INTRODUCTION

TO THE
PHILOSOPHY OF
HUMAN
PERSON
INTERSUBJECTIVIT
Y
LEARNING COMPETENCY:
•Realize that intersubjectivity requires accepting
differences and not imposing on others
(PPT11/12-IIc-6.1)
•Explain that authentic dialogue means accepting
others even if they are different from themselves
(PPT11/12-IId-6.3)
• Perform activities that demonstrate an appreciation
for the talents of persons with disabilities and those
from the underprivileged sectors of society
(PPT11/12-IIe-6.4
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
•Explain that authentic dialogue means accepting
others even if they are different from themselves.
• Differentiate between genuine and mere
relationships base from Martin Buber’s I-Thou
relation.
• Demonstrate appreciation for the talents of
persons with disabilities and those from the
underprivileged sectors society
ACTIVITY:1. “No man is an island”

•This quote by poet John Donne, has been

used repeatedly since his writing in the 17th
century. What comes into your mind when
you hear this famous quote?
ACTIVITY:2 DESCRIBE ME
ACTIVITY:3 DESCRIBE ME
 ACTIVITY 4:
•What is your comment on these statements?
•1.“ ONLY IN INTERHUMAN THAT YOU CAN
BECOME AND REALIZE YOURSELF”
•2. Man cannot become himself in isolation.
3. Do you agree or do not agree with the
statement, “ People need people.” Justify your
answer.
 Intersubjectivity
•Intersubjectivity- It refers to shared meanings
constructed by people in their interactions with each
other.
• Intersubjectivity is the philosophical concept of the
interaction between the “self” and the “other”. It is the
mutual recognition of each other as persons.
• It refers to the shared awareness, and understanding
among persons. It is made possible by the awareness of
the self and the other.
 Intersubjectivity
•Intersubjectivity, is a term originally
coined by philosopher Edmund Husserl
(1859–1938). According to him,
intersubjectivity is the “interchange of
thoughts and feelings, both
conscious and unconscious, between
two persons or “subjects,” as
facilitated by empathy”.
•Edmund Husserl believes that intersubjectivity
is more than just shared understanding, but it
is the capability to put oneself in the place
where the other is.
 Intersubjectivity
•For Saint Pope John Paul II or Karol Wojtyla, intersubjectivity is
a participation in a communal life where people would have
direct and mutual sharing of themselves. According to him, the
essence of a human person is to live with one another and
share for the common good. We need to participate in a
communal life for us to be able to bond with others and
become one.
•St. Augustine of Hippo, “No human being should become an
end to himself/herself. He is responsible to his neighbors
as he is to his own actions”.
 Intersubjectivity
•The interaction between the self and the
other is related to the concept of
intersubjectivity.
•Intersubjectivity occurs when people undergo
acts of empathy because an intersubjective
experience is highly empathic. This happens
when people put themselves in the shoes of
others.
 Intersubjectivity
•“Seeming”- actions where an individual presents himself or
herself in a certain way when dealing with others. Persons
take on “roles” or act out characters when dealing with
certain people or when in certain situations.
• There may be instances when people behave a certain way
in order to intentionally deceive or manipulate other people.
❖Indeed, these attitudes are very demoralizing and do not at
all give respect to our humanness. They discount humanity,
run counter to the concept of personhood, thus, leads to
dehumanization.
What characterizes genuine human interactions?
 Intersubjectivity
•Most human interactions, however, are not based on
deception. Since our human nature derives us to uphold dignity
and goodness, our interactions with others are also geared
towards what is good and beneficial. These lead human to
strive to achieve deeper and more substantial interactions and
relations with other people. This deeper and more genuine
interaction is called dialogue.
Intersubjectivity
2. Availability- the willingness of a person to
be present and be at disposal of another.
▪Be willing to help the other in need. o
Example: when someone unfamiliar in
your place wants to go to a famous
place in your town, he/she may ask
directions.
▪Availability tells that you should help
that person since you know your town
better than him or her
Intersubjectivity-Recognizing and Relating to Others
•Dialogue- an interaction between persons that happens
through speech, expressions, and body language.
● Dialogue is not confined to words alone, actions,
gestures and other expressions may be used to convey a
person’s inner life.
● A dialogue occurs when two persons “open up” to each
