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Communication and Interpersonal Skills

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 COMMUNICATION
Meaning of Communication
 The term communication is derived from the Latin word “communis” or “communicare”
which means to make common. Thus communication means to make common facts,
information, thoughts and requirements.
 Communication, therefore, is the exchange of thoughts, message, information etc. by way of
speech, signal or in writing. Communication is a two-way process and works well with
feedback, this helps to confirm that the intended message has been

successful.

Scholar Definition of communication

 In order to understand further, many scholars have defined the term such as
 “Communication is the sum of all things, one person does when he wants to create
understanding in the minds of another. It involves a systematic and continuous process of
telling, listening and understanding.”
– Allen Louis
 Communication has been defined “As the transfer of information from one person to
another whether or not it elicits confidence.”
– Koontz and O’ Donell
 “Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or more
persons.” – George Terry
 “Communication is the process by which information is transmitted between
individuals and/or organization so that an understanding response results”.
– By Peter Little
 “Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or more
persons”.
More:
 Communication is effective when a concise and clear message is delivered well, received
successfully and understood fully. The process of communication has the following distinct
components:
  Communication begins with an impulse (or motivation) to pass on a message made up of
bits of information. In the process of encoding, units of information are selected and
organized for transmission. Input is the sum of experiences that build up in the human brain
or computer.
 The output is the encoded message transmitted by the information source (an individual
person or group of people). The interpretation of the message is referred to as decoding.
 Feedback is the response or message that the recipient (decoder) returns to the
sender(encoder).
 The sender has an idea
 Sender encodes the idea
 The sender transmits the message through a medium
 The receiver gets the message
 The receiver decodes the message
 The receiver sends feedback, Feedback in the communication process is the response that
gives us some indication of how effectively we communicate. It is the gauge of efficiency in
communication
TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNICATION
Based on whom the message is addressed
 We classify communication according to the number of persons (receivers) to whom the
message is addressed:
The message is addressed:
 It is talking to oneself in one’s own mind. Examples are soliloquies or asides in dramatic
works.
Interpersonal Communication:
 It is the exchange of messages between two persons. For example, a conversation, dialogue
or an interview in which two persons interact (others may also be present as the audience).
An author communicates interpersonally with his reader, who is always present as a silent
audience in the author’s mind while he writes. A letter too is an example of interpersonal
communication between the writer and the person to whom it is written.
Group Communication:
 It can be among small or large groups and can be among small or large groups, like an
organization, club or classroom, in which all individuals retain their individual identity.
Mass Communication:
 It occurs when the message is sent to large groups of people, for example, by newspaper,
radio, or television. In this process, each person becomes a faceless individual with almost
no opportunity for personal response or feedback.

Based On the basis of the medium employed:

 Verbal Communication: It means communicating with words, written or spoken. Verbal
communication consists of speaking, listening, writing, reading, and thinking. It may further
be classified as Oral or Written Communication.
 Non-verbal communication: It includes using pictures, signs, gestures, and facial
expressions for exchanging information between persons. It is done through sign language,
action language, or object language. Non-verbal communication flows through all acts of
speaking or writing. It is a
 The wordless message conveyed through gestures (sign), movements (action language),
and Object language (pictures/clothes) and so on. Further non-verbal communication can
be Identified by personal space (proxemics), sense of smell (olfactics) and time
(chronemics).
 Meta Communication: Here the speaker’s choice of words unintentionally communicates
something more than what the actual words state. For example, a flattering remark like “I’ve
never seen you so smartly dressed” could also mean that the regular attire of the listener
needed improvement. Formal Communication: A formal channel of communication can be
defined as a means of communication that is formally controlled by managers or people
occupying positions in an organization. The communication flows through formal channels,
that is, officially recognized positions along the line in the organization. This ensures that
the information flows orderly, timely, and accurately. Any information, decision, memo,
reminder etc. will follow this path.
 Informal Communication: Side by side with the formal channel of communication every
organization has an equally effective channel of communication that is the informal channel.
It is not officially sanctioned, and quite often it is even discouraged or looked down upon.
But, then, it is very much there and has been given the name ‘grapevine’ precisely because
of it Runs in all directions-horizontal, vertical, diagonal. As the management experts put it,
“it flows around water coolers, down hallways, through lunchrooms, and wherever people
get together in groups”.
 Downward Communication:The Communication that flows from Top to Bottom is known
as downward communication. Any organization has an inbuilt hierarchical system, and in
that, in the first instance, communication invariably flows downwards.
 Upward Communication:The Communication that flows from bottom to top, which is from
a lower hierarchical level to Higher-level is called Upward Communication. The main
function of upward communication Is to supply information to the upper levels about what
is happening at the lower levels. It is Just the reverse of the previous dimension.
 Lateral Communication: When communication takes place between two or more persons
who are subordinates Working under the same person or those who are working on the
same level, it is called Lateral or horizontal communication. A good example of this kind of
communication is between functional managers. It is necessary for the reviewing of the
activities assigned to Various subordinates having identical positions.
 Diagonal Communication: Diagonal or Crosswise communication includes the flow of
information among persons at different levels who have no direct reporting relationships.
As an example, the Communication between the Training Supervisor and Marketing
Manager, regarding the Training of a few employees of the Marketing Department, is
Diagonal Communication. This kind of communication is used to speed up information flow,
to improve understanding, and to coordinate efforts for the achievement of organizational
objectives.
 Characteristics of communication
 It involved two persons
 Message is must
 Communication Maybe Written, Oral or Gestural:
 Communication is a Two Way Process
 Its Primary Purpose is to Motivate a Response
 Communication may be Formal or Informal
 It Flows Up and Down and also from Side to Side
 It is an Integral Part of the Process of Exchange

Objectives/Purpose of Communication
 The objectives of communication are dynamic and ever-changing. Some of the common
objectives of official communication are to get or give information, to ask for or give
instructions or advice or suggestions, to make requests, to persuade other people to agree
with us.
 Sometimes, we communicate with the intention of complaining, or warning; but
unfortunately, we do this angrily and get into arguments. If we learn to complain and warn
in an acceptable and constructive manner, our serious intention can be conveyed quite
effectively without damaging relationships.
 In order to caution, counsel, clarify, appraise, evaluate, reprimand, and organize and
numerous such objectives, we make use of communication.

