Non-Destructive Testing Manual: Collins Aerospace Proprietary

NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
MANUAL
COVER PAGE
COLLINS AEROSPACE PROPRIETARY
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Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)
Manual
TITLE PAGE
This manual includes coverage of the following chapters:
32-40-71
32-40-72
32-40-73
32-40-74
32-40-75
32-40-76
32-40-77
Goodrich Corporation, a part of Collins Aerospace

Troy, Ohio 45373, U.S.A.
CAGE Code: 97153
32-40-71
© 2021 Collins Aerospace U.S. Export Classification: EAR 9E991. TP-1
COLLINS AEROSPACE PROPRIETARY Initial Issue - Apr 30/03
Subject to the restriction on the cover page. Revision 04: Oct 20/21
GOODRICH CORPORATION, A PART OF COLLINS AEROSPACE
NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING (NDT) MANUAL
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U.S. Export Classification: EAR 9E991.

COLLINS AEROSPACE PROPRIETARY TP-2
Subject to the restriction on the cover page. Oct 20/21
TRANSMITTAL LETTER
Oct 20/21
TO: HOLDERS OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING (NDT) MANUAL USED ON GOODRICH

CORPORATION, A PART OF COLLINS AEROSPACE.
DESCRIPTION OF REVISION 04, DATED OCT 20/21 HIGHLIGHTS
This full revision replaces the manual that you currently have in its entirety.
All changed pages keep data necessary to do maintenance on all equipment models. Black bars
on the side of the page identify the changes of this revision.
This revision does not include copies of service bulletins (SB) or service letters (SL) applicable to
this equipment. This manual includes data from applicable SBs and SLs. For this revision, move
the SBs and SLs from your manual to this manual.
As part of this full revision, inserted pages (e.g. 1001.1), inserted figures (e.g. Figure 4.1), inserted
tables (e.g. Table 2004.1), etc., from previous revisions have been renumbered. Page numbers,
figure numbers, table numbers, etc. have been allowed to increment normally. Also, identification
of previous deletions have been removed. Pages where only figure references, table reference,
etc. have changed or text has been removed by previous revisions are not listed below. Pages
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where content has been added, changed, or removed.
PAGE CHANGE
Format changed to align to a new Collins branding format.
All pages shown with new revision date, revision bars shown for technical,
All procedural, and content changes.
Added new chapter for Process Compensated Resoance Testing (PCRT) by
Swept Sine Method.

COLLINS AEROSPACE PROPRIETARY TL-1

COLLINS AEROSPACE PROPRIETARY TL-2
RECORD OF REVISIONS
Keep this record in the front of the manual. When a revision is received, record the
applicable data on this page and put the revised pages into the manual.
REV. NO. ISSUE DATE INSERT DATE BY REV. NO. ISSUE DATE INSERT DATE BY
Initial
Apr 30/03
Issue
1 Oct 31/07
2 Feb 27/09
3 Nov 06/09
4 Oct 20/21
U.S. Export Classification: EAR 9E991. 32-40-71

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COLLINS AEROSPACE PROPRIETARY RTR-2
SERVICE BULLETIN / SERVICE LETTER LIST

These Service Bulletins and/or Service Letters were incorporated as shown below. Service
Bulletins and Service Letters that have no effect are noted as “No Effect” in the date
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SB/SL NO. REV TITLE
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COLLINS AEROSPACE PROPRIETARY SBL-1
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COLLINS AEROSPACE PROPRIETARY SBL-2
LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES
SUBJECT PAGE DATE SUBJECT PAGE DATE
PART 1 (CONT’D) 9 Oct 20/21

TITLE PAGE TP-1 Oct 20/21 GENERAL DATA 10 Oct 20/21
TP-2 Oct 20/21 11 Oct 20/21
12 Oct 20/21
TRANSMITTAL TL-1 Oct 20/21
LETTER TL-2 Oct 20/21 PART 2
X-RAY
RECORD OF RR-1 Oct 20/21 (NOT APPLICABLE
REVISIONS RR-2 Oct 20/21 TO WHEELS AND
BRAKES
RECORD OF RTR-1 Oct 20/21
TEMPORARY RTR-2 Oct 20/21 PART 3
REVISIONS GAMMA-RAY
(NOT APPLICABLE
SERVICE BULLETIN / SBL-1 Oct 20/21 TO WHEELS AND
SERVICE LETTER SBL-2 Oct 20/21 BRAKES
LIST
LIST OF EFFECTIVE LEP-1 Oct 20/21 PART 4 1 Oct 20/21

PAGES LEP-2 Oct 20/21 ULTRASONIC TEST 2 Oct 20/21
(FOR BOLTS) 3 Oct 20/21
TABLE OF TOC-1 Oct 20/21 (ATA 32-40-72) 4 Oct 20/21
CONTENTS TOC-2 Oct 20/21
TOC-3 Oct 20/21 PART 5 1 Oct 20/21
TOC-4 Oct 20/21 CONDUCTIVITY AND 2 Oct 20/21
HARDNESS TESTS 3 Oct 20/21
INTRODUCTION INTRO-1 Oct 20/21 FOR OVERHEATED 4 Oct 20/21
INTRO-2 Oct 20/21 PARTS 5 Oct 20/21
INTRO-3 Oct 20/21 (ATA 32-40-73) 6 Oct 20/21
INTRO-4 Oct 20/21 7 Oct 20/21
8 Oct 20/21
PART 1 1 Oct 20/21 9 Oct 20/21
GENERAL DATA 2 Oct 20/21 10 Oct 20/21
(ATA 32-40-71) 3 Oct 20/21 11 Oct 20/21
4 Oct 20/21 12 Oct 20/21
5 Oct 20/21 13 Oct 20/21
6 Oct 20/21 14 Oct 20/21
7 Oct 20/21 15 Oct 20/21
8 Oct 20/21 16 Oct 20/21

COLLINS AEROSPACE PROPRIETARY LEP-1
LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES
SUBJECT PAGE DATE SUBJECT PAGE DATE
PART 5 (CONT’D) 17 Oct 20/21 PART 7 (CONT’D) 7 Oct 20/21

CONDUCTIVITY AND 18 Oct 20/21 MAGNETIC 8 Oct 20/21
HARDNESS TESTS 19 Oct 20/21 PARTICLE TEST
FOR OVERHEATED 20 Oct 20/21
PARTS 21 Oct 20/21 PART 8 1 Oct 20/21
22 Oct 20/21 PENETRANT TEST 2 Oct 20/21
(WATER WASHABLE- 3 Oct 20/21
PART 6 1 Oct 20/21 FLUORESCENT) 4 Oct 20/21
EDDY CURRENT 2 Oct 20/21 (ATA 32-40-76) 5 Oct 20/21
TEST 3 Oct 20/21 6 Oct 20/21
(ATA 32-40-74) 4 Oct 20/21 7 Oct 20/21
5 Oct 20/21 8 Oct 20/21
6 Oct 20/21
7 Oct 20/21 PART 9 1 Oct 20/21
8 Oct 20/21 PROCESS 2 Oct 20/21
9 Oct 20/21 COMPENSATED 3 Oct 20/21
10 Oct 20/21 RESONANCE 4 Oct 20/21
11 Oct 20/21 TESTING (PCRT) BY
12 Oct 20/21 SWEPT SINE
METHOD
13 Oct 20/21
(ATA 32-40-77)
14 Oct 20/21
15 Oct 20/21
16 Oct 20/21
17 Oct 20/21
18 Oct 20/21
19 Oct 20/21
20 Oct 20/21
21 Oct 20/21
22 Oct 20/21
23 Oct 20/21
24 Oct 20/21
25 Oct 20/21
26 Oct 20/21
PART 7 1 Oct 20/21

MAGNETIC 2 Oct 20/21
PARTICLE TEST 3 Oct 20/21
(WET 4 Oct 20/21
FLUORESCENT) 5 Oct 20/21
(ATA 32-40-75) 6 Oct 20/21

COLLINS AEROSPACE PROPRIETARY LEP-2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUBJECT OR PARAGRAPH TITLE PAGE

INTRODUCTION
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INTRO-1
CAUTIONS and WARNINGS Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INTRO-1
Brief Descriptions of NDT Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INTRO-2
Specifications Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INTRO-4
PART 1 - GENERAL DATA (ATA 32-40-71)

Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Equipment and Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Personnel Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
General Inspection Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Cleaning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Equipment and Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Cleaning Metal Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Removal of Paint from Piston Housings, Wheel Halves, Wheel Bases, and Side Rims . 11
Abrasive Blast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Chemical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Removal of Paint from Torque Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
PART 2 - X-RAY (Not Applicable to Wheels and Brakes)
PART 3 - GAMMA RAY (Not Applicable to Wheels and Brakes)
PART 4 - ULTRASONIC TEST FOR BOLTS (ATA 32-40-72)
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Preparation of In-Service Bolts for the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Standardization of the Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Inspect Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
PART 5 - CONDUCTIVITY AND HARDNESS TESTS FOR OVERHEATED PARTS

(ATA 32-40-73)
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
PROCEDURE 1 - Conductivity Test for Aluminum Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Personnel Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Preparation of the Part for the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Preparation of the Equipment for the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Measure Conductivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

COLLINS AEROSPACE PROPRIETARY TOC 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
PART 5 - CONDUCTIVITY AND HARDNESS TESTS FOR OVERHEATED PARTS (Cont’d)
PROCEDURE 2 - Hardness Test for Aluminum Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Personnel Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Preparation of the Part for the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Preparation of the Equipment for the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Measure Hardness of Aluminum Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
PROCEDURE 3 - Hardness Test for Steel and Inconel Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Personnel Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Measure Hardness of Steel or Inconel Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
PART 6 - EDDY CURRENT TEST (For wheel halves, wheel bases, side rims, and piston
housings) (ATA 32-40-74)
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
PROCEDURE 1 - Eddy Current Test with a Wheel Inspection Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Effectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Preparation of the Part for the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Preparation of the Aircraft Wheel Inspection Machine for the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Inspect Wheel Halves or Wheel Bases with a Wheel Inspection Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Identification of Typical Indications of Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
PROCEDURE 2 - Eddy Current Test with a Contour Beadseat Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Effectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Preparation of the Eddy Current Test Instrument for the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Inspect Wheel Halves, Wheel Bases, or Side Rims with a Contour, Differential-Coil,
Bead Seat Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Identification of Typical Indications of Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
EDDY CURRENT TEST (Continued)

PROCEDURE 3 - Eddy Current Test with a Pencil Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Effectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Inspect Wheel Halves, Wheel Bases, Side Rims, or Piston Housings with a Pencil
Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
PROCEDURE 4 - Eddy Current Inspection of Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Effectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Inspect Tie Bolt Holes or Torque Bar Holes in Wheel Halves or Wheel Bases . . . . . . . . 22
PROCEDURE 5 - Eddy Current Inspection of Inconel Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Effectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Preparation of the Bolt for the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Inspect Inconel Bolts (with a shank diameter of 3/8 to 3/4 inch) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
PART 7 - MAGNETIC PARTICLE TEST (Wet, Fluorescent) (ATA 32-40-75)
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Preparation of the Part for the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Preparation of the Equipment for the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Inspect Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Identification of Typical Indications of Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
PART 8 - PENETRANT TEST (Water Washable - Fluorescent) (ATA 32-40-76)
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Preparation of the Part for the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Preparation of the Equipment for the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Inspect Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Identification of Typical Indications of Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART 9 - PROCESS COMPENSATED RESONANCE TESTING (PCRT) BY THE SWEPT SINE

METHOD (ATA 32-40-77)
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Development of New PCRT Inspections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Preparation of Part for the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Preparation of Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Implementation of Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

INTRODUCTION
1. PURPOSE
This manual gives NDT-certified personnel a general overview of NDT testing procedures for
parts in Goodrich brake assemblies and wheel assemblies. This manual does not give
sufficient instructions to permit testing of parts by personnel that are not NDT certified.
NOTICE: EACH NDT FACILITY IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ALL CLEANING,

STANDARDIZATION, AND TESTING PROCEDURES TO MAKE SURE
RELEVANT INDICATIONS IN DEFECTIVE PARTS ARE FOUND.
Refer to the applicable Component Maintenance Manual (CMM) to find the specified
inspections for each part.
Lists of equipment vendors and reference standards, and unusual cleaning procedures are
given in each test procedure. Common cleaning procedures are given in PART 1 GENERAL
DATA
Manual verification date: April 30, 2003 (by simulation)
NOTICE!!
Carefully read all WARNING and CAUTION statements in this manual.

Refer to the descriptions of these statements and a NOTE statement that follows:
- A "WARNING" statement is given to prevent personal injury or death.

- A "CAUTION" statement is given to prevent damage to equipment.
- A "NOTE" statement is given to make easier work.
WARNING: BEFORE YOU USE CHEMICALS, READ, KNOW, AND OBEY ALL
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CHEMICALS. THESE
INSTRUCTIONS INCLUDE INSTRUCTIONS FROM THE
MANUFACTURER, THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET OR SAFETY
DATA SHEET (MSDS/SDS), AND GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS. IF
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS ARE NOT OBEYED, CHEMICALS CAN CAUSE
INJURY TO YOU OR CAUSE HEALTH PROBLEMS. AN MSDS/SDS GIVES
THE INSTRUCTIONS YOU MUST FOLLOW TO SAFELY USE, KEEP, AND
DISCARD CHEMICALS. SPEAK WITH YOUR EMPLOYER FOR
INSTRUCTIONS YOU MUST FOLLOW TO SAFELY USE, KEEP, AND
DISCARD CHEMICALS.
Obey the warning above before you do maintenance on parts.
The weights and measurements in this manual are in Imperial/U.S. (English). Systems
International (S.I.) (metric) units are shown in parentheses. English units have a period for
the decimal point. Metric units have a comma for the decimal point. Large numbers with five
or more digits to the left of the decimal point have a space (not a comma) between the
"thousands" and "hundreds" digits to prevent confusion with metric decimal points.

COLLINS AEROSPACE PROPRIETARY INTRO-1
INTRODUCTION
2. BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF NDT METHODS
NOTE: Some NDT methods are not included in this manual because they are not cost-
effective or do not work well on aircraft wheel and brake parts.
A. CONDUCTIVITY TESTING - done only on overheated aluminum parts. It measures the

change in electrical conductivity before there is much change in hardness or strength of
a part. Conductivity is quick and easy to measure, and is similar to an eddy current test.
Before the test, it is necessary to remove grease and other contamination from test
areas on the part. It is not necessary to remove paint.
B. HARDNESS TESTING - done only on overheated parts. It measures hardness of a part

but can lift a small ridge of metal around the test area. This ridge of metal must be
removed from a surface that must be completely flat. Paint must be removed where the
test is done.
C. ULTRASONIC TEST - finds cracks on the surface and below the surface of a part. If
changes are made to the inspection equipment, cracks can be found on the far side or
far end of a part. A "couplant" (water, oil, or other fluid) is applied between the ultrasonic
transducer and the part.
D. EDDY CURRENT INSPECTION (also known as: EC, Magnatest®, or Electromagnetic

Testing [ET]) (usually done on aluminum parts) - finds cracks or other defects on the
surface or below the surface (includes corrosion, defective plating, or effects from
overheat). This test can be done on ferromagnetic parts, but analysis of the results is
not easy because of residual magnetism in the part.
It is recommended, but not necessary, to clean the part before this test. Tire rubber must
be removed in test areas.
An eddy current test is quick and safe for personnel and for the parts. The test
equipment gives a signal and/or an alarm if a defect is found. Test results can be
recorded.
E. MAGNETIC PARTICLE TESTING (also known as: MPI, Magnaflux, and Magna-glo)
(done only on ferromagnetic parts) - finds cracks on the surface and cracks just below
the surface of a part.
The test can be done on plated parts if it is permitted by the CMM, but painted parts
must have the paint removed before the test. Parts must be fully cleaned and dry before
the test is started.
The test equipment must be frequently inspected and standardized. Test fluids must be
frequently inspected for concentration and contamination.
F. PENETRANT TESTING (also known as: Fluorescent Penetrant Inspection (FPI), Liquid
Penetrant Inspection (LPI), Penetrant Technique (PT), or Zyglo®) (done only on
non-porous materials) - finds cracks open to the surface of the part.

