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Class Notes on Black Holes
Black holes are regions in space where the gravitational pull is so
strong that not even light can escape. They are formed when massive stars collapse under their own gravity at the end of their life cycles. There are three main types of black holes: stellar, supermassive, and intermediate. Stellar black holes form from the remnants of massive stars that have exploded in supernovae. Supermassive black holes, which can have masses equivalent to billions of suns, are found at the centers of most galaxies, including our Milky Way. Intermediate black holes are a theoretical class, thought to form in regions with dense star clusters where stars collide and merge. The boundary around a black hole beyond which nothing can escape is called the event horizon. The size of the event horizon is proportional to the mass of the black hole. Inside the event horizon lies the singularity, a point of infinite density where space and time are thought to cease. Black holes can also emit radiation, known as Hawking radiation, due to quantum effects near the event horizon. This radiation can cause black holes to lose mass and potentially evaporate over time. Despite their mysterious nature, black holes play a crucial role in the dynamics and evolution of galaxies.