NATIONALISM IN INDIA

1. Write down the imp. Years of Indian national movement.

1915 - Gandhiji arrived from South Africa to India.

1917 - i) Gandhiji went to Champaran district in Bihar to support the protest against
Indigo Plantation. ( Satyagraha Apply)

ii) He also went to Kheda district in Gujrat to support the protest against high revenue
paid by the farmers. ( Satyagraha Apply)

1918 - He went to Ahmedabad to support the Mill workers. ( Satyagraha Apply)

1919 - Rowlatt Act was introduced , Jallinwala baug massacre and Khilafat movement.

1920 - Non cooperation Movement was proposed in INC session at Calcutta, Sept’1020
and it was adapted in INC session at Nagpur, Dec’1920

1921 - Non cooperation movement was started from Calcutta from Jan’1921

1922 - Non cooperation movement was withdrawn from Feb’1922 after the Chaurichaura (U.P)

Incidence.

1924 - Tribal leader Alluri Sitaram Raju was executed in 1924.

1927 - INC session was held at Madras in 1927 and FICCI (Federation of Indian Chamber of
Commerce and Industry) was set up.

1928 - Sir John Simon came to India

1929 - INC Lahore session was held to declare Complete Independence.

1930 - Civil Disobedience movement started in two phases (1930-1931) (1932-1934)

And also Depress class Association was formed in 1930.

1932 - Pune pact was signed between Dr. Ambedkar and Gandhiji at Pune

2. What is Satyagraha?

The idea emphasises the power of truth, and the need to search for truth.

3. Who established Swaraj Party?

Motilal Nehru and C.R. Das

4. Who wrote “ HIND SWARAJ” and “FOLKLORE OF SOUTHERN INDIA”?

Gandhiji and Natesha Sastri respectively.

5. Who wrote “ANANDMATH” and who painted the image of “BHARATMATA”?

Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay and Abanindranath Tagore respectively.

 6. Who led Oudh(Awadh) Kisan sabha?

By Baba Ram Chandra.

7. How did the First World War help in the growth of National Movement in India?
OR
What was the impact of the first world war on the economic conditions in India.

Ans. (i) It created new economic and political problems. The war had led to huge expenditure
which was financed by heavy loans and increase in taxes. Customs duties were raised and
income tax was introduced.
(ii) The prices had doubled between 1913-18 and the common people underwent great
hardships.
(iii) Crops had failed between 1918-19 and 1920-21 leading to famine and disease. There
were epidemics killing between 12-13 million people
(iv) ) Indian villagers were infuriated by the British Government’s forced recruitment of men
in the army.

6. Explain Rowlatt Act?

i. It was passed hurriedly in 1919 by the Imperial Legislative Council despite the opposition
of Indian members.

ii. This act authorised the British government to arrest any political activist. It also
authorised the government to detain such people arrested for up to 2 years without trial.

7. Who was Alluri Sitaram Raju and what was his speciality?
i. Alluri Sitaram Raju was the tribal peasant's leader in the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh.
ii. He claimed that he had a variety of special power like he could make correct astrological
predictions
iii. He could heal the people and he could survive even bullet shorts.

8. Explain Inland Emigration Act.

i. According to the Inland emigration act of 1859 the plantation workers were not allowed to leave
the plantation field in Assam without the permission of plantation owner.
ii. They were rarely getting such permissions, and if they tried to escape from there, they were
caught and punished.
9. Why Simon Commission was rejected by Indian leaders?
i. Under the Tory Govt. Simon Commission was appointed and came to India in 1928.
ii. The commission did not have a single Indian member and also they gave an useless promise
of dominion status

10. Why Non cooperation movement was launched?

i. The Attainment of Swaraj: Self rule became the goal of the congress before the 1st world war.
British had a promise to give Self rule after the WW-I but it was not rather Rowlatt Act and
Jallianwala massacre forced Gandhiji to start N C M.
 ii. To support Khilafat Movement: The Khilafat movement was organized by Ali brothers to stop
the injustice to Turkey. Gandhiji wanted to include all muslims in the national movement by
supporting Khilafat movement.
iii. Economic Distress: People in India had economic sufferings like in town, prices went up and
foods were not available. In the rural areas, due to draught and epidemic including high taxes
farmers were miserable. So Gandhiji thought not to cooperate with British to shatter their
economy.
11. How Noncooperation movement was launched?
i. It was launched in phased manner from Calcutta
ii. Many Indians returning their titles, awards in protest.
iii. Students, teachers left the government educational institutions even lawyers boycotted
The courts
iv. British goods were boycotted, foreign goods were put into bonefire and liquor shops were
picketed.
v. Many farmers refused to pay taxes.

12. Why NCM was slowed down?

The Non-Cooperation Movement gradually slow down in the cities because :
a. Khadi clothes were more expensive than mill clothes.
b. Poor people could not afford to buy it
c. The boycott of British institutions posed a problem.
d. Students and teachers began trickling back to government schools.

13. what were the different meanings of swaraj for different social groups?

i. To the peasants of Awadh, swaraj means — reduction of revenue, abolition of beggar and
social boycott of oppressive landlords.
ii. For plantation workers in Assam, sawraj means the right to move freely in and out of the
confined space in which they were enclosed. It meant retaining a link with the village from
which they had come. Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, plantation workers were not
permitted to leave tea gardens without permission.
iii. In the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh a militant guerrilla movement spread in the early 1920s
against the closure of forest areas by the colonial government, preventing people from
entering the forests to graze their cattle, or to collect fuel wood and fruits. They felt Swaraj
means , they would get back all their forest rights.

14. Why did Mahatma Gandhi start the 'Civil Disobedience Movement'?

a. The British appointed Simon Commission in 1927 . It did not have a single Indian member so it was
seen as an insult to the self respect of Indians.
b. To wage a struggle against the oppressive British policies and laws, Mahatma Gandhi sent a letter to
Viceroy Irwin with eleven demands comprising the interests of all classes on 31st January 1930.

c. The most important demand was to abolish salt tax. Since salt was consumed by rich and poor alike and
was one of the most essential food items. The salt tax levied by the government revealed the most
oppressive side of the colonial. rule.

d. Salt was seen by Mahatma Gandhi as a powerful symbol that could unite masses.

e. The colonial government failed to concede to the demands, so Gandhi chose to break the salt law
peacefully and show resistance to the British rule. This started the Civil disobedience movement and the salt
march to Dandi.
15. How was the CDM different from NCM?

i. NCM means to refuse to cooperate with British Government but CDM means in addition of non
cooperation British laws to be defied.
ii. The goal of the Non-Cooperation movement was Swaraj or self-rule by demanding the status of
dominion status from the British government. While the goal of the Civil Disobedience
movement had moved further; from Swaraj to complete independence from foreign rule.
iii. There was large scale participation of Muslim working class in the Non- Cooperation movement
which was not witnessed in the Civil Disobedience movement later on due to communal
propaganda of Muslim League and Hindu Mahasabha.
iv. The Civil Disobedience movement was much more widespread with mass participation as
compared to the Non- Cooperation movement.
v. The Civil Disobedience movement was of much longer duration. But the Non-Cooperation
movement was of shorter duration and was withdrawn in Feb 1922 after the Chauri Chaura
violent incident
vi. The Civil Disobedience movement was much more peaceful and non-violent in comparison to
the Non-Cooperation movement.