INTRODUCTION
The test can be done on plated parts if it is permitted by the CMM, but painted parts
must have the paint removed before the test. Parts must be fully clean and dry before
the test.
NOTE: Removal of paint by the abrasive blast procedure can cause embedded
pieces of blast media to mask some types of surface cracks.
A penetrant fluid is applied to the part and remains for a specified time. Then the part is
rinsed with water and dried in an oven. Then, a developer powder is applied to make
penetrant fluid (that remains in defects) visible when exposed to black light in a dark
room. The penetrant fluid and the developer must be fully removed after the test.
Fluid or powder test materials must be frequently inspected for contamination and
deterioration.
G. PROCESS COMPENSATED RESONANCE TESTING (PCRT) BY THE SWEPT SINE

METHOD - finds cracks, corrosion, porosity, damage, overheat, dimensional variation,
and other defectice conditions in metal components. It is sensitive to defects at the
surface and internal to the part. PCRT can be performed without the removal of
coatings. Parts should be cleaned prior to testing, and the part needs to be at a stable
temperature prior to initiating the test. The method is a type of ultrasonic NDT in which
the part under test is driven into low amplitude harmonic resonance across a wide range
of natural frequencies, and those frequencies are collected and analyzed. PCRT test
equipment is direct reading, meaning it produces a pass/fail indication directly and does
not require interpretation of data by the operator to make a pass/fail determination.

INTRODUCTION
3. SPECIFICATION SOURCES
It is recommended to use the latest revision or replacement of an industry specification
for procedures, materials, or industry-standard parts (with P/Ns that start with "MS",
"NAS", etc.).
A. Get Federal and MIL specifications that are referred to in this manual from the source
that follows:
DAPS
ASSIST
Bldg 4/D
700 Robbins Avenue
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111
U.S.A.
Web: http://assist.daps.dla.mil/online/start/
B. Get Aerospace Material Specifications that are referred to in this manual from the
source that follows:
SAE Customer Service

400 Commonwealth Drive
Warrendale, Pennsylvania 15096-0001
U.S.A.
Tel: +1-724-776-4970
Web: www.sae.org
C. Get ASTM specifications that are referred to in this manual from the source that
follows:
American Society for Testing and Materials

100 Barr Harbor Drive
West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428
U.S.A.
Tel: +1-610-832-9500
Web: www.astm.org

PART 1
GENERAL DATA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
Equipment and Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

General Inspection Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS
Refer to the applicable NDT test procedure for a list of the recommended equipment and
materials. The specified equipment gives accurate results when it is correctly operated and
is given necessary standardization and maintenance. Other equipment can replace the
specified equipment if it gives equivalent results.
2. PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
In general, personnel that do the NDT tests in this manual should be trained and certified,
which is usually a requirement of the applicable airworthiness authorities (FAA, CAA, etc.).
Documents, such as ATA Spec 105, NAS-410, and ASNT/SNT-TC-1A give certification
requirements. In the cases of Conductivity Testing and Process Compensated Resonance
Testing (PCRT), different personnel requirements apply. Please see the personnel
requirements of the appropriate part for further information.
Level I (or higher) qualified personnel can set up and standardize equipment, can do the
test, and can record and evaluate data if they refer to written instructions that give specific
acceptance limits.
Level II (or higher) qualified personnel can independently make accept/reject decisions with
consideration of specified conditions and limits.
It is not necessary for personnel to be qualified at Level I or II to clean parts.
Personnel must be trained for use of the specific equipment at the NDT facility.
3. GENERAL INSPECTION DATA
It is necessary to refer to the applicable Component Maintenance Manual (CMM) for

specified limits, procedures, and test areas on the parts.
NOTE: Refer to Figure 1 to see typical parts of brake assemblies and wheel assemblies.
Refer to Figure 2 to see typical test areas of wheel halves and wheel base.

COLLINS AEROSPACE PROPRIETARY Page 1
PART 1
GENERAL DATA
Inspect larger steel or aluminum parts with a conductivity or hardness test if the brake or
wheel assembly was overheated. Refer to the CHECK section of the applicable CMM for the
specified tests. Visual inspection of an overheated brake assembly usually shows discolored
paint on the piston housing or discolored hydraulic fluid. Visual inspection of an overheated
wheel assembly usually shows blown thermal relief plugs (fuse plugs) or discolored paint.
NOTE: Discard a wheel half, wheel base, or side rim that shows indications of rolling contact
with the runway. Rolling contact causes internal damage that will possibly not be
found.

PART 1
GENERAL DATA
BRAKE ASSEMBLY
ROTORS
PISTON HOUSING PRESSURE PLATE STATOR PLATES TORQUE PLATE
TIE BOLT WHEEL ASSEMBLY
WASHER WASHER
TIE BOLT NUT
TORQUE BAR
INNER WHEEL HALF
LOCK-RING WHEEL ASSEMBLY
THERMAL RELIEF
PLUG
DRIVE
INSERT
WHEEL BASE SIDE RIM LOCK RING
Typical Parts of Brake Assemblies and Wheel Assemblies

Figure 1 / GRAPHIC 32-40-71-991-001-A01

PART 1
GENERAL DATA
INNER WHEEL HALF OUTER

OR WHEEL HALF
WHEEL BASE FLANGE
FLANGE
BEAD BEAD
SEAT SEAT
TUBEWELL TUBEWELL
TIE BOLT TIE BOLT

HOLE HOLE
MATING WEB
WEB
FACES
HUB
HUB
BEARING BORE BEARING BORE
Identification of Areas on Wheel Halves and Wheel Base

Figure 2 / GRAPHIC 32-40-71-991-002-A01

PART 1
GENERAL DATA
4. CLEANING
A. Equipment and Materials
NOTE: Equivalent replacements are permitted for the equipment and materials that
follow:
- Soft and stiff plastic-bristle brushes (solvent-resistant)

- Abrasive blasting equipment and walnut hulls (A-A-1722 Type II) or plastic media
(MIL-P-85891 Type II)
- Low-pressure, compressed air source
- Ultrasonic cleaner equipment
- Parts washer (that uses aqueous cleaning products)*
- Paint remover (SAE-AMS1375)
- Solvent, degreasing, (MIL-PRF-680 Type II or III) (or other cleaning products given in
Table 1)
- Solvent, isopropyl alcohol
* Parts washer equipment sources:
Proceco Ltd. American Metal Wash Inc.

7300 Tellier Street 360 Euclid Avenue
Montreal, QC H1N3T7 P.O. Box 265
Canada Canonsburg, Pennsylvania 15317
Tel: +1-514-254-8494 U.S.A.
or +1-800-978-6677 Tel: +1-724-746-4203
Fax: +1-514-254-8184 Fax: +1-724-746-5738
Web: www.proceco.com
The Mart Corporation

2450 Adie Road
St. Louis, Missouri 63043
U.S.A.
Tel: +1-314-567-7222
or +1-800-543-6278
Fax: +1-314-567-6551
Web: www.martwash.com

PART 1
GENERAL DATA
B. Cleaning Metal Parts
NOTE: Refer to paragraphs 4.C. and 4.D. for paint removal.
WARNING: BEFORE YOU USE A SPECIFIED CLEANING MATERIAL, READ,

KNOW, AND OBEY ALL SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE
CLEANING MATERIAL. THESE INSTRUCTIONS INCLUDE
INSTRUCTIONS FROM THE MANUFACTURER, THE MATERIAL
SAFETY DATA SHEET OR SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS/SDS), AND
GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS. IF SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS ARE
NOT OBEYED, CLEANING MATERIAL CAN CAUSE INJURY TO YOU
OR CAUSE HEALTH PROBLEMS. AN MSDS/SDS GIVES THE
INSTRUCTIONS YOU MUST FOLLOW TO SAFELY USE, KEEP, AND
DISCARD CLEANING MATERIAL. GET WITH YOUR EMPLOYER
FOR INSTRUCTIONS YOU MUST FOLLOW TO SAFELY USE, KEEP,
AND DISCARD CLEANING MATERIAL.
WARNING: DO NOT GET CADMIUM IN YOUR MOUTH. CADMIUM THAT IS

SWALLOWED CAN CAUSE KIDNEY OR REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
DISEASE. AFTER YOU TOUCH CADMIUM PLATED PARTS, CLEAN
YOUR HANDS BEFORE YOU EAT OR SMOKE. GET SAFETY
INSTRUCTIONS FROM YOUR EMPLOYER. OBEY GOVERNMENT
AND OSHA REGULATIONS WHEN YOU DISCARD THE PARTS THAT
CONTAIN CADMIUM.
WARNING: DO NOT BREATHE CADMIUM PARTICLES, FUMES, OR DUST.

THESE PARTICLES, FUMES, OR DUST CAN CAUSE LUNG OR
KIDNEY DISEASE. IF MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES MAKE
CADMIUM PARTICLES, FUMES, OR DUST, TELL YOUR EMPLOYER
TO SUPPLY RESPIRATORS, VENTILATION,
AND/OR PROCEDURES TO PREVENT EXPOSURE TO PERSONNEL.
WARNING: THE OCCUPATIONAL, SAFETY, AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION

(OSHA) HAS AN APPLICABLE DANGER WARNING (29 CFR
1910.1027 (M)(3)(II)) AS FOLLOWS: DANGER: CONTAINS
CADMIUM. CANCER HAZARD. AVOID CREATING DUST. CAN
CAUSE LUNG AND KIDNEY DISEASE.
CAUTION: MAKE SURE THAT CONTAMINATION IS FULLY REMOVED FROM

BOLTS AND NUTS. CONTAMINATION CAN PREVENT FULL
INSPECTION OF THE THESE PARTS. CONTAMINATION CAN CAUSE
INCORRECT BOLT TENSION WHEN THE BOLTS OR NUTS ARE
TORQUED.

PART 1
GENERAL DATA
CAUTION: USE ONLY ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL OR ACETONE TO CLEAN

TITANIUM TORQUE PLATES. DO NOT USE CLEANING PRODUCTS
THAT CONTAIN CHLORIDE (FOR EXAMPLE: TRICHLORETHYLENE,
TRICHLORETHANE, CARBON TETRACHLORIDE, HALOGENATED
HYDROCARBONS, HYDROCHLORIC ACID, OR OTHER
CHLORINATED FLUIDS). DO NOT USE METHYL ALCOHOL OR
METHANOL TO CLEAN TITANIUM TORQUE PLATES. CLEANING
PRODUCTS THAT CONTAIN CHLORIDES OR HALOGENS CAUSE
MUCH STRESS CORROSION ON TITANIUM.
CAUTION: DO NOT USE A WIRE BRUSH TO CLEAN ALUMINUM PARTS. A WIRE

BRUSH CAUSES DAMAGE TO THE ANODIZE LAYER ON THESE
PARTS.
CAUTION: DO NOT USE ALKALINE CLEANING SOLVENTS TO CLEAN

ALUMINUM PARTS. THESE SOLVENTS CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO
THESE PARTS.
CAUTION: OBEY THE INSTRUCTIONS FROM THE MANUFACTURER FOR THE

PROCEDURES TO USE AQUEOUS CLEANING MATERIALS.
INCORRECT PROCEDURES CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO PARTS OR
UNSATISFACTORY CLEANING.
Use only isopropyl alcohol or acetone to clean titanium torque plates.

Hold cleaned torque plates with clean hands or clean gloves. Do not make pencil marks
on torque plates.
The chloride concentration of a fluid that touches a titanium part must be below 6 ppm.
Fluid with a chloride concentration of up to 16 ppm can touch a titanium part if you rinse
the part to remove the fluid. Rinse the part with a fluid that has a 6 ppm or lower chloride
concentration.
Clean other metal parts with MIL-PRF-680 Type II or III solvent or aqueous cleaning
products (refer to Table 1). Make sure that all bolt threads are fully clean. Some of these
parts can be cadmium plated (refer to the ILLUSTRATED PARTS LIST in the applicable
CMM to identify these parts).
Dry the parts with clean, dry, compressed air or with hot, circulating air (150°F [66°C]
maximum). Permit the parts to air-dry for 5 minutes after the cleaning product
evaporates.
NOTE: It is necessary to use a detergent and water solution to remove penetrant or

developer materials that remain after a penetrant inspection test.

PART 1
GENERAL DATA
TABLE 32-40-71-993-001-A01
Aqueous Cleaner Consumables - Table 1 (Sheet 1 of 3)

RECOMMENDED
PRODUCT
CONCENTRATION AND VENDOR
NAME
TEMPERATURE
Applied 4-204 Cleaner 30% at 120°F (49°C) Applied Chemical Technologies, Inc.
1045 Georgetown Rd., Bldg. C-4
Lexington, KY 40511
Tel: +1-859-243-0727
Aqueous PL 72 A23 5% at 130°F (54°C) Hubbard-Hall Inc.
(formerly Aquaspray 102) www.hubbardhall.com
Ardrox 6333 25% at 150°F (66°C) Chemetall Oakite, Inc.
www.chemetall.com
Search by the cleaners name.
Armakleen M-HP-2 3% at 130°F (54°C) Church & Dwight Co., Inc.
or 469 North Harrison St.
10% at 160°F (71°C) Princeton, NJ 08543
B & B Big Blue 2 oz /1 galUS (59 ml/3,8 L) B & B Tritech, Inc.
at 150°F (66°C) 875 West 20th St.
Hialeah, FL 33010
Tel: +1-305-888-5247
Brulin 1990 GD Cleaner 4% at 130°F (54°C)
or
10% at 150°F (66°C)
Brulin 815 GD 5% at 130°F (54°C)
Brulin & Co.
or www.brulin.com
10% at 160°F (71°C)
or
20% at 180°F (82°C)
Cal Clean 657-LF 1% at 120°F (49°C)

Calvary Industries, Inc.
Cal Clean 733 AS 5% at 135°F (57°C)
www.calvaryindustries.com
Cal Clean 849 AM 3% at 110°F (43°C)
Calgon 6215 3% at 130°F (54°C) Calgon Corporation
and at 160°F (71°C) P.O. Box 1346
Calgon RT-825 4% at 135°F (57°C) Pittsburgh, PA 15024
Tel: +1-412-494-8000
Cee-Bee 280 10% at 130°F (54°C)
Cee-Bee A-7X7 10% at 130°F (54°C)
and at 160°F (71°C) McGean-Rohco Inc.
or 25% at 140°F (60°C) www.mcgean.com
Cee Bee Super Bee 25% at 160°F (71°C)
300LFG

PART 1
GENERAL DATA
RECOMMENDED
PRODUCT
NAME
TEMPERATURE
Cee-Bee 300LF 3% at 140°F (60°C)
or
10% at 160°F (71°C) McGean-Rohco Inc.
or www.mcgean.com
20% at 160°F (71°C)
(one hour max.)
Cee-Bee 400TG 15% at 140°F (60°C)
Clean 2025NP 1.5% at 115°F (46°C) Master Chemical
501 West Boundary
Perrysburg, OH 43551
Tel: +1-419-874-7902
ClearClean Plus 1:100 at 130°F (54°C) Environmental Process Technologies
1099 Brown St.
Wauconda, IL 60084
Tel: +1-847-487-5401
DuBois 422 6% at 175°F (79°C)
or
3% at 160°F (71°C) DuBois Chemicals
DuBois IEM-14 2% at 160°F (71°C) www.duboischemicals.com
DuBois IPR-1000 3% at 140°F (60°C)
DuBois ISW 24 6% at 140°F (60°C)
EFS 1927 L.F.(T) 2 oz/1 galUS (59 ml/3,8 L) Engineered Finishing Systems
at room temperature 3448 Middlebrook Ave.
Cincinnati, OH 45208
Tel: +1-513-841-2622
Eldorado ED-306LF 3% at 160°F (71°C) Eldorado Chemical Company
and at 180°F (82°C) P.O. Box 34837
San Antonio, TX 78265
Tel: +1-210-653-2060
Magnus Aerodet 10% at 130°F (54°C) Mag-Chem Inc.
Magnus HDL-330 cleaner 10% at 150°F (66°C) 1271 Ampere St., Boucherville,
Magnus Soluwax 10% at 130°F (54°C) Quebec, Canada J4B 5X5
Tel: +1-450-655-1344
Mirachem 750 3:1 at 145°F (63°C) Mirachem Corporation
Low Foam www.mirachem.com
Oakite 94 1.34 oz/galUS (10 grams/L) Oakite Products, Inc.
at 176°F (80°C) P.O. Box 602, 50 Valley Road
Berkeley Heights, NJ 07922
Tel: +1-800-526-4473

