE B2. EQUILIBRIUM O F SMALL ELEMENT
52
APPENDIX C. COMPUTERPROGRAM
'1 A computer program

determine
to the
general
instability o r panel
instability load of several types of stiffened cylinders is presented in this
pl appendix.Theprogram is writtenin FORTRAN IV for use with an IBM 7094
2 .
?
~.
computer.Inputinstructionsand a sampleproblem are givenin Appendix D .
To obtain maximum efficiency for eachof the types of cylinders considered and
to avoid unnecessary computations, the program has been subdivided into a
number of subroutines. A list of these subroutines, together with a brief
description of their function, is given in Table CI. Flow charts of the main
program and its subroutines are presented in Figure Ci. Table CII shows a
comparison between the notation used in the program and that used in the text.
The following types of cylinders are considered in the program:
I. Cylinderswithrings and stringers
2. Cylinderswithstringers only
3. Cylinders with rings only
4. Isotropiccoresandwichcylinders
5. Isotropic core sandwich cylinders with rings
6. Open corrugatedcylinders
7. Open corrugatedcylinders with rings.
In the computer program, loads are calculated for all mode shapes under
investigation assuming that there is no local buckling of the skin and no effect
caused by ring restraint. For the first two types of cylinders, these loads are
compared with the skin local buckling load qo. Reduced stiffness moduli are
calculated for all loads that exceed qo and that gre withina certain percentage
of the minimum load. This percentage has been set equal to 20 percent in the
present program and is read in as p a r t of the semi-permanent data. The reason
f o r not j u s t re-calculating the load corresponding to thecritical wave shape is
that quite frequently another mode shape becomes critical when the reduced
stiffness moduli are used. The effect of ring restraint is accounted for in cylin-
der types I , 3, 5, and 7. The core of the sandwich cylinders is assumed to be
infinitely rigid in shear; therefore, the analysis does not apply for cylinders with
weak cores.
53
Cylinders may be checked for either general o r panel instability (buckling
between rings) , the latter mode of failure being of interest only for cylinder
types I,3, 5, and 7. When panel instability is specified, the ring stiffness
matrix is set equal to zero and the cylinder lengthis made equal to the ring
spacing.
The remainder of Appendix C is organized in the following manner:

Figure C1 followed by Tables CI, CII, and the computer program (Table CIII)
which begins on page 67.
54
r c
, Cilpulate s k i n
properties for
NTYPE = 1, 2. or' 3 I W c u l a k skin
proportier f o r
NmPE = 4 or 5
M o u l a t o skin
proprtios for
NTYPE = 6 or 7
FIGURE C l . COMPUTER PROGRAMFLOWCHART

55
.
CALL STRING I I
I NTYPE = 1 or 2 I
CAU LOBUCK
to determine loads and stnlns
a t onset of local buckling
load on m andn
FIGURE C I. ( Continued)
56
NTYPE = 4. 6 , or 7 NTYPE = 3 or 5 NTXPE = 1 or 2
for critical rod.
57
FIGURE C I. (Continued)
58
i
SUBROUTINE ROOT SUBROUT- STRING
59
I"-""
V d U @ 8 Of
I
.g
1 ? I
(:.
FIGURE C 1. ( Continued)
60
i
I
I I
I I
I
Calculate GAMMAX
C A L L FACTOR
FIGURE C I. (Continued)
61
I I I., I,. I
SUBROUTUE FACTOR
Calculata QQCR
L7_1
i QQCR QQ
?
FIGURE C I . (Continued)
62
I
SUBROUTINE ST-
FIGURE C I.(Concluded)
63
TABLE CI. LIST O F PROGRAM SUBROUTINES
~~
Name Description of Function

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ ~ .-
SKIN Calculates skin stiffness properties (k= I) and the stiffness

matrix [A] for unbuckled ( k = 2) and buckled skin ( k = 3) .
STRING Calculates stringer stiffness properties ( k = I)

and stiffness
matrix [B] ( k = 2) .
RING Calculates ring stiffness properties (k = I)and stiffness

matrix IC] (k = 2) .
PRESS Computes the internal pressure matrix [PI .
AXIAL Computes axial load matrix [Q] .

ADD Computes normalized [Dl 'matrix,
[Dl = ( [ A I + [BI + [CI + IPI)/EAX
DET This subroutine calculates the polynomial coefficients of the

characteristic equation:
IQI q 3 + ( Q D ) q 2+ (DQ) 4 + ID1 = 0
ROOT This subroutine finds the lowest root (eigenvalue) of the

characteristic equation (see DET) and, hence, the buckling
load for a given mode shape.
FACTOR This is essentially the beam on elastic foundation analysis

given in Appendix B. The factor A 'computed is required to
calculate the average hoop stress resultant in the shell.
~ ~~ ~-
64
TAB LE CI. ( Concluded)
Name Description of Function
LOBUCK This subroutine calculates the axial load qoat which the skin
buckles between adjacent stringers and returns it to the main
program. For cases in which the general instability load
exceeds the local buckling load qo, the normalized strains E
X
and E are determined by iteration according to the procedure
Y
outlined in Appendix A. After the correct strains are obtained,
the average stresses and reduced moduli are found by interpo-
lating between known values (see DINT) . Finally the quantitiel
a! and a! required in thecalculation of thematrices [PI and
P q
[Q] are determined.
DINT Determines average stresses and reduced moduli of buckled

skin for given E and E by interpolating linearly between the
X Y
constant strain values given in the tables.
PRESET This subroutine calculates certain wave shape parameters.
RESTNT Re-calculates the values of a! and

to account for ring
a!
q
P
restraint after the critical mode shape has been determined.
Cases in which there is no local buckling of the skin only are
considered. See equation ( 17).
65
TABLE CII. COMPARISON BETWEEN TEXT AND PROGRAM NOTATION
Program Program
A(I, J) EBARR, EBARS
B(I, J) G , GR, GS
BR, BS GBAR
C(I, J) H
CR, CS QIXS, QIZS
M,QMBAR QIYR, QIZR
N,QNBAR QJR,QJS
PP QK, QKR,QKS
P(1, J) QL,QLR,QLS
QQ, QLB R
Q(1,J) ALPHAP,ALPHAC
T BETAX, BETAY
XXA BETAMU, BETAS
-,AS EPSX, EPSY
DX, DY EPSTAR
DXS, DZS GAMMAX
DYR, DZR QMU
E, ER, ES EAX
EBARX, EBARY EBARMU
66
TABLE CIII. COMPUTER PROGRAM
B I BM
FTAC
IN DECK
C THE
GENERAL I N S T A B I L I T Y OF ECCENTRICALLY STIFFENED CYLINDRICAL
MAIN0000
C SHELLS UNDER A X I A L COMPRESSION AND LATERAL PRESSURE MAIN0010
iJIMENSIONQRED(50),MAT(18) MAIN0020
JIMENSION Q Q S A V ~ 4 O O ~ ~ M 5 A V ~ 4 0 0 ~ , N 5 A V ~ 4 O O ~ ~ Q Q S V ~ 5 O ~ ~ MM S
A IVN~0 05 3O0 ~ ~ N S V ~ 5 O ~
DIMEhSION A(J,3),8(3,3)*C(3,3),D(3,3),P(3,3),8(3,3) MAIN0040
CUMMON / B L O C K A / E P X ( ~ ~ ) ~ E P Y ( ~ O ) P V A R ( ~ , ~ ~ , ~ ~ ) , N E P X ~ N E P Y MAIN0050
COMMON /YLOCKB/EAX MAIN0060
CGMMON /BLOCKC/EPSXSV,EPSYSV*T MAIN0070
CUMMGN /BLOCKD/AS~BS,GS*QIXStQIZSvQJS MAIN0080
COMMON / B L O C K E / A R P D R I E R , G R , Q I Y R P Q I Z R P Q J R MAIN0090
COMMON /aLOCKF/BETAMU*RETAS,BETAX,BETAXtBETAYtGT~ES MAIN0100
COMMON /BLOCKG/DY MAIN0110
COMMON /BLOCKH/CS*CS~,EBARS,ET,GMB,QMBPQMBAR~QNBPQNBAR MAIN0120
CGMMON /BLOCKI/EPSXtEPSY MAIN0130
COMMON / S L O C K J / D X * D X S ~ E B A R I ~ ~ G A M M A X ~ O N E Q M 2 ~ P I ~ Q K ~ Q L R ~ Q Q r R 2 MAIN0140
CCiJIMON /BLOCKK/ALPHAP,NFAIL,NTYPE,PP,PP,PPR*QLS*Q~U,R*QLB*ALPHAQ MAIN0150
COMMON / 3 L O C ~ L / C R , Q L , Q ~ B M B , Q r ~ 9 ~ 5 2 * Q N B R * Q R * R Q N S MAIN0160
CdMMON /dLOCK,V/RCR t RRCR MAIN0170
C O M M U N /BLOCKtJ/IDOWRT,A,B,C,D,P,Q MAIN0180
C MAIN0190
c IJTYPE = 1' CYLINDER k I T HR l N G S AND STRINGERS MAIN0200
C IuTYPE = 2 CYLINDER WITH STRINGERS ONLY MAIN0210
c r.rTYPE = 3 CYLINDER NITH RINGS ONLY MAIN0220
c IvTYPE = 4 ISOTROPIC CORE SAN3WICH CYLINDER MAIN0230
C i\rTYPE = 5 ISOTROPIC CORE SAPIDWICH CYLINDER WITH
RINGS MAIN0240
C I.rTYPE = OPEN
6 CORRUGATED CYLINDER MAIN0250
C tvTYPt = 7 OPEN CORRUGATED CYLIhDERWITHRINGS MAIN0260
C IVFAIL = 1 GENERAL I N S T A B I L I T Y MAIN0270
C lJFAIL = 2 P A N EILN S T A B I L I T Y MAIN0280
C **+ IF IOOIHT = 1, INTERMEDIATE DATA IS NOT WRITTEN OUT MAIN0290
C *** I F IOOWRT = 2,
INTERMLDIATE DATA I S WRITTEN OUT MAIN0300
PI=3.14159 MAIN0310
Kl-OT=B MAIN0320
C SEMI-PERYAYENT TABLES MAIN0330
EPSxsV=O. MAIN0340
tPSYhV=O. MAIN0350
KEAD (5,1004) IDOWRT MAIN0360
READ ( 5 , 1 0 0 2 ) PCT M41N0370
PCTH=le+PCT MAIN0380
REA0 ( 5 , 1 0 0 0 ) NEPXpNEPY MAIN0390
WRITE (6,1100) NEPXVNEPY MAIdO400
READ ( 5 , 1 0 1 2( )E P X ( I ) , I = l , r , E P X ) MAIN0410
I I ~ I T (L6 , 1 0 0 2()E P X ( I ) , I = l , N E P X ) MAIN0420
KEAD ( 5 , 1 0 0 2( )E P Y ( J ) , J = l r l i E P Y ) MAIN0430
*KITE ( 6 , 1 0 0 2( )E P Y ( J ) * J = l , N E P Y ) MAIN0440
bci 56 K=l,KTOT MAIN0450
ti0 tid I = l r N E P X MAIN0460
KtAO ( 5 , 1 0 0 2()V A R ( K , I , J ) t J = l , & E P Y ) MAIN0470
5d "UNITE ( 6 , 1 0 0 2()V A R ( K * I * J ) , J = l , ~ E P Y ) MAIN0480
C MAIN0490
67
TABLE CIII. . (Continued)
C CASEDATA MAIN0500
100 READ (5,1001) MATIE,ES,ER,G,GS,GRIQMU~BS*CS*Q~S,AS,QIXS?QIZS; MAIN0510
lWJS,H,BR1CR,OLR,AR,QIYR,BIZR,Q~R~R,QL,T,PP,Ml~MM,Nl, MAIN0520
ENNPNTYPE~NFAIL MAIN0530
EBARil=O MAIN0540
EBAHS=O MAIN0550
DXS=U. MAIN0551
UMIN=lO.E30 MAIN0560
6LBMN=lO.E30 MAIN0570
ALPHAPZO MAIN0580
ALPHAQZO MAIN0590
GAMMkX=l MAIN0600
klTOT=MM-Ml+l MAIN0610
NTOT=NN-Nl+l MAIN0620
JTOT=MTOT*NTOT MAIN0630
PPR=PP*R MAIN0640
~wOPLH=~.*PI*R MAIN0650
ONEUM2=1.-QMU**2 MAIN0660
tT=E*T MAIN0670
GT=G*T MAIN0680
Ri=H**2 MAIN0690
T3=T**3 MAIN0700
IuNSAV = NN MAIN0701
NlSAV = N1 MAIN0702
WLSAV = QL MAIN0703,
KCR=R+CR MAIN0704
HRCH=R/RCR MAIN0705
GO TU ~ 1 0 1 , 1 0 1 ~ 1 0 1 ~ 1 0 2 ~ 1 0 2 ~ 1 0 3 ~ 1 0 3 ~ ~ N T Y P E MAIN0710
101 BETAX=l./ONEQME MAIN0720
BETAY = BETAX MAIN0730
BLTAMU = QYU*BETAX MAIN0740
dETAS = 1. MAIN0750
uX=E*T3/(12.*ONEQM2) MAIN0760
bY=DX MAIN0770
WK=G*T3/3. MAIN0780
GO TO 1 1 0 MAIN0790
1 0 2 UETAX=2./ONE'dME MAIN0800
BETAYZBETAX MAIN0810
BETAivlU=Q,VU*BETAX MAIN0820
bETASZ2. MAIN0830
CI=T3/6.+T*H**2/2. MAINOBCO
bX=E*QI/ONEQMZ MAIN0850
DY =DX MAIN0860
wK=4.*6*BI MAIN0870
bU TO 1 1 0 MAIN0880
1 0 3D L V F A C = A S / ( T * Q L S ) MAIN0890
dETAX=DEVFAC MAIN0900
BETAY=O MAIN0910
tlETAMU=O MAIN0920
tjETAS=l./DEVFAC MAIN0930
bX=E*QIXS/QLS MAIN0940
DY=o. MAIN0950
QK=O MAIN0960
C S K I N PROPERTIES FOR ALL TYPES MAIN0970
68
TABLE CIII. (Continued)
110 CALL SKIN(ltDUMMY1) MAIN0980

C MAIN0990
112 GO T O ~ l l 4 ~ 1 1 6 t 1 1 4 t 1 3 0 ~ l l 4 ~ 1 3 0 t 1 1 4 ~ t N T Y P E MAIN1000
C MAIN1010
C R I N G P R O P E R T I E S F O R T Y P E S 1, 3 r 5 , A N D 7 MAIN1020
114 CALL RING(ltDUMMY2) MAIN1030
115 IF (NTYPE-2) 116t116r130 MAIN1090
C MAIN1050
c S T R I N G E R P R O P E R T Z E S F O R T Y P E S1 A N D 2 MAIN1060
116 CALL STRING(lrDUMMY3) MAIN1070
A L P H A Q = EBARS/(EBARS+ET) MAIN1071
C MAIN1080
C S T R A I N S A N D LOADS AT ONSET OF LOCAL BUCKLING MAIN1090
CALL LOBUCK(lrDUMYY4tDiJMMY5) MAIN1100
C MAIN1110
130 110 132 I = 1t3 MAIN1120
DO 132 J = 1t3 MAIN1130
b(ItJ)=O. MAIN1140
C(I~J)=O. MAIN1150
P(IrJ)=O. MAIN1160
132 u(IrJ)=O. MAIN1170
Nl=N1+1 MAIN1180
Nh=NN+l MAIN1190
J=U MAIN1200
C *** C R I T I C A L M O D E L O O P *** MAIN1210
134 UO 180 N = Nlt IJN MAIN1220
L O 180 M = M l r M Y MAIN1230
NINZN-1 MAIN1290
CALL PRESET(MtN1N) MAIN1250
CALL SKIN(2tA) MAIN1260
IF(NTYPE-2)144,144t146 MAIN1270
144 C A L L S T R I N G ( 2 r B ) MAIN1280
1 4 6 60 T O ( 1 4 8 , 1 5 4 ~ 1 4 8 ~ 1 5 4 , 1 4 8 , 1 5 9 ~ 1 4 8 ) ~ N T Y P E MAIN1290
148 60 T O ( 1 5 O r l S 4 ) r N F A I L MAIN1300
150 CALL RING(2,C) MAIN1310
154 IF(NTYPE-6)156,162t162 MAIN1320
156 CALL PRESSCP) MAIN1330
162 CALL AXIAL(&) MAIN1340
CALL ADD(ArBrCtDvP) MAIN1350
CALL D E T ~ D ~ Q ~ O O D t D Q ~ Q Q Q ~ Q D ~ MAIN1360
CALL HOOT(DDLJPQQQ~~Q~QO) MAIN1370
J=J+l MAIN1380
QWSAV(J)=OO MAIN1390
FISAV ( J )=% MAIN1400
NSAV(J)=NIN MAIN1410
IF(QO-QMIN)178r18Ot180 MAIN1420
1 7 6 WMIN=QQ MAIN1430
MX=M MAIN1440
NXZNIN MAIN1450
180 CONTlNUE MAIN1460
C *** W R I T E I N P U T MAIN1470
W R I T E (6,1112) M A T , E r E S t E R t G t G S ~ G R t Q M U , B S , C S , Q L S , A S , Q I X S t Q I Z S t MAIN1480
1 B d S t H r B R v C R t Q L R ~ARtQIYRrfIZRtQJRtRtQLSAVtTtPPtMltMMtNlSAVt MAIN1490
2NNSAVtNTYPEtNFAIL MAIN1500
69
TABLE CIII. ( Continued)
C *** WRITE OUTPUT (LOOP FOR Q Q ARRAY) MAIN1510