Evaluation of Communication Effectiveness

Communication is not an end in itself; rather it is a means to attain other ends or goals. Hence, it has
to be effective to be able to attain these goals or objectives. Communication effectiveness can be
examined in relation to the following criteria:
 Fidelity of Communication: the distortion-free quality of a message is called fidelity. An
effective person gets the message across to others with minimal possibilities of
misunderstanding.
 Economy: In an effective communication a minimum of energy time, symbols and cues are
used to encode message without losing its fidelity and impact.
 Congruence: An effective communication integrates both verbal and non-verbal cues.
 Influence: The most important criterion of effectiveness is the influence that the
communicator is able to exercise over the receiver of the communication. Influence means
the communicator achieves the results he intended.
 Relationship Building: effective communication contributes to the building of trust and a
better relationship between the source and the target.

Seven C’s of Effective Communication

 Completeness
 Conciseness
 Consideration
 Clarity
 Concreteness
 Courtesy
 Correctness
Four S’s of Communication
 Shortness
 Simplicity
 Strength
 Sincerity

Types of Communication Barriers

Semantic barriers
 This barrier is related to the process of coding and decoding the message. Various types of
semantic gaps found in the day-to-day use of people are as follows:
 Words having similar pronunciation but multiple meanings: Same pronunciation but are
having many meanings. For example sight, site, cite.
 Badly expressed message: Lack of clarity and precision make the message badly expressed.
Lacks of coherence, awkward sentence structure, jargons etc. are common faults, which lead
to such messages.
 Wrong interpretation: Whenever one interprets a symbol, his understanding may differ
with others. The Hindi word ‘kaka’ means uncle in one part of the country but the small boy
in another part of the country.
 Technical Language: When technical language is used in the communication process, it
creates barriers in understanding the message in the same sense and in the same spirit.
When technical jargons or specialist languages are used in the communication and
conversation process, they create tension, confusion and misunderstanding between the

sender and the receiver.

 New meanings given to ordinary words by computer technology; to people who are not
familiar with computers, “mouse” is only an animal, whereas, in computer jargon, it is a
device.
Organizational Barriers
It may originate in contradictory management policies or too many levels of management or
the clash between line and staff operations. The specialized nature of functions or even the
special language of those functions may cause it. It may have its source in formal-informal,
or grapevine transactions. Following are the organizational barriers in communication:
  Organization culture and climate: In every organization, there exists a unique
culture and climate. The climate and culture of an organization ultimately influence
the freedom, thrust and interaction pattern among people in an organization.
 Organizational rules and regulations: The rules and regulations of the
organization vary widely from one organization to another. They may be so rigid
that they may influence the flow of information in the wrong direction.
 Status relationships: The status, power and position relationship acts as the hurdle
in the effectiveness of communications. Individuals may not be able to say what they
wish to say because of their fear for the position and power of the other party in the
communication process. The complex hierarchical structure of the organization like
too tall or too much of divisionalisation of the organization may not facilitate the
free flow of communication.
 Lack of cooperation between superior and subordinate: There may not be
proper cooperation between the superior and subordinate for various personal or
organizational relationships, which may be held to improper communication in an
organization.
Interpersonal Barriers
 The effectiveness of Communication depends a lot on the interpersonal relationship
between two people. If and when the sender and receiver are at the same economic,
educational and status level and also have a good rapport with each other, there is
hardly any barrier arising in communication. But, in case of a difference at any level,
there is a greater chance of Miscommunication. The most common example for this
in an organization is the Barriers relating to Superior and Subordinate. The
subordinate must follow the order of the superior, carry out all work efficiently, and
provide full information related to any matter, which arises in the organization or in
any work. Moreover, the superior should have full confidence in himself and the
subordinate.
1. Lack of proper channel: There may be complexity in the organizational structure,
which may influence proper and effective communication from the subordinate.
They may not feel free to communicate because of the pressure of position power
and authority.
2. No interest to communicate: There may not be any interest on the part of
subordinates to have a dialogue, discussion and interaction with their superiors,
which affect the communication process adversely.
3. Lack of cooperation: lack of cooperation and mutual understanding also leads to
the hiding of certain information between the superior and subordinates in the
organization.
4. Lack of trust: There may be a lack of trust and coordination between the superior
and the subordinate, which may lead to infective communication.
5. The poor relationship between superior and subordinate: A good relationship
must develop between superiors and subordinates frequently and freely. They must
interact to improve the upward and downward communication system. The
superior must listen to the subordinates’ suggestion, their problems, and must have
faith in them. In the absence of all this, it may so happen that what the superior
speaks, the subordinate may not understand it.
6. Fear of penalty: If subordinate fees that because of free expression and upward
communication he will face some type of penalty, there is a possibility that he may
not provide a full or correct message to the superior.
Individual / Psycho-sociological Barriers:
  Individual or Psycho-sociological barriers are the prime barriers in interpersonal
communication. People have different styles of communication. People also have
personal feelings, desires, fears, hopes, likes, dislikes, attitudes, views and opinions.
The meaning assigned to a message depends on upon.
1. Style.
2. Selective perception: The receiver may make a world of his own around himself. He
projects his interest and expectations as he decodes messages. He may only take
that much piece of information, which may suit his world of thinking. As a result, the
person acquires incomplete and inappropriate information, which influences the
communication process. Having a poor self-concept or self-understanding, or a poor
understanding of others can cause perceptual distortions.
1. Halo effect: People do not listen carefully because of impressions based on earlier
encounters. Even one of the parties having a halo effect will disrupt the flow of
communication.
2. Status relationship
3. Poor attention and Retention
4. Inattention
5. Undue importance of written words
6. Defensiveness
7. Closed Mind
8. State of Health
9. Filtering: Filtering is the process of reducing the details or aspects of a message.
Each person who receives the message reduces it according to his or her
understanding of the situation. In this process, much of the important information
may be lost or misinterpreted and the sender will fail to convey what he wants to
convey.
Cross-Cultural/ Geographic Barriers:
Culture is a shared set of values and attributes of a group; it is the sum total of the ways of
living built up by a group and transmitted from one generation to another. Culture is so
much a part of an individual’s manner of talking, behaving and thinking, that
communication style and competence are influenced by it.
Some of the significant differences between cultures are:
 National Character/ Basic Personality.
 Language
 Values and norms of behaviour.
 Social relationships
 Concepts of time
 Concepts of space
 Nonverbal communication
 Perception
Physical Barriers/ Channel and Media Barriers
 Physical distractions cause a lot of noise, often literally: insufficiently
insulated rooms with car noises filtering through, poor lighting, and such
things as frequent movement of bodies postures, with a pen in the hand,
even the arrival of coffee at a critical stage on the communication process
are the causes of communication barriers in organizations. Constant
telephone interruptions are one of the commonest physical distractions.
These obstacles prevent a message from reaching the intended recipient.
The following obstacles are considered under this category:
  Noise
 Defects in the Medium
TECHNICAL ASPECTS IN COMMUNICATION BARRIERS
 A few technical aspects in communication barriers are briefly narrated by Murphy’s
Law on Communication: Following are the basics in this law on communication:
 Communication usually fails. Except by chance, it succeeds. On account of various
barriers, the possibility of success in the flow of communication is rare.
 If the message can be understood, in different ways, it will be understood in just the
way that does the most harm. People receive the message in their own way. In most
of the cases, the most harmful side of communication is