PART 1
GENERAL DATA
RECOMMENDED
PRODUCT
NAME
TEMPERATURE
Rainbow Jet 5% and 10% AND Chemicals
at 140°F (60°C) 2720 Reynolds Road
Winston Salem, NC 27106
Tel: +1-800-224-5062
Ram Wash HD 20% at 160°F (71°C) Ram Environmental Technologies
www.ramsorb.com
Rodarmer Products - 1927 2 oz/1 galUS (59 ml/3,8 L) Rodarmer Products, Inc.
at room temperature 9036 West RS Avenue
Schoolcraft, MI 49087
Tel: +1-616-668-2052
SAG-710 Anti-Foam + 8 oz/100 galUS (236,6 ml/ Witco Corporation
Rainbow Jet 378,5 L) One American Lane
at 140°F (60°C) Greenwich, CT 06831
Tel: +1-203-552-2000
Spot Free Rinse .25% at 120°F (49°C) Calvary Industries, Inc.
977 GA www.calvaryindustries.com
Super Bee 300LF 10% at 120°F (49°C), McGean-Rohco Inc.
130°F (54°), or www.mcgean.com
140°F (60°C).
Turco 3878 LF-NC 20% at 140°F (60°C)
Turco 6751-L 4% at 140°F (60°C)
Turco 6849 4% at 140°F (60°C)
or
20% at 140°F (60°C) LA CIE Deane & Co.
or 190 Oneida Dr. Pointe-Claire,
20% at 160°F (71°C) Quebec Canada H9R 1AB
Turco Aviation 2 oz/1 galUS (59 ml/3,8 L) Tel: +1-905-238-3213 (Toronto)
at 150°F (66°C)
Turco Sprayeze NPLT 3% at 130°F (54°C)
or
10% at 160°F (71°C)
Zip Chem Cala 301A 50% at 100°F (38°C) Zip Chem Products
400 Jarvis Drive
Morgan Hill, CA 95037
Tel: +1-800-648-2661
ZOK27 20% at 160°F (71°C) Zokman Products
www.zok.com

PART 1
GENERAL DATA
C. Removal of Paint from Piston Housings, Actuator Housings, Wheel Halves, Wheel
Bases, and Side Rims by one of the two procedures that follow:
NOTE: It is necessary to remove paint before penetrant inspection or for

measurement of hardness. It is not necessary to remove paint for Eddy
Current, Ultrasonic Inspection, or Process Compensated Resonance Testing
(PCRT).
(1) Abrasive Blast
CAUTION: DO NOT USE SAND OR GLASS BEADS IN THE ABRASIVE

BLAST PROCEDURE TO REMOVE PAINT ON ALUMINUM
PARTS. THESE ABRASIVES CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE ANODIZE
LAYER ON ALUMINUM PARTS.
NOTE: Before penetrant inspection of a part, removal of paint by the abrasive

blast procedure can cause embedded pieces of blast media to mask
some types of surface cracks.
(a) Apply mask material (refer to the CLEANING section of the applicable
Component Maintenance Manual [CMM]).
CAUTION: OBEY SPECIFIED PROCEDURES TO ABRASIVE BLAST

ALUMINUM PARTS. THE ANODIZE LAYER ON ALUMINUM
PARTS CAN BE DAMAGED IF THE PARTS ARE BLASTED WITH
AN INCORRECT NOZZLE OR WITH TOO MUCH AIR PRESSURE.
(b) Blast the parts by the procedures in MIL-STD-1504. Use media that does not
cause damage to the anodize layer - for example:
1) A-A-1722 Type II, (black walnut shell, size 20/30).
2) Plastic media (MIL-P-85891 Type II).
3) Sodium bicarbonate.
NOTE: This procedure will not remove the anodize layer and does not make
it necessary for bearing cups to be masked.

PART 1
GENERAL DATA
(2) Chemical
WARNING: BEFORE YOU USE PAINT REMOVER, READ, UNDERSTAND,

AND OBEY ALL SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PAINT
REMOVER. THESE INSTRUCTIONS INCLUDE INSTRUCTIONS
FROM THE MANUFACTURER, THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA
SHEET OR SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS/SDS), AND
GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS. IF SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
ARE NOT OBEYED, PAINT REMOVER CAN CAUSE INJURY TO
YOU OR CAUSE HEALTH PROBLEMS. AN MSDS/SDS GIVES
INSTRUCTIONS YOU MUST FOLLOW TO SAFELY USE, KEEP,
AND DISCARD PAINT REMOVER. GET WITH YOUR EMPLOYER
FOR INSTRUCTIONS YOU MUST FOLLOW TO SAFELY USE,
KEEP, AND DISCARD PAINT REMOVER.
WARNING: OBEY GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS

FROM YOUR EMPLOYER WHEN YOU TOUCH, KEEP, AND
DISCARD THE PAINT THAT IS REMOVED. THE PAINT THAT IS
REMOVED IS POSSIBLY DANGEROUS AND CAN CAUSE
INJURY TO YOU OR CAUSE HEALTH PROBLEMS.
CAUTION: DO NOT USE A WIRE BRUSH OR USE SAND OR GLASS BEADS

IN THE ABRASIVE-BLAST PROCEDURE TO CLEAN ALUMINUM
PARTS. A WIRE BRUSH, SAND, OR GLASS BEADS CAUSE
DAMAGE TO THE ANODIZE LAYER ON ALUMINIUM PARTS.
(a) Apply mask material (refer to the CLEANING section of the applicable
Component Maintenance Manual [CMM]).
(b) Apply paint remover (SAE AMS1375) that can remove urethane paint and
epoxy primer and does not cause damage to aluminum or steel parts. Refer to
instructions from the paint remover manufacturer.
(c) Fully remove the paint remover.
CAUTION: MAKE SURE THAT YOU REMOVE ALL FLUID FROM THE
BEARING BORE AREA. TRAPPED FLUID CAN CAUSE
CORROSION.
(d) Use clean, dry, compressed air to remove all water from the part. Make sure
that air passages and hydraulic fluid passages are clean and dry.
D. Removal of Paint from Torque Plates
(1) Paint or special protective material is applied to the surface of some torque plates.
Refer to the applicable CMM for the correct procedure to remove paint and to clean
the special materials.

PART 4
ULTRASONIC TEST FOR BOLTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Preparation of In-Service Bolts for the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Standardization of the Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Inspect Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1. PURPOSE
This test finds cracks on the surface and just below the surface of a part. If changes are
made to the inspection equipment, cracks can be found on the far side or far end of a part.
The test is usually done on wheel tie bolts made of steel or inconel.
NOTE: Steel bolts can also be inspected for cracks by magnetic particle inspection (refer
to PART 7 MAGNETIC PARTICLE INSPECTION (Wet, Fluorescent). Steel bolts
and inconel bolts can be inspected by penetrant inspection (refer to PART 8
PENETRANT TEST (Water Washable - Fluorescent).
Refer to paragraph 2, PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS, in PART 1, GENERAL DATA.
3. REFERENCES
NOTE: Refer to the INTRODUCTION section for sources of reference documents.
NOTE: SAE = Society of Automotive Engineers

MIL = Military Standards
A. SAE-AMS-2630 (Ultrasonic Inspection Product Over 0.5 inch [12,7 mm] Thick)
B. SAE-AIR4774 (Nondestructive Inspection (NDI) Methods Used During Production and

Operation of Aircraft Wheels and Brakes)
C. MIL-HDBK-728/6 (Ultrasonic Testing)
D. MIL-STD-1875 (Ultrasonic Inspection, Requirements for)3
E. ASTM E2375 (Inspection, Ultrasonic, Wrought Metals, Process for)

PART 4
4. EQUIPMENT
The ultrasonic test instrument sends ultrasonic-frequency pulses from a transducer into the
end of a bolt. The transducer and the threaded end of the bolt are submerged in couplant
(liquid) to effectively send the ultrasonic pulses into the bolt. Pulses reflected back from
defects in the bolt are measured and displayed by the test instrument (refer to Figure 1).
A test for accuracy of the test instrument and the transducer is done at specified intervals on
a "standardization bolt" (refer to Figure 2).
A. Pulse Ultrasonic Test Instrument
B. Ultrasonic Test Instruments and Transducers Sources:
Waygate Technologies Centurion NDT, Inc.

Telephone: +1-844-243-2638 Telephone: +1-630-736-5500
Web: www.bakerhughesds.com/waygate- Fax: +1-630-736-5700
technologies Web: www.centurionndt.com
Staveley Instruments, Inc. ANDEC Ultrasonic Tie Bolt Testing
421 North Quay Street System
Kennewick, Washington 99336 Andec Manufacturing, LTD
U.S.A. 124, Skyway Avenue
Telephone: +1-509-735-7550 Toronto, Ontario
Web: www.staveleyndt.com Canada, M9W 4Y9
Telephone: +1-416-213-8000
Fax: +1-416-213-8004
C. Bolt Inspection Tank and Standardization Bolt Sources:
Romann Inc.
114 Perimeter Road
Nashua, NH 03063
U.S.A.
Telephone: +1-603-595- 4220

Fax: +1-603-595-4221
Web: www.rohmann.com
Each standardization bolt, purchased or locally manufactured, must be the same type
and size as the inspected bolts and must have notches as shown in Figure 2.

PART 4
TEST BOLT KNOB THAT ADJUSTS TEST INSTRUMENT

OR BOLT LOCATION
STANDARDIZATION
BOLT
BOLT
INSPECTION
TANK TRANSDUCER
Typical Ultrasonic Test Equipment
Figure 1 / GRAPHIC 32-40-72-991-001-A01
NOTCH 1
(IN THE SHANK RADIUS)
0.025 - 0.035
NOTCH 2 (0,64 - 0,89)
(IN THE 3RD OR 4TH FULL
DEPTH THREAD ROOT)
NOTE: DIMENSIONS SHOWN ARE IN INCHES (MM).

A standardization bolt must have a notch in the head-to-shank radius (Notch 1) and a notch in the
third or fourth thread root (Notch 2) opposite Notch 1 (180° apart). Cut each notch (in the direction
of the circumference) with a saw or with EDM equipment to the dimensions that follow:
Width: 0.002 - 0.010 inch (0,05 - 0,25 mm)

Depth in the shank area: 0.025 - 0.035 inch (0,64 - 0,89 mm) from the shank outer
diameter
Depth in the threaded area: 0.025 - 0.035 inch (0,64 - 0,89 mm) from the thread root
diameter
NDT Notch Locations in a Standardization Bolt
Figure 2 / GRAPHIC 32-40-72-991-002-A01

PART 4
5. PREPARATION OF IN-SERVICE BOLTS FOR THE TEST
Clean the test bolts (Refer to CLEANING in PART 1, GENERAL DATA).
6. STANDARDIZATION OF THE EQUIPMENT
Prepare and standardize the test instrument (refer to the manual for your instrument).
7. INSPECT BOLTS
Refer to instructions supplied with the equipment.

PART 5
CONDUCTIVITY TEST - Procedure 1 (Aluminum Parts)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
PROCEDURE 1 - Conductivity Test for Aluminum Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Personnel Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Preparation of the Part for the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Preparation of the Equipment for the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Measure Conductivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
PROCEDURE 2 - Hardness Test for Aluminum Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Personnel Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Preparation of the Part for the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Preparation of the Equipment for the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Measure Hardness of Aluminum Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
PROCEDURE 3 - Hardness Test for Steel and Inconel Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Personnel Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Preparation of the Equipment for the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Measure Hardness of Steel or Inconel Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
PURPOSE
Overheated parts have changes in the conductivity and hardness properties of the metal.
PROCEDURES 1 through 3 find parts that do not have correct material properties.
PROCEDURE 1 - Conductivity Test for Aluminum Parts
PROCEDURE 2 - Hardness Test for Aluminum Parts
PROCEDURE 3 - Hardness Test for Steel and Inconel Parts

PART 5
1. PROCEDURE 1 - Conductivity Test for Aluminum Parts
A. Purpose
A convenient test for overheated forged aluminum parts is a conductivity test. This test
measures the change in electrical conductivity that occurs before there is much change
in hardness or strength of an aluminum alloy part (wheel half, wheel base, side rim, or
piston housing).
Conductivity is quick and easy to measure, and is similar to an eddy current test.
If the conductivity of an aluminum part is more than the permitted limit, a hardness test
can confirm the quality of the part, to make sure a usable part is not discarded (refer to
PROCEDURE 2 - Hardness Test for Aluminum Parts).
Visual inspection of an overheated wheel assembly usually shows discolored paint or

damaged thermal relief plugs (fuse plugs). Damaged thermal relief plugs have cores
that are missing or have started to melt.
Visual inspection of an overheated brake assembly usually shows discolored paint on

the piston housing or discolored hydraulic fluid.
B. Personnel Requirements
C. References
NOTE: Refer to the INTRODUCTION section for sources of reference documents:
NOTE: ASTM = American Society for Testing and Materials

MIL = Military Standards
SAE = Society of Automotive Engineers
(1) ASTM E1004 (Electromagnetic Measurements of Electrical Conductivity)
(2) MIL-STD-1537 (Electrical Conductivity Test for Verification of Heat Treatment of

Aluminum Alloys, Eddy Current Method)
(3) SAE-ARP891 (Determination of Aluminum Alloy Tempers Through Electrical

Conductivity Measurement)
(4) SAE-AMS-2658 (Hardness and Conductivity Inspection of Wrought Aluminum Alloy

Parts)

PART 5
D. Equipment
General Description of the Equipment
The conductivity meter supplies the test coil (probe) with alternating current which
induces eddy currents in a metal test material. The eddy current density is directly
related to the conductivity of the material. These eddy currents cause changes in the
electrical characteristics of the probe. The meter displays these changes as % I.A.C.S.
(International Annealed Copper Standard) (pure copper = 100% I.A.C.S.).
Accessories: Probe (3/4 inch outer diameter), a connection cable, and at least two
"standardization standard" pieces of metal.
Conductivity Meters, Probes, and Standardization Standards Sources:

Staveley Instruments, Inc. KJ Law Engineers, Inc.
421 North Quay Street 23660 Research Drive
Kennewick, Washington 99336 Farmington Hills, Michigan 48024
U.S.A. U.S.A.
Web: www.staveleyndt.com
E. Preparation of the Part for the Test
It is necessary to remove dirt, grease, and tire rubber from the test part, but it is not
necessary to remove paint. Refer to CLEANING in PART 1, GENERAL DATA, for
procedures to clean the part. Put the part in the location for the test soon enough for the
temperature of the part to become stable. Recommended room temperature is
55 to 85°F (13 to 29°C). Do not do the test in areas where the temperature quickly
changes.
F. Preparation of the Equipment for the Test
(1) Put the test equipment and test parts in the test location soon enough for their
temperatures to become stable and the same (not more than 5°F (3°C) variation).
Recommended room temperature is 55 to 85°F (13 to 29°C). Do not do the test in
areas where the temperature quickly changes.
(2) Standardize the conductivity meter by the applicable procedure that follows:
NOTE: Use two "standards" that give standardization over a narrow range of
conductivity values close to the value for the part to be measured.