M K I T t (: 6 ~ 1 1 1 0 ) MAIN1520
MAIN1530
MAIN1540
MAIN1550
811 MAIN1560
812 MAIN1570
MAIN1580
810 MAIN1590
MAIN1600
MAIN1610
a13 MAIN1620
814 MAIN1630
MAIN1640
MAIN1650
MAIN1660
MAIN1670
MAIN1680
MAIN1690
MAIN1700
MAIN1710
MAIN1720
MAIN1730
MAIN1740
MAIN1750
VAIN1760
1301 MAIN1770
oil;? MAIN17AO
MAIN1790
a00 MAIN1800
BUS MAIN1810
MAIN1820
c MAIN1830
MAIN1840
202 MAIN1850
75 MAIN1860
c MAIN1870
c MAIN1880
220 MAIN1890
MAIN1900
MAIN1910
MAIN1920
MAIN1930
L MAIN1940
76 MAIN1950
MAIN1960
MAIN1970
C MAIN1980
MAIN1990
MAIN2000
71 MAIN2010
MAIN2020
MAIN2030
MAIN2040
70
MAIN2050
MAIN2060
MAIN2070
MAIN2080
MAIN2090
MAIN2100
MAIN2110
i MAIN2120
MAIN2130
MAIN2140
MAIN2141
80 MAIN2142
MAIN2150
MAIN2160
211 MAIN2170
MAIN21RO
MAIN2190
MAIN2200
MAIN2210
c MAIN2220
C r P S X AND EPSY P R I N T OUT MAIN2230
87 I F ( E P S X S V ) R ~ P ~ ~ ~ O ~ MAIN2240
81 & R I T E (6,1106) EPSXSV MAIN2250
82 1F(EPSYSV)R4,100,84 MAIN2260
84 ~ v K I T E( 6 , 1 1 0 6 ) EPSYSV MAIN2270
60 TO 1 0 0 MAIN2280
C *** FORMAT STATEMENTS *** MAINE290
1 0 0 0 FORMAT(212) MAIN2300
1 0 0 1 FOHMAT(1RA4/HE10.0/8E10.0~aE10.0/2E10.0~612~ MAIN2310
1002 FGHMAT(8F10.4) MAIN2320
10u4 FORMAT(I2) MAIN2330
1 1 0 0 FURMAT(2IS) MAIN2340
1 1 0 1 FORMAT(///4X,42HTHEMIYIMUM A X I A L LOAD 1 4
' THE ABOVE RANGE v MAIN2350
ljHIS v F 9 . 1 ~ 7 HL a S / I N / 6 X t 7 H A T M = ~ I 2 t 9 HAND
N =
, I 2- 1 MAIN2360
1 1 0 2 FORMAT(///QX,42HTHEMINIMUM A X I A L LOAD I N THE ABOVE RAFJGE P MAIN2370
llbHAF-TERCORRECTION/6Xv21HFORRINGRESTRAINT1S~F7.1, YAIN23RO
27H L t j S / I V ) MAIN2390
1 1 0 3 FDHMAT(////4X,42HTHEFOLLOdING CASES HAVE BEEY CHECKED FOR P MAIN2400
114HLI)CAL ~ ~ U C K L I N G / / ~ X , ~ H Y , ~ ~ X , ~ H N P ~ X PLOAD/INCH,
~~HAXIAL MAIN2410
24Xt23HREDUCEiJ A X I A L LOAD/IPJCH/) MAIN2420
llO'+ F O I ~ ~ ~ i A T ( I 4 ~ 1 1 ~ ~ F 1 7 . 1 ~ F 2 3 . 1 ) MAIN2430
1105 F O f ~ M A T ~ 1 4 ~ 1 5 ~ F 1 2 ~ 1 ~ 1 1 5 ~ 1 5 ~ F 1 2 ~ 1 ~ MA IN 2 4 4 0
1 1 0 6 FOHMAT(///QX,7HEPSX =tF8.2,1X,22HIS NOT I N CURVE RANGE., MAIN2450
1211-1 t P S X = -150. I S USED/,20X,28HFOR CALCULATIONS OF YINIMUM v MAIN2460
219HLaCALBUCKLINGLOAD) MAIN2470
1 1 0 7F O H M A T ( / / ) MAIN2480
1 1 0 6 FGRMAT(///4X,7HEPSY =t F 8 . d ~ l X t 2 2 H I S NOT I N CURVE RANGE., MAIN2490
121il LPSY = + l o o . 15 USED/r20X,2BHFORCALCULATIONS O F MINIMUM t MAIN2500
219HLOCALBUCKLINGLOAD) MAIN2510
1110 FORMAT((lH1,///21X,llHOUTPUT DATA)/(21X,llH///////////)/////(3X, MAIN2520
~ ~ H ~ ~ , ~ X , ~ H N , ~ X V L~O~AHD A /INX CI H
A PL~ X , ~ H M , ~ X , ~ H N P ~ X P MAIN2530
2 1 5 H A X I A LL O A D / I N C H / ) ) MAIN2590
FORMAT(///4X,24HTHETOTALAXIALLOAD I S~ E 1 2 . 4 ~ 4 HL B S ) MAIN2550
R SATLA B I L I T Y OF ECCENTRICALLY e
1112 F O K M A T ( ~ H ~ / / / ( ~ ~ X I ~ ~ H G E N EI N MAIN2560
71
121HSTIFFEI4ED CYLINDRICAL)/(14X,31HSHELLS UNDER A X I A L COMPRESSION ,MAIN2570