other and give and receive one another in their
encounter.
Martin Buber
•a Jewish philosopher had a great
interest in the study of relating
ourselves to others.
•❑ He said that “I” or yourself,
can only be realized through
recognition of “others.”
• ❑ The “I” cannot be aware of its
uniqueness and existence
without encountering the
“other.”
Several ways by which we relate to others (according
to Buber) The “I-I” relationship
•“I-I” relationship in which people make themselves
the center of their world.
•❑ Talking to other people do not interest them and
if they talk to others, it is the “I” who will be the
center of the conversation.
•❑ They don't really listen to what others are
sharing.
Several ways by which we relate to others (according
to Buber) “I-It” relationship”
•“I-It” relationship is the second type of relationship.
•❑ There are people that treat the other people into the
status of an object—an It.
•❑ Examples: 1. Researchers who have indigenous
people as their participants. They are very prone to
reducing the other into mere It, i.e. as mere objects of
investigation.
•2. In the medical field when practitioners look at their
patients as objects of investigation.
 “I-It” relationship
•There are also “I-It” relations where the I clearly has bad intent on the
other, treating the other as mere It or object.
• Examples:
•1. How oppressive employers treat their workers like machines or
robots who are immune to physical, verbal, psychological, and
emotional abuse
•2. Any relationship which has one party reducing the other to a status
of an object: a) bully who treats a person with disability as an object of
his amusement b) a liquor company using body of women as their
advertisement to improve sales, c) partners or friends treating each
other as objects and means to satisfy their self-interest and desires in
so-called "friends with benefits" type of relationships.
Objectification of women in advertising
 “I-It” relationship
•This kind of relationship results into what we call alienation.
•❑ It happens when human relationships are inauthentic,
deceptive and exploitative. It arises when a person ceases
to view the other as a distinct or authentic person and
merely considers the other person as a mere object or a
means to satisfy personal interests.
•❑ Alienation is a disorientating sense of exclusion and
separation and if left unaddressed, will discount the
humanity and dignity of a person that leads to
dehumanization.
 “I-Thou” relationship
It is in this kind of human relations that genuine
sharing of one another takes place.
❑ It is in this type of relationship that the other is
treated as distinctly other, the I treats the person as
a Thou (You)—-as another person who is different
from the I; one has a different set of interests,
visions, beliefs, values, and characteristics.
❑ The center of this relationship is a genuine form
of conversation: a dialogue.
 2.Authentic Dialogue
•Authentic dialogue is a form of interpersonal
communication which occurs when people
recognize that they are part of a greater whole and
can relate with others within the whole.
•❑In some cases, non-verbal dialogical relations
are not only the more appropriate means of
conversation, but considered as a more profound
form of conversation.
 Elements of a Dialogue
•1.Empathy- the ability to share
emotions. This emotion is driven
by a person’s awareness that
the other is a person thoughts
and feelings.
● Empathy enables us to
experience another person’s
emotions, such as happiness,
anger, and sadness.
● Sympathy is “feeling with”,
while empathy is “feeling in”
 Elements of a Dialogue
•Dialogue- an interaction between persons that happens
through speech, expressions, and body language.
● Dialogue is not confined to words alone, actions,
gestures and other expressions may be used to convey a
person’s inner life.
● A dialogue occurs when two persons “open up” to each
other and give and receive one another in their
encounter.
 Elements of a Dialogue
3. The Ethics of Care is an ethical theory
that emphasizes the moral dimension of
relationship and interactions.
❑ This moral perspective encourages
individuals to help other people, most
especially the vulnerable. The obligation
to respond to the needs of other people.
 3.CONVERSATION
❑ Martin Heidegger argued that
humankind is a conversation.
❑ For Heidegger, all conversations are
really one conversation, the subject of
which is Being. A conversation is creative,
expressive, and profound that allows
humanity to exist as more than objects. We
are human beings who sincerely care more
than acquiring information and satisfaction.
 Martin Heidegger
❑Human being as DASEIN- “ Being
there”
Dasein-Being-in-the-world (as best
described as a unique type of being
rather than defined as an object)

