Machine Learning

Machine Learning :
Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) and computer science which
focuses on the use of data and algorithms to imitate the way that humans learn, gradually
improving its accuracy.
Machine learning (ML) is a subdomain of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that focuses on
developing systems that learn or improve performance based on the data they ingest.
Artificial Intelligence is a broad word that refers to systems or machines that resemble
human intelligence. Machine Learning and AI are frequently discussed together, and the
terms are occasionally used interchangeably, although they don not signify the same thing. A
crucial distinction is that, while all machine learning is AI, not all AI is machine learning.
Types of Machine Learning :

These ML algorithms help to solve different business problems like Regression,
Classification, Forecasting, Clustering, and Associations, etc.
Based on the methods and way of learning, machine learning is divided into mainly three
types, which are:
1. Supervised Machine Learning

2. Unsupervised Machine Learning
3. Reinforcement Learning
Supervised Learning
Consider yourself as a student sitting in a classroom wherein your teacher is supervising
you, “how you can solve the problem” or “whether you are doing correctly or not”.
Likewise, in Supervised Learning input is provided as a labelled dataset, a model can learn
from it to provide the result of the problem easily.
Types of Problems
Supervised Learning deals with two types of problem- classification
problems and regression problems.
Classification problems
This algorithm helps to predict a discrete value. It can be thought, the input data as a
member of a particular class or group. For instance, taking up the photos of the fruit
dataset, each photo has been labelled as a mango, an apple, etc. Here, the algorithm has
to classify the new images into any of these categories. Examples:
 Naive Bayes Classifier
 Support Vector Machines

 Logistic Regression
Regression problems
These problems are used for continuous data. For example, predicting the price of a piece of
land in a city, given the area, location, number of rooms, etc. And then the input is sent to
the machine for calculating the price of the land according to previous examples. Examples-
 Linear Regression
 Nonlinear Regression
 Bayesian Linear Regression
Unsupervised Learning
This learning algorithm is completely opposite to Supervised Learning. In short, there is no
complete and clean labelled dataset in unsupervised learning. Unsupervised learning is
self-organized learning. Its main aim is to explore the underlying patterns and predicts the
output. Here we basically provide the machine with data and ask to look for hidden
features and cluster the data in a way that makes sense. Example
 K – Means clustering
 Neural Networks
 Principal Component Analysis
Reinforcement Learning
It is neither based on supervised learning nor unsupervised learning. Moreover, here the
algorithms learn to react to an environment on their own. It is rapidly growing and
moreover producing a variety of learning algorithms. These algorithms are useful in the field
of Robotics, Gaming etc.
For a learning agent, there is always a start state and an end state. However, to reach the
end state, there might be a different path. In Reinforcement Learning
Problem an agent tries to manipulate the environment. The agent travels from one state to
another. The agent gets the reward(appreciation) on success but will not receive any
reward or appreciation on failure. In this way, the agent learns from the environment.
Key Differences Between Supervised vs Unsupervised Learning vs

Reinforcement Learning
1. Supervised Learning deals with two main tasks Regression and Classification.
Unsupervised Learning deals with clustering and associative rule mining problems.
Whereas Reinforcement Learning deals with exploitation or exploration, Markov’s
decision processes, Policy Learning, Deep Learning and value learning.
2. Supervised Learning works with the labelled data and here the output data patterns
are known to the system. But, the unsupervised learning deals with unlabeled data
where the output is based on the collection of perceptions. Whereas in
Reinforcement Learning Markov’s Decision process- the agent interacts with the
environment in discrete steps.
3. The name itself says, Supervised Learning is highly supervised. And Unsupervised
Learning is not supervised. As against, Reinforcement Learning is less supervised
which depends on the agent in determining the output.
4. The input data in Supervised Learning is labelled data. Whereas, in Unsupervised
Learning the data is unlabelled. The data is not predefined in Reinforcement
Learning.
5. Supervised Learning predicts based on a class type. Unsupervised Learning discovers
underlying patterns. And in Reinforcement Learning, the learning agent works as a
reward and action system.
6. Supervised learning maps labelled data to known output. Whereas, Unsupervised
Learning explore patterns and predict the output. Reinforcement Learning follows a
trial and error method.
7. To sum up, in Supervised Learning, the goal is to generate formula based on input
and output values. In Unsupervised Learning, we find an association between input
values and group them. In Reinforcement Learning an agent learn through delayed
feedback by interacting with the environment.
Comparison Table
Supervised Reinforcement
Criteria Unsupervised ML
ML ML
Trained using Works on

Learns by
unlabelled data interacting with
Definition using labelled
without any the
data
guidance. environment
No –
Type of
Labelled data Unlabelled data predefined
data
data
Regression
Type of Association and Exploitation or
and
problems Clustering Exploration
classification
Extra
Supervision No supervision No supervision
supervision
Linear
Regression,
Logistic K – Means, Q – Learning,
Algorithms
Regression, C – Means, Apriori SARSA
SVM, KNN
etc.
Discover
Calculate Learn a series
Aim underlying
outcomes of action
patterns
Risk
Recommendation Self Driving
Evaluation,
Application System, Anomaly Cars, Gaming,
Forecast
Detection Healthcare
Sales

Machine Learning

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Machine Learning :

Types of Machine Learning :

1. Supervised Machine Learning

 Support Vector Machines

Key Differences Between Supervised vs Unsupervised Learning vs

Trained using Works on

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