2EOHAPJD LATERAL PRESSURE)//(18A4)//(35XtlOHINPUT D A T A ) / ( 3 5 X t MAIN2580
MAIN2590
MAIN2600
MAIN2610
MAIN2620
MAIN2630
MAIN2640
MAIN2650
MAIN2660
MAIN2670
YAIN2680
MAIN2690
MAIN2700
MAIN2710
ADD 0000
ADD 0010
ADD 0020
ADD 0030
ADD 0040
ADD 0050
ADD 0060
ADD 0070
A X L 0000
A X L 0010
A X L 0020
AXL 0030
AXL 0040
AXL 0050
AXL 0060
AXL 0070
AXL 0080
AXL 0090
AXL 0100
AXL 0110
AXL 0120
AXL 0130
AXL 0140
AXL 0150
AXL 0160
AXL 0170
AXL 0180
AXL 0190
DET 0000
DET 0010
DET 0020
DET 0030
OET 0040
DET 0050
DET 0060
DET 0 0 7 0
72
DET nono
DET 0090
DET 0100
DET 0110
DET 0120
DET 0130
DET 0140
DET 1-1150
B€T 0160
DET 0170
DET 0180
DET 0190
DET 0200
DET 0210
DET 0220
DET 0230
DET 0240
DET 0250
DET 0260
DET 0270
DET 0280
DET 0290
DET 0300
DET 0310
DET 0320
DET 0330
DET 0340
DET 0350
DM0000
uIMENSION V H ( 2 0 ) DINT0010
COMMON / B L O C K A / E P X ( ~ ~ ) , E P Y ( ~ O ) P V A R ( ~ ~ ~ O ~ ~ O ) ~ N E ' P X ~ N E P Y DINT0020
COMMON /BLOCKI/EPSX,EPSY DINT0030
VAKOUT=O DIWOlrO
NYMlZNEPY-1 DINT0050
IF(EPY(l)-EP~Y)11,11,6 DINT0060
11 IF(EPX(l)-EPSX)6~12,12 DINT0070
12 LO 3 J = l v N Y M l DINT0080
iF(EPY(J)-EPSY)4,5,3 DINTOD90
4 IF(EPSY-EPY(J+1))5,5,3 DINT0100
3 COF!TINUE DINT0110
GO TO 6 DINT0120
5 JL=J DINT0130
dT=J+1 DINT0140
L O 7 I=lvNEPX DINT0150
IF(EPX(I)-EPSX)8,8~7 DINT0160
7 CONTINUE ' DINT0170
GO TO 6 DINT0180
8 lT=I DINT0190
IL=I-l DINToZOO
IIO 9 J = J L , J T DINT0210
DEtYl=EPX(IT)-EPX(IL) DINT0220
lF(DEN1)9,2,9 DINT0230
9 VR(J)=VAR(NTbL,IT,J)-(VAH(I~TBL,IT,J)-VAR(NTBL~IL,J))*(EPX(IT) DINT0240
73
l-EPSX)/DENl DINT0250
uEN2=EPY ( J T 1 -EPY (JL 1 DINT0260
DINT0270
DINTOPRO
DINT0290
DINT0300
DINT0310
DINT0320
DINT0330
FCTROOOO
FCTROOlO
FCTR0020
FCTR0030
FCTROObO
FCTR0050
FCTR0060
FCTR0070
B FCTR0080
FCTR0090
7 FCTROlOO
9 FCTROllO
FCTR0120
FCTR0130
h FCTR0150
FCTHOlSl
FCTROl6O
1 FCTR0170
FCTROlRO
FCTR0190
FCTR0200
FCTR0210
FCTR0220
FCTR023n
FCTRO2bO
FCTR0250
FCTR0260
FCTR0270
FCTRO28O
FCTR0290
FCTR0300
FCTR0310
FCTR0320
FCTR0330
FCTRO3bO
FCTR0350
FCTRO36O
FCTR0370
FCTRO3RO
FCTR0390
FCTRO4OO
FCTROblO
FCTR0420
FCTR0430
74
5 XG = EBARR/(ET+BB*QLR*EBARR) .FCTROQ40
IWR=l FCTR0441
-ksUHN FCTR0450
E 9 FCTR0460
~ I B F T C Locauc DECK
SU$ROUTINE- LOBUCK(K,MX,NX). LOBKOOOO
DIMENSION A ( 3 , 3 ) , 6 ( 3 , 3 ) , C ( 3 , 3 ) , D ( 3 , 3 ) , P ( 3 , 3 ) , Q ( 3 , 3 ) LORKOOlO
COMMON / B L O C K A / E P X ( ~ O ) , E P Y ( ~ O ) P V A R ( ~ , ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ , N E P X ~ N E P Y LQBK0020
COMMON /BLOCKB/EAX . - tOBK0030
LOBK0040
COMMON /BLOCKC/EPSXSV,EPSYSVtT
COMMON /BLOCKD/AS,BS,GS*QIXS,QIZS,OJS LOBK0050
CQMMON /BLOCKE/AR~BR,ERtGR,QIYR~QIZR,QJR LORK0060
Lf)MMOI\l /SLOCKF/BETAMUPBETAS,BETAX,BETAY,GTIES LOBK0070
COMMON /BLOCKG/DY LOBK0080
C-OMMON /BLOCKH/CS,CS~,EBARS,ET,QMB,BMBPQMBARPQNBPQNBAR LOBK0090
mMMON
-GOMMON /BLOCKJ/DX*DXS,EBARH,CAMMAX,ONEQM2tPI,QK,Q~R*QQ*R2 LOBKOllO
COMMON /BLOCKK/ALPHAP,NFAIL,NTYPE,PP~PP,PPR*~LS*QMU,R*QLB*ALPHAQ LOBK0120
COMMON /BLOCKL/CR,QL,QNBMB,Q~a~B2,Q~BR,OR,RQNR LORKOlSO
COMMON /BLOCKM/RCRvRRCR LOBK0140
COMMON /BLOCKN/IDOWRT,A,B,C,D,P,Q, LOBK0150
1GO=l LORKO 160
GO- TO ( 1 * - 2 ) ,K LORK0170
1 tPSTkR=(PI*T/QLS)**2/(3.*Oi~EQM2) LOBKOl8O
iaw=l . LOBKOl81
XA=ALPHAP LOBKOl9O
LTEP=ET*EPSTAR LOBK0200
ESEP=EBARS*EPSTAR LORK0210
C LOOK0220
C LUOP FOR L O C A L BUCKLING LOADACCOUNTING FOR RING RESTRAINT TYPE l L O B K 0 2 3 0
36G=ET€P*(~.*O~iU*XA-l.)/(4.*(l.-XA)*R) LOBK0240
lF(PP-GG)4,5#5 LORK0250
4 <dRITE ( 6 , 1 1 0 0 ) LOBK0260
RETURN LORK0270
5 UD=-OMU*XA + SSRT((QMU*XA-I.)**E + 4.*(l.-XA)+PPR/ETEP)
LORK02RO
~LU=.5*(DD+l.)*(l.-XA*QMU**2+ET/EBARS)*ES€P + QMU*EBARS*(l.-XA)*
LOBK0290
lPPH/ET LOBK0300
LORK0310 b U TO (40,41),IDOWRT
LB 41 hqRITE ( 6 9 1 2 0 0 )
LORK0330 40 G O Tv ( 6 9 7 ) p i J T Y P E
6 Ul(j=OLH LORK0340
LORK0350 C A L L FACTOR(XXA,BQCR,IBBR)
lF(AaS(XXA/XU-1.)-.01)7,7,8 LOBK0360
8 Xk=AXA LORK0370
GL, TO 3 LORK03RO
C LOOP FOR L O C A L BUCK.LING I F QLB LOAD ) A X I A L LOAD QQ C K > 2 3 LOOK0390
2 1UOGO=1 LOBKOQOO
GO TO ( 3 8 ~ 3 7 1 p N T Y P E LOBK0410
37 XXA =
1.E-20 LORK0420
GO TO 39 LORKO421
38 C A L L FAClOR(XXA,QQCR,IDBR) LORK0422
39 ~ X = - U Q / ( E T E P + E S E P ) LORK0423
SY=PPR*(l.-XXA)/ETEP+QMU*SX*XXA LOBK0430
c 1 *** CHECK P O I N T 1 *** LOBK0440
75
COU = I. LOBK0441
GO TO (42,43),IDOWRT LOBK0450
43 * R I (T6E, 1 2 0V1X) t N X v S X t S Y LOBK0460
42 DELNZO. LOBK0470
L LOBK0480
C LOOP FOR SX ANDSY LOBKO490
9 XAZXXA LOBK0500
tPSXSV=O. LOBK0510
EPSYSV=O. LOBK0520
LPSX=-(Q3+SX*ETEP)/ESEP
EPSY=(P?2/ETEP-QhU*SXli(l.-XA)
IF(EPSX+150~)10~11~11
- XA*DELN/ETEP
LOBK0530
LORK0540
LOBK0550
10 LPSXSV=EPSX LOBK0560
tPSX=-150. LOBK0570
11 iF(EPsY-100.)12t13~14 LOBKO580
12 iF(EPSY+2.)15,13,13 LORK0590
14 tPSYSV=EPSY LOBK0600
fiPSY=100. LORKO6lO
WO TO 13 LOBK0620
15 iPSY=-2. LOBK0630
1.3 CALL D I N T ( 1 P S P X ) LOBK0640
CALL DINT(2rSPY) LOBK0650
c ***
CHECK P O I N T 2 *** LOBK0660
60 TO (44,45),IDOWRT LOBK0670
45 dRITE(6,1202)
MX,NX,SPXtSPY,EPSXtEPSY LOBK0680
44 lF(A~S(SPY/SY-l~)-.01~16~1o~l7 LOBK0690
16 lF(AdS(SPX/SX-l.)-.01)18~1~~17 LOBK0700
17 sx=spx LORK0710
sY=sPY LOBK0720
L i t L N = (SY-QMU*SX-EPSY j *ETEP LOBK0730
GC, TU 9 LOBK0740
18 IF(SY+.25)23~23~2Q LOBK0750
23 W H I( T 6E,1100) LOBK0760
24 6AMMAX=SX*ONEQM2/(EPSX+QMU*EPSY) LOBK0770
COU = cou + 1. LOBK0771
C *** CHECK POINT 3 *** LOBK0780
b U TO ( 6 2 t 4 7 ) v I D O W R T LOBK0790
4n 7K I (T6t , 1 2 0 3 ) MXvNXeGAMMAX LORK0800
62 b O TO (46,54)~NTYf’E LORK0801
46 CALL FACTOR(XXAPOQCR,IBBR) LOBK0810
1F ( COU -10.) 5 4 ~ 5 5 ~ 5 5 LORKO811
I5F5 (XXA-1.E-4) 54e25~54 LORKOR12
5 4 lF(A~S(XA/XXA-l.)-.01)25,25P25,9 LOBK0820
C LOBKO830
25 WWL=OQ LORKO840
CALL D I N T ( 3 t B E T A X ) LOBK0850
C A L L DINT(4,BETAMU) LORK0860
C A L L DINT(5,BETAY) LOBK0870
L A L LD I N T ( ~ P B E T A S ) LORKOBBO
C *** CHECK P O l N T 4 **+ LORK0890
GO TO ( 4 8 t 4 9 ) r I D O W R T LORK0900
49 n R l T E ( 6 , 1 2 0 4 ) MXPWXPBETAX,BETAY~BETAMU,BETAS LORK0910
48 lF(PPH)32~31~32 LOBK0920
32 ALPHAP=l.-SY*ETEP/PPR LOBK0930
76
31 ALPHAQ=l.+SX*ETEP/QQ LOBK09bO
C A L L PRESET(MXtNX1 LOBK0950
C A L L SKIN(3,A) . LOBK0960
GO TO ( 2 6 ~ 2 7 ) t I C O LOBK0970
26 IG0=2 LOBK0980
C A L L STRING(2,B) L001(0990
IF(NTYPE-2)28,27,27 LOBKlOOO
28 GO TO ( 2 9 , 2 7 ) t N F A I L LOBKlOlO
29 C A L L RING(2,C) LOBK1020
27 C A L L PRESS(P) LOBK1030
CALL A X I A L ( Q 1 LOBK1040
C A L L ADD(A,B,C,D,P) LORK1050
C A L L DET(D,Q,DDD,DQ,QQQ,QD) LOBK1060
C A L L ROOT(DDUtQQQvDQ,QD) LORK1070
C +** CHECK P O I N T 5 *** LOBK1080
GO TO ( 5 0 t 5 1 ) t I D O W R T LOBK1090
51 wRlTE (6,1205) MX,NX,ALPHAP,ALPHAQ,QQ LOBKllO0
50 1F(Qu-QLR)33,33~34 LOBK1110
34 I F ( A B S ( 3 Q L / Q O - 1 . ) - . 0 16)0 , 6 0 1 2 LOBK112O
60 GO T O ( 7 , 6 1 1 ~I B B R LORKllPl
61 H R I T E( 6 , 1 2 0 7 ) QQpQQCR LOBK1122
6 G TO 7 LORK1123
33 G O TO ( 3 5 ~ 3 6 ) , 1 D O G O LOBK1130
35 1Di)GO=2 LOBK1140
Q(r=QLB LORK115O
5X=-(DD+1.)/2. LOBKllbO
SY=(UD**2-1.)/4. LOBK1170
LPSX=SX-QMU*SY LOBK1180
EPSY=SY-QMU*SX LOBK1190
C *** CHECK POINT 6 *** LOBK1200
60 TO (25,53),IDOWRT LORK1210
53 #RITE (6,1206) MX#NX,SX,SY,EPSX,EPSY LOBK1220
G O TO 2 5 LOBK1230
36 UW=QLB LOBK1240
7 IIETURN LOBK1250
1 1 0 0 FORMAT ( / / LOBK1260
1 12XS6HSHELLBUCKLES BETWELN STRINGERS DUE TO EXTERNAL PRESSURE) LOBK1270
1 2 0 0F O K M A T ( / / / 2 0 X , 6 H Q L B = rF10.3//) LOBKl2BO
=
1 2 0 1F t R M A T ( 2 X t 1 3 H C H E C KP O I N T1 ~ 4 X t 4 H M =
,12~4X,4HN ~ 1 2 , LOBK1290
14Xt5IiSX = ,F9.2,4X,5HSY = (F9.2) LORK1300
1 2 0 2F O R M A T ( ~ X P ~ ~ I ~ C H E C KP O I N T2,4X,$HM = ,12,4Xt'+HN ,I2, LOBK1310
1'+X,6HSPX = ,F9.2,4X,6HSPY = =
rF9.2,4X,7HEPSX ,F9.3t4X, LOBK1320
27HEPSY = tF9.3) LOBK1330
=
1 2 0 3F O H M A T ( 2 X v 1 3 H C H E C KP O I N T3 ~ 4 X e 4 H V =
vI2~4Xv4HN eI2, LOBK1340
14Xt91tGAMclAX = tF9.5) LOBK1350
1204FbKMAT(2X,13HCHECKPOINT484Xt4HM = =
rI2~4Xt4HN ~12, LOBK1360
= =
1 ~ X ~ B I i D E T A X ~ F ~ . ~ v ~ X ~ B H B E T,F9.5,4Xt9HBETAMU
AY = ~F9.5, LOBK1370
=
Z~XPBHBETAS ~ F 9 . 5 ) LOBK13RO
1 2 0 5 FOHMAT(2X,13HCHECK.POINT =
5~4Xp4HM =
rI2~4Xt4HN , 1 2 9 LOBK 1 3 9 0
l'bXP9HALPiiAP = =
~ F ~ ~ ~ V ~ X P ~ H A Lr FP9 H .6A =
~ 4QX t 5 H Q Q ~F9.2) LORK1400
1 2 0 6 FURMAT(2X,13HCHECKPOINT6r4Xe4HM = vI2~4Xv4HN tI2, LOBK1410
14XtStiSX = vF9.2r4X~5HSY = =
,F9.2,4X,7HEPSX ,F9.3,4X, LOBK1420
27HEP5Y
- ". -= rF. 9.3)
" " LOBK1430
-1207-FORMAT(//2X,63HCYLINDERBUCKLES BETWEEN RINGS AS A REAM ON E L A S T I C L O B K l 4 3 1
77
TABLE CIII. Cnntinued)
1 FOUNDATION.*/2Xt35HTHESTABILITYLOADBEING CHECKED 1 S ~ E 1 2 . 5 ~ 7 HL L O R K 1 4 3 2
2 b S / I N t 4 3 H AND THE BEAM ON E L A S T I CF O U N D A T I O N . L O A DI S r E 1 2 . 5 ~ 8 HL B W L O B K 1 4 3 3
3IN. 1 LOBK1434
END LOBKl440
B I B F T C PRST DECK
SUBROUTINE PSETOOOO
COMMON /BLOCKH/CS*CS~*EBARS,ET,BYB,BMBAR,BNB,QNBPQNBAR PSETOOlO
COMMON / B L O C K J / D X * D X S * E B A R R , G A M M A X I O N E O Y 2 , P I I Q K * Q L R * Q Q * R 2 PSET0020
COMMON /BLOCKK/ALPHAP*NFAIL,NTYPE,PP,PPR,BLS,QMU,R,QLB*ALPHAQ PSET0030
COMMON /BLOCKL/CRvQL,QNBMB,QNBMB2*QNBR,QR,RBNR PSET0040
PM=M PSET0050
GN=N PSETOObO
P SGGE T 0TO
0 7 0( 1 , 2 , 1 , 2 , 1 , 2 , 1 ) * N T Y P E
P S E T1 0 0 6 0 GO TO ( 2 * 3 ) v i 4 F A I L
3 uL=QLR PSET0090
2 iKBAR=QM*PI/QL PSETOlOO
UNBAR = QN/R PSETOllO
UMB=OMBAR**2 PSET0120
ihU=ONBAR**2 PSETO 1 3 0
U!djMB=ONBAR*QMBAR PSET0140
UhBMBE=QNBWB**2 PSET0150
QNBR=QNBAR/R PSET0160
RQNU=R*QNB PSET0170
OR=CK*RQNB+l. PSETOl8O
RETURN PSETOl9O
EhU PSET0200
r,IYFTC
PRSS DECK
SlrBKOUTINE PHESS(P)PRSSOOOO
LiIMEiJSION P ( 3 v 3 ) PRSSOOlO
COiilMON /BLOCKH/CStCS2vEBARS,ET,QMB*QMBARtQNB*QNBAR PRSS0020
Ci)YlyON /SLOCKK/ALPHAP*NFAIL,NTYPE,PP,PPR,QLS,QMU,R,QLB*ALPHAQ PRSS0030
COMMON / B L O C K L / C R ~ Q L ~ Q N B M B ~ Q N ~ M B ~ ~ Q N B R P Q R ~ R Q N ~ ~ PRSS0040
PRSS0050 COCIMON /BLOCKM/RCRPRRCR
IF(PP)1*2*1 PRSSOObD
1 QHCH=-CR*RONB+l./RRCR PRSS0070
P(lr1) = -(l.-ALPHAP*CR/RCH)*RQhB*PP PRSS0080
P(3v1) = -(1.-ALPHAP*CR*RRCR*HQND)*QMBAR*PP PRSS0090
P(2,2) = -(l.+ALPHAP+CR/R)*RQNB*PP PRSSOlOO
P(3t2) = -(l.+ALPHAP*CR*RQNB)*QNBAR*PP PRSSOllO
=
P ( 1 ~ 3 ) P(3*1) PRSS0120
PRSS0130 P(2t3) = P(3*2)
P(3,3) = -(RQNB+ALPHAP*(-l./R+BR**2/RCR+CR*RRCR*RRCR*QRCR*Q~B))*PP PRSS0140
2 rZLTURN PRSS0150
ENU PRSS0160
s I b F T C REST DECK
X) SUBROUTINE
DIMENSION A(3,3),B(3,3),C,(3,3),D(3,3),P(3,3),Q(3,3) REST0010
COMMON / ~ L O C K H / C S P C S ~ ~ E B A R S ~ E T ~ Q ? ~ B V Q M B A R , Q N D I B N B A R REST0020
COMMON / R L O C K J / D X , D X S r E B A R R , G A M M A X I O N E B M 2 , P I * Q K * Q L R * Q Q * R 2 REST0030
CDbIMON / ~ L O C K K / A L P H A P I N F A I L , N T Y P E , P P ~ P P R I B L S , B M U * R * Q L ~ * A L P H A Q REST0040
COI~MGN / B L O C K N / I D O W R T * A * B * C * ~ * P * Q REST0091
1GG=l REST0050
GAMMAXz1 REST0060
1 UQL=QQ REST0070
78
CALLFACTOR(XAtQQCRv1BBR) REST0030
UNEA=l.-XA*QMU**2 REST0090
LENO=ET+EBARS*ONEA REST0100
IF(PPR)9,10,9 REST0110
ALPHAP=XA*(ET+EBARS*ONEQM2 + QMU*QQ*ET/PpR)/DENO REST0120
ALPHAQ=EBARS*(ONEA + QMU*PPR*(l.-XA)/QQ)/DENO REST0130
CALLPRESET(MX,NX) REST0140
GO TO ( 2 , 8 ) , I G O REST0150
IGO=2 REST0160
C A L LS K I N ( 2 , A ) REST0170
lF(NTYPE-2)3#3,4 REST0180
LALL S T R I N G ( 2 v B ) REST0190
60 TU ( 5 t 6 ) v N F A I L REST0200
CALLRING(2,C) REST0210
C A L LP R E S S ( P ) REST0220
C A L LA X I A L ( Q ) REST0230
CALLADD(A*B,C,D,P) REST0240
C A L L DET(D,Q,DDD,DQ,QQQ*QD) REST0250
L A L L ROOT(DDDvQQQvDQ,QD) REST0260
I F (ABS(QOL/3Q-1.)-.01) 11,11~1 REST0270
ti0 TO (8,121, IBBR REST0271
CURITE (6,1200) QQI~QCR REST0272
RETURN
- ". REST0280
1200 FORMAT(//2h63HCYLINDER BUCKLES BETWEEN R I Y G S AS A BEAM ON ELASTICREST0290
1 F O U I ~ D A T I O N . P / ~ X P ~ S H T H ES T A B I L I T Y LOAD B E I N G CHECKED 1 S ~ E 1 2 . 5 ~ 7 HC R E S T 0 3 0 0
2bS/IN,43H AN0 THE BEAM ON ELASTICFOUNDATIONLOADIS,E12.518HLBS/REST0310
3114.1 REST0320
END REST0330
BIDFTC
RINGER DECK
SUOROUTIYERING(K,C) RING0000
UIMENSION C ( 3 ~ 3 ) RING0010
COMMON / B L O C K E / A R ~ B R P E R P G R , Q I Y R P Q I Z R I O J R RING0020
COMMON / B L O C K H / C S , C S 2 , E B A R S , E T , Q M B , Q M B A R , B N B ~ Q ~ I B A R RING0030
COMMON / 3 L O C K J / D X , D X S , E B A R R , G A " A X , O N E Q ~ 2 * P I ~ Q U ~ Q L R ~ Q Q ~ R 2 RING0040
COMMON /BLOCUK/ALPHAP*NFAIL,NTYPErPPrPPR,QLS,QMUtR,QLBtALPtiAO RING0050
CUMMON /BLOCKL/CR*QL,QYB~B,QNBMB2,QNBR*QR,RQNB RING0060
COMMON /BLOCKM/RCR,RRCR RING0070
bG TO ( 1 ~ 2 ) t K RINGOORO
1 EKQLH=ER/QLR RING0090
tbAKR=ER3LR*AR- RING0100
JYR=LRQLR*QIYR RING0110
bLK=ERQLR*QIZR RING0120
WKR = GR*QJR/QLR RING0130
KBR n + BR RING0140
HCH R + CR RING0150
NHBR = R/RBR RING0160
rtRCR = R/RCR RING0170
ALPHAP=EBARR/(EBARR+ET) RINGOlRO
HETUKN RING0190
2 QRbR=-BR*RQNB+l./RRBR RING0200
QRCR=-CR*RQNB+l./RRCR RING0210
kRBR3=RRBR**3 RING0220
C(l,l)=-(DZR*QNB**2+QKR*QNBR**2)*RRBR3 RING0230
C(3,l) = -(DZR*QRBR + QKR)*QMBAR*(QNBAR*RRBR)**2/RRR RING0240
79
C(2,2)=-(EBARH*RCR+DYR/RCR)*QNB/R RING0250
C(3,2)=-QNBR*(EBARR*QR +DYR*RRCR*QNB) RING0260
C(1,3)=C(3,1) RING0270
C(2,3)=C(3,2) RING02RO
C(3rj)=-(EBAHR*QR**2/R2+DYK*QlJB**Z)*RRCR-QYB*RRBR3* RING0290
1(GZR*QRBR**2/R2+QKR+BNB) RING0300
RETURN RING0310
tND RING0320
sIUFTC ROOTEROECK
SUBROUTINEROOT(DDDtQQQtDQ,QD) ROOT0000
CUMWON /BLOCKD/EAX ROOT0010
COMMON /BLOCKJ/DX,DXS,EBARf~,GAMMAX,ONEQM2,PI,BK,QLR,QQ,R2 ROOT0020
LIl=-UDD/DO ROOT0030
1 il=WUQ*Q1**3+QD*Ql**2+3BIQ1+D00 ROOT0040
3tDb = 3.*00d+Q1**2 + 2.*Q;)*Ql + DQ ROOT0050
iF(A3S(DEDQ)-(l.E-20))2,2,3 ROOT0051
5 5UEDw=DEDQ/AUS(DEDQ) ROOT0060
OEOQ=lmE-20*SDEDQ ROOT0061
lF(E1 -l.E+17)3,3*8 ROOT0070
a ~2=1.10*~1 ROOT0071
GO Td 9 ROOT0080
3 UZ=Wl-El/DEDQ ROOT0081
9 lF(A~S(Q2/81-1.)-.01)4,4,5 ROOT0090
5 ~-.l=Q2 ROOT0100
4
Go TJ 1
dAD =
-3**(QWQ*Q2)**2
lF(RAD)6,7,7
- 2e*QQQ*QD*Q2 + QD**2 4.*QQQ*DQ
ROOT0110
ROOT0120
ROOT0130
7 wJ=-(OD+OQQ*Q2+SGRT(RAD))/(2.*QQQ) ROOT0140
w4=-(UD+QBQ*02-SBRT(RA~))/(2.*QQQ) ROOT0150
WZ=AI~IIN~(Q~,U~,Q~) ROOT0160
wGQ2*EAX ROOT0170
6 ktTUHN ROOT0180
EhuD ROOT0190
s I d F TSCK I N E R OECK
bUBROUTINESKIiJ(KvA) SKIN0000
UIMEIJSION A ( 3 ~ 3 1 SKIN0010
C O M M 3 N /BLOCKS/EAX SKIN0020
CdMMON /~LOC~F/BETAMUIRETAS,BETAX,BETAX,BETAY*GT*ES SKIN0030
COMMON /BLOCKG/DY SKIN0040
CUMMON / ~ L O C ~ H / C S * C S 2 * E B A R ~ , E T , Q M B , Q M B A R 1 Q N B , B N B A R IKIN0050
LOMMUPJ / B L O C K J / D . X , D X S , E B A R R , G A " A X , O N E Q ~ 2 * P I , Q K * Q L R , Q Q * R 2 SKIN0060
C;OMMi)N /BLOCKK/ALPHAP,YFAIL,~JTYPE,PP,PP,PPR*QLS,Q~U,R,QL~,ALPHAQ SKINfl070
COMMON /BLOCKL/CH,QL,QNBMB,QNBM82,BNBR,QR,RQNB SKIN0080
GO TO ( l v 2 e l ) v K SKIN0090 ,
1 iOARX=ET*dETAX SKIN0100
ibARY=ET*aETAY SKIN0110
tbARMU=ET*RETAMU SKIN0120
&AR=GT*BETAS SKIN0130
G O TO (3,2,2),K SKIN0140
2 H(L,l)=-EBARX*QMB-GBAR*QNB SKIN0150
A(Z,l)=QNBYB*(EOARMU+CDAR) SKIN0160
A(3rl) =
EBARMU*QMBAR/R SKIN0170
A(le2) =A ( 2 ~ l ) SKIN0180
A(2*2)=-(EBARY+OY/R2)*QNB-(GBAR+QK/R2)*Q~B SKIN0190
80
U(3,2)=-(EBARY+(QK+QMU*DY)+QMBtDY*QNB)*QN~R SKIN0200
=
A ( 1 ~ 3 ) A(3~1) SKIN0210
A(2~3) = A(3~2) SKIN0220
A(3,J)=-(EBARY/R2+DY*(QNB**2+2.*QMU*QNBMB2)+QK*QNBMB2tDX*QMB**2) SKIN0230
EAX=EBARX+EBARS SKINOLQO
3 i3ETURN SKIN0250
END SKIN0260
.aIBFTC STHNG
DECK
SUBROUTINESTRING(KrB1 STRNOOOO
UIMEIJSION S(3t3) STRNOOlO
SObIM3N / B L O C ~ D / A S * B S r G S , Q I X S , Q I Z S , B J S STRN0020
COMMON / B L O C K F / B E T A M U v B E T A S r B E T A X ~ B € T A Y r G T ~ E S STRN0030
COMMON / ~ L O C K ~ ~ / C S * C S ~ ~ E B A R S ~ E T P G M B , B M B A R , B N B , Q N ~ ~ Q N B A R STRNOOltO
COMMON / H L O C K J / D X * D X S , E B A R K * G A ~ M A X , O N E Q ~ 2 * P I , Q K * Q L R , Q Q * R 2 STRNO050
COMMON /BLOCKK/ALPtiAP,NFAIL,NTYPE,PP,PPR,QLS,QMU,R,QLBrALPHAQ STRNOOhO
COMMON / S L O C K L / C H * Q L r Q N B M B , Q N B M B 2 * Q N B R , R P N n STRN0070
S O TO ( 1 * 2 ) , K STRNOO8O
1 cSQLS=ES/QLS STRN0090
cs2=cs*cs STRNOlOO
EbAHS=ESQLS*AS STRNOllO
uXS=LSQLS*BIXS STRN0120
JZS=ESQLS*QIZS STRN0130
idkS =
GS*QJS/oLS STRNOlltO
HETURN STRN0150
2 dKSQMB=QKS*QMB STRNOl6O
RBCJ =
R + BS STRN0161
DLSMd4=DZS*QMB**2 STRNOl7O
U(lvl)=-EBARS*QMB STRYOl8O
d(3*1)=-8(1,l)*CS*QMBA9 STRN0190
~(2,2)=-(QKSQ~D+DZSMB4*RBS**2)/R2 STRN0200
d(3,2)=-(QKS~~B+DZS~B4*RBS)*ONBR STRN0210
d(113) B(3~1) STRN0220
6(2,3)=B(3,2) STRN0230
~(3,~)=-((EBARS*CS?_+OXS)*Q:v18**2+(QKS+DZS*CS2*QnO)*QNB~02) STRN024d)
HETURN STRN0250
EhO STRN0260
%DATA
ul
.25
2929
.oil01 -1. -2. -3. -4. -5. -6 -7.
-8 -9. -10. -12. -14 -16 -18. -20.
-25. -30 -35. -4u. -45. -50 -60. -70.
-80 -100.-90. -125 -150.
-2. -1. ,0001 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 12. 11(. 16.
18.2 5 20. 30. 35. 40. 45. 50
bo 70 80. 90. $00.
-0.7095
-0.3723
-0.3398
-0.3961 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
-0.8669
-0.8714
-0.9483 -1.1596 -1.2797 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
81
TABLE C m . (Continued)
,
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-1.3152 -1 3559 -1.4513 -1 5862 -1 6986 -1 .BO45 -1 8650 0.0
0.u 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.iJ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-1.7410 -1 7934 -1 .a814 -1.9893 -2 0924 -2 1798 -2 2429 -2.2922
-2.3317 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.u
0.0 .
0.0
0 0
-2. ~ 5 0 5 -2.2054
0.0
0.0
-2 2821
0.0
0.0
-2.3689
0.0
0.0
-2.4611
0.0
-2 5397
0.0
-2.6043 -2
0.0
6555
-2.694 1 -2.7165 -2.7190 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.a 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-2.5479 -2.5759 -2.63R1 -2.7197 -2.8047 -2.8842 -2 9492 -3.0025
-3. ti426 -3.0708 -3.0872 -3 0957 -3 1127 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.u 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
- 2 . d776 - 2 9067 -2 9703 -3 0479 -3.1318 -3.2090 -3.2776 -3.3332
'-3 3772 -3.4101 -3.4366 -3.4491 -3.4615 -3.4343 0.0 0.0
0.U 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.G 0.0 0.0 O.@ 0.0
- 3 . I601 -3.2169 -3 2824 -3 360 1 -3 4392 -3.5171 -3 5864 -3.6465
-3. b979 -3.7344 -3.7672 -3.7863 -3 7986 -3.7949 -3.7882 -3.7203
0.u 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-3.4691 -3.51*7 -3 5796 -3.6536 -3 730 1 -3.8080 -3.0793 -3.9434
-3 9976 -4.0431 -4 0790 -4.1073 -4.1240 -4.1380 -4.1300 -4 0890
-4 0428 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-3.7514 -3 7986 -3 8659 -3.9362 -4.0150 -4 0887 -4 1597 -4.2270
-4 2650 -4 3354 -4.3780 -4.4086 -4.4377 -4 4636 -4 4'624 -4.4413
-4.4015 -4 3 4 9 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.d 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-4.0221 -4 0743 -4 1355 -4 2097 -4 2832 -4. 3558 -4 4269 -4 4960
-4.5595 -4.6134 -4 6584 -4.6989 -4 e 7326 -4.7717 -4.7859 -4. 7772
-4.7459 -4 7023 -4 490 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
.
0.0
-4 LA69
. .
-5 0742
0.0
-4.5943
."%1316
0.0
-4.6543
-5.1852
0.0
-4.7243
-5.2349
0.0
-4.7954
-5.2790
-4 8672
-5.3426
-4.9375
-5.3836
-5.0084
-5.3998
-5.39 1 9 -5 3682 -5.2231 -5 0486 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-5. u2a2 -5.08b1 -5.1473 -5.2113 -5.2797 -5.3533 -5.4205 -5.4909
-5.5551 -5.6167 -5.6743 -5.7312 -5 7 8 1 1 -5 8577 -5 9237 -5.9619
-5.9808 -5.9801 -5.8992 -5.7456 -5.5110 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-5.4920 -5 5516 -5.6088 -5.6743 -5.7433 -5.8121 -5 e 8774 -5.9448
-b.Ul49 -6.0754 -6.1360 -6 1957 -6.2475 -6.3404 -6.4143 -6.4760
-0.5183 -6.5380 -6.5184 -6.4012 -6.2139 -5 9683 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-5.9417 -5.9952 -6 0536 -6.1212 -6.1874 -6 2479 -6.3175 -6.3BQQ
-b 4488 -6 5136 -6.5718 -6.6369 -6.6916 -6.7938 "6.8811 -6.9521
-7.0095 -7.0531 -7.0807 -7.0154 -6.8735 -6 6639 -6.3820 -6.1177
0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
82
.
-6 4245 -6.4633 -6.5465 -6.6115 -6.6754 -6.7374 -6.8032

