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    GM Notes

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    neopenguin973

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    GM Notes

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    neopenguin973
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    GM notes

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    GM Notes

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    neopenguin973

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    of 4

    Gen- Math Notes!!!

    I. Function:
    Also known as mapping, a function is relation/pair between 2 numbers, where each first
    element (x) is paired to a second element(y). The first element doesn’t repeat, but the second
    can be repeated numerous times.

     Ordered Pair- A composition between the variables x & y, that have two values fixed
    between within a parenthesis (x, y); can be arranged in fractions, integers etc. Where x
    is not repeated.

    {(2,5), (6,9), (7,10)}: F


    {(2x,y), (6x, 3y), (8x,4y)}: F
    {(x,7), (x,9), (x,11)}: NF
    In these sets of ordered pairs, the third row stands as not a function due to the repetition of the
    first element (x).

    Functions in Graphs:

    If we were to express functions in graphs, we would apply the Vertical Line Test on the graphs tosee
    whether it is a function or not.

    The Vertical Line Test – Draw vertical l ines anywhere on the plane to intersect the graph. If any
    vertical line intersected the graph more than once time , then the relation isn’t function.

     Function as a correspondence:
    Consider two sets A and B where correspondence is defined.

    a) 1 to 1 correspondence (F).

    b) 1 to many correspondence (NF).

    c) Many to 1 correspondence (F).

    d) Many to many correspondence (NF).


    Gen- Math Notes!!!

    Many to Many

    Many to 1
    Gen- Math Notes!!!

    Function Notation:

    Y=f(x)

    Which is usually read as “y is a function of x” or “f of x is y”.

    1. Y= x2+3x+4/ f(x)= x2+3x+4


    2. Y= x3−1 / f(x)= x3−1
    x+1 x+1
     Inverse Functions-
    Given a function f(x), its inverse function f-1 (x) is defined by f(f-1(x)) =f-1(f(x))=x
    Note that the inverse of a function does not always exists except for bijective functions.

    Other function classes:

    1. One to One or Injective Function

    A function f is one to one if and only if f(x) = f(y) means that x=y for all x & y in the domain of the
    function.

    The Horizontal Line Test can be used to determine the one-to-oneness of a particular function. This can
    be done by drawing the graph of a function. If each of the horizontal lines intersects the graph at most
    once then the graph is a one-to-one function, otherwise it is not one-to-one.

    2. Onto Function or Surjective Function:

    A function f is onto if and only if for every value y in the range of f, there exist an x in the domain of f so
    that f(x)=y. This means that the codomain of the function is equal to its range.

    3. Bijective Function

    A function is bijective if it’s both one to one and onto.

    A bijective function f(x) is invertible, that is, its inverse function exist

    Operations of Functions:

    1. Their sum denoted by f+g, is the function defined by (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥).

    2. Their difference, denoted by f-g, is the function defined by (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥) .

    3. Their product, denoted by , is the function defined by (𝑓 ∙ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) ∙ 𝑔(𝑥) .

    4. Their quotient, denoted by f/g , is the function defined by(f/g) (x)= (f(x)/g(x)) where g(x) is not 0

    5. The composite function, denoted by 𝑓°𝑔 is defined by (𝑓°𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))

    Examples-

    f(x)= x+1, g(x)= x2-x-2

    a. (𝑓 + 𝑔) (𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) =(x+4) + (x2-x-6) = x2-2


    Gen- Math Notes!!!

    b. (f-g)(x)= f(x)-g(x)= (x+4)- (x2-x-6)= x2+10


    c. (f.g)(x)= f(x)g(x)= (x+4)(x2-x-6)= x3+x2-6x+4x2-4x-2= 4x2+x5-8x
    d. (f/g)(x)= f(x)/g(x) = x+2/ x2-4+4= (x+2) (x-2), cancel (x+2)= 1/x-2 , x is a function. X=(1,2)
    e. (fog)(x)=f(g(x)) = f(x2-x-2) =x2-x-2+1=x2-x-1

    Function Evaluation
    We can evaluate the value of a function, f(x) based on a given value of the independent variable,
    say x. We just need to substitute the value of x in the equation of f(x).
    Example: Let 𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥2 + 3𝑥 − 1. Find each function value.
    a. f(0) b. f(1) c. f(h)
    a. f(-2(0)2 +3(0)-1= 0
    b. f(-2(1)2+3(1)-1=0
    c. f(-2(h)2+3(h)-1= -2h2 +3h-1

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