Black Holes

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Class Notes on Black Holes

Black holes are regions in space where the gravitational pull is so


strong that not even light can escape. They are formed when
massive stars collapse under their own gravity at the end of their life
cycles. There are three main types of black holes: stellar,
supermassive, and intermediate. Stellar black holes form from the
remnants of massive stars that have exploded in supernovae.
Supermassive black holes, which can have masses equivalent to
billions of suns, are found at the centers of most galaxies, including
our Milky Way. Intermediate black holes are a theoretical class,
thought to form in regions with dense star clusters where stars
collide and merge. The boundary around a black hole beyond which
nothing can escape is called the event horizon. The size of the event
horizon is proportional to the mass of the black hole. Inside the
event horizon lies the singularity, a point of infinite density where
space and time are thought to cease. Black holes can also emit
radiation, known as Hawking radiation, due to quantum effects near
the event horizon. This radiation can cause black holes to lose mass
and potentially evaporate over time. Despite their mysterious nature,
black holes play a crucial role in the dynamics and evolution of
galaxies.

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