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    Alkaloidal Drug

    Uploaded by

    Neha Hazra

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Alkaloidal Drug

    Uploaded by

    Neha Hazra
    3 views10 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    3 views10 pages

    Alkaloidal Drug

    Uploaded by

    Neha Hazra

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 10

    Alkaloids

    Vinca, Rauwolfia, Belladonna,


    Opium

    1
    2
    • CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:

    • Contains a large number of Indole alkaloids. Out of


    them 20 are Dimeric Indole - dihydroindole alkaloids

    • Among which VINCRISTINE and VINBLASTINE are most


    significant.

    • About 90 alkaloids have been isolated from vinca from


    which some like ajmalicine, serpentine and
    tetrahydroalstonine.

    • Vindoline and catharanthine are indole monomeric


    alkaloids. It also contains monoterpenes, sesquiterpene,
    indole and indoline glycoside.
    3
    • Uses
    • Vinblastin is an anti-tumour alkaloid used in
    the treatment of Hodgkin’s disease.
    • Vincristine is a cytotoxic compound and
    used to treat leukaemia in children.
    • Vinca is used in herbal practice for its
    astringent and tonic properties in
    menorrhagia and in haemorrhages
    generally.
    • For bleeding piles, it may be applied
    externally, as well as taken internally.
    • It is also used in the treatment of diabetes.
    4
    RAUWOLFIA
    • Synonyms : Sarpagandha, Chootachand, Indian snake
    root.
    • Biological Source: Rauwolfia consists of dried roots of
    Benth.,
    • Family : Apocynaceae.
    • Chemical Constituents: Rauwolfia contains about 0.7–
    2.4% total alkaloidal bases from which more than 80
    alkaloids have been isolated.
    • The prominent alkaloids isolated from the drug are
    reserpine,
    rescinnamine and deserpidine.
    • The other alkaloidal components are ajmalinine,
    ajmaline, ajmalicine, serpentine, serpentinine,
    tetrahydroreserpine, raubasine, reserpinine,
    isoajamaline and yohambinine.
    • The other substances present are phytosterols, fatty
    acids, 5
    • Uses
    • Rauwolfia in used as hypnotic, sedative
    and anti-hypertensive.
    • It is specific for insanity, reduces blood
    pressure and cures pain due to affections
    of the bowels.
    • It is given in labours to increase uterine
    contractions and in certain
    neuropsychiatric disorders.
    • Reserpine is an anti-hypertensive and
    tranquilizer.
    6
    Belladonna
    • BIOLOGICAL SOURCE : Belladonna herb
    consists of dried leaves and other aerial
    parts of Atropa belladonna and Atropa
    acuminata.
    • Family: Solanaceae.
    • Chemical constituents: The total alkaloidal
    content of drug is 0.4 to 1% and varies in
    different parts of plant.
    • The main alkaloids are hyoscyamine and
    its racemic form atropine.
    7
    • USES
    parasympatholytic drug with anticholinergic action.

    It is used to reduce the secretions such as sweat, saliva,


    and gastric juice and also to reduce spasm in cases of
    intestinal gripping due to strong purgatives.

    It is also used as an antidote in opium and chloral hydrate


    poisoning

    8
    OPIUM
    • Biological Source: Opium is the air dried milky latex
    obtained by incision from the unripe capsules of
    Linn
    • Family: Papaveraceae.
    • Chemical Constituents: Opium contains about 35
    alkaloids among which morphine (10–16%) is the
    most important base.
    • The alkaloids are combined with meconic acid.
    Morphine contains a phenanthrene nucleus.
    • Opium alkaloids can be subclassified into 3 main
    groups with different basic nuclei:
    • Phenanthrene alkaloids : morphine, thebaine and
    codeine.
    • Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids: papaverine and
    noscapine
    • Phenylethylamine alkaloids: narceine
    9
    • Uses
    • Opium and morphine have narcotic, analgesic
    and sedative action and used to relieve pain,
    diarrhea, dysentery and cough.
    • Poppy capsules are astringent, somniferous,
    soporific, sedative and narcotic and used as
    anodyne and emollient.
    • Codeine is mild sedative and is employed in
    cough mixtures.
    • Noscapine is not narcotic and has cough
    suppressant action acting as a central
    anti-tussive drug.
    • Papaverine has smooth muscle relaxant action
    and is used to cure muscle spasms.
    10

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