❑As Martin Heidegger said, “the human

person is not just a being- in the world
but a being - with- others or being-in-
relation.”
 Intersubjectivity
Of course, not all human interactions are good and
positive. There are also those which are negative
and influenced by selfish motives. Some of them
would include the following:.
1. ALIENATION
2. SEEMING ATTITUDE
 Intersubjectivity
1. ALIENATION
When one starts seeing the other person as a means towards
an end, the feeling of alienation starts. When he would see his
interaction with others as deceptive and inauthentic,
alienation takes place.
One example is how a maid is poorly treated in a rich family -
her food different from what is taken by the family and making
her wear demoralizing uniforms just to let others know that
she is the maid and they are her superiors.
 Intersubjectivity
2. SEEMING ATTITUDE
This takes place when we act according to how
people expect or think of us. It may also be that we
act or behave to intentionally deceive others.
“Sipsip” and “plastic” are just but some
descriptions we give to these manipulative
behaviours.
 ASSIGNMENT:
• IDENTIFY THE UNDERPRIVILEGES SECTORS IN THE SOCIETY
• HOW DO WE MANIFEST OUR APPRECIATION TO THEM?

1. PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES

2. WOMEN THAT ARE ABUSED AND EXPLOITED
3. PEOPLE THAT ARE ECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED
4. Persons living with HIV/AIDS or other chronic illnesses/Victims of
Human trafficking (sexual slavery, forced labor, etc)
 Appreciation to PWD’s and Underprivileged Sectors of the Society

• Intersubjectivity teaches us to look at our fellow human beings as co-equal. It

makes us realize that despite of our being unique and different from each other
(like our physical traits and behavior), we are still very much alike since we share
the same humanity and dignity.

• To ensure the equality and rights of disabled persons, there are Philippine laws and policies
that were passed regarding PWDs. One of these is RA 7277 or the 1992 Philippine Magna Carta
for Disabled Persons (PWDs). PWDs are those suffering from restriction of different abilities,
as a result of a mental, physical or sensory impairment, to perform an activity in the manner
or within the range considered normal for a human being. PWDs are given special recognition
because they can still manage to make their lives productive and meaningful despite the
hardships and discrimination they go through.
Appreciation to PWD’s and Underprivileged Sectors of the Society
RA 7277
AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE REHABILITATION, SELF-DEVELOPMENT AND SELF-RELIANCE OF
•.
DISABLED PERSON AND THEIR INTEGRATION

SECTION 2. Declaration of Policy: The grant of the rights and privileges

for disabled persons shall be guided by the following principles:

(a). Disabled persons are part of the Philippine society, thus the Senate
shall give full support to the improvement of the total well-being of disabled
persons and their integration into the mainstream of society.
(b). Disabled persons have the same rights as other people to take their
proper place in society. They should be able to live freely and as
independently as possible. This must be the concern of everyone the
family, community and all government and non-government organizations.
Disabled person’s rights must never be perceived as welfare services by the
Government.
Appreciation to PWD’s and Underprivileged Sectors of the Society
RA 7277

•.
(c). The rehabilitation of the disabled persons shall be the concern of the Government in
order to foster their capability to attain a more meaningful, productive and satisfying life.
To reach out to a greater number of disabled persons, the rehabilitation services and
benefits shall be expanded beyond the traditional urban-based centers to community
based programs, that will ensure full participation of different sectors as supported by
national and local government agencies.