PART 5
CAUTION: A STANDARD WITH A SCRATCHED SURFACE CAN CAUSE THE

CONDUCTIVITY METER TO GIVE AN INCORRECT % I.A.C.S.
VALUE.
(a) Conductivity meters that can be adjusted for "low" and "high" standards
1) Put the probe in the center of the "low" standard and adjust the "low" knob
until the screen on the meter shows the same value as the standard.
2) Put the probe in the center of the "high" standard and adjust the "high"
knob until the screen on the meter shows the same value as the standard.
3) Repeat adjustments until no more adjustment of the low and high knobs is
necessary.
(b) Conductivity meters that can be adjusted for only one standard (which has a
value in the range of the test material)
1) Put the probe in the center of the standard. Then adjust the applicable
knob until the screen on the meter shows the same value as the standard.
2) Remove the probe from the standard. Repeat these paragraphs 1 and 2
until no adjustment is necessary to make the meter show the same value
as the standard.

PART 5
"LOW" "HIGH"
STANDARD STANDARD
FM-140A THRESHOLD
PASS FAIL LOW HIGH
COARSE
CONDUCTIVITY % IACS HIGH LIFT OFF
"READ"
TOGGLE
SWITCH
"LOW" "HIGH"
BATTERY "ON-OFF" STANDARDIZATION STANDARDIZATION
METER SWITCH PROBE KNOB KNOB
Typical Conductivity Meter

Figure 1 / GRAPHIC 32-40-73-991-001-A01
G. Measure Conductivity
(1) Make sure the conductivity meter is standardized (refer to paragraph F.[2]).
(2) Measure conductivity as follows:
(a) To make sure the temperature of the test part does not change, do not touch
the part more than necessary.
(b) Standardize the conductivity meter after every 15 minutes of continuous

operation and after conductivity is measured on all test parts. If standardization
shows that the conductivity meter is not accurate, standardize it and do the test
again on the parts that were possibly not accurately measured.
(c) If the test is done on the outer diameter of a tubewell (refer to Figure 2), slowly
rock the probe so the full end of the probe end touches the surface of the
tubewell. Record the maximum % I.A.C.S. value shown.

PART 5
(d) If possible, keep the probe more than 0.25 inch (6,4 mm) away from an edge,
hole, or groove to minimize "edge effect", which can cause errors in % I.A.C.S.
values.
If it is not possible to do the test more than 0.25 inch (6,4 mm) away from an
edge, hole, or groove, compare the % I.A.C.S. values for a specific area from
another part that has correct conductivity.
If comparison with another part is not possible, put the probe on the test
surface and adjacent to the edge, hole, or groove. Move the probe away from
the edge, hole, or groove until the % I.A.C.S. value does not change. Record
the value as the minimum "edge-effect" distance.
(3) Measure the conductivity of the inner wheel half, wheel base, side rim, or piston
housing at the locations shown in the applicable Component Maintenance Manual
(CMM). Measure at three or more equally-spaced locations around the part. Refer
to the applicable CMM for conductivity limits and to Table 1 for general reference to
typical conductivity limits.
TABLE 32-40-73-997-001-A01
Typical Conductivity Limits - Table 1
MAXIMUM PERMITTED CONDUCTIVITY

ALUMINUM ALLOY - TEMPER (% I.A.C.S.)
2014-T6 40.5
2014-T61 43.5
2040-T6 36.0
7050-T74 43.0
7075-T73 42.0
If the CMM does not give specific test areas on a wheel half, wheel base, or side
rim, do tests on the areas that follow (refer to Figure 2):
(a) Outer diameter of the tubewell area. The test can also be done on an inner
diameter that is not less than 26.0 inches (66,0 cm) in diameter.
(b) Areas on the mating face adjacent to the holes for the tie bolts and for torque
bar attachment holes
(c) Hub area around the bearing cup (only if the outer diameter is 8 inches
(203,2 mm) or more).
(4) If the conductivity of a part is more than the limit given in the applicable CMM,
discard the part or do a hardness test on the part. Discard the part if the hardness
test is not available or the hardness is less than the specified limit given in the
applicable CMM.
PART 5
CONDUCTIVITY
MEASUREMENT AREA CONDUCTIVITY
FOR THE TUBEWELL MEASUREMENT AREA
(MATING FACE)

OR WHEEL HALF
WHEEL BASE
CONDUCTIVITY
MEASUREMENT AREA
FOR THE HUB
SIDE
RIM
CONDUCTIVITY
MEASUREMENT AREA
MATING
FACE
PISTON
HOUSING
CONDUCTIVITY
MEASUREMENT AREA
Typical Areas for a Conductivity Test on Aluminum Parts

Figure 2 / GRAPHIC 32-40-73-991-002-A01

PART 5

PART 5
HARDNESS TEST - Procedure 2 (Aluminum Parts)
2. PROCEDURE 2 - Hardness Test for Aluminum Parts
A. Purpose
This test measures hardness of aluminum parts (wheel halves, wheel bases, side rims,
or piston housings) possibly damaged by overheat.
Visual inspection of an overheated wheel assembly usually shows discolored paint or

damaged thermal relief plugs (fuse plugs). Damaged thermal relief plugs have cores
that are missing or have started to melt.

the piston housing or discolored hydraulic fluid.
If these parts are possibly damaged by overheat, they can be given a conductivity test
(refer to PROCEDURE 1 - Conductivity Test for Aluminum Parts of PART 5) or a
hardness test.
The hardness test can make a small ridge of metal around the test area. This ridge of
metal must be removed from a surface that must be completely flat.
C. References
(1) ASTM E140 (Standard Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals)
(2) ASTM E10 (Brinell hardness of metallic materials)
(3) ASTM D2583 (Standard test method for indentation hardness of by means of a
Barcol impressor)

PART 5
D. Equipment
(1) Barcol (Barber Coleman Model 934-1) Hardness Tester and Standardization Disk
Sources:
McGoff-Bethune, Inc.
5970 Unity Drive, Suite A
Norcross, Georgia 30071
U.S.A.
Telephone: +1-800-303-4705
Fax: +1-770-840-7514
Web: www.mcgoff-bethune.com
(2) Brinell and Rockwell Hardness Testers and Accessories (Portable and
Bench-Mounted) Sources:
WESTport Corporation
510 Montauk Highway
West Islip, New York 11795
U.S.A.
Telephone: +1-800-876-8589
Fax: +1-631-321-1326
Web: www.westportcorp.com
E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected]
(3) MIC 10 Portable Hardness Tester Sources:
Waygate Technologies
Telephone: +1-844-243-2638
Web: www.bakerhughesds.com/waygate-technologies
(4) New Sonic Sonodur 3 Portable Hardness Tester
Berg Engineering and Sales Company, Inc.

3893 Industrial Ave.
Rolling Meadows, IL 60008
U.S.A.

PART 5
General description of the equipment (refer to Figure 3)
The Barcol hardness tester is portable and easy to operate, but it is necessary to
convert the hardness values shown on the dial to a Brinell value (refer to Table 2 for a
conversion table).
Many Brinell and Rockwell hardness testers (portable and bench-mounted) are
available. Some portable hardness testers are adjustable to test for Brinell or Rockwell
hardness values.
Use standards (disks or blocks of metal) to standardize each type of tester.
ROCKWELL, ROCKWELL
VICKERS, (BENCH
OR BRINELL MOUNTED)
ROCKWELL
BARCOL
Typical Hardness Testers

Figure 3 / GRAPHIC 32-40-73-991-003-A01
Remove paint, corrosion, and contamination from test areas on the test part. If possible,
do the test on flat areas close to the source of heat, but refer to the applicable
Component Maintenance Manual (CMM) for specific test areas.
Use abrasive cloth (#320 or #400 grit) to remove paint only in the areas where the tests
will be done. If possible, do not damage the anodize layer. Clean the part (refer to
CLEANING in PART 1, GENERAL DATA).

PART 5
Standardize the hardness tester with an applicable "standardization disk" or "test block"
for the type of metal in the test part (refer to the instruction manual for the specific
hardness tester).
G. Measure Hardness of Aluminum Parts
(1) Make sure that the hardness tester is standardized with the applicable test load and
indentor for use on the test part.
(2) Recommended procedures:
(a) If possible, locate the hardness tester on the part so that the hardness tester
cannot move during the test. If all three feet of a Barcol hardness tester do not
touch the part, rock the tester very slowly and record the maximum value on
the dial.
If you do the test with a Barcol hardness tester, firmly press straight down on
the tester to do the test. Make sure that the indentor does not slip sideways.
(b) Do hardness tests on a piston housing, wheel half, wheel base, or side rim at
four or more locations. Calculate an average of these hardness values to get a
representative value.
(3) Measure the hardness of the part at the locations shown in the applicable
Component Maintenance Manual (CMM).
NOTE: A conductivity test is usually done first on these areas to verify that a
hardness test is necessary (refer to PROCEDURE 1 - Conductivity Test
for Aluminum Parts of PART 5).
If the CMM does not give specific test areas, do tests on the areas that follow (refer
to Figure 4):
(a) Piston housings - areas on the flat mating face that touch the torque plate
(b) Wheel halves - end of torque (drive) lugs and areas on the mating face
adjacent to tie bolt and torque bar holes
(c) Wheel bases - end of torque (drive) lugs and areas on the outer surface of the
spokes (web area) that are flat or have a large-radius convex surface (do not
do the test on a concave surface or a small-radius convex surface)
(d) Inner wheel halves and wheel bases - on the end of the hub
(e) Side rims - on flat areas of the flange (refer to Figure 4)

PART 5
(4) Record the hardness values. If the test is done with a Barcol hardness tester,
convert the test value to a Brinell value (refer to Table 2).
If conversion between Brinell and Rockwell hardness values is necessary, refer to

Table 3.
If the applicable CMM does not give a specific hardness limit for a part, refer to
Table 4 for minimum hardness values. Reject a part that has a hardness that is less
than the specified minimum hardness.

PART 5
INNER WHEEL HALF HARDNESS

OR MEASUREMENT AREA
WHEEL BASE (MATING FACE)
OR OUTER
WHEEL HALF
HARDNESS TORQUE (DRIVE) LUG

MEASUREMENT
AREA (END OF
TORQUE LUG)
SIDE
HARDNESS RIM
MEASUREMENT
AREA FOR
THE HUB
MATING
FACE
HARDNESS
MEASUREMENT
PISTON AREA
HOUSING
HARDNESS
MEASUREMENT AREA
Typical Hardness Test Locations on Aluminum Parts

Figure 4 / GRAPHIC 32-40-73-991-004-A01

PART 5
TABLE 32-40-73-997-002-A01
Conversion Table for Barcol Hardness Tester for Aluminum Alloys - Table 2
BRINELL HARDNESS
BARCOL HARDNESS (BHN)
79 90
80 94
81 97
82 101
83 105
84 109
85 113
86 117
87 121
88 126
89 130
90 135
TABLE 32-40-73-997-003-A01
Conversion Table (Brinell to Rockwell) for Aluminum Alloys - Table 3
ROCKWELL HARDNESS (Rb SCALE)

BRINELL HARDNESS (BHN)
(WITH 100 KG LOAD AND A 1/16 INCH
(WITH 500 KG LOAD AND A 10 MM BALL) (1,59 MM) BALL)
160 91
155 90
150 89
145 87
140 86
135 84
130 81
125 79
120 76
115 72
110 69
105 65
100 60

PART 5
TABLE 32-40-73-997-004-A01
Hardness Limits - Table 4
MINIMUM MINIMUM
ROCKWELL HARDNESS BRINELL HARDNESS
(Rb SCALE) (BHN)
ALUMINUM ALLOY - TEMPER (WITH 100 KG LOAD AND A (WITH 500 KG LOAD AND A
1/16 INCH (1,59 MM) BALL) 10 MM BALL)
2014-T6 76 120
2014-T61 60 100
2040-T6 79 125
7050-T74 81 130
7075-T73 76 120

PART 5
HARDNESS TEST - Procedure 3 (Steel and Inconel Parts)
3. PROCEDURE 3 - Hardness Test for Steel and Inconel Parts
A. Purpose
This test measures hardness of steel and inconel parts (torque plates, pressure plates,
stator plates, end plates, torque bars, or drive inserts) possibly damaged by overheat.
the piston housing or discolored hydraulic fluid. Visual inspection of an overheated
wheel assembly usually shows discolored paint or thermal relief plugs (fuse plugs) with
the cores that are missing or have started to melt.
The hardness test can make a small ridge of metal around the test area. This ridge of
metal must be removed from a surface that must be completely flat.
C. References
NOTE: Refer to the INTRODUCTION section for sources of reference documents
(1) ASTM E140 (Standard Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals)
(2) ASTM E10 (Brinell hardness of metallic materials)
(3) ASTM E18 (Standard test method for Rockwell hardness and Rockwell superficial
hardness of metallic materials)

PART 5
D. Equipment
General description of the equipment (refer to Figure 3 in PROCEDURE 2)
Many Brinell and Rockwell hardness testers (portable and bench-mounted) are
available. Some portable hardness testers are adjustable to test for Brinell or for
Rockwell hardness values.
Standards (disks or blocks of metal) are necessary for standardization of each type of
tester.
Brinell and Rockwell Hardness Testers (and Accessories) (Portable and

Bench-Mounted) Sources:
WESTport Corporation Waygate Technologies

510 Montauk Highway Telephone: +1-844-243-2638
West Islip, New York 11795 Web: www.bakerhughesds.com/
U.S.A. waygate-technologies
Telephone: +1-800-876-8589 Email:
Fax: +1-631-321-1326 [email protected]
Web: www.westportcorp.com
E-mail: [email protected] or
[email protected]
It is necessary to remove paint, corrosion, protective coatings (nickel plating,

SermeTel®, etc.), and contamination from test areas on the test part. If possible, do the
test on flat areas close to the source of heat, but refer to the applicable Component
Maintenance Manual (CMM) for specific test areas.
Use abrasive cloth (#320 or #400 grit) to remove paint. Refer to CLEANING in PART 1,
GENERAL DATA, for procedures to clean the part.
Standardize the hardness tester with an applicable "standardization disk" or "test block".
G. Measure Hardness of Steel or Inconel Parts
(1) Make sure the hardness tester is standardized with the applicable test load and
indentor for use on the test part.
(2) Recommended procedures:
(a) If possible, locate the hardness tester on the part so that the hardness tester
cannot move during the test.

PART 5
(b) If the test is done with a portable hardness tester, firmly press straight down on
the hardness tester to do the test. Make sure the indentor does not slip
sideways.
(c) Do hardness tests on a torque plate, pressure plate, stator plate, or end plate
at four or more locations. Calculate an average of these hardness values to get
a representative value. If one of the four hardness values is much different than
the other three values, use only the three values that are almost the same.
(3) Measure the hardness of the part at the locations shown in the applicable
Component Maintenance Manual (CMM).
If the CMM gives hardness limits, but does not give specific test areas, do tests on
the areas that follow (refer to Figure 5):
(a) Torque plates - areas on a torque lug or on the flat mating face that touches the
piston housing
(b) Pressure plates, stator plates, or end plates - on drive lugs or on flat areas
adjacent to drive slots
(c) Torque bars - on flat areas that are not drive surfaces (top or bottom surfaces)
(d) Rotors - on flat areas adjacent to drive slots (or on links of segmented rotors as
shown in Figure 5).