-6.9331 -6.9934 -7 0 528 -7.1122 -7.2190 -7.3178 -7.4005
-7 5235 -7.6012 -7.5882 -7.4897 -7.3195 -7.0890 -6.8393
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-7 4305 -7 4869 -7.5495 -7.6139 -7.6744 -7.7332 -7.8016
-7.9184 -7 9824 -8.0432 -8.1004- -8.2191 -a. 3243 -8.4243
-8.5900 -8 m 7 4 0 1 -8.8229 -8.8405 -8 7840 -8.6677 -8 4842
-7.2792 -6.5580 0.0 0.0 ..
-8.3699 -8.4342 -8.4889 -8.5398 -8.6030 -8.6639 -8.7194
-8 8455 -8.9107 -8 9627 -9.0270 -9.1396 -9.2437 -9.3493
-9.5413 -9 7378 -9.8819 -9.9703 -9 9 9 9 1 -9.9766 -9.9017
-9.0787 -8 rn 4549 -7.5810 0.0
-90 2669 -9.3132 -9.3724 -9. 4257 -9.4883 -9.5463 -9.5953
-9.7175 -9.7734 -9.8347 -9.8876 -10 0074 -10.1148 -10 2238
-10.4278 -10.6386 -10.8201 -10.9599 -11.0501 -11.0940 -11.0918
-10.6410 -10 1 4 9 s -9.4728 -8 7652
-10.1109 -10.1514 -10.2154 -10 2646 -10.3153 -10.3748 -10.4370
-10 5420 -10.6096 -10.6644 -10.7110 -10 8309 -10 9334 -11.0514
-1 1 2530 -11.4870 -11.6834 -1 1.8518 -11.9845 -12.0759 -12.1267
-1 1 0 6 6 1 -11.6418 -11.1482 -10 5550
-10.9145 -10.9701 -11.0163 -11.0690 -11.1280 -11.1764 -11.2309
-1 1 3 3 6 1 -11.4017 -11.4448 -11 5062 -11.6221 -11.7316 -ll.R288
-12.0403 -12.2851 -12.4935 -12.6839 -12.8394 -12.9653 -13.0593
-13el,lO4 -12.9318 -12.6072 -12.1512
-11.69UO -11.7443 -11.7964 -11.8461 -11 8980 -1 1.9520 -12. no32
-1 2.1022 -12.1607 -12.2207 -12 2687 -12.3726 -12.4902 -12.5975
-12.7946 -13.0503 -13.2740 -13 4720 -13.6430 -13.7933 -13.9093
-14.1168 -14.0444 -13.6498 -13.5538
-13.1690 -13.2161 -13.2697 -13.3172 -13.3650 -13.4059 -13.4677
-13.5615 -13.6228 -13.6598 -13.7246 -13.8239 -13.9335 -14.0296
-14.2279 -14.4712 -14.7146 -14.9326 -15.1261 -15.3205 -15.4791
-15.9933 -15 9676 -15.9498 -15.R549
-1 4 5652 -14.6123 -14.6575 -Ne7043 -14.7382 -14.7993 -14.R503
-14.9367 -14 9972 -15.0474 -15.0980 -15.1906 -15.2814 -15.3850
-15.5955 -15.8367 -16.0672 -16.2927 -16.5088 -16.7119 -16.8843
-17.4509 -17.6141 -17.7115 -17.7432
-1 5 9920 -15.9371 -15.9742 -16.0161 -16.0623 -16.1133 -16.1634
-16.2475 -16.3054 -16.3423 -16.4035 -16.4899 -16.5784 -16.6774
-16.869D. -17.1278 -17.3b24 -17.5757 -17.8083 -17.9994 -18.2042
-1R.RQbO -19.0775 -19.2514 -19.3591
-17.1605 -17.2049 -17.2344 -17.2917 -17.3338 -17.3802 -17.4247
-17.5163 -17.5480 -17.6060 -17.6534 -17 7478 -17.8406 -17.9333
-18.112b -19.3563 -18.5924 -18.eo84 -19.0354 -19.2298 -19.4352
-20.1432 -20 4275 -20.6522 -20. 8 0 4 1
-15.3787 -18.4237 -18.4457 -18.5084 -18.5536 -18.5857 -18.6220
-18.7287 -10.7735 -18.7969 -18.8473 -18.9515 -19.0263 -19.1343
-19.31~35 -19.5426 -13.7744 -19.9839 -20 2154 -20.4176 -20.6162
-2 1.3686 -21.6813 -21.9373 -22 1474
- 2 1 2445 -21.2995 -21.3168 - 2 1 3838 -21.4003 -21.4653 -21.4941
-21.5640 -21.6190 -21.6706 -21.7103 - 2 1 7982 -21.8668 - 2 1 9451)
-22.1231 -22.3534 -22.5675 -22 7780 -23.0065 -23.2170 -23.4140
-24,1996 -24.5315 -24 8455 -25.1384
-23.9469 -23.9820 -24.0254 ,-24.0385 -24.1027 -24.1363 -24.1799
-24.2582 -24.2990 -24.3350 -24.3493 -24 4454 -24 5408 -24.6209
83
-24 6976 -24 7818 -24.9676 -25 1999 -25.4057 -25.5874 -25.8178 -25.9963
-26.4112 -26.8043 -27.1651 -27 4844 -27.8342
-0.9335 -0 6083 -0.3214 0 3297 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.U 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.u 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-0. 9472 -0.5773 -0 1598 0 4947 1.3314 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1, 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.U 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-0.9395 -0 527 1 -0.0230 0.6380 1 4366 2 2984 3.2064 0.0
0.u 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-0.9104 -0.45?7 0.0890 0 7596 1 5345 2 3775 3.2633 4.1831
5.1421 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
O.J 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-0ed7U6 -0 3874 0 1826 0 8595 1 6251 2. b 5 3 7 3.3215 4.2195
5.1558 6.0721 7.0340 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
O.u 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-0.6287 -0 33UO 0.2602 0.9486 1 7084 2 5270 3.3810 4.2632
5.1780 6.0946 7.0373 7.9850 8.9760 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.i)
-u.
0.0
b2S5
.
0.0
0 0
- 0 2905
0.0
0.0
0 3353
0.0
0.0
1 0329
0.0
0.0
1 7924
0.0
2 5982
0.0
3.4418
0.0
4.3142
5.2087 6.12U9 7.0493 7 9866 8 9462 10.8214 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0, 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
O.U 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-0.6122 -0 23d2 0 -4083 1.1146 1 8714 2.6707 3.5053 4 3658
5.2479 6.1510 7.0700 7.9970 8.9375 10.8319 12.8228 14.7110
0.d 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-0 7652 -0.182b 0 4798 1 1925 1 9490 2 7457 3.5693 4.42b1
5.LYdl 6.1934 7.0994 9.0162 8.9499 10.8405 12.7791 14.6926
16.04b3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 .o.o 0.0
0.U 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-3.7492 -u. 1 2 5 6 0 5505 1.2688 2 0269 2.8179 3.6380 4.4820
5. J4U9 6.2335 7.1352 8.0471 8 9834 10 8472 12.7549 14 6774
16.b177
0.0
-6.7SG7
.
113.5333
o n
-0.060~+
0.0
0.0
0.61A5
0.0
0.0
1.3439
0.0
0.0
2.1025
0.0
2 8928
0.0
3.7063
0.0
4.5481
5.41)72 6.27Y9 7.1826 0 0787 9.0027 10.8520 12.7502 14.6654
16.5950 18.5191 23.6156 3.n 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.u 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-0 t > i & 2 u. 0504 0.7532 1a4874 2.2490 3 0393 3.8471 4.6804
5.5264 b 3876 7.2689 8.1610 9.0635 10.9025 12.7707 14.6510
16.5067 16.4964 23.4546 28.1460 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 -0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-0.5i64 0 1685 0 (3852 1 6262 2.3942 3 1834 3 9885 4.8124
5.0513 6.5054 7.3765 8 2649 9.1468 10.9600 12.8178 14.6752
16.3614 18.1+814 23.3424 28.1688 33.2423 0.0 0.0 0.0
IJ.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
84
“3.4186 0 2854 1.0121 1.7611 2.5306 3.3193 4.1245 4.9513