(d). The State also recognizes the role of the private sector in promoting the welfare of
disabled persons and shall encourage partnership in programs that address their needs
and concerns.
(e). To facilitate integration of disabled persons into the mainstream of society, the State
shall advocate for and encourage respect for disabled persons. The State shall exert all
efforts to remove all social, cultural, economic, environmental and attitudinal barriers that
are prejudicial to disabled persons.
some socially-disadvantaged sectors of our society.

•1. Person living below the poverty line

2. Battered women
•3. Indigenous people
•4. Persons living with HIV/AIDS or other chronic illnesses.
•5. Victims of Human trafficking (sexual slavery, forced labor, etc)
Some of the most popular PWDs in the country include Grace Padaca, Roselle
Alimbubuyog and Fatima Soriano.

•
GRACE PADACA , BROADCASTER AND A POLITICIAN
• She dared to challenge the Dy family's three decades of control over Isabela and managed
to get elected as governor, and then managed to pay off 90% of the debts incurred by the
preceding administration aside from helping corn and rice farmers increase their income.
She has been awarded the International Women of Courage Award as well as a Ramon
Magsaysay Award for Good Governance. She is a survivor of polio and has used crutches
for most of her life.
•Roselle Alimbubuyog Mathematician and Motivational Speaker.
• Roselle is Ateneo de Manila University’s first visually impaired student. she also won every
possible award that a graduating student could receive, including the highest honor of
class valedictorian. She continued to excel, earned her master’s degree from UP Diliman,
and a slew of other honors.
Some of the most popular PWDs in the country include Grace Padaca, Roselle
Alimbubuyog and Fatima Soriano.

Fatima Soriano Singer, Songwriter, and Radio Anchor

Fatima is a beloved singer who has played concerts for jam-packed audience since she was
a child. By age 20, she survived end-stage kidney failure, penned and performed
household hits such as “God Bless You, Mama Mary Loves You,” and had become the
youngest-ever anchor on Philippine radio, hosting a show on DZMM, the nation’s top AM
station. Her inspirational life story has been portrayed on TV’s Maalaala Mo Kaya.
 2. Authentic dialogue
• A dialogue is created when the self and the other
fully understands and empathizes with each other. It
is when everyone, no matter how different they
maybe from each other, becomes attuned to one
another - Kohlrieser (2006),
• The essence of a dialogue is a genuine and mutual
sharing of the selves, not minding of their
differences and accepting each other with full
sincerity.
 AUTHENTIC DIALOGUE
• It is the expression of our inner selves such that
whenever we engage in a dialogue, we convey our
inner life, the interiority of our persona to others.
• Of course, other than conveying to others our
thoughts and feelings, we also feel these things in
others and we begin to empathize. A dialogue
happens when in this case, we mutually open up
ourselves in our encounter.
 PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES (PWD’S)

•Persons with disabilities (PWDs), according

the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons
With Disabilities, include those who have
long-term physical, mental, intellectual or
sensory impairments which in interaction
with various barriers may hinder their full
and effective participation in society on an
equal basis with others.
 Laws Concerning PWDs

Republic Act No 7277 (Magna Carta for Disabled

Persons)
Batas Pambansa Blg. 344 (Accessibility Law)-An Act to Enhance
the Mobility of Disabled Persons by Requiring Certain Buildings, Institutions, Establishments and Public
Utilities to install Facilities and Other Devices

Republic Act 6759 (White Cane Act)