PART 5
TORQUE PLATE TOP

WITH TORQUE LUG
SEGMENTED ROTOR
TORQUE LUGS
SOLID ROTOR
WIDE
TORQUE LUG
DRIVE
SLOTS
PRESSURE PLATE,
STATOR PLATE, 2-1693-70
DRIVE LUGS OR END PLATE
TORQUE PLATE
WITH
DRIVE SLOTS
TORQUE BAR
NOTE: An asterisk (*) shows the hardness test locations.
Typical Areas for a hardness Test on Steel or Inconel Parts

Figure 5 / GRAPHIC 32-40-73-991-005-A01

PART 5
(4) Record the hardness values.
If conversion between Brinell and Rockwell hardness values is necessary, refer to

Table 5 (reference: ASTM standard E140 - Table 1).
TABLE 32-40-73-997-005-A01
Conversion Table (Brinell to Rockwell) for Steel Parts - Table 5
ROCKWELL HARDNESS (Rc SCALE)

BRINELL HARDNESS (BHN)
(WITH 150 KG LOAD AND A
(WITH 3000 KG LOAD AND A 10 MM BALL) BRALE INDENTOR)
390 42
381 41
371 40
362 39
353 38
344 37
336 36
327 35
319 34
311 33
301 32
294 31
286 30
279 29

PART 5

PART 6
EDDY CURRENT TEST
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
PROCEDURE 1 - Eddy Current Test with a Wheel Inspection Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Effectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Preparation of the Part for the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Preparation of the Wheel Inspection Machine for the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Inspection of Wheel Halves or Wheel Bases with a Wheel Inspection Machine . . . 7
Identification of Typical Indications of Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
PROCEDURE 2 - Eddy Current Test with a Contour Bead Seat Probe . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Effectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Preparation of the Eddy Current Test Instrument for the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Inspect Wheel Halves, Wheel Bases, or Side Rims with a Contour,
Differential-Coil, Bead Seat Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Identification of Typical Indications of Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
PROCEDURE 3 - Eddy Current Test with a Pencil Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Effectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Inspect Wheel Halves, Wheel Bases, Side Rims, or Piston Housings with a Pencil
Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
PROCEDURE 4 - Eddy Current Inspection of Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Effectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Inspect Tie Bolt Holes or Torque Bar Holes in Wheel Halves and Wheel Bases . . . 22
PROCEDURE 5 - Eddy Current Inspection of Inconel Bolts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Effectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Preparation of the Bolt for the Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Inspect Inconel Bolts (with a shank diameter of 3/8 to 3/4 inch) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

PART 6
EDDY CURRENT TEST
1. PURPOSE
An appropriate test, paragraph 4 through 5, finds cracks or other defects (which includes
corrosion) on the surface of aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, or Inconel parts (wheel
halves, wheel bases, side rims, piston housings, or tie bolts).
NOTE: This test is also known by other names such as: EC, Magnatest®, or
Electromagnetic Testing (ET).
An eddy current test can be done on ferromagnetic parts, but analysis of the results is not
easy because of residual magnetism in the part.
PROCEDURE 1 - Eddy current test with a wheel inspection machine, which gives automatic
inspection of the bead seat and the tubewell
PROCEDURE 2 - Eddy current test with a contour bead seat probe, which is a
hand-operated, quick test of the bead seat
PROCEDURE 3 - Eddy current test with a pencil probe, which is a hand-operated, slow test
of different areas on wheel parts and on piston housings. This test possibly will not find a
very small crack.
PROCEDURE 4 - Eddy current test of tie bolt holes and torque bar holes with a motor-driven
probe that turns
PROCEDURE 5 - Eddy current test of Inconel bolts with a special inspection fixture
3. REFERENCES
NOTE: SAE = Society of Automotive Engineers

MIL = Military standards
A. SAE-AIR4774 (Nondestructive Inspection (NDI) Methods used during Production and

Operation of Aircraft Wheels and Brakes)
B. MIL-HDBK-728/2 (Eddy Current Testing)
C. MIL-HDBK-6870 (Inspection Program Requirements, Nondestructive for Aircraft and

Missile Materials and Parts)

PART 6
EDDY CURRENT TEST - Procedure 1 (Wheel Inspection Machine)
4. PROCEDURE 1 - Eddy Current Test with a Wheel Inspection Machine
A. Effectivity
This procedure inspects for cracks in aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy wheel halves
and wheel bases.
B. Equipment
(1) Aircraft Wheel Inspection Machine Sources:
Waygate Technologies Andec Manufacturing, LTD

Telephone: +1-844-243-2638 124, Skyway Avenue
Web: www.bakerhughesds.com/waygate- Toronto, Ontario
technologies Canada, M9W 4Y9
Email: [email protected] Telephone: +1-416-213-8000
Fax: +1-416-213-8004

PART 6
(2) Test Standard for forged aluminum parts - a wheel half or wheel base with a
standard electrical-discharge-machined (EDM) notch that is a semicircular shape
and is 0.030 inch (0,76 mm) deep, 0.004 to 0.005 inch (0,10 to 0,13 mm) wide, and
0.060 inch (1,52 mm) long (refer to the NOTE that follows).
Some wheels have inner and outer wheel halves that are different aluminum alloys.
A test standard that is made from an inner or outer wheel half can be used for
standardization of the inspection machine. Center the indicator dot for the test of a
different alloy than the test standard (this does not affect other standardization
settings).
(3) Test Standard for cast aluminum or magnesium parts - a wheel half or wheel base
with a standard electrical-discharge-machined (EDM) notch that is a semicircular
shape and is 0.030 inch (0,76 mm) deep, 0.005 to 0.008 inch (0,13 to 0,20 mm)
wide, and 0.120 inch (3,05 mm) long.
C. Preparation of the Part for the Test
(1) Clean the inspection area on the wheel half or wheel base to remove contamination
such as dirt, tire rubber, small non-ferrous metal particles, etc. (refer to CLEANING
in PART 1, GENERAL DATA).
(2) Repair damaged areas in the inspection area that could cause the probe to bounce
or cause damage to the probe (refer to the applicable Component Maintenance
Manual (CMM) for repair limits and procedures).
Inspection can be done on a corroded area that is not repaired, but the corrosion
can cause indications of a crack.
D. Preparation of the Aircraft Wheel Inspection Machine for the Test (Refer to Figure 1)
Prepare and standardize the machine at the start of each day that parts will be
inspected with the machine. Prepare and standardize the machine as follows:
NOTE: Refer to the applicable manual for instructions on correct use of the machine.
(1) Examine the Teflon® tape on the probe. If a hole is worn in the tape and the probe
is exposed, turn the probe to an unworn area of the tape or install new tape on the
probe.

PART 6
PAPER STRIP
(TRACE RECORD)
WHEEL HALF PROBE

WORK SURFACE
(CONVEYOR ROLLERS)
RAM
CONTROL PANEL
Typical Aircraft Wheel Inspection Machine

Figure 1 / GRAPHIC 32-40-74-991-001-A01

PART 6
(2) Use a scale to measure from the top of the rollers to the "start" and "end" locations
on the "test standard" wheel half or wheel base (refer to Figure 2). Set the "start
height" and "end height" dials to match the measurements.
"TEST STANDARD"
WHEEL HALF OR WHEEL BASE
MID-POINT
OF RADIUS
TUBEWELL
REFER TO THE
APPLICABLE CMM
FOR THE MINIMUM
SCAN AREA
START END
RAM ROLLERS HEIGHT HEIGHT
Start and End Locations for Eddy Current Inspection

Figure 2 / GRAPHIC 32-40-74-991-002-A01
(3) Adjust the frequency to 200 kHz. This lower frequency gives a stronger indication of
cracks with less background noise and decreases the number of repairs that are
necessary to get a satisfactory eddy current inspection.
Adjust the gain to 40.0 dB.
NOTE: Because there are many brands and models of test instruments, refer to
the applicable manual on correct use of your instrument.
(4) Do a full inspection scan of the "test standard" wheel half or wheel base. Use
appropriate data from the scan to set acceptance or rejection limits for subsequent
inspections.
A trace from the scan of a "test standard" wheel half or wheel base shown in
Figure 3 shows approximately six indications of the "defect" (machined notch).
These six indications are shown as the probe moves over the defect during eight
full turns of the part.
The "defect" (machined notch) has a semicircular shape and is 0.030 inch
(0,76 mm) deep, 0.005 inch (0,13 mm) wide, and 0.060 inch (1,52 mm) long.
The lift-off signal trace shows an area with a decreased signal that is caused as the
probe goes through the bead seat area, where the probe is surrounded by more
metal.

PART 6
BEAD SEAT AREA ON

THE TEST STANDARD
DEFECT
SIGNAL
LIFT-OFF
SIGNAL
Trace for a "Test Standard" Wheel Half or Wheel Base

Figure 3 / GRAPHIC 32-40-74-991-003-A01
E. Inspection of Wheel Halves or Wheel Bases with a Wheel Inspection Machine
(1) Put an appropriate adapter (for the wheel half) on the ram. Put the wheel half or
wheel base (flange down) on the adapter.
(2) It is recommended to inspect the full tire contact area if there is no specified
inspection area in the CMM). Set the "start height" and "end height" dials to match
the measurements (refer to Figure 2 and to the applicable CMM for the minimum
inspection area limits).
(3) When the inspection scan is done, examine the trace on the paper strip. Mark
indications that are larger than the trace height that was made by the "test
standard" wheel half. Refer to Figure 4 for an example of a trace with indications of
a defect as shown by the one group of vertical deflections. Cracks in this location
are very possible because there are no deflections or very small deflections in the
lift-off signal in this same area.
If visual inspection of the area(s) shows a defect, discard the part or repair the
defect(s) (refer to the applicable CMM for repair procedures and limits).
After a part is repaired, start another full inspection scan. If the trace is satisfactory,
the part is satisfactory for service.

PART 6
LIFT-OFF DEFECT DEFECT

SIGNAL SIGNAL
100
80
60
40
10
0
STANDARDIZATION SIGNAL
FROM TEST BLOCK
Trace for an In-Service Wheel Half or Wheel Base

Figure 4 / GRAPHIC 32-40-74-991-004-A01

PART 6
F. Identification of Typical Indications of Defects
The trace shown in Figure 4 is made by inspection scans of a common wheel half that
has a typical defect.
Each scan trace contains a "defect signal" trace that identifies defects in the test part,
and a "lift-off signal" trace that identifies where the probe has lifted (bounced) off of the
test part’s surface.
The "lift-off signal" trace can help identify types of "defect signal" traces as follows:
(1) Many small defect signal deflections can be caused by many small probe
lift-offs (shown by many small lift-off deflections in the same area of the trace record
strip). This can happen more easily in the bead seat area. Use a pencil probe, if
necessary, to inspect an area that possibly has a defect (refer to PROCEDURE 3 -
Eddy Current Test with a Pencil Probe in PART 6).
(2) Large lift-off signal deflections, in the same area of the trace record strip as smaller
defect signal deflections, usually identifies areas of corrosion or contamination on
the part.
After a part is repaired, do another inspection. If the test result is satisfactory, the part is
satisfactory for service.
If the signal gives an indication of a crack, but the signal is smaller than the signal from
the notch in the EDM standard, visually inspect the area for contamination, corrosion, or
shallow damage.
If the signal is larger than the signal from the notch in the EDM standard, the part usually
has a crack.
If the signal has an unusual shape and moves to a different area on the display, the
signal can be caused by large grain size. Also, this type of signal appears for a
longer-than-usual movement of the probe. A part with this type of signal is satisfactory
for service.
If visual inspection of the area(s) shows a defect, discard the part or repair the defect(s)
(refer to the applicable CMM for repair procedures and limits).

PART 6

PART 6
EDDY CURRENT TEST - Procedure 2 (Contour Probe)
5. PROCEDURE 2 - Eddy Current Test with a Contour Bead Seat Probe
A. Effectivity
This procedure inspects for cracks in aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy wheel halves
and wheel bases.
B. Equipment
A contour probe is a block of non-conductive material that is molded to fit the contour of
the bead seat and tubewell (refer to Figure 5). This contour probe has embedded coils
in locations that permit a full inspection scan of the bead seat and tubewell with one
pass.
NOTE: The bead seats of inner and outer wheel halves from the same wheel
assembly can be eddy current inspected with the same probe. Use the inner
or outer wheel half as a guide to make the probe. The probe must be able to
find the electrical-discharge-machined (EDM) inspection notch in the NDT
Standard (refer to paragraphs 5.B.(2) & (3) that follow).
TEST INSTRUMENT WHEEL HALF

OR
WHEEL BASE
CONTOUR PROBE
Typical Contour Probe and Typical Test Instrument

Figure 5 / GRAPHIC 32-40-74-991-005-A01

PART 6
(1) Portable Eddy Current Test Instrument and Contour Probe Sources:

Staveley Instruments, Inc. Versatile Products
421 North Quay Street P.O. Box 567
Kennewick, Washington 99336 Higgins Lake, Michigan 48627
U.S.A. U.S.A.
Web: www.staveleyndt.com Fax: +1-989-821-7424
(2) NDT Standard for forged aluminum parts - a section of a wheel half or wheel base
with a standard electrical-discharge-machined (EDM) notch that is a semicircular
shape and is 0.030 inch (0,76 mm) deep, 0.004 to 0.005 inch (0,10 to 0,13 mm)
wide, and 0.060 inch (1,52 mm) long (refer to the NOTE that follows).
A test standard that is made from an inner or outer wheel half can be used for
standardization of the inspection machine. Center the indicator dot for the test of a
different alloy than the test standard (this does not affect other standardization
settings).
(3) NDT Standard for cast aluminum or magnesium parts - a section of a wheel half or
wheel base with a standard electrical-discharge-machined (EDM) notch that is a
semicircular shape and is 0.030 inch (0,76 mm) deep, 0.005 to 0.008 inch
(0,13 to 0,20 mm) wide, and 0.120 inch (3,05 mm) long (refer to the NOTE that
follows).
NOTE: Collins Aerospace can supply NDT standards (at no cost), when
available. Contact:
Goodrich Corporation
A part of Collins Aerospace
101 Waco Street
Troy, Ohio 45373
U.S.A.
Telephone: +1-937-339-3811
(1) Clean the inspection area on the wheel half, wheel base, or side rim to remove
contamination such as dirt, tire rubber, small non-ferrous metal particles, etc. (refer
to CLEANING in PART 1, GENERAL DATA). Also clean the part with a solvent and
permit the part to dry.

PART 6
(2) Repair damaged areas in the inspection area that could cause the probe to lift or
cause damage to the probe (refer to the applicable Component Maintenance
Manual (CMM) for repair limits and procedures).
D. Preparation of the Eddy Current Test Instrument for the Test
Prepare and standardize the test instrument as follows at the start of each day that parts
will be inspected with the instrument:
NOTE: Because there are many brands and models of test instruments, refer to the
applicable manual for instructions on correct use and settings of your
instrument.
(1) Examine the Teflon® tape on the contour probe. If a hole is worn in the tape and the
probe is exposed, remove the worn tape and install new tape on the probe.
(2) Press the balance or null button on the instrument to center the indicator dot on the
display. Watch the indicator dot and carefully move each cable connection. If the
dot moves, tighten or repair the connector or replace the cable.
(3) Adjust the frequency to 80 to 500 kHz or to the frequency shown on the probe or
probe certification document.
(4) Put the contour probe firmly against the bead seat of the NDT standard, but not
over the EDM test notch.
(5) Press the balance or null button to center the indicator dot on the display. If
necessary, turn the position knob to center the dot.
(6) Make sure the indicator dot shows "lift-off" as follows:
Lift one side of the probe approximately 0.020 inch (0,51 mm) from the tubewell.
The indicator dot should move to the 9:00 o’clock position.
Put the contour probe firmly against the bead seat again and lift the other side of
the probe approximately 0.020 inch (0,51 mm) from the tubewell. The indicator dot
should move to the 3:00 to 5:00 o’clock position. If movement of the dot does not
correspond to the side of the probe that is lifted, the cables can be removed and
attached again to the opposite instrument connectors.
(7) Keep the contour probe firmly against the bead seat of the NDT standard and slide
it over the EDM test notch. Repeat this to find the speed that gives the best signal in
the 10:00 to 11:00 and 4:00 to 5:00 o’clock directions.