considered.
 It refers to the sender manipulating information so that the receiver will see it as
more favourable. In organizations, the information is condensed and synthesized.
Objective information does not reach the authority. The more the vertical levels in
the organization’s hierarchy, the more opportunities there are for filtering Meta
communication. In a communication apart from the message, there is a Meta
message. Meta message exists in the people’s minds because of their actions such as
being hard to contact. It is the most important thing in the language.
 Noise in the communication process. Noise can enter the communication process
because of situational factors. It is one of the factors influencing the communication
process. Noise is mostly related to mechanical distractions. A few noise distractions
are as follows: (i)Human sounds, (ii) Traffic, (iii) Telephone instruments (iv)
Channel defects (v) Birds (vi) Trees (vii) Fans (viii) Chalk writing (ix) Use of Duster
(x) Projector and (xi) Nasal Voice

OVERCOMING THE BARRIERS IN COMMUNICATION

 Constant effort is required to overcome the barriers which unconsciously creep up
in the process of Communication. Barriers can be overcome if sufficient effort is put
into the communication process and it is desired that communication be effective
and efficient.
 One way of reducing the effects of these barriers is to check continuously during the
communication process what the massage really is. The actions to be taken by the
Sender
 Receiver and together the two of them, to achieve this are listed below:
 Sender: The sender should be clear about the following Ws and H:
 WHO To who should the message go?
 WHY Why should I communicate? What are the motives?
 WHAT decides what to communicate? Be clear about what one needs to
 communicate.
 WHEN the best time for optimum reception is chosen.
 HOW Use a language, which the receiver will understand and which is unambiguous.
 WHERE: Choose a location which will not interfere with the reception,
understanding and acceptance of the message: Privately? Home or away?In a group?
At work or outside?
Receiver: The receiver can be aware about the following, to overcome the
barriers:
o Be fully attentive to the sender.
o Listen actively to the message being sent.
o Ask for clarification and repetition wherever necessary.
o Keep checking the receipt of information with the sender.
Both: Receiver and Sender can make the Communication Flawless if they:
o Realize that misunderstandings are bound to occur, and be alert for all cues
to this effect.
o Listen, listen, listen, and listen again.
o Share opinions, feelings and perceptions generated by the me
Mass Communication & mass media
1. Outside the realm of interpersonal communication exists another form of
communication, which involves communication with mass audiences and
hence the name mass communication; and the channels through which this
kind of communication takes place are referred to as mass media.
2. Mass communication is the term used to describe the academic study of
various means by which individuals and entities relay information to large
segments of the population all at once through mass media.
3. It is observed that the term mass communication must have at least five
aspects:
a. Large audience
b. Fairly undifferentiated audience composition
c. Some form of message reproduction
d. Rapid distribution and delivery
e. Low cost to the consumers

Characteristics of Mass communication:

 Anonymous
 Large audience Fairly undifferentiated audience composition.
 Some form of message reproduction
 Rapid distribution and delivery
 Low cost to the consumers
 Directs messages toward relatively large, heterogeneous and anonymous
audiences.
 Messages are transmitted publicly with no privacy.
 Short duration message for immediate consumption
 Feedback is indirect, non-existent or delayed
 Cost per exposure per individual is minimum
 Source belongs to organization or institutions
 Mostly any one
Types of mass media
 Traditional media
  Print media
 Electronic media
 Social media
Functions of mass media
 In a society like ours, mass media have a responsible role to play in fostering
democracy, plurality and communal harmony through the functions listed below.
 Information and education.
 Socialization
 Entertainment
 Political awareness
 Cultural transmission
Importance of Mass media
 Pervasiveness of Mass Media
 Mass Communication Informs
 Mass Media Entertains
 Mass Communication Persuades
 Mass Communication Binds.
3/17/23, 10:53 PM Interpersonal skills including communication Skills MCQ

1. Communication strengthens & relationship is an organization.

1. Employer-Father
2. Employer-Employee
3. Mother-Employer
4. Mother-Child

Answer: Employer-Employee

2. context refers to the similarity of backgrounds between the sender and the receiver.

1. Social
2. Chronological
3. Physical
4. Cultural

Answer: Cultural

3. When there is similarity of background between the sender and the receives such as age, language
nationality, religion, gender then this is called context.

1. Cultural
2. Social
3. Physical
4. Dynamic

Answer: Cultural

4. It is of paramount importance that one need to construct a sentence in the day to day affairs.

1. Correct
2. Wrong
3. Incorrect
4. Night

Answer: Correct

5. communication includes tone of voice body language, facial expressions etc.

1. verbal
2. letter
3. Nonverbal
4. notice

Answer: Nonverbal

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6. Communication is a non-stop .

1. Process
2. Programme
3. Paper
4. Plan

Answer: Process

7. Understanding different parts of speech forms the base of leaning grammar.

1. Eight
2. Five
3. Seven
4. Six

Answer: Eight

8. Letter, e-mail telephone are examples of .

1. Feedback
2. Message
3. Channel
4. Encoding

Answer: Channel

9. A is defined as the name of a person place or thing.

1. Noun
2. Pronoun
3. Verb
4. Adverb

Answer: Noun

10. Communication is a part of skills.

1. Hard
2. Soft
3. Short
4. Rough

Answer: Soft

11. is the person who notices and decodes and attaches some meaning to a message.