ILO Convention No. 159 (Vocational Rehabilitation of
Persons With Disability).
 RA 7277
• Five percent (5%) of all casual, emergency and contractual positions in the
Department of Social Welfare and Development; Health; Education, Culture
and Sports; and other government agencies, offices or corporations
engaged in social development shall be reserved for disabled persons.
• SECTION 8. Incentives for Employer
• from their gross income, equivalent to twenty-five percent (25%) of the
total amount paid as salaries and wages to disabled persons
• Private entities that improved or modify their physical facilities in order to
provide reasonable accommodation for disabled persons shall also be
entitled to an additional deduction from their net taxable income,
equivalent to fifty percent (50%) of the direct costs of the improvements or
modifications. This section, however, does not apply to improvements or
modifications of facilities required under Batas Pambansa Bilang 344.
•The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
(ICF) refers to disability as “an umbrella term covering impairments,
activity limitations, and participation restrictions. An impairment is a
problem in body function or structure; an activity limitation is a
difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action;
while a participation restriction is a problem experienced by an
individual in involvement in life situations”. The ICF’s definition of
disability denotes a negative interaction between a person (with a
health condition) and his or her contextual factors (environmental
and personal factors). A comprehensive approach in interventions is
then necessary for persons with disabilities (PWDs) as it entails
actions beyond the context of health, but more on helping them to
overcome difficulties by removing environmental and social barriers
(WHO, 2013).
 LAWS CONCERNING WOMEN
• Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act (Republic Act
(RA) 9262)
• Anti-Rape Law (RA 8353),
• Rape-Victim Assistance and Protection Act (RA 8505)
• Anti-Sexual Harassment Law (RA 7877)
• Anti-Trafficking of Persons Act 2003 (RA 9208)
 SOME NOTABLE PROBLEMS FACED BY
WOMEN IN THE SOCIETY
• The lack of women in positions of power
• Patriarchy
• Sexism, racism and economic inequality
• Trauma-centered feminism
• Access to equal opportunity
• The lack of respect for caregiving
• Navigating career and motherhood
 USUAL FILIPINO WOMEN PROBLEMS
• gender wage gap, gender-based violence, and underrepresentation of
women in leadership positions.
• Gender Bias And Stereotyping In The Workplace
• Balancing Work and Family Responsibilities
• Overcoming Impostor Syndrome
• Breaking The Glass Ceiling
• Navigating Workplace Politics.
LAWS CONCERNING POVERTY
• Republic Act No. 8425 institutionalizing the Social Reform and Poverty
Alleviation Programme.
• Republic Act No. 11310. Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program ActThe
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is a human development
measure of the national government that provides conditional cash
grants to the poorest of the poor, to improve the health, nutrition,
and the education of children aged 0-18.
•
LAWS CONCERNING THE SENIOR CITIZENS
• RA 7876 (enacted in 1995), or the Senior Citizens Center Act of the
Philippines, mandates the establishment of a senior citizen's center in all
cities and municipalities to serve as a venue for educational, recreational,
social and health programs and activities for senior citizens.
• RA 7432 AMMENDED BY RA 9994- SENIOR CITIZENS ACT-AN ACT TO
MAXIMIZE THE CONTRIBUTION OF SENIOR CITIZENS TO NATION BUILDING,
GRANT BENEFITS AND SPECIAL PRIVILEGES AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
• RA 10754- A senior citizen shall be granted twenty per cent (20%) discount
from all establishments relative to utilization of transportation services,
hotels and similar lodging establishments, restaurants and recreation
centers and purchases of medicines, anywhere in the country.
LAWS CONCERNING THE IPS
• IPRA LAW-The Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act of 1997 (IPRA), officially
designated as Republic Act No. 8371, is a Philippine law that
recognizes and promotes the rights of indigenous cultural
communities anD INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN THE PHILIPPINES
• What are the rights of indigenous people according to RA 8371?
• They shall have the right to special measures to control, develop and
protect their sciences, technologies and cultural manifestations,
including human and other genetic resources, seeds, including
derivatives of these resources, traditional medicines and hearth
practices, vital medicinal plants, animals and minerals,ETC.
LAWS CONCERNING GENDER EQUALITY
▪ Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Expression –Recognizes
the fundamental rights of every person regardless of their gender
orientation and gender identity.
RA 9710- MAGNA CARTA FOR WOMEN
▪ Article 15: Equality before the law – Women and men are equal
before the law. Women have the legal right to enter contracts, own
property, and choose their place of residence.
▪ Article 16: Marriage and family – Women have equal rights with men
in matters related to marriage and family relations.