ACHIEVERS HOLIDAY CLASSES

KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATION COUNCIL

KENYA CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION

232/1 – CHEMISTRY - PAPER 1

NAME………………………………………………INDEX NO:.…ADM NO………
SCHOOL………………………………………SIGNATURE…….…. DATE………

CHEMISTRY
FORM 3
END OF TERM 2 2024
1. a) List any two apparatus that can be used to measure accurate volumes of liquids in the
laboratory. (2mks)

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b) Draw the shapes of the following laboratory apparatus and state their function in the laboratory. (4mks)
i) Deflagrating spoon ii) Spatula

2. The Bunsen burner produces two types of flames.

a) Draw a well labelled diagram of the flame produced when the airhole is fully open. (3mks)

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b) State and explain the major function of the type of flame produced when the air hole is closed. (2mks)
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3. Describe how a pure and solid sample of copper ii sulphate crystals can be prepared starting with
copper turnings. (3mks)

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4. a) State grahams” Law of diffusion. 1mk)
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b) 120cm3 of carbon (iv) oxide takes 40 seconds to diffuse through a certain hole. Calculate the relative
formula mass of gas X whose 100cm3 takes 75 seconds to diffuse through the same hole. (3mks)

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5. Element J whose atomic number is 17 has two isotopes. The table below shows the mass numbers
and the relative abundance for each isotope.

Mass number Relative abundance

(%)

35 74

37 26

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 (a) Determine the number of neutrons in the isotope with mass 37 (1mk)

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(b) Calculate the relative atomic mass of element J (2mks)

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c) Draw the structure of the ion formed by element J showing the nuclear composition (2mks)

6. The following is an extract of the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that follow.(the
letters do not represent the actual symbols of the elements)

a) What name is given to the elements in the shaded region? ----------------------------------- (1mk)

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b) Compare the atomic radius radii of elements G and F. (2mks)
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c) Choose the letter that represents the most reactive metal. ---------------------------------- (1mk)
d) State and explain the observations made when a few grams of sodium carbonate are added to a
solution of the chloride of R. (2mks)
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7. The set – up below represents the apparatus that may be used to separate a mixture of two miscible
liquids V and T whose boiling points are 1100C and 800C.

a) What name is given to apparatus B (1mk)

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 b) Which of the two liquids will be collected first and why? (2mks)
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c) What is the function of the ice cold water? (1mk)
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8. Apiece of chromatography paper was spotted with coloured inks obtained from flower petals labelled
Q R S T K & N . The diagram below shows the spots after the chromatogram was developed.

a)Which flower contained the most soluble pigment? Explain your answer (2mks)
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b) Which petals contained only one pigment (1 mk)

c) According to the chromatogram, what do letters C and Z represent; (1mk)

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 C-
Z-
8. a) Carbon ii oxide reacts with oxygen to form carbon (iv) oxide.
i) Write a balanced chemical equation for the above reaction. (1mk)
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ii) 150 cm3 was reacted with 100cm3 of oxygen gas. Calculate the total volume of the residual gas. (2mks)
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9. a) Define the term allotropes. (1mk)
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b) Explain the following uses of the substances listed based on structure and bonding.
i) Graphite as an electrode (1mk)
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ii) Diamond to make ball bearings. (1mk)
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10. A student used the set-up below to prepare oxygen gas in the laboratory. Study it and answer the
questions that follow.

a) Name the following apparatus; (2mks)

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i) Liquid delivering liquid T. ----------------------------------------------
ii) Apparatus J -----------------------------------------------------------
b) If liquid T is water, write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction that took place. (1mk)
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c) List any two commercial uses of oxygen gas. (2mks)
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11. A student prepared solution K by dissolving Y grams of Sodium hydroxide in 250cm3 of water. He then
filled the burette with solution N which is 2M nitric (v) acid. He pipetted 25cm 3 of solution K and placed
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 it in a conical flask and added few drops of methyl orange indicator and titrated against the nitric (v)
acid until a permanent colour change was observed. He repeated this for 3 times and recorded the
results obtained in the table below.

I II III
Final volume of 34.1 20.2
solution N(cm3)
Initial volume of 0.0 23.5 10. 1
solution N (cm3)
Volume of 9. 9
solution N used(cm3)

a) Fill in the gaps (3mks)

b) State the colour changes observed during the reaction (1mk)
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c) What is the significance of the colour change in the experiment? (1mk)
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d) Calculate the average volume of nitric v acid used (1mk)
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e) i) Calculate the moles of nitric v acid that reacted. (1mk)
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ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction that took place during the reaction (1mk)
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iii) Hence, calculate the number of moles of the sodium hydroxide that reacted with the nitric v acid(1mk)
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v) Calculate the moles of sodium hydroxide present in the 250cm3 of the solution K prepared by the
student. (1mk)
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vi) Work out the value of Y . (O=16, H=1, Na= 23) (1mk)
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12. The ion W-2 has 2 occupied energy levels. It has a mass number of 17.
a) Draw the electron arrangement of element W showing the nuclear composition. (2mks)
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b) Using dots ( .) and crosses (x) to represent electrons, draw diagrams to show how element W bonds
with magnesium. (Mg = 12) (1mk)

13. a) Write balanced chemical equation to show the effect of heat on the following salts; (2mks)
i) Potassium nitrate
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ii) Calcium hydrogen carbonate.
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b) Describe a simple experiment that can be used to distinguish between solid calcium nitrate and solid
calcium carbonate. (2mks)
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14. Calculate the number of moles of nitrate ions present in 100cm3 of 0.5M aluminum nitrate solution.
(2mks)
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15. Study the information in the table below and answer the equations that follow
(Letters are not the actual symbols of the elements)
Element Electronic Atomic Ionic
Arrangement of stable Radius Radius
ion (nm) (nm)

N 2.8.8 0.197 0.099

P 2.8.8 0.099 0.181

R 2.8 0.160 0.065

S 2.8 0.186 0.095

a) Identify an T 2 0.152 0.068 element that belong to

period 2 of the U 2.8 0.072 0.136 periodic table and has a
negative charge. Explain (2mks)

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b) Which of the elements are metals? (2mks)

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16.(a) The diagram below shows a set-up that can be used to obtain nitrogen gas in an experiment.

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(i) Name liquid L (1mk)

(ii) What observation would be made in tube K after heating for some time? (1mk)
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(iii) If 320 cm3 of ammonia gas reacted completely with the copper, calculate the volume of gas X produced.
(Cu = 63.5, O=16.O, one mole of gas occupies 24 dm3 at RTP) (3mks)
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(v) At the end of experiment the PH of the water in the beaker was found to be about 8.5.Explain
(2mks)
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