5 7846 6 6325 7.4912 8.3627 9.2436 11 0 3 5 1 12.8627 14.7097
16.b094 18.4741 23.2790 28.1678 33.1166 38.1997 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-0.3132 0.4015 1 1370 1 8932 2.6688 3.4532 - -4.2598 5.0773
5.9132 6.7548 7.6073 8.4784 9.3505 11 1 3 5 1 12.9372 14 7676
16.6275 18.5001 23.2644 28.1431 33.0214 38.0455 42 9476 48.0653
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-0. E077 0.5155 1 2599 2.0207 2 7981 3.5877 4 3941 5.2105
6.0399 6 8833 7.7317 8 5929 9.4748 11 2233 13.0209 14.8401
lo. 7096 18.5556 23.2709 28.0947 32.9567 37.9210 42 8472 47.8892
57.9853 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.u510 0 7952 1 5546 2.3274 3.1125 3.9113 4.7154 5.5339
6.5562 7.1920 8.0355 8.8883 9.7514 11.5025 13.2787 15.0517
16.8677 18.6959 23.3607 28.0784 32 9284 37.7393 42.6507 47.5675
57.5687 67.9993 77.8708 0.0 0.0
0 3074 1.0670 1.8413 2.6217 3.4121 4.2114 5.0251 5.8365
t3.6b84 7.5002 8.3453 9.1966 10.0421 11 7762 13.5234 15.2969
17.Ub54 18.8953 23 4893 28.1834 32 9378 37.7428 42.5321 47.4152
57.26.39 67 3588 77.3674 86.6851 0.0
0 56.34 1 3353 2.1138 2.9034 3.7007 4 5099 5.3211 6.1390
bey624 7.8010 8.6405 9.4637 10.3356 12.0585 13 7949 15.5628
17.J3S1 19.1300 23.6715 28.3360 33.0303 37.7716 42.5260 47.4323
57.1309 67.0040 76 990 1 86.8148 97 2397
0 b123 1 5934 2.3786 3.1772 3.9775 4.7845 5.6011 6.4280
7.2577 8.0871 0.92B3 9.7708 10.6210 12.3386 14.0653 15.8299
17.5845 19.3694 23.9030 28.5100 33.1581 37.8222 42.6040 47.3689
57.1097 66 9349 76.7390 06.8028 96.8470
1.OS64 1.844i) 2.6414 3.4407 4 2467 5 0622 5 8786 6.7083
7 b360 8 3677 9.20.94 10.0529 10.9019 12.6110 14.3401 16.0971
17.U4.78 19.6176 24.1090 29.7043 33.3211 37.9548 42.6656 47.4184
57.~324 66 79% 76.6141 86.6491 96 5257
1 ~964 2 0904 2 8934 3.6998 4.5104 5 3262 6.1492 6.9799
7.oti20 9.6377 9.4805 10.3362 11.1738 12.8855 14.6098 16.3563
18.1101 19.8687 24.3757 28.9025 33.5135 38.1083 42 8452 47.5361
57.1l152 66.7463 76.5253 86 3537 96.2759
1 7670 2 5698 3.3806 4.1969 5.0148 5.8405 6 6633 7.4976
8 L298 9.1676 10.0127 10.8536 11.7125 13.4126 15.1405 16.8760
18.6155 20.37q4 24.8107 29.3409 33.8678 38 5135 43.1741 47. R678
57.2517 66.7959 7b 5638 86.1700 95.9772
2.2184 3.0352 3.8516 4.6728 5. 4964 6.3200 7.1602 7.9975
B.it315 9.6704 10.5219 11.3703 12.2215 13.9351 15.6443 17.3755
19.1492 21). 8958 25.3167 29.8035 34.2937 38.9016 43.5385 48.16A2
57.5706 67.0851 76.6007 86.3462 95.9814
2. b536 3.4801 4.3054 5.1296 5.9584 6.7914 7.6321 8.4692
9.5139 10.1524 11.0051 ll.@484 12.7125 14.4146 16.1360 17.8675
19.b22B 2 1 3639 25.7796 30.2449 34 7830 39 3463 43.8810 48.4687
57.8695 67 2567 76.7466 86.4371 96.0581
L.i)OQ6 3 9149 4 7452 5.5736 6.4118 7.2487 8.0939 8.9322
9 77b9 10.6313 11.4719 12.3285 13.1817 14 8954 16.6217 18.3521
20.1031 2 1 8351 26.2513 30.6960 35.1969 39.7124 44.2674 48.8511
56.1758 67 5316 77.0749 86.5969 96.0419
3.>051 4 3363 5.1726 6.0025 6.8403 7.6929 8.5288 9.3766
10.2328 11 0788 11 9296 12.7828 13.6387 15.3633 17.0839 18.8220
85
20 5589 22 e3087 26.7110 31 1490 35.6243 40 1946 44 6836 49.2930

58 5806 67 8299 77.3423 86.7796 96 2442
4.5079 5.34b1 6.1965 7.0345 7.8911 8 7351 9.5913 10 4463
ll.3i133 12.1569 13.0071 13.8772 19.7335 16.4717 18.1860 19.9259
21 6732 23.4180 27,8259 32.3022 36.7440 41.2444 45.7278 50 3337
59.4323 68 7558 78.0443 87.4061 96.8346
5 4663 6.3177 7.1686 0.02*41 8.8685 9.7377 10.5917 11.4510
12.3104 13.17m 14.0323 14.8973 15.7524 17.4905 19.2358 20 9893
22 e7257 24.4810 28.9161 33.3410 37.7846 42.2569 46.8369 51.3266
60.4701 69.7196 78.9512 80.1826 97.6496
0 e4931 0 6182 0 8345 0.4374 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
9.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
iJ.O 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
9.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0 4b14 0.5211 0.5926 0 4303 0.!048 0.0 0.0 0.0
O.U 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.U 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0- 0.0 0.0 0.0
O.U 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0. +359 0 4558 0.4523 0.4156 0.3912 0 3624 0.3854 0.0
0.U 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.U 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
O.U c.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
b .4166 C .'+2;13 0.4136 0 3933 0.3750 0 3627 0 3698 0 3506
0 3842 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
O.U 0.n 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.U c.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.+@27 CI 4031 0.3713 0.3634 0 3562 0 3532 0 3533 0.3490
0 3645
0.0
O.U
.
0 3480
0 0
0.0
0.3660
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
.
0.3Y24
ir a455
0.0
0.3397
0.3435
0.0
0.3431
0.3525
0.0
0.3388
0 3489
0.0
0.3348
0.3609
0.0
0 3339
0.0
0.0
0 3359
0.0
0.0
0.3394
0.0
0.0
9.b 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
u. 5049 0 3204 0.3216 0 3187 0.3159 0.3154 0.3176 0.321A
U w 3272 0.3328 0.3379 0.3408 0.3481 0 3581 0.0 0.0
O.u 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
u.u 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
i) e2965 n. 3092 0.3045 0.3021 0.3000 0 2993 0.3009 0 3045
U JG96 0.3159 0 3222 0 3285 0.3341 0 3451 0.3428 0 3557
0.b 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
.
0.u
b LLj60
0.2935
0.0
0 -29U4
0.2990
0.0
0.2904
0.3054
0.c
0.2885
0 3120
0.0
0 2866
0.3189
0.2858
03-3311
0.2866
0 3381
0 2892
0 3476
u. 3594 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.~759 0 2788 0 2784 0.2769 0.2751 0 2742 0.2745 0 2762
0.2794 u . 283s 0.2893 0 2958 0 3025 0.3161 0.3284 0.3376
0.3477 0 36b2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0. i66M 0 e1686 0.2683 0 2668 0 2653 0 2644 0 2643 0 2653
0 2074 0 2706 0.2755 o ,2807 0 2868 0.3001 0.3137 0 3257
tJ .9355 0.3506 0.3775 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
86
0.2519 0.2515 0.2503 0 2491 0 2481 0 2476 0 2477

0.250b 0.2533 0 2567 0 2608 0.2712 0 2833 0 -2962
0.3203 0 3499 0 3697 0;o 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0 2386 0 e2391 9.2372 0 2361 0 2351 0.2345 0.2342
0 23'55 0 2370 0.2391 0 2417 0 2490 0.2581 0 2687
0 e 2928 0.3214 3 3456 0.3714 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
J
I 2276 0.2272 0 2263 0 2253 0.2244 0 2238 0 2234
0 2237 0.224s 0 2257 0.2274 0 2322 0 2389 0 2468
0 26b6 3 2950 0.3213 0 3456 0 3757 0.n 0.0
(J 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
11.21ii4 0.2179 0.2171 0.2163 0.2156 0.2148 0.2143
0.2141 0.2145 0 2151 0 2162 0 2194 0.2240 0 2299
u.2451 0.2697 0 2968 0.3210 0 3471 0 3579 0 4032
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
n.21~4 0.2099 0.2093 0.2085 0 -2078 0.2072 0 2066
0.201il 0.2062 0 2066 0.2072 0.2093 0.2124 0.21bR
U 22d6 0.24q2 0.2721 0 2976 0.3208 0.3372 0 3735
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0 1946 0.1942 0.1936 0.1930 0 1924 0.1919 0.1913
O.lYU6 0.1903 0.1903 0 1904 0 1909 0.1922 0.1941
D.2002 0.2114 0.2262 0.2444 0 2651 0.2873 0.3089
I).
0.37Y3
1825
0.1789
0.4240
0.1820
0 1766
0.0
0.1816
0.1784
0.0
0.1812
0 1782
0.1807
0 1782
0.1802
0.1787
0.179R
0 1796
0.1Q26 0.1890 0.1980 0.2097 0 -2238 0.2400 0.2581
0.3315 3 3695 0.4150 0.0
0 1729 0.1725 0.1721 0 1718 0.1713 0.1709 0.1706
u. 1698 0.1695 0.1691 0 s 1690 0 16A6 0.1687 0 1690
0.1704 0 1742 0.1800 0.1875 0 1969 0.2080 0.2211
0 2069 0 3206 0.3591 0 3695
0.1649 0.1647 0.1643 0.1640 0 e.1637 0 1633 0 1629
I)1623 0.1619 0.1616 0.1614 0 1610 0.1608 0.1607
0.1614 0.1636 0.1673 0.1723 0 1787 0.1866 0 1957
u. 2455 I) 2773 0.3104 0 3356
@.
0 1562
1ss9
0.1543
0.1SP0
0 1555
0.1554
0.1577
0.1554
0.1578
0 1574
0.1551
0.1613
0.1571
0 1546
0 1658
0.1568
0.1543
0.1714
0 1565
0.1542
0.1780
o. 2148 0 2306 0.2689 0 2992
U.tSLS 0.1523 0.1520 0 1518 0.1515 0.1512 0.150~
(1.1504 0.1501 0.1498 0.1496 011492 0.148R 0.1485
0.1485 0.1490 0.1504 0.1528 0.1560 0.1602 0.1651
0 1929 0.2119 0 2346 0 2603
0 1431 0.1429 0.1427 0.1425 0 1423 0.1421 O.14lR
0.1414 0.1411 0.1410 0 1407 0 1403 0 1399 0 1396
0 e 1392 0 1392 0 1396 0.1406 0 1423 0.1445 0.1473
0 1640 0 1758 0.1895 0 2055
0 1356 0 1354 0.1353 0.1351 0 1350 0.1347 0'. 1345
0 1342 0 1340 0.1338 0.1336 0.1332 0 1329 0 1326
0.1320 0.1317 0.1317 0.1321 0 1329 0.1341 0.1358
0 1462 0.1538 0 1630 0 1734
0 1294 0 1293 0.1292 0 1291 0 1289 0 1287 0.1286
0 1203 0.1281 0 1279 0 1277 0 1274 0.1271 0.1268
87
U.12b5 0.1203 0.1258 0.1255 0 1256 0 1259 0.1266 0 1275

0.1304 0 1343 0 1394 0 1457 0.1531
0.1244 0.1243 0.1241 0.1241 0 1239 0 1238 0.1236 0 1235
L) 1.233 0.1252 0.1231 0 1229 0.1228 0.122s 0.1222 0.1219
u. 1L16 0 . 1214 0.1209 0.1205 0.1204 0.1204 0.1208 0.1213
0.1231 0 1237 0.1292 n. 1336 0.1390
0.1199 0.1198 0.1197 0.1197 0 1195 0.1193 0.1193 0.1192
0.1190 U.ll3f-i 0.1197 0 1187 0.1195 0.1182 0.1180 0.1177
0.1175 U.1172 0.1167 0.1163 n. 1161 0.1160 0.1161 0.11611
u.li74 n.1191 0.1216 0.1248 0.1287
0.lllLi C.llU9 0.1108 0.1108 0.1106 0.1106 0.1104 0.1104
0.1103 0.11~2 0.1101 0.1100 0.1099 0 1097 0.1095 0.1093
O.lG91 0 . ].Ob9 3.1no4 0.1080 0 1077 0 1074 0.1072 0.1072
u.lL73 l i s 1079 0.1090 0.1105 0.1123
0. io42 LI.1041 0.1041 O.lU40 0.1040 0.1038 0.1038 0.1037
0 1~50 O.lO3S 0.1035 0.1034 0.1034 0 1032 0.1030 0.1028
0.iU27 0.1025 0.1022 0.1017 0.1014 0.1012 0.1009 0.1007
U.lUUt, 0.10ir5 0.1009 0 1016 0. IO25
u.0574 0 04 73 -0.1789 -0.2307 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.u
L.U
L.G
0.0
li (1
0 0
.. 0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
lI.ulu1 -0 0258 -0.1485 -0,1776 -C. 1331 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
U.U u.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
u.u 0.n 0.0 0.0 0.0
-0.6209 -0 ti651 -0.12321 -0.1370 -0.1116 - 0 0915 -0.0578 0.0
U.LI 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
ti.U 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.i) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-0. U356 -0. 07Ub -0.1024 -0.1089 - 9 0961 -0 0787 -0.0567 -0 0493
-u. 0219
0.0
6.U
0.0
11
0.0
.n 0.0
9.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-0.~4i9 - 0 0683 -0.0796 -0.0933 -0.0866 -0 0723 -0.0571 -n.o456

- G . 0275 -0.0258 -0.0039 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
u.u 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
G.iJ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-u. G 4 3 9 -21.0413 -fl,0762 -0. G b G 7 -0.0831 -0.0723 -0.0590 -0 0460
- b . c.532
U.b
0.U
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0.0
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0255 -0.0141
.o.o
0.0
-0 0095
0.0
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0.0011
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.n
-0.uu15 -0 0 5 0 1 -0 0740 -0.Ob26 -0.0810 -0 0732 -0 0624 "0 0505
-0.u590
u.0
0.0
-0 0264
u 0
0.0
. -0.0191
0.0
0.0
-0.0118
0.0
0.0
- 0 0033
0.0
0.0
0 0095
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-u. 0219 -11 0543 -0.0723 -0.0796 -0 0793 -0 0739 -0 0654 -0.0554
-0. ti449 -0 0345 -0.0249 -0.0162 -0 0085 0.0048 0.0109 0.0212
u.O 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
U.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-0. U321 - 0 0565 -0.0708 -0.0773 -0.0778 -0 0741 -0 0676 -0. 0 5 9 ~
-0. u 5 0 2 -0. o 4 o e -0.0315 -0.0227 -0 0145 -0.0006 0 0094 0.0186
u. UiB1 ti.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
d.D 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
88
TABLE CUI. (Continued)
-0. 0386 - 0 e 0578 -0 0695 -0 0753 -0 0763 -0 0739 -0 0690 -0 0623