1. Driver
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2. Receiver
3. Cleaner
4. Sender

Answer: Receiver

12. Environmental barriers are the same as noise.

1. Physical
2. Physiological
3. Psychological
4. Sociological

Answer: physical

13. According to hoben communication is the interchange of thought or idea.

1. Verbal
2. Audio
3. Visual
4. Written

Answer: Verbal

14. The is the person who transmits the message.

1. Receiver
2. Sender
3. Driver
4. Cleaner

Answer: Sender

15. refers to all these factors that disrupt the communication.

1. Noise
2. Nobody
3. Nowhere
4. None of above

Answer: Noise

16. Our dress code is an example of communication.

1. Nonverbal
2. Written
3. Verbal
4. Spoken
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Answer: Nonverbal

17. The person who transmits the message is called the

1. Gives
2. Taker
3. Sender
4. Receiver

Answer: Sender

18. Proper nouns always begin with letters.

1. Capital
2. Small
3. Running
4. Numerical

Answer: Capital

19. Message is any signal that triggers the response of a

1. Driver
2. Receiver
3. Cleaner
4. Sender

Answer: Receiver

20. The response to a sender’s message is called .

1. Feedback
2. Food bank
3. Food
4. Back

Answer: Feedback

21. context refers to the relationship between the sender and the receiver.

1. Cultural
2. Social
3. Physical
4. Chronological

Answer: Social

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22. In oral communication there is a possibility of immediate .

1. Response
2. Reaction
3. Reset
4. Refection

Answer: Response

23. A indicates the action done by the subject.

1. Adverb
2. Noun
3. Verb
4. Pronoun

Answer: Adverb

24. A is a word which connects words phrases , clauses or sentences.

1. Conjunction
2. Preposition
3. Interjection
4. Verb

Answer: Conjunction

25. While talking to friends you do not pay attention to the skills of Communication.

1. Oral
2. audio
3. Written
4. visual

Answer: Oral

26. The Christian sign of the is a gesture pertaining to religion and spirituality.

1. Minus
2. Division
3. Plus
4. Cross

Answer: Cross

27. Any word that adds more meaning to the noun is called an .

1. Verb
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2. Adverb
3. Noun
4. Adjective

Answer: Adjective

28. In oral presentation outside your organisation you must first give the audience a of your
organization.

1. Background
2. Front view
3. Flash back
4. Forword view

Answer: Background

29. In oral communication the speaker can observe the listener’s to what is being elated.

1. Response
2. Reaction
3. Reset
4. Rejection

Answer: Reaction

30. Countries when referred to by names are also considered .

1. Feminine
2. Common
3. Masculine
4. Neuter

Answer: Feminine

31. The are used to present using overhead projectors.

1. Paper sheets
2. Polythene sheet
3. Acetate film transparent sheet
4. Butter paper

Answer: Acetate film transparent sheet

32. The information which is transferred to the receiver has to be interpreted this process is called
.

1. Closing
2. Decoding
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3. Encoding
4. Opening

Answer: Decoding

33. A noun that dandies neither a male or a female is gender.

1. Feminine
2. Masculine
3. Neuter
4. Common

Answer: Neuter

34. The nouns which cannot be felt, seen or heard are called .

1. Proper
2. Abstract
3. Common
4. Collective

Answer: Abstract

35. The message may be misinterpreted because of .

1. Distortions
2. Distractions
3. Barriers
4. None of above

Answer: Barriers

36. The environment in which the transmitter or receiver are should be

1. Competent
2. Complete
3. Complex
4. Compatible

Answer: Compatible

37. Once the message is encoded in a desired format it is transferred through a medium called

1. Medium
2. Media
3. Channel
4. way

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Answer: Channel

38. Personifications of strength and violence are considered as gender.

1. Common
2. Masculine
3. Ferminine
4. Neuter

Answer: Masculine

39. All communication events have a .

1. Resource
2. Start
3. Source
4. End

Answer: Source

40. nouns require capitalization only if they start the sentence or are part of a title.

1. Proper
2. Common
3. Abstract
4. Collective

Answer: Common

41. Refers to the ability or competence to express one’s feelings, needs or desires openly and directly but
in a respectful manner or without hurting ones feelings.

1. Empathy
2. Sympathy
3. Communication Skill
4. Assertiveness

Answer: Assertiveness

42. means involving recognizing emotions within us and others, being aware of how emotions
influence behavior and being able to respond to emotions appropriately.

1. Critical thinking
2. Coping with stress
3. Decision making
4. Coping with emotions

Answer: Coping with emotions

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3/17/23, 10:53 PM Interpersonal skills including communication Skills MCQ

1. Communication strengthens & relationship is an organization.

1. Employer-Father
2. Employer-Employee
3. Mother-Employer
4. Mother-Child

Answer: Employer-Employee

2. context refers to the similarity of backgrounds between the sender and the receiver.

1. Social
2. Chronological
3. Physical
4. Cultural

Answer: Cultural

3. When there is similarity of background between the sender and the receives such as age, language
nationality, religion, gender then this is called context.

1. Cultural
2. Social
3. Physical
4. Dynamic

Answer: Cultural

4. It is of paramount importance that one need to construct a sentence in the day to day affairs.

1. Correct
2. Wrong
3. Incorrect
4. Night

Answer: Correct

5. communication includes tone of voice body language, facial expressions etc.

1. verbal
2. letter
3. Nonverbal
4. notice

Answer: Nonverbal

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3/17/23, 10:53 PM Interpersonal skills including communication Skills MCQ

6. Communication is a non-stop .

1. Process
2. Programme
3. Paper
4. Plan

Answer: Process

7. Understanding different parts of speech forms the base of leaning grammar.

1. Eight
2. Five
3. Seven
4. Six

Answer: Eight

8. Letter, e-mail telephone are examples of .

1. Feedback
2. Message
3. Channel
4. Encoding

Answer: Channel

9. A is defined as the name of a person place or thing.

1. Noun
2. Pronoun
3. Verb
4. Adverb

Answer: Noun

10. Communication is a part of skills.

1. Hard
2. Soft
3. Short
4. Rough

Answer: Soft

11. is the person who notices and decodes and attaches some meaning to a message.