PART 6
(8) Adjust the sensitivity or gain to cause the signal to move approximately two squares
in the up direction and in the down direction as the probe moves over the notch.
(9) If "gates" (or alarms) are turned on and are adjustable, the recommended setting is
1.75 squares.
E. Inspect Wheel Halves, Wheel Bases, or Side Rims with a Contour, Differential-coil,
Bead Seat Probe
(1) Put the probe in the bead seat of the part and press the balance or null button on
the instrument to center the indicator dot on the display. If the part is made of a
different alloy than the test standard, the dot can be off center and it can be
necessary to use the position knob to center the dot.
(2) Put the wheel half, wheel base, or side rim on a turntable, hold the probe firmly on
the bead seat, and slowly turn the part until the full bead seat is inspected. Turn the
part (or move the probe) at the same speed that was found to give the best signal in
the standardization procedure.
To inspect the full area shown in Figure 2, continue to turn the part and move the
probe farther away from the flange after each full turn. If necessary, use spacers
between the probe and the flange to keep the probe aligned to prevent "liftoff
errors". A pencil probe may be used when the contour probe is not long enough to
inspect the full area.
NOTE: The bead seats of inner and outer wheel halves, or of a wheel base and
side rim, from the same wheel assembly can be eddy current inspected
with the same probe.
If an out-of-limit indication is found, do the inspection again, if necessary, so that the

technician can see the area(s) that caused the indication. Refer to paragraph F that
follows to identify defects.
After a part is repaired, do another inspection. If the test result is satisfactory, the
part is satisfactory for service.
the notch in the EDM standard, visually inspect the area for contamination, corrosion, or
shallow damage.
NOTE: Shallow pits or corrosion can possibly cause indications that are not shown
by repeated inspection scans.
If the signal is larger than the signal from the notch in the EDM standard, the part usually
has a crack. Also, a crack usually causes a quick change in the signal as the probe
passes over the crack.

PART 6
If the signal has an unusual shape and moves to a different area on the display, the
signal can be caused by large grain size (if a crack cannot be found). Also, this type of
signal appears for a longer-than-usual movement of the probe. A part with this type of
signal is satisfactory for service.

PART 6

PART 6
EDDY CURRENT TEST - Procedure 3 (Pencil Probe)
6. PROCEDURE 3 - Eddy Current Test with a Pencil Probe
A. Effectivity
Use a pencil probe to find defects in aluminum piston housings.
Use a wheel inspection machine or a contour probe to inspect for cracks in aluminum
alloy or magnesium alloy wheel halves and wheel bases. Then, if necessary, use a
pencil probe to find the exact location of a defect in these parts. Also use a pencil probe
to inspect areas on these parts that cannot be inspected with a wheel inspection
machine or a contour probe.
B. Equipment
NOTE: The probe must be able to find the electrical-discharge-machined (EDM)

inspection notch in the Standardization Blocks (refer to paragraph 6.B.(2) that
follows).
(1) Portable Eddy Current Test Instrument and Pencil Probe Sources:

U.S.A. U.S.A.
(2) Standardization Block Refer to the NOTE that follows:
A typical standardization block has three EDM test notches, one that is 0.008 inch
(0,2 mm) deep, one that is 0.020 inch (0,5 mm) deep, and one that is 0.040 inch
(1,00 mm) deep (for standardization and lift-off of a hand-held probe).
A standardization block that is made from one alloy of the two alloys can be used
for standardization of the test instrument. Center the indicator dot for the test of a
different alloy than the standardization block (this does not affect other
standardization settings).
NOTE: Standardization blocks are available from NDT supply companies.

PART 6
(1) Clean the inspection area on the part to remove contamination such as dirt, tire
rubber, small non-ferrous metal particles, etc. (refer to CLEANING in PART 1,
GENERAL DATA). Also clean the part with a solvent and permit the part to dry.
(2) Repair damaged areas in the inspection area that could cause the probe to lift off of
the part (refer to the applicable Component Maintenance Manual (CMM) for repair
limits and procedures).
Prepare and standardize the test instrument at the start of each day that parts will be
inspected with the instrument. Prepare and standardization the test instrument as
follows:
applicable manual for instructions on correct use of your instrument.
(1) Examine the Teflon® tape on the probe. If the end the probe is exposed, remove
the worn tape and install new tape on the probe.
(2) Adjust the test instrument to the recommended settings.
(3) Attach the inspection probe to the cable on the instrument. Attach a test load
("dummy load") or another similar probe to the other cable on the instrument. If the
"overload" light turns on, adjust the "probe drive" just enough to turn off the light.
(4) Press the balance or null button on the instrument to center the indicator dot on the
display. Watch the indicator dot and carefully move the cable connection. If the dot
moves, tighten or repair the connector or replace the cable.
(5) Clean the standardization block with a solvent and permit the standardization block
to dry.
(6) Hold the pencil probe perpendicular (in a vertical 90° position) to the
standardization block, but not over an EDM test notch in the standardization block.
Press the balance or null button to center the indicator dot on the display. If
necessary, turn the position knob to center the dot.
(7) Adjust the phase ("lift-off") control until the dot moves in a horizontal direction each
time that the probe is lifted from the surface of the standardization block.

PART 6
(8) Slide the pencil probe over the EDM test notch that is 0.040 inch (1,00 mm) deep in
the standardization block. Adjust the sensitivity to cause the signal to move one
square or more in the up direction and in the down direction as the probe moves
over the notch.
E. Inspect Wheel Halves, Wheel Bases, Side Rims, or Piston Housings with a Pencil Probe
(1) Put the probe on the part and press the balance or null button or the position knob
on the instrument to center the indicator dot on the display.
(2) Put a wheel half, wheel base, or side rim on a turntable. Move the probe in a
"zig-zag" or "circular" pattern over the area to be inspected (refer to Figure 6
and Figure 7). Make sure that each probe movement path overlaps the previous
path.
If the probe is held by a probe holder, a round part centered on a turntable can be
slowly turned past the probe. Each full turn of the part, with the position of the probe
changed for each full turn, permits a complete inspection of the area (refer to
Figure 7). Make sure that the probe is always perpendicular (in a vertical 90°
position) to the area being inspected.
Refer to paragraph F that follows to identify defects.
After a part is repaired, do another inspection. If the test result is satisfactory, the
part is satisfactory for service.
ZIG-ZAG
SCAN
PATTERN REFER TO THE
APPLICABLE CMM
PENCIL FOR THE
PROBE SPECIFIED AREA
NOT MORE
THAN 75% 0.180 (4,57)
OF COIL MIN.
DIA. IN THE
PENCIL PROBE
TANGENT
NOTE: DIMENSIONS SHOWN ARE IN INCHES (MM). POINT
Typical "Zig-Zag" Scan Pattern

Figure 6 / GRAPHIC 32-40-74-991-006-A01

PART 6
CIRCULAR
SCAN
PATTERN REFER TO THE
TURN THE PART
APPLICABLE CMM
PENCIL FOR THE
PROBE SPECIFIED AREA
NOT MORE
THAN 75%
OF COIL 0.180 (4,57)
DIA. IN THE MIN.
PENCIL PROBE
TANGENT
NOTE: DIMENSIONS SHOWN ARE IN INCHES (MM). POINT
Typical "Circular" Scan Pattern

Figure 7 / GRAPHIC 32-40-74-991-007-A01
the notch in the standardization block, visually inspect the area for contamination,
corrosion, or shallow damage. A small crack is possible.
NOTE: Shallow pits or corrosion can possibly cause indications that are not shown
by repeated inspection scans.
If the signal is larger than the signal from the notch in the standardization block, the part
usually has a crack. Also, a crack usually causes a quick change in the signal as the
probe passes over the crack.

PART 6
7. PROCEDURE 4 - Eddy Current Inspection of Holes
A. Effectivity
This procedure inspects for cracks in 3/16 inch diameter or larger holes in aluminum
alloy or magnesium alloy wheel halves and wheel bases.
B. Equipment
NOTE: The probe must be able to find the electrical-discharge-machined (EDM)

inspection notch in a standardization block.
A typical standardization block has three EDM test notches, one that is 0.008 inch
(0,2 mm) deep, one that is 0.020 inch (0,5 mm) deep, and one that is 0.040 inch (1,00
mm) deep (for standardization and lift-off of a hand-held probe).
Some wheels have inner and outer wheel halves that are different aluminum alloys. A
standardization block that is made from one alloy of the two alloys can be used for
standardization of the test instrument. Center the indicator dot for the test of a different
alloy than the standardization block (this does not affect other standardization settings).
A Portable Eddy Current Test Instrument, a Motor-driven Scanner, Probe, and

Standardization Block Sources:

U.S.A. U.S.A.
It is necessary to remove dirt, grease, and tire rubber from the test part, but it is not
necessary to remove paint. Refer to CLEANING in PART 1, GENERAL DATA, for
procedures to clean the part.

PART 6
Prepare and standardize the test instrument at the start of each day that parts will be
inspected with the instrument:
applicable manual for instructions on correct use of your instrument.
E. Inspect Tie Bolt Holes or Torque Bar Holes in Wheel Halves or Wheel Bases
Refer to the applicable Component Maintenance Manual (CMM) for defect limits and to
instructions in the manual for your test instrument.

PART 6
EDDY CURRENT TEST - Procedure 4 (Hole Inspection)
8. PROCEDURE 5 - Eddy Current Inspection of Inconel Bolts
A. Effectivity
This procedure inspects 3/8 inch (9,5 mm) diameter or larger Inconel bolts for cracks in
the threads or in the radius under the head.
B. Equipment
(1) General description of the equipment
The eddy current test instrument induces an electromagnetic field from inspection
coils into the shank and threads of a bolt (refer to Figure 9 for an example of typical
equipment). A defect in the radius under the head of the bolt or the in bolt threads
disrupts the electromagnetic field which is monitored by the test instrument.
A test for accuracy of the test instrument and the inspection coils is done at
specified intervals on "standardization bolts". Each standardization bolt, purchased
or locally manufactured, must be the same type and size as the bolt that will be
inspected and must have notches as shown in Figure 8.
(2) Eddy Current Test Instrument (A test instrument which includes inspection coils
that operate at a frequency of 700kHz to 1 MHz is recommended.)
(3) Test Instruments and Inspection Coils Sources:

U.S.A. U.S.A.
(4) Standardization Bolt Sources:
Romann Inc.
114 Perimeter Road
Nashua, NH 03063
U.S.A.
Telephone: +1-603-595- 4220
Fax: +1-603-595-4221
Web: www.rohmann.com

PART 6
EDDY CURRENT TEST - Procedure 4 (Hole Inspection)
NOTCH 1
(IN THE SHANK RADIUS)
0.025 - 0.035
NOTCH 2 (0,64 - 0,89)
(IN THE 3RD OR 4TH FULL
DEPTH THREAD ROOT)
NOTE: DIMENSIONS SHOWN ARE IN INCHES (MM).
A standardization bolt must have a notch in the head-to-shank radius (Notch 1) and a notch in the
third or fourth thread root (Notch 2) opposite Notch 1 (180° apart). Cut each notch (in the direction
of the circumference) with a saw or with EDM equipment to the dimensions that follow:
Width: 0.002 - 0.010 inch (0,05 - 0,25 mm)

Depth in the shank area: 0.025 - 0.035 inch (0,64 - 0,89 mm) from the shank outer
diameter
Depth in the threaded area: 0.025 - 0.035 inch (0,64 - 0,89 mm) from the thread root
diameter
NDT Notch Locations in a Standardization Bolt

Figure 8 / GRAPHIC 32-40-74-991-008-A01
C. Preparation of the Bolt for the Test
(1) Clean the test bolt to remove contamination (refer to CLEANING in PART 1,
GENERAL DATA).
(2) Inspect the test bolt for a rough surface, which can cause indications of a crack.
Prepare and standardize the test instrument as follows at the start of each day that parts
will be inspected with the instrument:
NOTE: Because there are different brands and models of test instruments, refer to
the applicable manual for instructions on correct use of your instrument.

PART 6
EDDY CURRENT TEST - Procedure 5 (Bolt Inspection)
(1) Install the appropriate cradle on the base plate (refer to Figure 9).
Example of Eddy Current Test Equipment for Inspection of Inconel Bolts

Figure 9 / GRAPHIC 32-40-74-991-009-A01
(2) Clean the standardization bolt to remove contamination (refer to CLEANING in

PART 1, GENERAL DATA).
(3) Inspect the standardization bolt for a rough surface, which can cause indications of
a crack.
(4) Inconel bolts usually have a "passivated" surface treatment (no plating), but some
bolts are cadmium-plated. Special inspection coils and adjustments that give a
three-to-one signal-to-noise ratio are recommended for inspection of
cadmium-plated bolts.
(5) Put the standardization bolt in the cradle and move the motor carriage until the
socket fully engages the bolt head.
(6) Turn the standardization bolt enough for a full inspection of the bolt threads and the
bolt shoulder (radius under the bolt head). The bolt can be turned in the opposite
direction for a second inspection.

PART 6
Adjust all of the controls (refer to the manual). Adjust the signals as necessary to
give a signal as shown in Figure 10 for a no-flaw signal and Figure 11 for a flaw
signal.
If necessary, adjust the gain to make sure that the alarm sounds when the EDM
inspection notches are found in the standardization bolt.
E. Inspect Inconel Bolts (with a shank diameter of 3/8 to 3/4 inch)
(1) Put the test bolt in the cradle and move the motor carriage until the socket fully
engages the bolt head.
(2) Turn the bolt enough for a full inspection of the bolt threads and the bolt shoulder
(radius under the bolt head). The bolt can be turned in the opposite direction for a
second inspection.
If an out-of-limit indication is found, or the alarm sounded, do the inspection again, if

necessary, so that the technician can see the area(s) that caused the indication.
Refer to paragraph F that follows to identify defects.
(1) General
If the signal gives an indication of a crack, but the signal is smaller than the signal
from the EDM notch in the standardization bolt, visually inspect the area for
contamination, corrosion, or shallow damage. A small crack is possible.
NOTE: Shallow pits or corrosion can possibly cause indications that are not
shown by repeated inspection scans.
If the signal is larger than the signal from the notch in the standardization bolt, the
test bolt usually has a crack. Also, a crack usually causes a quick change in the
signal as the inspection coil passes over the crack.
The trace example from the scan of a tie bolt with no defects is shown in Figure 10.
The trace example shown in Figure 11 is made by an inspection scan of an Inconel
tie bolt that has typical defects.
Each scan inspects the bolt threads and the bolt shoulder (radius under the bolt
head).
Each scan trace contains a "defect signal" trace that identifies defects in the test
bolt.