-U US46 -0 0463 -0 m 0378 -0 0294 -0.0213 -0 0067 0 0056 0 0150
0.0238 0.0355 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-0.0427 -0.0585 -0.0684 -0 0736 -0 0750 -0 0734 -0 0697 -0.0643
-0 O b 7 9 -0 0509 -0 0432 -0 0356 -0.0280 -0.0135 -0.0005 0.0103
0.0191 [J. 0294 0.0450 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-I,.
i3.u
u476
-0. u021
0.0
- 0 0589
-0 0569
0.0
-0 0664
-0 0512
0.0
-0.0707
-0.0452
0.0
-0 0724
-0.0390
-0 0720
-0 0262
-0 0699
-0.0138
-0 0665
-0.0023
0. bo83 0 0173 0 s 0369 0.0500 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-u. bSU1 -0.0587 -0 0647 -0.0684 -0 0702 -0 0 0704 -0 0693 -0. 0671
- 0 Ub4u -0.0603 -0 0560 -0.0513 -0 0465 -0 0359 -0 0252 -0.0196
-0. u043
0.0
.
-0 u514
.
0.0054
0 0
- 0 0582
(3 0258
0.0
-0.0631
0.0412
0.0
-0.0664
0 0555
0.0
-0 0682
0.0
-0 0687
0.0
-0 0682
o.n
-0.0668
-0.0647 -0 0620 -0.0588 -0.0552 -0.0513 -0 0429 -0,0338 -0.0247
-0.0153 -0.0063 0 e 0147 0.0318 0.0459 0.0618 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-U. U520 -0 0576 -0.0618 -0.0646 -0.0664 -0 0671 -0.0670 -0.0662
-0.Ub47 -0.0628 -0.0603 -0.0576 -0.0545 -0.0476 -0.0401 -0.0323
-0.0242 -0.Olb2 0.0036 0.0218 0.0364 0 0506 0 0572 0 0780
O.U 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-0 .0522 -0.0570 -0.0606 -0.0631 -0.0648 -0 0656 -0 0658 -0.0653
-u. U U 4 4 - 0 0629 -0.0611 -0.0589 -0 0564 -0 0508 -0 0446 -0.0380
-u. u309 - 0 0239 -0 0 062 0.0112 0.0270 0.0402 0.0496 0.0667
0. U918 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
-0. ~ 5 1 9 - 0 0553 -0.0580 -0.0600 -0.0614 -0 0624 -0 0629 -0.0629
-0 0626 -0 0620 -0.0611 -0.0599 -0.0585 -0 0550 -0.0510 -0.0466
-0 U417 -0.03~7 -0.0233 -0.0098 0.0040 0.0173 0 0301 0.0415
0. Ub45 0 0746 0 0923 0.0 0.0
-U.US12 -0 0537 -0.0558 -0.0575 -0.0588 -0 0597 -0.0603 -0.0606
-0. Uoo6 -0.0604 -0.0599 -0.0593 -0.0585 -0 0564 -0.0537 -0.05fl6
-0. 3472 - 0 04.55 -0.0336 -0.0230 -0.0121 -0.0010 0.0098 0.0209
0.0415 0.0577 0.0738 0.0921 0.0
-0.05u3 -11.0523 -n. 0540 -0.0554 -0.0565 -0 rn 0574 -0 0 580 -0. 0934
-0. US87 -0.05a7 -n.o585 -0.0582 -0.0577 -0 0564 -0.0546 - 0 0525
-0. us00 -0 0473 -0.0397 -0.0313 -0.0226 -0.0 137 -0.0047 0.0046
.
0 . 0228
-u u493
- 0 . Ubbd
0 04~9
-0.0510
-0 0570
0 0564
-0.OS25
-0 0570
0.0726
-0.0537
-0.0568
0 0776
-0.0547
-0 0566
-0 0555
-0.0558
-0 0561
-0 054G
-0.0565
-0.0531
-J.U513 -0.0493 -0.0434 “0.0367 -0. 0296 -0 e 0223 -0.0148 -0.0072
0. uoa4 0 0242 0.0401 0.0550 0.0660
-0. 0484 -0.0499 -0.0511 -0.0522 -0.0530 -0 0538 -0.0544 -0.0549
-0.0552 -0,0554 -0.0555 -0.0555 -0 0554 -0 0550 -0.0542 -0.0531
-0.0518 -0 0503 -0.0457 -0.0403 -0.0345 -0 0284 -0.0220 -0 0 156
-0. u024 0.0110 0 0249 0.0393 * 0.0528
-
-U. 0476 -0.0480 -0.0499 -0.0508
-0.0516 -0 0523 -0 0529 -0 0533
-0 OS37 -0 0590 -0 0541 -0 e 0542 -0 e 0542 -0 0540 -0.0535 -0 rn 0527
-0.0518 -0 0506 -0.0470 -0.0427 -0 0378 -0 0327 -0 0272 -0.0217
-0.0104 0.0012 0.0131 0.0255 0 0380
-0.0460 - 0 04b9 -0.047c) -0.0486 -0.0492 -0 0498 -0.0504 -0.0509
-0.0512 -0.0514 -0.0517 -0.0518 -0 0519 -0 0520 -0.0518 -0.0515
89
-0.G510 -0 O W 3 -0 0481 -0. p 4 5 2 -0.0418 . -0 0 3 8 0 :0;03Gi LO. 0299

-0.d1212 -0 0 1 2 3 -0 0031 0 0061 0.0156
-0 d446 -0 0 4 5 4 -9.0461 -0.0467 -0.0473 -0 e 04-78 -0 0483 -0.0487
-0.3496 -0.0403 " 0 0495 -0 0 4 9 8 -0 0 4 9 9 -0 0 5 0 1 -0: 0502 -0. o w
- 0 . u49a -0.0494 -0.0480 -0.0461- -0 0 4 3 7 -0.0409 -0,0379 -0 e 0 3 9 7
-0.U279 -U.0208 -0 0 1 3 5 -0 0 0 6 0 0. n o 1 4
- 0 . u434 -0.0440 -0 0 4 4 6 -0.0451 -0 0 4 5 6 -0 0 4 6 1 -0 0 4 6 5 -0. ns69
-u.
-0 i1472
uco5
-0.u.321
-0 0 4 7 5
-0 0 4 8 3
-0.0201)
-0 0 4 7 7
-0 0 4 7 5
-0.0204
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-0.0461
-0,0142
-0.0481
-0 0 4 4 4
-0.0080
-0 0 4 8 4
-0.0424
-0 0 4 8 6
-0 0 4 0 1
-0.0486
-0.0376
-ti.
-b. 0 4 2 2
-0
0456
U472
-0.0428
-0 0 4 5 9
-U 0 4 7 1
-0.0433
-0.0462
-9 0 4 6 7
-0 0 4 3 8
-0.0464
-0 0 4 5 8
-0.0442
-0e.0466
-0.0445
-0 0 + 4 6
-0 0469
-0 0 4 3 0
-0 0450
-0.0471
-0.0413
-0 0453
-0 s 0 4 7 2
-0.0393
-0. u 3 4 9 -0 0392 -3 0 2 5 1 -0.0200 -0.0148
-0.0412 -0.11417 -0.0422 -0.0426 -0.0430 -0 0434 -0 rn 0437 -0. n w o
-3. u 4 4 3 -0. ou45 -0,0448 -0 0 4 5 0 -0 0 4 5 2 -0 0 4 5 5 -0 0458 -0 0 4 5 9
-0. 0 4 6 0 -0.0460 -0.0458 -0 0 4 5 2 -0 0 4 4 3 -0,0431 -050418 -0;m2
-0.0367 -0 0 3 2 8 -0 0 2 8 5 -0.0242 -0.0197
-0 U39 1 -0 0 3 3 5 -0 0 3 9 8 -0.0402 -0.0405 -0.0408 -0.0410 -0.0413
-0a3415 -0 e 0 4 1 7 -0.0420 -0.0421 -0 0 4 2 3 -0 0 4 2 6 -0 0 4 2 9 -0.0431
-0. J433 - 0 0434 -0 0 4 3 5 -0.0434 -0.0430 -0 0 4 2 5 -0 0 4 1 7 -0 0 4 0 9
-0.3388 -0 0362 -0 0 3 3 4 -0 0 3 0 4 -0 0 2 7 2
-0. u 3 7 4 -0 0377 -0.0380 -0.0382 -0 rn 0 3 8 5 -0 0 3 8 7 -0 rn 0 3 9 0 -0.1-1392
-u. u.394 -0 0 3 9 6 -0 0 3 9 7 -0.0399 -0.040 1 -0.0404 -0 0 4 0 6 -0.n~o9
-U.U410 -0 0 4 1 2 -0 s 0 4 1 5 -0.0415 -0,0414 -0.0412 -0.0408 -0 0404
-U. 0 3 9 1 -0.13374 -0 0355 -0 0 3 3 4 -0.0311
0.34u5 0 2959 0 3499 0 7727 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.u 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.u 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
O.u 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0. J t 3 7 0.3791 0.4913 0 7525 0 A575 0.0 0.0 0.0
d.U ti.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.u 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3910 0.4442 0 5772 0.7381 0 R340 0 8846 0 9180 0.0
u.O 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.J 0.0 0.U 9.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
O.U 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
o.q.224 0 4912 0.6076 0 7295 0.8150 0 8672 0.9014 0 9205
U.9414 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.U 0.0 0.0 o.n 0.0 0.0 o.n 0.0
0.0 P.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
ti.*532 0.5224 0 e6222 0 7267 0.8005 0.8515 0 A861 0 9093
0 rn 9 2 9 1 0 -93t34 0.9514 0.0 0.0 0.0 01 0 -4w3
U.J 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 '1.0
0.u 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.4731 0 5414 0 6469 0 7281 0.7905 0 8375 0 8721 0 A976
0 9172 0 9504 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.d
3.U
0 9305
0.0
0.0
2r28
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.9593
0.0
0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
3 . uti03 0.5834 0 6645 0 7306 0 7840 0 8263 0 A594 0 8854

O.YbS7 0.9215 0 9340 0 9437 0 9524 0.9647 -0.6 0.0
u.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
u.O 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
90
0 e5336 0.6119 0.67RO 0.7335 0.7797 0 8177 0. t34~9 0 eR741

0 t3946 0.9114 0 9250 0 9361 0 w52 0 9592 0 9678 0 9760
0.0 0.0 ' 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0. sb8a 0 6334 0.6890 0.7367 0 7772 0.8116 0.8403 0.8645
0 0847 0.9016 0.9158 0 9276 0.9377 0 9532 0 9639 0 9724
0 9793 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.5957 0 6503 0.6993 0.7399 0 7759 0 8070 0 s 8336 0 A564
0 .a759 0 8926 0.9070 0.9193 0.9299 0 9467 0 9591 0 9683
0 9756 0 9830 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0 .b168 0 6643 0 7061 0.7431 0 7754 0.8038 0 8284 0 A499
0.8685 0 8847 0 8991 0.9113 0.9221 0 e9397 0 9534 0 9637
0.9716 0 9789 0 9920 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.u 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0485 0 6859 0.7192 0.7491 0 7759 0 7998 0.R211 OeA4Ol
0.b570 0 0720 0 8855 0.8974 0 e9081 0 9264 0.9411 0.9530
U.9627 0.9794 3.9851 0 9936 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.~718 0.70i12 0.7298 0.7547 0.7775 0.7981 0.8167 0. A335
0 b48U 0 8626 0 8752 0 8066 0 8967 0.9148 0.9297 0.9421
0.9526 0.9615 0.9779 0.9886 0 9973 0.0 0.0 0.0
O.U 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
L
l.0895
0 6430
0.7132
0 8557
0.7385
0.8673
0.7599
0.8779
0.7796
0 . A877
0.7976
0 -9050
0.8141 0 A293
0.9197 0 e9322
0.Y430 0 9522 0 9704 0.9830 0 9921 1.0009 0.0 0.0
0.U 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0 7039 0 7258 0 7460 0.7647 0 7820 0.7979 0.8126 0 . A262
a'.
0 8389
0.0
'3 343
0.8505
0.9436
0.0
0.8613
0 9626
0.0
0.8713
0.9768
0.0
0 8805
0 9868
0.0
0 8971
0 9954
0.9112
0.9996
0.9236
1.0097
0.7158 0 7348 0.7526 0.7691 0.7844 0 7987 0.8120 0 A244
0. a359 0 8467 0 8567 0.8661 0 8749 0.8904 0.9041 0.9161
0 9269 0 9361 0.9552 0.9700 0.9813 0.9899 0.9958 1.0044
1 0168 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0 7380 0 7523 0.7658 0.7786 0 7905 0.8019 O.Rl24 0.8225
0.8319 0 .a408 0 8492 0.8572 0 8648 0 -8786 0 8910 0.9019
0.9119 0 e9208 0.9397 0.9546 0 9668 0 9769 0.9853 0.9921
leu045 1.0096 1.0168 0.0 0.0
U. 7540 0 7654 3.7763 0.7865 0.7962 0.8055 0.8143 0. R226
0.8306 0 8382 0 8454 0.8523 0 8587 0.8710 0.8821 0 8922
0.9013 0.9098 0.9278 0.9424 0.9546 0.9648 0.9734 0.9810
0.9935 1.0022 1.0096 1.0178 0.0
0.7665 0 7758 0.7847 0.7933 0.8015 0 8093 0.8167 0 A239
0.0307 0 8372 0 8435 0 8495 0 8553 0 e 8661. 0 rn 8761 0 e 8853
0. ti937 0.9015 0.9187 0.9329 0 9447 0.9548 0 9634 0.9711
0.9838 0.9943 1.0023 1.0099 1.0122
0.7764 0 7843 0.7918 0.7992 0.8062 0.8128 0.8193 0 8256
0.d315 0 8372 0.8428 0.8481 0 8532 0 8629 0.8719 0 A803
0 8681 0 8954 0.9115 0.9252 0 e 9367 0 9465 0.9551 0.9627
0 9754 0 9859 0 9949 1.0024 1 0077
O 764b 0 7914 0.7981 0. A044 0 9104 0 8164 0. A220 0 A275
0 -8328 0 8379 0 8428 0.8476 0 8521 0 8609 0 8691 0. A768
91
0 8639 0.8907 0 -9058 0.9190 0.9301 0 9397 0 .9481 0 9556