1. Driver
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3/17/23, 10:53 PM Interpersonal skills including communication Skills MCQ

2. Receiver
3. Cleaner
4. Sender

Answer: Receiver

12. Environmental barriers are the same as noise.

1. Physical
2. Physiological
3. Psychological
4. Sociological

Answer: physical

13. According to hoben communication is the interchange of thought or idea.

1. Verbal
2. Audio
3. Visual
4. Written

Answer: Verbal

14. The is the person who transmits the message.

1. Receiver
2. Sender
3. Driver
4. Cleaner

Answer: Sender

15. refers to all these factors that disrupt the communication.

1. Noise
2. Nobody
3. Nowhere
4. None of above

Answer: Noise

16. Our dress code is an example of communication.

1. Nonverbal
2. Written
3. Verbal
4. Spoken
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Answer: Nonverbal

17. The person who transmits the message is called the

1. Gives
2. Taker
3. Sender
4. Receiver

Answer: Sender

18. Proper nouns always begin with letters.

1. Capital
2. Small
3. Running
4. Numerical

Answer: Capital

19. Message is any signal that triggers the response of a

1. Driver
2. Receiver
3. Cleaner
4. Sender

Answer: Receiver

20. The response to a sender’s message is called .

1. Feedback
2. Food bank
3. Food
4. Back

Answer: Feedback

21. context refers to the relationship between the sender and the receiver.

1. Cultural
2. Social
3. Physical
4. Chronological

Answer: Social

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3/17/23, 10:53 PM Interpersonal skills including communication Skills MCQ

22. In oral communication there is a possibility of immediate .

1. Response
2. Reaction
3. Reset
4. Refection

Answer: Response

23. A indicates the action done by the subject.

1. Adverb
2. Noun
3. Verb
4. Pronoun

Answer: Adverb

24. A is a word which connects words phrases , clauses or sentences.

1. Conjunction
2. Preposition
3. Interjection
4. Verb

Answer: Conjunction

25. While talking to friends you do not pay attention to the skills of Communication.

1. Oral
2. audio
3. Written
4. visual

Answer: Oral

26. The Christian sign of the is a gesture pertaining to religion and spirituality.

1. Minus
2. Division
3. Plus
4. Cross

Answer: Cross

27. Any word that adds more meaning to the noun is called an .

1. Verb
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2. Adverb
3. Noun
4. Adjective

Answer: Adjective

28. In oral presentation outside your organisation you must first give the audience a of your
organization.

1. Background
2. Front view
3. Flash back
4. Forword view

Answer: Background

29. In oral communication the speaker can observe the listener’s to what is being elated.

1. Response
2. Reaction
3. Reset
4. Rejection

Answer: Reaction

30. Countries when referred to by names are also considered .

1. Feminine
2. Common
3. Masculine
4. Neuter

Answer: Feminine

31. The are used to present using overhead projectors.

1. Paper sheets
2. Polythene sheet
3. Acetate film transparent sheet
4. Butter paper

Answer: Acetate film transparent sheet

32. The information which is transferred to the receiver has to be interpreted this process is called
.

1. Closing
2. Decoding
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3. Encoding
4. Opening

Answer: Decoding

33. A noun that dandies neither a male or a female is gender.

1. Feminine
2. Masculine
3. Neuter
4. Common

Answer: Neuter

34. The nouns which cannot be felt, seen or heard are called .

1. Proper
2. Abstract
3. Common
4. Collective

Answer: Abstract

35. The message may be misinterpreted because of .

1. Distortions
2. Distractions
3. Barriers
4. None of above

Answer: Barriers

36. The environment in which the transmitter or receiver are should be

1. Competent
2. Complete
3. Complex
4. Compatible

Answer: Compatible

37. Once the message is encoded in a desired format it is transferred through a medium called

1. Medium
2. Media
3. Channel
4. way

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3/17/23, 10:53 PM Interpersonal skills including communication Skills MCQ

Answer: Channel

38. Personifications of strength and violence are considered as gender.

1. Common
2. Masculine
3. Ferminine
4. Neuter

Answer: Masculine

39. All communication events have a .

1. Resource
2. Start
3. Source
4. End

Answer: Source

40. nouns require capitalization only if they start the sentence or are part of a title.

1. Proper
2. Common
3. Abstract
4. Collective

Answer: Common

41. Refers to the ability or competence to express one’s feelings, needs or desires openly and directly but
in a respectful manner or without hurting ones feelings.

1. Empathy
2. Sympathy
3. Communication Skill
4. Assertiveness

Answer: Assertiveness

42. means involving recognizing emotions within us and others, being aware of how emotions
influence behavior and being able to respond to emotions appropriately.

1. Critical thinking
2. Coping with stress
3. Decision making
4. Coping with emotions

Answer: Coping with emotions

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The classroom communication should essentially be :
(1) Contrived
(2) Empathetic
(3) Abstract
(4) Non-descriptive
Answer: (2)

A good communicator begins his/her presentation with a :

(1) Complex question
(2) Non-sequitur
(3) Repetitive phrase
(4) Ice-breaker

Answer: (4)

In a classroom, the probability of message reception can be enhanced by :

(1) Establishing a viewpoint
(2) Exposing the ignorance of students
(3) Increasing the information load
(4) Using high decibel audio tools

Answer: (1)
Effective communication pre-supposes
(2) Domination
(3) Passivity
(4) Understanding

Answer: (4)

When verbal and non-verbal messages are contradictory, it is said that most people believe
in
(1) indeterminate messages
(2) verbal messages
(3) non-verbal messages
(4) aggressive messages

Answer: (3)

The typical feature of an information-rich classroom lecture is in the nature of being

(1) Sedentary
(2) Staggered
(3) Factual
(4) Sectoral

Answer: (3)

Expressive communication is driven by

(1) Passive aggression
(2) Encoder’s personality characteristics
(3) External clues
(4) Encoder-decoder contract

Answer: (4)

Positive classroom communication leads to

(1) Coercion
(2) Submission
(3) Confrontation
(4) Persuasion

Answer: (4)

Classroom communication is the basis of

(1) Social identity
(2) External inanities
(3) Biased passivity
(4) Group aggression

Answer: (1)

Imagine you are working in an educational institution where people are of equal status. Which method of
communication is best suited and normally employed in such a context ?
(1) Horizontal Communication
(2) Vertical communication
(3) Corporate communication
(4) Cross communication

Answer: (1)

Identify the important element a teacher has to take cognizance of while addressing students in a
classroom.
(1) Avoidance of proximity
2) Voice modulation
(3) Repetitive pause
(4) Fixed posture

Answer: (2)

What are the barriers to effective communication ?