PART 6
(2) Trace for an Inconel Bolt with No Defects
The defect signal traces shown in Figure 10 have very small deflections which
shows that the test bolt has no defects.
Trace for an Inconel Bolt with No Defects

Figure 10 / GRAPHIC 32-40-74-991-010-A01
(3) Traces for an Inconel Bolt with Defects
The defect signal traces shown in Figure 11 have large deflections which shows
that the test bolt has defects in the radius and in the threads.
Trace for an Inconel Bolt with Defects

Figure 11 / GRAPHIC 32-40-74-991-011-A01
PART 6

PART 7
MAGNETIC PARTICLE INSPECTION (Wet, Fluorescent)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Preparation of the Part for the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Inspect Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1. PURPOSE
This test finds cracks on the surface and small cracks just below the surface of
ferromagnetic parts (torque plates, bolts, drive inserts, etc.). The test can be done on plated
parts if it is permitted by the Component Maintenance Manual (CMM), but remove paint on
parts before the test.
NOTE: Steel bolts can also be inspected for cracks with an ultrasonic test (refer to
PART 4 ULTRASONIC TEST FOR BOLTS). Inconel or Titanium bolts can be
inspected only by eddy current inspection (refer to PART 6 EDDY CURRENT
TEST) or with an ultrasonic or penetrant test.
Personnel cannot wear eyeglasses with tinted lenses or with lenses that get dark when they
are exposed to ultraviolet (black) light or sunlight.
3. REFERENCES

DOD = Department of Defense
SAE = Society of Automotive Engineers
A. ASTM E1444 (Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination)
B. DOD-F-87935 (Fluid, Magnetic Particle Inspection, Suspension (Metric))
C. SAE-AMS-2641 (Magnetic Particle Inspection Vehicle)
D. SAE-AMS-3044 (Magnetic Particles, Fluorescent, Wet Method, Dry Powder)

PART 7
4. EQUIPMENT
Other equipment is permitted if it gives equivalent results and obeys specifications in

ASTM E1444 (or an equivalent international standard).
A. Magnetic Particle Test Machine - that is stationary, wet, and horizontal type. A machine
is recommended that is rated to at least 5000 amperes AC and 5000 amperes HWDC
and has a 20 inch (50,8 cm) diameter coil (usually five turns). If internal demagnetization
is not included, a separate demagnetizing machine is necessary.
NOTE: Contact prods are not permitted.
Test Machine (and all Equipment in the List that follows) Sources:
*Gould-Bass Company, Inc. Magnaflux

1431 West 2nd Street 3624 West Lake Avenue
Pomona, California 91766-1202 Glenview, Illinois 60025
U.S.A. U.S.A.
Fax: +1-909-629-1467 Fax: +1-847-657-5388
* Parent company for Ardrox
B. Magnaglo 14A Magnetic Particles or equivalent (refer to SAE-AMS3044) - available

from Magnaflux (refer to the address shown above) or from an NDT equipment supplier.
C. Base Oil HF - Magnetic Particle Oil (Inspection Vehicle) (refer to SAE-AMS2641 or

DOD-F-87935) available from Gould-Bass or Magnaflux (refer to the addresses shown
above) or from an NDT equipment supplier.
D. Supplies and Accessories (available from an NDT equipment supplier):
(1) Black Light - supplies ultraviolet light with wavelengths in the range of
3300 - 3900 Angstroms
(2) Magnetic Field Indicator - with Hall-Effect Probe
(3) Field Strength Indicator - Gauss Meter or Pie-field Indicator
(4) Amperes Test Meter - for machine calibration
(5) "Shot" Duration Timer - for machine calibration
(6) Radiometer - for black light and white light calibration
(7) Known-defective part - represents the test part and is purchased or locally made by
instructions given by Level III personnel
(8) Ketos Ring - for machine calibration
(9) Particle Concentration Test Kit - 100 ml centrifuge tube and settling stand

PART 7
5. PREPARATION OF THE PART FOR THE TEST

A. Removal of grease, corrosion, scale, and other contamination is necessary from test
areas on the test part (refer to the applicable Component Maintenance Manual (CMM)
for specific test areas). Remove paint on parts if tests on known-defective parts show
that defects cannot be found through the paint layer.
Refer to CLEANING in PART 1, GENERAL DATA, for procedures to remove paint (if
necessary) and to clean the part.
B. Removal of plating is not recommended unless removal is permitted by the applicable

CMM.
C. Removal of residual magnetism is necessary if the test part has more than three Gauss
of negative or positive residual magnetism.
D. Make sure the test part temperature is less than 135°F (57°C) during the test procedure.
6. PREPARATION OF THE EQUIPMENT FOR THE TEST
WARNING: DO NOT TOUCH PARTS ENERGIZED WITH ELECTRICAL CURRENT. DO

NOT USE THIS EQUIPMENT IN AREAS WITH WATER ON THE FLOOR.
WEAR RUBBER GLOVES RATED FOR ELECTRICAL WORK AND
RUBBER-SOLED SHOES OR BOOTS. ELECTROCUTION IS POSSIBLE
IF YOU DO NOT OBEY THESE PROCEDURES.
ASTM E1444 contains many quality inspections (with appropriate records of these
inspections). Do these quality inspections at the specified frequencies.
7. INSPECT PARTS
This procedure gives a general description of a "wet fluorescent continuous" test that can be
done with "circular magnetization" and/or "longitudinal magnetization". Make adjustments to
a test as necessary for each type of part to be inspected.
A. Inspect Equipment - do the necessary inspections of the equipment and bath mixture
(refer to paragraph 6.).
B. Circulate the Bath Mixture - turn on the pump to circulate the bath mixture for 30
minutes or more before the test procedure.
C. Inspect Test Parts - make sure that the parts to be inspected are clean, dry, and at the
correct temperature (refer to paragraph 5.).
D. Wait for Eye Adjustment - before inspection is done on a part, wait for one minute or
more after the dark inspection area is entered and for one minute if you looked directly
at the ultraviolet (black) light source. This will let the eyes adjust enough to make an
accurate inspection. Ignore this time limit if setup of the equipment is done in blacklight
conditions and takes longer than one minute.
NOTE: It is not necessary to wait if you wear dark-adaptation goggles.

PART 7
E. Set Up the Equipment - set up the test machine for application of magnetizing current at
appropriate Amperes and for appropriate direction by: "head shot" (circular
magnetization), "central conductor" (circular magnetization), or "coil shot" (longitudinal
magnetization).
(1) Choose an initial direction of magnetizing current that gives the best result for the
direction of expected defects. Apply two or more shots of magnetizing current in this
direction, then apply two or more shots of magnetizing current in a direction at a
right angle (90°) to the initial direction.
The shape of the test part can make it necessary to do longitudinal magnetization in
two or more directions, circular magnetization in two or more directions, or
longitudinal and circular magnetization. Refer to the description of the different
magnetizing directions as follows:
NOTE: If you know the location and direction of possible defects in a part, apply
magnetizing current in the appropriate direction. Application of
magnetizing current in the second direction is optional.
(a) "Head Shot" (Circular Magnetization) Test
A "head shot" test is done when magnetizing current is applied through the
longest dimension of the part. This test is done to find latitudinal cracks in bolt
shanks and the radius under bolt heads, and in torque bars. Do the test on
drive inserts only if it is a specified test in the applicable CMM. This test is also
done on the backleg of a torque plate to find cracks at rivet holes. A second
shot at 90° from the initial direction is necessary on a backleg.
(b) "Offset Central Conductor Shot" (Circular Magnetization) Test
An "offset central conductor shot" test is done when magnetizing current is

applied through a conductor that passes through the inside of round parts.This
test is done on the barrel section of a torque plate to find longitudinal cracks
and on steel disks (pressure plates, stator plates, and end plates) to find cracks
at rivet holes, stop holes, and drive slots. Several disks can be on the central
conductor at one time if they are far enough apart to permit full inspection of
each disk.
Use a central conductor with a diameter as large as possible, but that easily fits
inside the part. Do not use a central conductor that is too heavy to safely
handle.
Let the part hang on the central conductor so that the central conductor is as
close as possible to the inner diameter of the part.

PART 7
(c) "Coil Shot" (Longitudinal Magnetization) Test
An "coil shot" test is done when magnetizing current is applied by a coil to a

part inside the coil (with the axis of the part to be parallel to the axis of the coil).
This test is done on the pin end of torque bars, on the head & shank & threads
of bolts, and on the barrel section of a torque plate to find latitudinal cracks.
(2) Put the test part in the correct position (refer to paragraph 7.E.[1]). Make firm
electrical contact with the part when contact is necessary.
(3) Set the Necessary Amperes of Current
(a) Refer to ASTM E1444 for formulas which are based on the shape of the part.
Typical calculations are:
1) Head Shot - Amperes = 500 x Outer diameter of the part (in inches)
2) Central Conductor Shot - Amperes = 500 x Outer diameter of the part (in
inches)
3) Coil Shot - Amperes = 45,000 ÷ (N x (L ÷ D)) (refer to the NOTE that

follows for character definitions)
NOTE: N = number of coil turns

L = length of the part (in inches)
D = diameter of the part (in inches)
(b) Apply the calculated Amperes to the part and measure the magnetic field
strength with a Gauss meter or Hall effect meter. If necessary, increase the
Amperes until the field strength is in the recommended range of 30 - 60 Gauss.
If the field strength is more than 60 Gauss, demagnetize the part at the higher
amperage before application of a lower amperage.
(c) If Amperes are not calculated as shown in the preceding steps (a) and (b),
apply a low amount of Amperes and gradually increase the Amperes until a
Gauss meter or Hall effect meter shows a field strength of 30 Gauss.
(d) Record the shot description, orientation, and Amperes by the specified
recording method and instructions from a Level III for each test part.
(4) Apply the Bath Mixture - apply a steady flow of bath mixture to the full area to be
examined.
(5) Magnetize the Test Part - divert the flow of bath mixture away from the test part and
immediately apply two shots of magnetizing current for 0.5 to 1.0 second for each
shot and with one second between shots.

PART 7
(6) Inspect for Defect Indications - use the black light to inspect the part for indications
of defects.
When a central conductor shot is done, the effective test area is shown as "4D" in
Figure 1. To make sure that the complete part is inspected, turn the part and repeat
the test as necessary to make sure that test areas have a 10% overlap.
When a coil shot is done, and the part is longer than 18 inches (46 cm), repeat the
test as necessary to make sure that test areas have a 10% overlap.
4D "4D" IS THE
AREA THAT IS
EFFECTIVELY
MAGNETIZED
CENTRAL
CONDUCTOR 4D
D T wall
CROSS-SECTION
OF A
TORQUE PLATE
"Offset Central-Conductor" Test

Figure 1 / GRAPHIC 32-40-75-991-001-A01
(7) Magnetize the Part Again - Apply magnetizing current that gives a field direction
(circular or longitudinal) at a right angle (90°) to the initial direction. If a coil shot is
necessary, do it after the head shot.
(8) Inspect for Defect Indications Again - Repeat preceding paragraph 7.E.([6]).
F. Evaluate Defect Indications
Refer to paragraph 8, IDENTIFICATION OF TYPICAL INDICATIONS OF DEFECTS.

PART 7
G. Demagnetize The Test Part
After inspection of the test part, demagnetize the part so that the longitudinal field
direction (that was applied last) is not contained in the part. Measure residual
magnetism and demagnetize the part again if the magnetic field is more than three
Gauss.
H. Clean The Test Part
Clean the test part to remove the bath mixture (refer to CLEANING in Part 1, GENERAL
DATA).
8. IDENTIFICATION OF TYPICAL INDICATIONS OF DEFECTS
If the applicable Component Maintenance Manual (CMM) is not available to give defect
limits, no defects are permitted. If the applicable CMM is available, refer to it for defect limits.
Record, by specified procedures, defects that are found and isolate rejected parts.
A. Typical "Relevant" Indications of Defects
A "relevant" indication is one caused by a discontinuity that decreases the service life of
the part. If the inspector cannot be sure there is a discontinuity, do another type of
nondestructive test to be sure. Refer to the usual types of indications as follows,:
(1) Linear indications (cracks) that have a length more than three times the width are
usually fatigue cracks.
(2) Round or elliptical indications that have a length less than three times the width are
usually corrosion pits.
B. Typical Indications That Are Not Defects
(1) Magnetic particle buildup in sharp corners. Demagnetize the test part and do the
test again with decreased magnetizing current (to decrease this buildup).
(2) Magnetic particle buildup over an internal configuration of the test part (such as
internal splines, threads, grooves, or keyways) that causes a concentration of the
magnetic field
(3) Sudden changes in magnetic properties caused by welds, adjacent metal that is a
different alloy, or joints where parts touch each other

PART 7
C. Typical Service (Fatigue) Crack Locations
Experience with inspection of parts has shown that they develop cracks in typical
locations as follows:
(1) Bolts - a coil shot usually finds latitudinal cracks in the shank radius under the bolt
head or in a thread root at the 3rd or 4th thread from the bolt head.
(2) Drive Inserts (Keys) (If a test of drive inserts is a specified test in the applicable
Component Maintenance Manual) - a head shot usually finds longitudinal cracks
along an internal radius or cracks that radiate from mounting holes.
(3) Steel Disks (Pressure Plates, Stator Plates, End Plates) without Friction
Material - an offset central conductor shot usually finds cracks that start at rivet
holes, stop holes, and drive slots.
(4) Torque Plates and Torque Tubes - an offset central conductor shot usually finds
longitudinal cracks in the barrel flats, along torque lugs (drive lugs), or at the end of
drive slots. Head shots usually find cracks at rivet holes in the backleg of torque
plates.

PART 8
PENETRANT TEST (Water Washable - Fluorescent)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Preparation of the Part for the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Inspect Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
NOTE: This test is also known by other names such as: Fluorescent Penetrant Inspection (FPI),
Liquid Penetrant Inspection (LPI), Penetrant Technique (PT), or Zyglo®.
NOTE: Other types of liquid penetrant inspections are not recommended for aircraft wheel and
brake parts.
1. PURPOSE
This test finds corrosion and cracks open to the surface of non-porous metal parts. This test
cannot be done on porous metal (such as lining material). This test is also done when
personnel want to do more inspection of possible indications shown by other types of
nondestructive tests.
The test can be done on plated parts if it is permitted by the applicable Component
Maintenance Manual (CMM), but paint must be removed from painted parts before the test.
Parts must be fully cleaned and dry before the test is started.
NOTE: Steel bolts can also be inspected for cracks by magnetic particle inspection (refer
to PART 7 MAGNETIC PARTICLE INSPECTION (Wet, Fluorescent)] or with an
ultrasonic test (refer to PART 4 ULTRASONIC TEST FOR BOLTS]). Inconel or
Titanium bolts can be inspected only by eddy current (refer to PART 6 EDDY
CURRENT TEST]), penetrant, or ultrasonic inspection.
Personnel cannot wear eyeglasses with tinted lenses or with lenses that get dark when they
are exposed to ultraviolet (black) light or sunlight.

PART 8
3. REFERENCES

NAS = National Aerospace Standards
ANSI = American National Standards Institute
A. ASTM E1417 Type I (Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination)
B. SAE-AMS-2644 (Inspection Material, Penetrant)
C. ANSI/NCSL Z540-1 (General Requirements for Calibration Laboratories and Measuring

Test Equipment)
4. EQUIPMENT
Other equipment is permitted if it gives equivalent results and obeys specifications in

ASTM E1417 Type I, Method A (or equivalent international standard).
A. Liquid Penetrant Line - that can handle the largest and heaviest part that will be
inspected. The equipment must be very resistant to corrosion. The components of the
line that follows are available from most NDT equipment suppliers:
(1) Transfer Mechanism - moves parts through the inspection steps and does not
cause damage (nicks) to the parts (plastic guards are recommended)
(2) Penetrant Dip Tank - with a mechanism to lower and raise parts into and out of the
penetrant liquid
(3) Drain Rack - lets penetrant fluid drain off of the part and back into the dip tank
(4) Wash Station - with a hand-operated sprayer that has calibrated pressure gauges
(5) Pooled Water Removal System - removes drained water from the washer station (a
suction system is recommended)
(6) Hot Air Oven or Dryer - holds the test part and can keep the temperature at
140 - 160°F (40 - 71°C). The temperature controller (thermostat) must permit
calibration adjustments.
(7) Dry Developer Station - supplies a powder fog in a confined, sealed area and then
removes (evacuates) the powder fog.
(8) Inspection Booth - supplies the necessary darkness and lets the operator easily
handle the test part and the black light.