0 9681 0 9785 0 9874 0 -9953 1.0021
0 rn 7916 0 -7976 0 8034 0.8090 0 8194 0.8196 0 8246 0 13295
0 0342 0 8388 0.8432 0 8476 0 8517 0 8597 0 8671 0. I3742
0 .a809 0.8872 0.9014 0.9138 0 9246 0 9339 0 9423 0 9996
11 9620 0 9722 0.9809 0.9886 0 9954
U.dO30 0.8078 0.8124 0.8169 0 9212 0 8255 0 8296 0 8336
0 d374 0 9412 0,8449 0. e405 0 8520 0 8587 0 8650 0.8711
0. b768 0 8823 0 8949 0.9061 0.9160 0 9249 0 9328 0 9399
0.9519 0 e9619 0.9705 0.9777 0 9842
u .8120 0.8159 0,8198 0.8235 0 8271 0.0306 0 A341 0 8375
ir.d407 0.8439 0.8471 0.8501 0 9531 0 e8589 0 8644 0 8696
0. d747 0 8795 0.8907 0.9009 0.9099 0.9182 0 9256 0 9324
0.9441 0.9539 0 9622 0 9694 0 9756
0 6193 0.8227 n ,8259 0.8291 0 fl322 0 8352 0 8382 O.fl411
u. a439
0. a736
0.8466
0.8779
0.8494
0.8879
0. 8520
0.8971
0 8546
0 9055
0.8597
0.9131
0 e 8645
0.9201
0 8691
0 9264
0.9378 0 9473 0.9554 0.9626 0 9687
0 b255 0 8284 0.8313 0.8340 0 8367 0 8393 0.8419 0. R 4 4 4
0 S469 0.8494 0. A517 0 8541 0 8563 0 8608 0 8651 0 A692
0 8733 n. a 7 7 1 0 8862 0.8945 0 9022 0 9093 0.9159 0.9219
0.9327 0.9419 0.9499 0 e9569 0 9630
0 b309 0 A334 0 8359 0. D3R2 0.8407 Od3430 0 8453 0 8475
0. ti497 G 8519 0,8540 0.8561 0 8581 0 8621 0.8660 0 8697
0.6733 0 876i3 0.8851 0.8927 0 9998 0.9065 0.9125 0 e9183
i) 9286 0 e9374 0.9452 0 9520 0 9580
0.L1416 0 8434 0 8454 0 .a471 0.9490 0 8508 0 8526 0 8543
11 dti60 0.8577 0.8593 0.8610 0 8626 0 8657 0.8687 0.8717
0.3746 0 877'+ 0.8841 0.8905 0.8963 0.9019 0 e 9070 0.9120
0.9210 0 9291 0.9363 0.9427 0.9484
0.0498 0.8513 0.8528 0. A543 0 8557 0 8572 0 8586 0.8600
Oat3613 0 8627 0.8640 0.8654 0 8666 0 8692 0.8717 0 R742
0 e0766 0 8789 0.8845 0.8898 0 8948 0 8996 0.9041 0.9084
0.9164 G 9236 0.9301 0 9361 0.9415
u. 9u57 1.0152 1.1135 1.2193 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
O.u 0.0 9.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
u.O 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
u. bag3 0 e8312 0.9578 1.0717 1.1274 0.0 0.0 0.0
u.u 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
u.u 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.5456 0 6934 0.8342 0.9479 1.0202 1 0719 1.1000 0.0
0.U 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
O.U 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.u 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
u. lt74b 0 e6168 0.7427 0. a479 0.9276 0 9853 1 0245 1 0570
1.11773 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
LJ.a 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
I].
0.0
4299
1. dl98
0.0
0.55d9
1.0424
0.0
0.6735
1.0610
3.0
0.7717
0.0
0.0
0 8496
0.0
0.9103
0.0
0 9564
0.0
0 9924
0.0
J.U 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.n
0.i) 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0
92
U. 3Y71 0 5135 0.6198 0.7110 0 7862 0 8469 0.8957 0 9346

Il eY666 0 9925 1.0138 1 0319 1 0455 0.0 0.0 0.0
il.d 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
O.Li 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0. LL89 11 47'94 0.5777 0.6623 0 7335 0 e 7931 0.8424 0 R836
0 9177 0.9463 0 9699 0.. 9905 1 0073 1 0362 0.0 0.0
a.0
0.0
li.5513
.
0.0
(1 0
0 4537
0.0
0.0
0.5439
9.0
0.0
0.6221
0.0
0.0
0.6896
0.0
0 7470
0.0
0 7962
0.0
0 8379
0.~731 0 9038 0 9293 0.0517 0 9710 1 0029 1 0272 1 0473
0.b 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
U.O 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
u .5hlj9 0 4329 0.5160 0.5890 0 6527 0 7080 0.7557 0 7974
I) .t3;9t, 0 8647 0.8920 0 9155 0 9366 0.9711 0.9983 1 0203
1. u372
u.u
I,. 3292
.
0.0
o o
0.4157
0.0
0.0
n. 4924
3.0
0.0
0.5607
0.0
0.0
0 6204
0.0
n .6735
0.0
0.7202
0.n
0.7610
U. 7972 0.8291 0 8571 0.3.322 0 9041 0.9408 0 9704 0 9942
l.iJ135 1.0233 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
u.u G.O 0.0 0.0 0.0
ti.Jkll 0.4010 0.4725 0.5361 0 5931 0.6440 0.6890 0.7291
Ir .7046 0 7964 0 .H256 0.0506 0. €3733 0.9120 0 9435 0 9691
lJ.9YO4
il.a
u .31iPIl
.
1 0076
0 0
0 37br)
1.0443
0.0
0.4397
0.0
0.0
0.4962
0.0
0.0
0.5475
0.0
0 5942
0.0
0.6362
0.0
0 6742
iJ.7 0 8 6 0.74UO 0.7687 0.7945 0.8178 0 8592 0 A933 0.9218
0 .')4b2 0 9666 1.0074 1.0317 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
U.Li 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
u ,2975 0.3579 0.4136 0. Q 6 4 6 0.5114 0 5540 0.5933 0.6291
0. bb22 0 e6925 0.7206 0.7463 0 7696 0.8122 0 8478 0. A784
U.Yb4b 0.9271, 0 9723 1.0033 1.0295 0.0 0.0 0.0
c)..
O.b 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
u rt;UY 1) 3424 0.3926 0.4388 0.4814 0.5210 0.5579 0.5921
b23U
U. 0 6 6 2
d.U
0.
0 -6524
0.0
R9U3
0 b794
0.93RO
0.0
0.7043
0.9751
0.0
0 7278
1.0024
0.0
0 7699
1 0249
n.
0.0
8067 0 A382
0.0
0.2B06
u. 5ti99
0 3295
0.6176
0.3750
11.6439
0.4171
0.6680
fl. 4567 0.4936 0.5278 0.5597
0 6909 0 7327 0.7692 0.8016
J.cl3UZ 0.9553 0.9075 0.9471 0.9769 1.0013 1.0202 1 0378
0.u 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0. 2737 0.3182 0.3599 0.3989 0 4355 0 4698 0.5024 0 5326
0 . bbO7 0 Sa77 0.6129 0.6366 0 6592 0 6996 0.7358 0 7682
G . 7976 0.8235 0.8773 0.9193 0.9521 0 9783 0.9993 1.0179
1. U 4 b l 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2591 0 . 2958 0 3304 0,3631 0 3940 0 4237 0.4518 0 4780
0.5033 0 5276 0 5502 0.5719 0 5927 0.6310 0 e 6661 0 6973
0.7264 0 7527 9.8097 0.8554 0 8930 0 9236 0.9489 0.9701
1 UU39 1.0281 1 0455 0.0 0.0
i).r475 0 27d6 0.3081 0.3364 0.3637 n. 3893 0.4141 0 4377
.
0.4602
u ubd7
0 9638
O.lrBA8
0 6943
0 e9929
0.5024
0.7516
1.01U8
0.5228
0.7992
1.0332
0.5413
0.8390
0.0
0 5773
0 e8728
0.6106
0.9010
0.6409
0.9252
0 .L37d 0.2648 0 2908 0.3156 0 m 3396 0 3625 0 3845 0 -4061

U .426b 0.4461 0.4652 0. Q 0 3 3 0,5011 0.5342 0 5654 0 5943
93
TABLE CIII. (Concluded)
0 6462 0 7026 0 7505 0.7910 0 8261 0 8563 0 R832

0 9589 0 9846 1 0057 1.0212
0 2535 0-2767 0.2988 0 3203 0.3411 0.3610 0.3803
0.4173 0 4344 0.4513 0 4681 0-4989 0 5284 0 5555
0.6055 0.6602 0 a7078 0 7487 0 7840 0.8157 0 8434
0.9261 0 9549 0 9786 0.9971
0.2440 0 2647 0.2049 0 3043 0 3231 0.3415 0 3593
0 3933 0.4091 0.4253 0.4403 0 4691 0 4966 0.5233
0 5706 0 6233 0.6704 0.7109 0 7466 0 7705 0 8070
0. A 9 4 1 0-9257 0.9519 0 9729
0.2357 0.2546 0.2729 0 2908 0.3081 0 3249 0.3414
0 m 3729 0 3878 0 4025 0 416d 0 4443 0 m 4699 0 4946
0 54U5 0.5915 0.6366 0 6771 0.7127 0 7452 0.7740
0 8640 0 8977 0.9256 0 9486
0.2221 0 23A2 0 2538 0 2691 0 2841 0 2987 0.3127
0.34d3 0 3533 0 3666 0 3790 0.4034 0-4266 0 e4491
0.4910 0.5384 0.5612 0 6193 0 e6550 0 6863 0.7154
0 8083 0.8448 0.8753 0.9014
0.2112 0.2252 0.2308 0 2522 0.2655 0 2782 0 2907
0.3152 0.3268 0.3384 0.3497 0 3719 0.3931 0.4133
0 4510 0.4957 0.5361 0 5725 0.6063 0 6372 0 e 6659
0.7595 0.7968 0 8295 0 8573
0.2022 0.2146 0.2267 0 2387 0 2504 0.3618 0 e 2730
0.2951 0,3056 0 3162 0 3263 0 3464 0 3659 0 3845
G -42dO 3.4606 0.'+984 0 5340 0 5658 0.5958 0 6230
0 7163 0,7542 0.7878 0.9171
0.1946 0.2057 0.2167 0 2273 0 2379 0.2Q83 0.2585
0 2785 0.2883 0.2977 0.3071 0 3254 0.3432 0 3603
0 3934 0.4317 0.4671 0.5005 0.5310 0.5602 0.5869
0 6783 0.7164 0.7499 0 7799
0 1880 0.1981 0.2081 0.2178 0 2274 0.2370 0 2464
0 2645 0,2734 0-2825 0 2911 0 3079 0 3246 0 3403
0.3759 0.4070 0.4405 0 4722 0.5018 0 5293 0 5556
O.S4'+4 0.6823 0.7159 0 7461
1-1.1749 0.183d 0.1912 0.1991 0.2072 0.2148 0 2227
I).2377 0.2452 0 2525 0 2597 0.2740 0 2880 0 3017
U ,3279 0.3588 0 3886 0 4164 0 4425 0 4672 0.4915
0 5749 0.6113 0 6442 0 6740
0 1647 0.1716 0 1785 0.1854 0 1920 0 1987 0.2052
0.2182 0.2245 0.2308 0 2373 0 2494 0 2614 0.2732
0 2961 0.3240 0.3497 0 37V5 0 3986 0.4213 0 4632
0.5209 0 5550 0 5867 0 6156
94
APPENDIX D. COMPUTER PROGRAM
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
t,
1i INPUT
The order of input into the computer is shown in Figure D l .
END OF FILE CARD,
CASE DATA CARDS
ANENT DATA CARDS
DATA READ CONTROL CARDS
RAM,FORTRAN SUB-
PROGRAMS AND THEIR CONTROL CARDS
FIGURE D l . ORDER O F INPUT
The system control cards, Fortran main program and subprograms, data
read control cards, and semi-permanent data-are listed in Appendix C . The
semi-permanent data are data arrays used to determine the reduced shell
moduli for cylinders with local buckling.
95
The input format for thecase data cards is shown in Table DI.
TAB .E DI. INPUT FORMAT
Card No. Format Data to be Read In
i8A4 MAT
8Ei0.0 E, ES, ER, G, GS,GR,QMU,BS
8Ei0.0 CS,QLS, AS, QIXS, QIZS, QJS, H, BR
8Ei0.0 CR, QU,AR, QTYR, QIZR, QJR, R, QL
2Ei0.0, 612 T, PP, M i , MM, N i , NN, NTYPE,NFAIL
All of the data input terms are defined by Table CII, the Definition of
Symbols o r Table DII.
TABLE DII. COMPUTER PROGRAM INPUT SYMBOL TABLE

~~~~ ~ ~. ~~
~~~
- -~
Symbol Definition
MAT Case title

Mi Lowest value of ( m ) considered
MM Highest value of ( m ) considered
Ni Lowest value of (n) considered
NN Highest value of (n) considered
NTYPE Type of cylinder
NTYPE = 1; cylinder with rings and stringers
NTYPE = 2 ; cylinder with stringers only
NTYPE = 3; cylinder with rings only
NTYPE = 4; isotropic core sandwich cylinder
NTYPE = 5; isotropic core sandwich cylinder with rings
NTYPE = 6; open corrugated cylinder
NTYPE = 7; open corrugated cylinder with rings
NFAIL Type of failure examined
NFAIL = 1; general instability
NFAIL = 2; panel instability
96
The minimum value of M i is ( M I = I ) , and the minimum value of Ni is
(NI = 0) , axisymmetric buckling. The range of wave shapes considered should
be large enough s o that the lowest buckling loadis definitely within the range.
Any number of case data sets may run one after the other. The end of file card
is used to end the program.
OUTPUT
F o r all NTYPE's the program prints the input data and the buckling load
for each mode shape considered. The program then gives the minimum buckling
load mode shape, of those considered, and the buckling load for this mode shape.
This completes the output for NTYPE's 4, 6, and 7, whichhave no rings o r .
stringers.
For NTYPE's 3 and 5, which have rings only, the program recalculates
and prints the buckling load at the minimum load mode shape. This recalcula-
tion is performed using the more exact ring restraint terms. This completes
the output for NTYPE's 3 and 5.
F o r I and 2, which have stringers, the program checks to see if the

minimum buckling load is above o r below the local buckling load. If it is
below, the program recalculates the minimum buckling load for NTYPE i and
ends for NTYPE 2. If, for NTYPE's I and 2, the minimum buckling load is
above the local buckling load, the program recalculates and prints the buckling
load for all mode shapes having buckling loads within 20 percent of the minimum
buckling load. In this recalculation the shell stiffnesses are reduced to account
for local buckling, and the more exact ring restraint terms are used. The
program then prints the minimum buckling load of those re-examined and its
mode shape. This completes the output for NTYPE's i and 2.
Figures D2 and D3 show the program output for two sample cases.
Case I has rings, stringers, and local buckling. Case 2 has rings only.
97
GENEKAL I N S T A B I L I T Y OF E C C E N T R I C A L L Y STIFFENED C Y L I N D R I C A L
SHELLS UNUER A X I A LC B M P R E S S I B N AND LATERAL PRESSURE
C Y L I N D E R N0. 1
I N P U T CATA
I/////////
E = 10.50E 06 ES = 10o50E
06 ER = 10050E 06
G = 4.00E 06 GS = 4.00E 06 GR = 4.00E 06
CMU = 3.200E-01 BS = 0o000E-39 cs = 2.420E-0 1
QLS = 2.480E GO AS = 3o8COE-02 CIXS = 17,7000E-04
CIZS = 00.0000E-40 QJS = 22.6000E-06 H = OO.O(rOE-40
t3R = . -29.000E-02 CR = -24.800E-02 CLR = 60.000E-01
AR = 44.600E-03 QIYR = 20.3000E-04 QIZR = 38.80006-04
QJR = 24.5000E-04 R = 38.60CE 00 CL = 72,000E 00
T = 19.900E-03 PP = 00.OCOE-40
M1 = 1 MM = 10 N1 = 0 NN = 1 5
NTYPF = 1 NFAIL = 1
FIGURE D2. SAMPLECASE NO. 1
98
OUTPUT D A T A
/ / / / / / / / / / I
M N AXIAL L3AD/I?ICH M N AXI4L LeAD/INCH
1 0 791 66.8 1 1 32181.4
2 0 25830, 9 2 1 li367Sa3
3 0 11471. 2 3 1 10032mi3
4 0 6562.6 4 1 6122 a 9
5 0 4431.6 5 1 4266 6
4 0 3425.3 5 1 334e w 3
7 r) 2974, 4 7 1 293e.2
9 0 2847-7 8 1 2527.7
9 0 29251 8 9 1 2914 w9
LO 0 31 50.8 10 1 3144 9
1
2
2
2
-1
L
3
3
3 2 3 3
4 2 4 3
-
3 2 5 -9
3
5 2 5 3
7 2 7 3
i3 2 8 3
9 2 9 3
2 10 1
LO d
1 4 2781.6 1 5
2 4 3749.0 2 5
3 4 3613.1 3 5
4 4 3189.9 4 5
5 4 2821. 5 5 5
5 4 2500-4 4 5
7 4 2533.1 7 5
3 4 2602.5 8 5
9 4 2788.7 9 5
10 4 3075, 1 10 5
1 6 1 7 450402
2 6 2 7 2141 w 1
3 5 3 7 1937. i
4 5 4 7 1926.3
5 6
..
5 7 1961.2
6 6 6 7 2043 w 4
7 6 7 7 2184.9
8 6 8 7 2392.7
9 6 9 7 2669 2
10 6 LO 7 3013.9
FIGURE D2. (Continued)