1) Moralising, being judgemental and comments of consolation.
(2) Dialogue, summary and self-review.
(3) Use of simple words, cool reaction and defensive attitude.
(4) Personal statements, eye contact and simple narration
Answer: (1)
1) Proximity, utility, loneliness
(2) Utility, secrecy, dissonance
(3) Secrecy, dissonance, deception
(4) Dissimilarity, dissonance, deviance

Answer: (1)

As a teacher, select the best option to ensure your effective presence in the classroom.
(1) Use of peer command
(2) Making aggressive statements
3) Adoption of well-established posture
(4) Being authoritarian

Every communicator has to experience

(1) Manipulated emotions
2) Anticipatory excitement
(3) The issue of homophiles
(4) Status dislocation

Answer: (2)

The main objectives of student evaluation of teachers are :

(a) To gather information about student weaknc
(b) To make teachers take teaching seriously.
(c) To help teachers adopt innovative methods of leaching.
(d) To identify the areas of further improvement in teacher traits.
Identify the correct answer from the codes given below :
(1) (a) and (b) only (2) (b), (c) and (d) only
3) (a), (b) and (c) only (4) (a) only

Answer: (3)

Using the central point of the classroom communication as the beginning of a dynamic pattern of ideas is
referred to as :
(1) Systemisation (2) Problem – orientation
(3) Idea protocol 4) Mind mapping

Answer: (4)

Aspects of the voice, other than the speech are known as :

(1) Physical language (2) Personal language
3) Para language (4) Delivery language

Answer: (3)

Every type of communication is affected by its :

(1) Reception (2) Transmission (3) Non-regulation 4) Context

Answer: (4)

Attitudes, actions and appearances in the context of classroom communication are considered as :
(1) Verbal 2) Non-verbal (3) Impersonal (4) Irrational

Answer: (2)

Most often, the teacher – student communication is :

(1) Spurious (2) Critical 3) Utilitarian (4) Confrontational

In a classroom, a communicator’s trust level is determined by :

(1) the use of hyperbole (2) the change of voice level
(3) the use of abstract concepts 4) eye contact

Effectiveness of communication can be traced from which of the following ?

(a) Attitude surveys
(b) Performance records
(c) Students attendance
(d) Selection of communication channel
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
(1) (a), (b), (c) and (d)
(3) (b), (c) and (d)
(4) (a), (b) and (d)

Answer: (2)

Assertion (A) : Formal communication tends to be fast and flexible.

Reason (R) : Formal communication is a systematic and orderly flow of information.
(1) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is correct explanation of (A)
(2) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not correct explanation of (A)
(3) (A) is correct but, (R) is false
4) (A) is false but, (R) is correct

Answer: (4)

Which of the following are the characteristic features of communication ?

(a) Communication involves exchange of ideas, facts and opinions.
(b) Communication involves both information and understanding.
(c) Communication is a continuous process.
(d) Communication is a circular process.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below :
(1) (a), (b) and (c)
(2) (a), (b) and (d)
(3) (b), (c) and (d)
4) (a), (b), (c) and (d)

Answer: (4)

The term ‘grapevine’ is also known as :

(1) Downward communication
2) Informal communication
(3) Upward communication
(4) Horizontal communication

Answer: (2)

Which of the following is not a principle of effective communication ?

(1) Persuasive and convincing dialogue
(2) Participation of the audience
3) One-way transfer of information
(4) Strategic use of grapevine

Answer: (3)

In communication, the language is :

(1) The verbal code (2) Intrapersonal
(3) The symbolic code (4) The non-verbal code

Answer: (1)

When academicians are called to deliver lecture or presentation to an audience on certain topics or a set
of topics of educational nature, it is called
(A) Training Program B) Seminar
(C) Workshop (D) Symposium

Answer: (B)

Media is known as

(A) First Estate (C) Third Estate

(B) Second Estate D) Fourth Estate
Answer: (C)

The mode of communication that involves a single source transmitting information to a large number of
receivers simultaneously, is called
(A) Group Communication
B) Mass Communication
(C) Intrapersonal Communication
(D) Interpersonal Communication

Answer: (B)
A smart classroom is a teaching space which has

(ii) PC/Laptop connection and DVD/VCR player.

(iii) Document camera and specialized software

(iv) Projector and screen Select the correct answer from the codes given below :
(A) (i) and (ii) only
(B) (ii) and (iv) only
(C) (i). (ii) and (iii) only
(D) (i).(ii),(iii)and(iv)
Answer: (D)

The term ‘Yellow Journalism’ refers to

(A) sensational news about terrorism and violence
B) sensationalism and exaggeration to attract readers / viewers.
(C) sensational news about arts and culture
(D) sensational news prints in yellow paper.

Answer: (B)

In the classroom, the teacher sends the message either as words or images. The students are really
(A) Encoders (B) Decoders
(C) Agitators (D) Propagators

Answer: (B)

The next term in the series :

AB, ED, IH, NM, is
A) TS (B) ST
(C) TU (D) SU

Answer: (A)

In circular communication, the encoder becomes a decoder when there is

(A) noise
(B) audience
(C) criticality
D) feedback

Answer: (D)

Break-down in verbal communication is described as

(A) Short circuit
(B) Contradiction
(C) Unevenness
D)Entropy

Answer: (C)

The Telephone Model of Communication was first developed in the area of

(A) Technological theory
(B) Dispersion theory
(C) Minimal effects theory
D)Information theory

Answer: (D)

Users who use media for their own ends are identified as
(A) Passive audience
B) Active audience
(C) Positive audience
(D) Negative audience

Answer: (B)

Classroom communication can be described as

(A) Exploration
(B) Institutionalisation
(C) Unsignified
D) Discourse
Answer: (D)
(A) Productions
B) Perceptions
(C) Consumptions
(D) Creations

In communication, myths but are have power

(A) uncultural.
(B) insignificant.
C) imprecise.
(D) unpreferred

Answer: (C)

The first multi- lingual news agency of India was

(A) Samachar
(B) API
C) Hindustan Samachar
(D) Samachar Bharati

Answer: (C)

Organisational communication can also be equated with

(A) intra-personal communication.
(B) inter-personal communication.
C) group communication.
(D) mass communication.