PART 8
B. Penetrant, Type I, Method A (fluorescent, water washable) Level II Sensitivity

Sources:
Sherwin Inc. Magnaflux

5530 Borwich Avenue 3624 West Lake Avenue
South Gate, California 90280 Glenview, Illinois 60025
U.S.A. U.S.A.
Fax: +1-562-923-8370 Fax: +1-847-657-5388
C. Dry Developer, Form "a" (refer to SAE-AMS2644) is available from one of the
equipment suppliers shown above.
D. Other Supplies and Accessories - available from most NDT equipment suppliers.
Supplier names are given when it is necessary.
(1) Water-spray nozzle (Tricon style or Hydro-Air style) - supplies a water and air spray
mixture for removal of penetrant
(2) Black Light - supplies ultraviolet light with wavelengths in the range of
3300 - 3900 Angstroms
(3) Radiometer - necessary for calibration of the black light and white light source
(4) Sensitivity test panel - piece of metal with known defects such as a "TAM" panel
(5) Timer - easily set to intervals in minutes - available from a laboratory supply
company
(6) Ultrasonic Cleaner - that is large enough to hold the sensitivity test panel - available
from a laboratory supply company
(7) Calibrated Thermometer or Temperature Probe that can read liquid or air
temperature - available from a laboratory supply company
(8) Flat, Corrosion-Resistant Inspection Surface - marked with a "test circle" (a 4.0 inch
(103 mm) diameter circle)
(9) Isopropyl Alcohol and Acetone, laboratory grade - commercially available

PART 8
5. PREPARATION OF THE PART FOR THE TEST
It is necessary to remove paint, grease, corrosion, scale, and other contamination from the
test areas on the test part (refer to the applicable Component Maintenance Manual (CMM)
for specified test areas). If a clean, white cloth shows dirt after it is wiped on the part, clean
the part again. Do not remove plating on parts.
Refer to CLEANING in PART 1, GENERAL DATA, for procedures to remove paint and to
clean the part. Let the part dry by usual evaporation or apply circulating hot air 160°F
(71°C) maximum. Let the part dry for 5 more minutes (after water has evaporated) to make
sure that the part is fully dry.
Removal of paint by the abrasive blast procedure can leave microscopic pieces of blast
media, paint, or primer on the part. These materials on the surface of the part can cause high
background fluorescence. Make sure that each part is fully clean after paint and primer is
removed. You can apply a chemical paint remover to help remove these materials (refer to
PART 1, GENERAL DATA of this manual).
The test part should be at ambient (room) temperature during the test procedure.
6. PREPARATION OF THE EQUIPMENT FOR THE TEST

ASTM E1417 contains many quality inspections (with appropriate records of these
inspections). Do these quality inspections at the specified frequencies.
7. INSPECT PARTS
This procedure gives a general description of a "water washable - fluorescent" penetrant
test.
A. Do the necessary standardizations of the equipment.
B. Make sure that the part to be inspected is clean and dry (refer to paragraph 5.). Also
make sure that the temperature of the part is at ambient (room) temperature.
C. Use a dip (immersion), brush, or spray procedure to apply a fluorescent penetrant. Put
the part on a drain board and permit the penetrant to remain on the part for
30 minutes to 2 hours (dwell time). Apply the penetrant again if it remains on the part
more than 2 hours (also repeat the dwell time).
NOTE: If penetrant is applied with a spray procedure, make sure that the
compressed air is clean, dry, and has no oil contamination.
D. Thirty minutes or more after the penetrant is applied, remove penetrant from the surface
of the part (but not from discontinuities) with a coarse water spray. Set the water to not
more than 40 p.s.i. (2,8 bar) and 100°F (38°C). Set the air pressure, if applicable, to not
more than 25 p.s.i. (1,7 bar).

PART 8
To prevent removal of penetrant from discontinuities, keep the spray nozzle more than
12 inches (30 cm) from the part and at a 45° angle.
E. Use a black light to visually find penetrant still on the surface of the part, with limits as
follows:
(1) No bright areas of fluorescence are permitted, but a light overall haze of
fluorescence on anodized parts is permitted.
(2) If an area of fluorescence cannot be easily washed off, stop the test procedure and
clean the part again to remove all penetrant and other contamination.
(3) If you think that it is possible that penetrant was removed from discontinuities by the
water spray, repeat paragraphs 7.B. - D.
F. After penetrant is removed, use the pooled water removal system (vacuum) to remove
pooled water. Turn the part as necessary to help drain pooled water.
G. Let the part dry by evaporation or apply warm circulating air that does not increase the
temperature of the part to more than 150°F (65°C).
H. Use a powder cabinet, powder gun, or other procedure to evenly apply developer to the
surface that will be inspected. Permit the developer to remain on the part for a time in
the range of 10 minutes to four hours. Then unwanted developer can be removed by
light taps or with clean compressed air at not more than 5 to 10 p.s.i. (0,3 to 0,7 bar).
I. Move the part to the inspection booth. The inspector must wear dark-adaptation goggles
or wait one minute or more in the booth before inspection of the part without goggles.
J. Use the black light to inspect the full part for indications. Refer to paragraph 8 to identify
the indications.
CAUTION: MATERIALS THAT ETCH METAL, AND TOUCH AREAS WITH NO

CORROSION, REMOVE THE ANODIZE LAYER.
K. Repair relevant indications to not more than the limits given in the applicable CMM. Do
an eddy current inspection of the area to make sure that the defect is removed.
L. Fully clean the test part to remove all penetrant and developer materials (refer to
CLEANING in PART 1, GENERAL DATA).

PART 8
8. IDENTIFICATION OF TYPICAL INDICATIONS OF DEFECTS
If the applicable CMM is not available to give defect limits, no defects are permitted. If the
applicable CMM is available, refer to it for defect limits. Record, by specified procedures,
defects that are found and isolate rejected parts.
A. Typical "Relevant" Indications of Defects
A "relevant" indication is one caused by a discontinuity that will decrease the service life
of the part. If the inspector cannot be sure that there is a discontinuity, do another type
of nondestructive test to be sure. Refer to the types of indications, as follows, that are
usually found:
(1) Linear indications (cracks) that have a length more than three times the width are
usually fatigue cracks.
(2) Round or elliptical indications that have a length less than three times the width are
usually corrosion pits.
If you are not sure that an indication shows an actual crack, very lightly rub the
indication with a pencil eraser or your finger. If this removes the indication, there is
usually no crack, but a pencil eraser can remove indications of very shallow fatigue
cracks. If you removed the first indication with a pencil eraser, use the black light to
inspect the part again because a relevant indication will appear again.
B. Typical Indications that are not Defects
Penetrant buildup in sharp corners, scratches, tool marks, or in joints where parts touch
each other.
C. Typical Service (Fatigue) Crack Locations
Experience with inspection of parts has shown that they develop cracks that start at
corrosion pits and high-stressed areas. These cracks start in typical locations as follows
(refer to the applicable CMM for specific inspection areas and limits):
(1) Drive Inserts (Keys) - longitudinal cracks along an internal radius or cracks that
radiate from mounting holes.
(2) Steel Disks (Pressure Plates, Stator Plates, End Plates) without Friction
Material - cracks that start at rivet holes, stop holes, and drive slots.
(3) Torque Plates and Torque Tubes - longitudinal cracks in the barrel flats, along
torque lugs (drive lugs), or at the end of drive slots. Cracks at rivet holes in the
backleg of torque plates.
(4) Piston Housings - cracks at the bottom of piston cavities or adjuster cavities
(usually start at fluid passageways) and around tie bolt holes.

PART 8
(5) Wheel Halves, Wheel Bases, and Side Rims (refer to Figure 1):
(a) Bead seat
(b) Around tie bolt holes and torque bar mounting holes
(c) Outer diameter of hubs
(d) Ventilation holes in the web
(e) Torque lugs - at intersections with tubewell and at insert mounting holes

OR WHEEL HALF
WHEEL BASE FLANGE
FLANGE
BEAD BEAD
SEAT SEAT
TUBEWELL TUBEWELL
TIE BOLT TIE BOLT

HOLE HOLE
MATING WEB
WEB
FACES
HUB
HUB
BEARING BORE BEARING BORE
Identification of Areas on Wheel Halves or Wheel Base

Figure 1 / GRAPHIC 32-40-76-991-001-A01

PART 8

PART 9
PROCESS COMPENSATED RESONANCE TESTING BY THE SWEPT SINE METHOD
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
PCRT
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Development of New PCRT Inspections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Preparation of Part for the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Preparation of Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Implementation of Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1. PURPOSE
This test finds defects,damage, over temperature, geometrical deviation, and other
rejectable conditions in metal parts. This method is a type of ultrasonic testing and is
sensitive to conditions on the surface of parts as well as internal to the part. The test can be
done on parts if it is permitted in the applicable Component Maintenance Manual (CMM).
The test can be done without removing paint or plating
Process Compensated Resonance Testing (PCRT) systems are direct reading NDT tools,
and therefore training and certification requirements differ from PART 1 paragraph 2 of this
manual.
Operator training is required for safe and accurate operation of Process Compensated
Resonance Testing (PCRT) systems. That training is available from Collins NDT personnel
or from the PCRT vendor. The training involves proper conformance to the Specific Work
Instruction (SWI) for each PCRT system and the particular sort applications that system
runs. The SWI is a revision-controlled document and the most recent version of the
document must be used for testing. The training also includes an introduction to Resonance
Inspection and basic troubleshooting of the PCRT system.
3. REFERENCES
NOTE: ASTM Standard Practices are available from ASTM International www.astm.org.

PART 9
A. ASTM E2534 (Standard Practice for Targeted Defect Detection Using Process
Compensated Resonance Testing Via Swept Sine Input for Metallic and Non-Metallic
parts)
B. ASTM E3081 (Standard Practice for Outlier Screening Using Process Compensated
Resonance Testing Via Swept Sine Input for Metallic and Non-Metallic parts)
PCRT
C. ASTM E3213 (Standard Practice for Part-to Itself Examination Using Process
Compensated Resonance Testing Via Swept Sine Input for Metallic and Non-Metallic
parts)
4. EQUIPMENT
Process Compensated Resonance Testing (PCRT) systems come in a variety of physical

form factors developed to inspect one or more part types. In general, each system is capable
of testing multiple part numbers of each part type. Regardless of the form factor of the
system, the same basic components are required for all PCRT inspections. These
components are:
A. Control Computer - running PCRT specific software which provides a user interface and
controls the transceiver.
B. Transceiver - a combined swept-sine signal generator and data collection device

controlled by the control computer, and which interfaces with the transducers.
C. Transducers - a piezo-electric element encased in a metal body with a silicon nitride

contact tip which is placed in contact with the part to be tested.
D. Temperature Probe - interfaces with the control computer, and reports the temperature
of the part prior to test.
E. Process Compensated Resonanace Test Instruments and Transducers Sources:
Vibrant Corpoartion
8916 Adams St NE
Albuquerque, NM 87113
Telephone: +1-505-314-1488
Fax: +1-505-563-4539
Web: www.vibrantndt.com

PART 9
USER INTERFACE
PCRT
TEMP TEST PART
CONTROL
COMPUTER
P2T
TRANSDUCERS
CH 1
CH 2
TRANSCEIVER
DRIVE
NEST
Schematic Diagram of PCRT System

Figure 1 / GRAPHIC 32-40-77-991-001-A01
Process Compensated Resonance Testing (PCRT) systems run a specific test, called a
sorting module, or sort, for each part number to be inspected. If the tested part has a serial
number, the results of each test are stored by serial number. PCRT sorts are developed
using any of the following capabilities, or combinations of these capabilities:
A. Outlier Screening - uses statistical comparison of the resonance frequencies of the part
tested to the resonance frequencies of the reference population of that specific part
number.
B. Targeted Defect Detection - uses pattern recognition technology to compare the

resonance pattern of the part tested to the resonance patterns of both known acceptable
known unacceptable reference parts.
C. Part to Itself - evaluates changes in the resonance frequencies of a specific serial

number of part to detect unacceptable changes between successive shop visits.
All sorts are stored on the control computer and are either manually selected by the
operator, by part type and part number, or are automatically selected based on the barcode
reading of the shop traveler.

PART 9
5. DEVELOPMENT OF NEW PCRT INSPECTIONS
New Process Compensated Resonance Testing (PCRT) applications can be evaluated and
developed by Collins Aerospace. The ASTM Standard Practices identified in paragraph 3 of
this section serve as guidance for developing the various types of sorts. Sorts are revision
controlled. Current sort revision number for each part type and part number is transmitted by
PCRT
a Collins Service Letter and that Service Letter is referenced in Component Maintenance
Manuals where PCRT is an allowed inspection.
6. PREPARATION OF PART FOR THE TEST
In general, Process Compensated Resonance Testing (PCRT) inspections do not require

the stripping of coatings. Parts should be free of dripping liquids prior to being tested with
PCRT.
A. CLEANING
Each part must be cleaned in accordance with the CMM, PART 1 GENERAL DATA of
this manual, and the PCRT SWI prior to testing.
B. VISUAL INSPECTION
Each part shall be visually inspected after cleaning for defects or damage. Any parts
with unserviceable conditions found during visual inspection shall be rejected, and
PCRT need not be performed.
C. PART TEMPERATURE
Parts must be at a temperature between 40°F (4°C) and 120°F (48°C), and not
changing in temperature by more than 5°F(-15°C) per minute, prior to beginning the
PCRT test.
7. PREPARATION OF EQUIPMENT
Each Process Compensated Resonance Testing (PCRT) system is accompanied by a SWI.

The SWI details the preparation of the system for operation, and a verification procedure to
ensure correct function of the system. These steps must be followed prior to inspection.
8. IMPLEMENTATION OF TEST
Each part is tested in accordance with the SWI and the relevant CMM. Testing times vary
from several seconds to several minutes depending on the part type and part number. The
Process Compensated Resonance Testing (PCRT) system will indicate the pass/fail status
at the conclusion of each inspection. Each SWI includes specific instructions for the
disposition of each part after the test is completed.


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NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING

COLLINS AEROSPACE PROPRIETARY

This manual includes coverage of the following chapters:

Goodrich Corporation, a part of Collins Aerospace

To send data to Collins Aerospace about this publication:

Address: Collins Aerospace

PUBLICATION COPYRIGHT NOTICE

SOFTWARE COPYRIGHT NOTICE

U.S. Export Classification: EAR 9E991.

TO: HOLDERS OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING (NDT) MANUAL USED ON GOODRICH

DESCRIPTION OF REVISION 04, DATED OCT 20/21 HIGHLIGHTS

U.S. Export Classification: EAR 9E991.

U.S. Export Classification: EAR 9E991.

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LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

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LIST OF EFFECTIVE LEP-1 Oct 20/21 PART 4 1 Oct 20/21

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LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

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PART 5 (CONT’D) 17 Oct 20/21 PART 7 (CONT’D) 7 Oct 20/21

PART 7 1 Oct 20/21

U.S. Export Classification: EAR 9E991.

SUBJECT OR PARAGRAPH TITLE PAGE

PART 1 - GENERAL DATA (ATA 32-40-71)

PART 4 - ULTRASONIC TEST FOR BOLTS (ATA 32-40-72)

PART 5 - CONDUCTIVITY AND HARDNESS TESTS FOR OVERHEATED PARTS

U.S. Export Classification: EAR 9E991.

PART 5 - CONDUCTIVITY AND HARDNESS TESTS FOR OVERHEATED PARTS (Cont’d)

PROCEDURE 2 - Hardness Test for Aluminum Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

PROCEDURE 1 - Eddy Current Test with a Wheel Inspection Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

PROCEDURE 2 - Eddy Current Test with a Contour Beadseat Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

U.S. Export Classification: EAR 9E991.

EDDY CURRENT TEST (Continued)

PROCEDURE 4 - Eddy Current Inspection of Holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

PART 7 - MAGNETIC PARTICLE TEST (Wet, Fluorescent) (ATA 32-40-75)

PART 8 - PENETRANT TEST (Water Washable - Fluorescent) (ATA 32-40-76)

U.S. Export Classification: EAR 9E991.

PART 9 - PROCESS COMPENSATED RESONANCE TESTING (PCRT) BY THE SWEPT SINE

U.S. Export Classification: EAR 9E991.

NOTICE: EACH NDT FACILITY IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ALL CLEANING,

Manual verification date: April 30, 2003 (by simulation)

Carefully read all WARNING and CAUTION statements in this manual.

- A "WARNING" statement is given to prevent personal injury or death.

Obey the warning above before you do maintenance on parts.

U.S. Export Classification: EAR 9E991.

A. CONDUCTIVITY TESTING - done only on overheated aluminum parts. It measures the