EQ3 Architectural and Planning Aspects
EQ3 Architectural and Planning Aspects
EQ3 Architectural and Planning Aspects
PLANNING ASPECTS
Dr. G. P. Chandradhara
Professor of Civil Engineering
S. J. College of Engineering
Mysore- 570 006
E mail : [email protected]
Mobile: 094482 46425
PERFORMANCE OF STRUCTURES
DURING EARTHQUAKES
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PERFORMANCE OF STRUCTURES
DURING EARTHQUAKES
The seismic analysis and design alone do not
ensure good performance of the structure during
earthquakes. The building planning should also
conform to the principles of earthquake resistant
configuration
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What will Architects Do
Develop Innovative
ideas in creating
Architecturally
Impressive
buildings
Montreal’s Expo World’ Fair were 354 individual pre-cast concrete units were inter-
connected with post-tensioning cables, grouped into 158 apartments.
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What will Architects Do
(Unsymmetrical in Plan and Elevation)
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WHAT WILL EARTHQUAKE ENGINEER DO?
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Indian Standards For Earthquake Design
IS 1893 (Part I), 2002, Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake
Resistant Design of Structures (5th Revision)
IS 13920, 1993, Indian Standard Code of Practice for Ductile Detailing
of Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected to Seismic Forces
IS 13935, 1993, Indian Standard Guidelines for Repair and
Seismic Strengthening of Buildings
IS 4326, 1993, Indian Standard Code of Practice for Earthquake
Resistant Design and Construction of Buildings (2nd Revision)
SP: 22 –Explanatory Handbook On Codes For Earthquake Engineering
IS 13827, 1993, Indian Standard Guidelines for Improving Earthquake
Resistance of Earthen Buildings
IS 13828, 1993, Indian Standard Guidelines for Improving Earthquake
Resistance of Low Strength Masonry Buildings
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Different Parts of IS:1893-2002
Part Description
Part 1 General Provisions and Buildings
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BUILDING CONFIGURATION
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BUILDING CONFIGURATION
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BUILDING CONFIGURATION PROBLEMS
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CHOICE OF METHOD FOR MULTISTORIED BUILDING
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FOUR VIRTUES OF EARTHQUAKE
RESISTANT BUILDINGS
Strength
Stiffness
Ductility
Configuration
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IMPORTANCE
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VERTICAL IRREGULARITIES
VERTICAL IRREGULARITIES
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Type 1: Stiffness Irregularities
Soft story
◦ Architectural
considerations
Taller first story RC columns RC beams
Unreinforced infill in upper stories
Completely open ground story Infill
◦ Soft Story
Stiffness related
Lateral stiffness of adjacent stories
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Example
◦ Stilts (open ground storey)
Used as parking lots, garages
Apartments & commercial buildings
Prevalent in many countries like India,
Iran Turkey, etc.
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Soft Story RC Frames …
Seismic performance
◦ Under lateral loads
Excessive story deformation
Shear failure of columns
Excessive
deformation
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Type 1: Stiffness Irregularities
1a - Soft Story
◦ the lateral stiffness is less than
70% of that in the story above or
less than 80% of the average
stiffness of the three stories
above.
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Soft Storey Collapse
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Soft Storey
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Where is ground storey? (BHUJ, 2001)
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Ground Storey Collapse of a 4-Storey Olive View Hospital, which nearly Collapsed due
Building with Open Ground Storey at Bhuj to Excessive Deformation in the First Two
Storeys during the 1972 San Fernando
Earthquake
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AVOID SOFT STOREY GROUND FLOORS
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AVOID SOFT STOREY UPPER FLOORS
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Soft mid storey failure
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What happened to the upper floors (Turkey 1999))
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Type 2: Weight (Mass) Irregularity
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Heavy load at Top
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Short column
failure due to
insufficient
transverse
reinforcement
Krishna Aparments,
Airport Road, Bhuj
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Type 3:Vertical Geometry Irregularity
Vertical geometry
irregularity shall be
considered to exist
when the Maximum
horizontal projection
exceeds
15 to 20% of the Base
width.
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Stress
concentration
& change in
the stiffness
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Crushing of corner
column
Building – Insufficient
reinforcement :Tera
Nam Mandir, Main
Road, Bhuj
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Type 4: In-Plane Discontinuity in Vertical Lateral Force
Resisting Elements
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Type 5: Discontinuity in Capacity - Weak Story
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Weak & soft story
◦ Weak story
Strength related
Lateral strengths of adjacent stories
◦ Soft Story
Stiffness related
Lateral stiffness of adjacent stories
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Plan Structural Irregularities
Building Configuration
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L shaped Building
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L – Shape in Plan / Elevation ?
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Plan Structural Irregularities
Seismic behaviour of irregular shaped plans
differs from regular shapes because the first can
be subjected to their asymmetry and/or can
present local deformations due to the presence
of re-entrant corners or excessive openings. Both
effects give origin to undesired stress
concentrations in some resisting members of the
building
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Plan Structural Irregularities
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Plan Structural Irregularities
1-Torsional Irregularity
2 - Re-entrant Corners
3 - Diaphragm Discontinuity
4 - Out-of-plane Offsets
5 - Nonparallel Systems
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PLAN IRREGULARITIES
Non-parallel Systems
Diaphragm Discontinuity
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Type 1: Torsional Irregularities
1a - Torsional Irregularity
◦ larger story drift more than 1.2 times
average story drift
1b - Extreme Torsional Irregularity
◦ larger story drift more than 1.4 times
average story drift
Design forces for lateral force
connections to be increased
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Torsion of unsymmetrical Plans
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Improper
Proper
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Torsion of Buildings on Sloping Ground
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Torsion Analysis
The analysis must take into account any torsional effects resulting
from the location of the masses relative to the centers of
resistance.
In addition to the predicted torsion, accidental torsion must be
applied for structures with rigid diaphragms by assuming the
center of mass at each level is moved from its actual location a
distance equal to 5% the building dimension perpendicular to the
direction of motion.
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Type 2: Re-entrant Corners
Both projections beyond the corner are
more than 15% of the plan dimension of
the structure in the same direction
Un-symmetrical Plans
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Guidelines for Planning
B
Separation
PLANS
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Definition of Irregularity as per IS 1893
A should be small
If L =100 m , A can be max of 15 m
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ROLE OF FLOOR
When beams bend in vert
direction during earthquake
the thin slabs move along
with them (fig) & when beams
move with columns in horz
direction the slab forces the
beams to move together with
it
In most buildings the
geometric distortion of slab is
negligible in the horizontal
plane; this behavior is known
as rigid diaphragm action .
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Type 3: Diaphragm Discontinuities
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Type 4: Out-of-Plane Offsets
Discontinuities in a lateral
force resistance path, such as
out-of-plane offsets of the
vertical elements.
Design forces for lateral
force connections to be
increased
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Type 5: Nonparallel Systems
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General Guidelines for Planning
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Regular and Irregular Configurations
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