Answer: (C)

In the process of Communication, which one Of the following is in the chronological order ?
(A) Communication, Medium, Receiver, Effect, Message
(B) Medium, Communicator, Message, Receiver, Effect
C) Communicator, Message, Medium, Receiver, Effect
(D) Message, Communicator, Medium, Receiver, Effect

Answer: (C)

Communication via New media such as computers, teleshopping, internet and mobile telephony is
termed as
(A) Entertainment
B) Interactive Communication
(C) Development Communication
(D) Communitarian

Answer: (B)

Classroom communication of a teacher rest on the principle of

(A) Infotainment
B) Edutainment
(C) Entertainment
(D) Enlightenment

Answer: (B)

is important when a teacher communicates with his / her student

(A) Sympathy
B) Empathy
(C) Apathy
(D) Antipathy

Answer: (B)

Classroom communication must be

(A) Teacher centric
B) Student centric
(C) General centric

Answer: (B)

The best method of teaching is to

(A) impart information
(B) ask students to read books
(C) suggest good reference material
D) initiate a discussion and participate in it

Interaction inside the classroom should generate

(A) Argument
(B) Information
C) Ideas
(D) Controversy

Answer: (C)

“Spare the rod and spoil the child”, gives the message that
(A) punishment in the class should be banned.
(B) corporal punishment is not acceptable.
C) undesirable behaviour must be punished.
(D) children should be beaten with rods.

Answer: (C)

The type of communication that the teacher has in the classroom, is termed as
(A) Interpersonal
(B) Mass communication
C) Group communication
(D) Face-to-face communication

Answer: (C)

\
Video-Conferencing can be classified as one of the following types of communication
(A) Visual one way
(B) Audio-Visual one way
C) Audio-Visual two way
(D) Visual two way

Answer: (C)

MC National University of Journalism and Communication is located at

(A) Lucknow B) Bhopal (C) Chennai (D) Mumbai

Answer: (B)

All India Radio (A.I.R.) for broadcasting was named in the year
(A) 1926B) 1936(C) 1946 (D) 1956

In India for broadcasting TV programmes which system is followed?

(A) NTCS B) PAL(C) NTSE (D) SECAM

Answer: (B)

The term ‘DAVP’ stands for

(A) Directorate of Advertising & Vocal Publicity
(B) Division of Audio-Visual Publicity
(C) Department of Audio-Visual Publicity
D) Directorate of Advertising & Visual Publicity

Answer: (D)

The term “TRP” is associated with TV shows stands for

A) Total Rating Points
(B) Time Rating Points
(C) Thematic Rating Points
(D) Television Rating Points

Answer: (A)
Photo bleeding means
(B) Photo placement
(C) Photo cutting
D) Photo colour adjustment

Answer: (D)

While designing communication strategy feed-forward studies are conducted by

(A) Audience
B) Communicator
(C) Satellite
(D) Media

Answer: (B)

In which language the newspapers have highest circulation ?

(A) English B) Hindi(C) Bengali (D) Tamil

Aspect ratio of TV Screen is

A) 4 : 3(B) 3 : 4 (C) 2 : 3 (D) 2 : 4

Answer: (A)

Communication with oneself is known as

(A) Organisational Communication
(B) Grapewine Communication
(C) Interpersonal Communication
D) Intrapersonal Communication

Answer: (D)

The term ‘SITE’ stands for

(A) Satellite Indian Television Experiment
(B) Satellite International Television Experiment
C) Satellite Instructional Television Experiment
(D) Satellite Instructional Teachers Education

Answer: (C)

Public communication tends to occur within a more

(A) complex structure
(B) political structure
(C) convenient structure
D) formal structure

Answer: (D)

Transforming thoughts, ideas and messages into verbal and non-verbal signs is referred to as
(A) channelisation
(B) mediation
C) encoding
(D) decoding

Effective communication needs a supportive

(A) economic environment
(B) political environment
C) social environment
(D) multi-cultural environment

Answer: (C)

A major barrier in the transmission of cognitive data in the process of communication is an individual’s
(A) personality (B) expectation (C) social status D) coding ability

Answer: (D)

When communicated, institutionalized stereotypes become

(A) myths (B) reasons (C) experiences D) convictions

Answer: (D)

In mass communication, selective perception is dependent on the receiver’s

(A) competence (B) pre-disposition C) receptivity(D) ethnicity
Answer: (C)
Media that exist in an interconnected series of communication – points are referred to as
A) Networked media

(B) Connective media

(C) Nodal media

(D) Multimedia

Answer: (A)

The information function of mass communication is described as

(A) diffusion (B) publicity C) surveillance(D) diversion

Answer: (C)

An example of asynchronous medium is

(A) Radio (B) Television (C) Film D) Newspaper

Answer: (D)

In communication, connotative words are

(A) explicit (B) abstract (C) simple D) cultural

A message beneath a message is labelled as

(A) embedded text (B) internal text (C) inter-text D) sub-text

Answer: (D)

In analog mass communication, stories are

A) static(B) dynamic (C) interactive (D) exploratory

Answer: (A)

In communication, a major barrier to reception of messages is

A) audience attitude
(B) audience knowledge
(C) audience education
(D) audience income

Answer: (A)

Post-modernism is associated with

(A) newspapers
(B) magazines
(C) radio
D) television

Answer: (D)

Didactic communication is
(A) intra-personal
B) inter-personal
(C) organisational
(D) relational

Answer: (B)

In communication, the language is

(A) the non-verbal code
(B) the verbal code
(C) the symbolic code
(D) the iconic code

Answer: (B)

Identify the correct sequence of the following :

(A) Source, channel, message, receiver
(B) Source, receiver, channel, message
(C) Source, message, receiver, channel
D) Source, message, channel, receiver

Answer: (D)
A) Signs, symbols, codes, colours
(B) Symbols, codes, signs, colours
(C) Colours, signs, codes, symbols
(D) Codes, colours, symbols, signs

Answer: (A)

Which of the following statements is not connected with communication ?

(A) Medium is the message.
(B) The world is an electronic cocoon.
(C) Information is power.
D) Telepathy is technological.

Answer: (D)

Communication becomes circular when

A) the decoder becomes an encoder
(B) the feedback is absent
(C) the source is credible
(D) the channel is clear

Answer: (A)

Which one of the following Telephonic Conferencing with a radio link is very popular throughout the world
?
(A) TPS (B) Telepresence
C) Video conference(D) Video teletext

Answer: (C)

Which is not 24 hours news channel ?