90
1 S 1 9 11304.6
2 8 2 9 346% 7
3 8 ?, 9 2245.4
4 R 4 9 1946.4
5 8 5 9 1907.1
6 8 5 9 1986.7
7 R 7 9 2147-8
?3 8 8 9 237E-R
9 a 9 9 2675 . 3 5
:0 s 10 9 3C35.6
1 10 1 11 24916.4
2 10 2 11 672831
3 10 3 11 3553.5
4 10 4 11 259C.6
5 10 5 11 227C.7
4 10 6 11 221S.6
7 10 7 11 2316. 5
3 10 9 11 2514.7
9 10 9 11 27% 9
10 10 !,o 11 314?..7
1 12 35239.4 1 13 4a51c.1
2 12 9275.8 2 13 12575.4
3 12 4646. 6 I! 13 608732
4 12 3176.4 4 13 3966.1
5 12 2629.8 5 13 3121.5
6 12 2460, a 4 13 2797 7 8
7 12 2492.4 7 13 2735.3
3 12 2651.9 8 13 284? 3
9 12 2906.6 9 13 306159
12
10 3240.1 io 13 337c. 3
1 14 6523199 1 15 95947.5
2 14 ~ 7 4 %5 2 15 21928,l
3 14 7926.1 3 i5 1022c.o
4 14 4986.7 4 15 626e.8
5 14 3766.5 5 15 4582.1
4 14 3242.0 6 15 3906 7
7 14 3065. 9 7 15 3482.1
3 14 3096.0 9 15 3417.7
9 14 3265.7 9 15 3524.0
10 14 3540. 6 10 15 3754.5
100
T HMEI N I M UA
MX I ALLn A D I N THE ABaVE
RANG5 I S 1860.3 LRS/IN
.AT M = 4 AND N = 8
THE
FBLLaWIYG C A S E S HAVE B E E N C H E C K E D F 0 R LBCAL
BUCKLING
M '4 AXIAL
L'dAC)/IKCH REDUCED A X I A LL L ' A C / I N C H
1 5 2293.9 L482.6
2 6 2114.9 1244.4
2 6 2156.4 1191.9
4
- 5 2153.3 123a.a
D 5, 2140-9 1323.2
6 5 2170.6 1444.7
7 6 2268.4 1599.2
2 7 2141.1 1494. '3
3 7 1937,1 1213.2
4 7 1926.3 1206.5
5 7 1961.2 1279.1
5 7 2043.4 1398.9
7 7 2184.9 1560.3
3 s 1972.0 2394.3
4 9 1960.3 1271'.3
5 Y 1883.9 1392.5
6 a 1981B2 1409.2
7 3 2143.2 1565.5
3 3 2245.4 1756.2
4 9 1946.4 1446.7
5 9 1907.1 1403.0
5 9 1986.7 2473.d
7 9 2147.8 1512.9
4 10 2186.3 1745.7
5 10 2033.7 1584.4
5 10 2064.2 1597.5
7 10 2203.8 1705.4
3 11 2270.7 la61.1
6 11 2219.6 1788.5
7 1: 2315.5 1348.4
THE M I q I M U M A X I A L LmAD I N T H E A f l B U Z RANGE 1 s 1191.9 LRS/IN

AT M = 3 AND N = 6
T H F T B T AALX I ALLQ A D I S Ce2891E C6 L H S
FIGURE D2. ( Concluded)
io1
GENERAL I N S T A B I L I T Y OF E C C E N T R I C A L L YS T I F F E N E D CYLINDRICAL
SHELLS
UNCER A X I A L C B P P R E S S l B N AND LATERAL PRESSURE
C Y L I N D E R Ng. 2
I N P U T DATA
//////////
E = 10.60E 06 ES = 10.60E 06 ER = 10.60E 06
G = 4.00E 06 GS = 4.00E 06 GR = -4.OOE 06
QYU = 3.250E-01 RS = 0 OCOE-39 cs = 0, COOE-3 9
QLS = 1.000E 02 AS = Oo000E-39 QIXS = 00.0000E-40
QIZS = OO.0000E-40 QJS = 00.0000E-40 H = 00.000E-40
RR = 32.450E-03 CR = 32.450E-03 QLR = 13.300E-.02
AR = 19.634E-04 QIYR = 15eCOOOE-08. QIZR = 00.0000E-40
CJR = 00.0000E-40 R = 12.230E 00 QL = 1 5 . 5 0 0 ~ 00
T = 34.600E-03 PP = 00.000E-40
K1 = 1 M M = 20 N l = 0 NU = 9
NTYPE = 3 NFAIL = 1
FIGURE D3. SAMPLE CASE NO. 2
102
BUTPUT DATA
/////I/////
!
H N AX I A L L0AD/ I N C H M N A X I A L LBAD/INCH
1 0 83293.0 1 1 46133.3
2 0 2 11 82.6 2 1 18488.3
3 0 9450.9 3 1 8926.e4
4 0 5339.1 4 1 5177.5
5 0 3443 2 5 1 3379.3
6 0 2422 9 6 1 2393.6
7 0 1818.2 7 1 1803.4
8 0 1436.7 8 1 1428.7
9 0 1186.4 9 1 1181.9
10 0 1018.8 10 1 1016.3
11 0 906.4 11 1 905 1
12 0 832.8 12 1 832.2
13 0 787.4 13 1 787.2
14 0 763.5 14 1 763.6
15 0 756.3 15 1 756.5
16 0 762.6 16 1 763. C
17 0 780.1 17 1 780.6
18 0 807.1 18 1 807.6
19 0 842.4 19 1 842 9
20 0 804.9 2c. 1 885.5
1 2 202 12.2 1 3 9070.1

2 2 13308.0 2 3 8848.0
3 2 7635.4 3 3 6110.4
4 2 4743.4 4 3 4153.6
5 2 3200.8 5 3 2940.7
6 2 2309.8 6 3 2182.8
7 2 1760.4 7 3 1693.8
8 2 1405.4 8 3 1368.8
9 2 1169.0 9 3 114~1.4
10 2 1009. 1 10 3 997.6
11 2 901.3 11 3 .895.1
12 2 830.4 12 3 827m.5
13 2 786.7 13 3 786.C
14 2 763.9 14 3 764.5
15 2
16
17
2
2
757.4
764.2
782.0
15
16
17
3
3
3
758.9
766 3
784.5
.
18 2 809.3 18 3 812.1
19 2 844.7 19 3 847.7
20 2 887.4 20 3 890.5
FIGURE D3. ( Continued)
103
1 4 4366.1 1 5 2311.0
2 4 5775.1 2 5 3805.5
3 4 4717.6 3 5 3591.2
4 4 3525.2 4 5 2937.3
5 4 2638.5 5 5 2329.1
6 4 2027.6 6 5 1859.3
7 4 1609.8 "
7 5
"
1515.4
8 4 1321.8 8 5 1267.6
9 4 1121.6 9 5 1090.4
10 4 982.5 1C 5 964:; Q
11 4 887.1 11 5 877.8
12 4 823.9 12 5 819.8
13 4 785.1 13 5 784.4
14 4 765.5 14 5 767.0
15
16
17
4
4
4
761.1
769.3
788.1
15
16
17
5
.5
5
.
764.1
773 3
792.7
18 4 816.0 18 5 821.1
19 4 851.8 19 5 857.3
20 4 894.8 2c 5 900.4
1 6 1410.4 1 7 1082.3
2 6 2573.0 2 7 1814.0
3
4
5
6
6
6
.
2735.0
2428 2
2036.6
3
4
5
7
7.
7
2106.9
2008.6
1775.1
6 h 1690.7 6 7 1531.1
7 6 1616.9 7 7 1320.1
8 6 12 09.7 8 7 1151.3
9 6 1056.5 9 7 1022.9
10 6 945.7 10 7 926.0
11 6 867.8 11 7 85707
12 6 815.6 12 7 811.8
13 6 784.1 13 7 784.4
14 6 769.2 14 7 772.3
15 6 768.0 15 7
16
17
6
6
778.3
798.6
16
17
7
7
.
772.9
784 6
805 7
18 6 827.5 18 7 835.2
19 6 864.0 19 7 872.1
20 6 907.4 20 7 915.8
104
1 8 1100.0 1 9 1382.0
8 2 ,1364.0 2 9 1126.4
3 8 1659. 1 3 9 1352.0
4 R 1675 1 4 Y 1419.2
5 8 1550.9 5 9 1365.7
6 8 1386.7 6 9 1 2 6 1- 1
7 s 1229, 1 7 9 1147.2
8
9
10
8
8
8
1095. 1
988.2
907.0
R
9
1c
9
9
9
1043.4
957 c.
889.6
11 8 848.3 11 9 840.2
12 R 808.8 12 9 807.1
13 8 785.7 13 9 788.3
14 8 776.5 14 Y 782. 1
15 R 779.2 15 9 786.8
16 8 792.2 16 9 801.2
17 a 814.2 17 9 824.2
18 8 844.3 le 9 855.C
19 8 881.7 19 9 892 8
20 8 925.7 20 Y 937.c
THE M I N I M U M A X I A L L Z A D I N THE A B Z V E RA"IGE I S 756.3 LBS/IN

AT M = 1 5 A K D N = 0
THE M I N I M U M A X I A L LClAD IFJ THE A R M V E R4WGE AFTER C B R R E C T I B N

F 0 R R I N G KESTRAINT IS 756.3 L B S I I N
THE TOTAL A X I A L LBAC IS 58113. LBS
FIGURE D3. ( Concluded)

REFERENCES
1. Becker, H. : Handbook of Structural Stability. Part VI: Strength of

Stiffened Curved Plates and Shells. NACA TN-3786,1958.
2. Becker, H. : General Instability of Stiffened Cylinders. NACA TN-4237,

1958.
3. Van d e r Neut, A . : The General Instability of Stiffened Cylindrical

Shells Under Axial Compression. Rep. S 314, National' Aeronautical
Research Institute, Amsterdam; Reports and Transactions , vol. XIII,
1947, pp. S57-S84.
4. Kendricks, S. : The Buckling, Under External Pressure, of Circular

Cylindrical Shells with Evenly Spaced, Equal Strength Circular Ring
F r a m e s . Part I,N.C.R.E/R. 211, February 1953.
5. Bodner, S. R . , and Shaw, F. S. : On the Investigation of the General

Instability of Reinforced Cylindrical Shells by Energy Methods. PIBAL
Report No.238, January 1954.
6. Baruch, M. , and Singer, J. : Effect of Eccentricity of Stiffeners on

the General Instability of Cylindrical Shells under Hydrostatic Pressure.
J. Mech.Eng.Sci. , vol. 5, no. 1, March 1963, pp. 23-27.
7. Block,D.L. , Card, J. F. , and Mikulas, M. M. , Jr. : Buckling of

Eccentrically Stiffened Orthotropic Cylinders. NASA T N D-2960,
August 1965.
8. Hedgepeth, J. M. , and Hall, D. B. : The Stability of Stiffened Cilinders.

ER 13731, Space Systems Division, Martin Co. , Baltimore, Md. ,
December 1964.
9. Jones, R. M. , and Card, M. F. : Experimental and Theoretical Results

f o r Buckling of Eccentrically Stiffened Cylinders. NASA TN D-3639,
October 1966.
10. Card, M. F. : Preliminary Results of Compression Tests on Cylinders

with Eccentric Longitudinal Stiffeners. NASA TM-X-1004, September
1964.
106
REFERENCES (Continued)
11. Dickson, J. N. , and Brolliar, R. H. : The General Instability of Ring-

Stiffened Corrugated Cylinders Under Axial Compression.. NASA TN
D-3089, January 1966. , ,.
12. Card, M. F. : Bending Tests of Large-Diameter Stiffened Cylinders

Susceptible to General. Instability. NASA TN D-2200, April 1964.
13. Stein, M. , and Mayers, J. : Compressive Buckling of Simply Supported

Curved Plates and Cylinders of Sandwich Construction. NACA TN 2601,
1952.
14. Peterson, J. P . , Whitley,R. O . , andDeaton, J. W. : Structural

Behavior and Compressive Strength of Circular Cylinders with Longi-
tudinalStiffening. NASA TND-1251, 1962.
15. Timoshenko, S. P . , and Gere, J. M. : Theory of Elastic Stability.

McGraw-Hill Book C o . , New York, 1961.
16. Fliigge, W. : StressesinShells.Springer-Verlag,Berlin,1960.
17. Becker, H. , Gerard, G. , and Winters, R. : Experiments on Axial

Compressive General Instability of Monolithic Circumferential
Stiffened Circular Cylindrical Shells. New York University Technical
Report SM 62-5, May 1962.
18. Milligan, R . , G e r a l d , G . , Lakshmikanthan,C.,andBecker, H. :

Axial Compression, Torsion and Hydrostatic Pressure Loadings.
Technical Report AFFDL TR 65 161, p a r t I, July 1965.
19. Van d e r Neut, A. : General Instability of Orthogonally Stiffened Cylin-

drical Shells. Collected Papers on Instability of Shell Structures - 1962.
NASA TN-D-1510, 1962,pp. 309-321.
20. Almroth, B. 0. : Buckling of Orthotropic Cylinders Under Axial

Compression. LMSC-6-90-63-65, Lockheed Missile and Space Co. ,
Sunnyvale,Calif,, June 1963.
REFERENCES (Concluded)
21. Van d e r Neut, A. : ThePost-BucklingStiffness of RectangularSimply

Supported Plates. Report VTH-ii3, Technische Hogeschool, Delft.,
Netherlands , October i 962.
22. Koiter, W. T. : HetSchuifplooiveld by GroteOverschrydingen,

van de Knikspanning. Report S 295, National Aeronautical Research
Institute,Amsterdam, 1944.
i 08 NASA-Langley, I968 - 32 M352

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N A S A CONTRACTOR

LOAN COPY: RETURN TO

THE GENERAL INSTABILITY

by John N.Dickson und Richurd H. Brolliar

DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

By David H. Cheng and Jacques E. Benveniste

Distribution of this. report is provided in the interest of

Prepared under Grant No. NGR 33-013-011 by

This report summarizes recent analytical results on t h e subject of

Responses of structural elements to a unit impulse and to a unit force

Based on the results due to such idealized boom signatures as sine

2. ForcesandMomentsActing on ShellElement ........... 5

3. ExternalForcesActing onShellElement .............. 10

4. ForcesandMomentsActing on Stringer. .............. 12

5. ForcesandMomentsActing on theRing. .............. 15

6. Buckling Load Versus Mode Shape .................. 24

7. Longitudinal CrossSection of Cylinder Wall ............ 26

Ai. LocalBucklingPattern .......................... 36

A2. s Versus e e forLargeStrains ( a ) andSmall

A3. s Versus ee for Large Strains ( a ) andSmall

A4. p Versus ee for Large Strains ( a ) andSmall

A5. p Versus e e forLargeStrains ( a ) andSmall

A6. emus e e forLargeStrains (a) andSmall

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Concluded)

Bi . Deflection of CylinderBetweenRings ................ 52

B 2. Equilibrium of SmallElement . ................... 52

ci . ComputerProgram Flow Chart .................... 55

Dl. Order of Input ................................ 95

D3 . SampleCase No . 2 ............................ 102

I1. Ring-Stiffened CorrugatedCylinders. Axial Load ........ 28

III. Effect of RingEccentricity ....................... 29

IV . RingandStringerStiffenedCylinders.Bending Load ...... 31

CI. List of ComputerProgramSubroutines ............... 64

CII . ComparisonBetweenTextandProgramNotation ......... 66

DII . ComputerProgram InputSymbolTable ............... 96

Distance from skin centerline to neutral axis of ring and

Normalized strain in shell in x and y directions, respectively

e Normalized shear strain in shell

f Amplitude of local buckling wave, defined by Figure A i

n Number of circumferential waves

P Lateral pressure on cylinder (internal pressure positive)

Lateral load per unit area acting on ring

Pressure matrix coefficients

Buckling load per unit of length of circumference, measured

Local buckling load per unit of length of circumference

Axial load acting on stringerper unit of length of circumference

q’ Axial load acting on shell elementper unit of length of

Buckling load matrix coefficients

Normalized stress in shell in x and y directions, respectively

Normalized shear stress in shell

Shell thickness; facesheet thickness for sandwich shells;

Displacement of cylinder at shell centerline in the x, y, and z

u v w Displacement of ring centroid in the x, y, and z directions,

u v w Displacement of stringer centroid in the x, y, and z directions,

D D Bending stiffness of shell in longitudinal and circumferential

H Distance between facesheet centerlines for sandwich shells

I Moment of inertia of the ring about a longitudinal line through

I Moment of inertia of the ring about a radial line through the

I Moment of inertia of stringer about a tangential line through its