(A) NDTV24x7 (B) ZEE News
(C) Aajtak D) Lok Sabha channel

The main objective of F.M. station in radio is :

(A) Information, Entertainment and Tourism
B) Entertainment, Information and Interaction
(C) Tourism, Interaction and Entertainment
(D) Entertainment only

In communication chatting in internet is :

(A) Verbal communication (B) Non verbal communication
C) Parallel communication (D) Grapevine communication

Answer: (C)

Community Radio is a type of radio service that caters to the interest of :

A) Local audience (B) Education
(C) Entertainment (D) News

Answer: (A)

Orcut is a part of:

(A) Intra personal Communication
(B) Mass Communication
(C) Group Communication
D) Interpersonal Communication

Answer: (D)

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below :
List-I List – II
(Artists) (Art)
(a) Amrita Shergill (i) Flute
(b) T. Swaminathan Pillai (ii) Classical Song
(c) Bhimsenjoshi (iii) Painting
(d) Padma Subramaniyam (iv) Bharat Natyam
Codes :
A) (iii) (i) (ii) (iv)
(B) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv)
(C) (iv) (ii) (iii) (i)
(D) (i) (iv) (ii) (iii)

Answer: (A)

Which is not correct in latest communication award ?

(A) Salman Rushdie – Booker’s Prize – July 20, 2008
(B) Dilip Sanghavi – Business Standard CEO Award July 22, 2008
(C) Tapan Sinha – Dada Saheb Falke Award, July 21, 2008
D) Gautam Ghosh – Osians Lifetime Achievement Award July 11, 2008

Answer: (D)

Communication with oneself is known as :

(A) Group communication
(B) Grapevine communication
(C) Interpersonal communication
D) Intrapersonal communication

Answer: (D)

Which broadcasting system for TV is followed in India ?

(A) NTSE B) PAL
(C) SECAM (D) NTCS

Answer: (B)

All India Radio before 1936 was known as :

(A) Indian Radio Broadcasting
(B) Broadcasting Service of India
C) Indian Broadcasting Service
(D) All India Broadcasting Service

Answer: (C)

The biggest news agency of India is :

A) PTI (B) UNI
Answer: (A)
(C) NANAP (D) Samachar Bharati

Prasar Bharati was launched in the year :

(A) 1995 B) 1997 (C) 1999 (D) 2001

Answer: (B)

The first Indian Satellite for serving the educational sector is known as :
(A) SATEDU (B) INSAT – B
C) EDUSAT(D) INSAT-C

Answer: (C)

Exclusive educational channel of IGNOU is known as :

A) GyanDarshan (B) Cyan Vani
(C) DoorDarshan (D) Prasar Bharati

Answer: (A)

The head quarter of Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi Vishwavidyalaya is situated in:
(A) Sevagram (B) New Delhi
C) Wardha (D) Ahmedabad

Answer: (C)

Match List – I with List – II and select the correct answer using the codes given below :
List-I List-II
(Institutes) (Locations)
(a) Central Institute of English (i) Chitrakoot and Foreign Languages
(b) Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya (ii) Hyderabad
(c) Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies (iii) New Delhi
(d) IGNOU (iv) Dharmasala
(a) (b) (c) (d)
A) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)
(B) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
(C) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
(D) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii)

Answer: (A)

The aim of vocationalization of education is :

(A) preparing students for a vocation along with knowledge
(B) converting liberal education into vocational education
(C) giving more importance to vocational than general education
D) making liberal education job-oriented

Answer: (D)

Press Council of India is located at :

(A) Chennai (B) Mumbai
(C) Kolkata D) Delhi

Answer: (D)

Adjusting the photo for publication by cutting is technically known as :

(A) Photo cutting (B) Photo bleeding
C) Photo cropping (D) Photo adjustment

Answer: (C)

Feed-back of a message comes from:

(A) Satellite (B) Media
C) Audience (D) Communicator

Answer: (C)

Collection of information in advance before designing communication strategy is known as:

(A) Feed-back (B) Feed-forward
(C) Research study D) Opinion poll

Answer: (D)

The aspect ratio of TV screen is:

A) 4:3 (B) 4:2
(C) 3:5 (D) 2:3

Answer: (A)

Which one of the following can be termed as verbal communication?

(A) Prof. Sharma delivered the lecture in the class room.
(B) Signal at the cross-road changed from green to orange.
(C) The child was crying to attract the attention of the mother.
(D) Dipak wrote a letter for leave application.

Answer: (A)

Which is the 24 hours English Business news channel in India ?

(A) Zee News (B) NDTV 24×7
C) CNBC (D) India News

Answer: (C)

Consider the following statements in communication :

(i) Hema Malini is the Chairperson of the Children’s Film Society, India.
(ii) Yash Chopra is the Chairman of the Central Board of Film Certification of India.
(iii) Sharmila Tagore is the Chairperson of National Film Development Corporation.
(iv) Dilip Kumar, Raj Kapoor and Preeti Zinta have all been recipients of Dada Saheb Phalke Award.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
(A) (i) and (iii) (B) (ii) and (iii) (C) (iv) only (D) (iii) only

Which of the following pair is not correctly matched ?

B) Barkha Dutt : Zee News
(C) Pranay Roy : NDTV 24×7
(D) Prabhu Chawla : Aaj taak
Answer: (B)

“Because you deserve to know” is the punchline used by :

(A) The Times of India (B) The Hindu
(C) Indian Express D) Hindustan Times

The function of mass communication of supplying information regarding the processes, issues, events
and societal developments is known as :
A) content supply(B) surveillance
(C) gratification (D) correlation

The science of the study of feedback systems in humans, animals and machines is known as:
A) cybernetics(B) reverse communication
(C) selectivity study (D) response analysis

Answer: (A)

Networked media exist in inter-connected:

(A) social environments
(B) economic environments
(C) political environments
D) technological environments

Answer: (D)

The combination of computing, telecommunications and media in a digital atmosphere is referred to as:
(A) online communication (B) integrated media
(C) digital combine D) convergence

Answer: (D)

A dialogue between a human-being and a computer programme that occurs simultaneously in various
forms is described as:
(A) man-machine speak (B) binary chat
(C) digital talk D) interactivity

Answer: (D)