Manner of

Presenting Art
as a Subject
Ways of Representing a Subject
1. Realism 3. Symbolism
4. Fauvism
✓ hyperrealism
5. Dadaism
6. Futurism
2. Abstraction 7. Surrealism
Forms: 8. Impressionism
✓ Distortion
✓ Elongation
✓ Mangling
✓ Cubism
✓ Abstract
Expressionism
 The Stone Breakers
(Gustave Courbet, 1849)
REALISM
▪ Began in France in 1850’s
▪ Popularity grew with introduction of
photography
▪ Portraying art according to
objective reality
3
 Pictorial realism (i.e. similarity
of the visual experience of an
image and its model) corresponds
best with the visual experiences
a person has of the natural
world.

4
HYPERREALISM
 Hyperrealism… is a realism at
a certain level

HYPER
REALISM
5
 ABSTRACTION
Latin abstractus = drawn away
Withdrawn or separated from
material objects or practical matters.

Opposite of realism
Does not show objective reality but

Marcel Duchamp,
Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2. 1912.
exaggerated emotionalism
6 oil on canvass, 58x35 inches
 Cubism
Use of multiple vantage points

to fracture images
into geometric forms
dynamic arrangements of volumes and planes

background and foreground merged

7
 Distortion
Illustrator Henrietta Harris creates
beautiful pictures using
watercolour and gouache. Her
skilfully hand-drawn hands, faces,
brains, glaciers seem to float
away from each other, reminding
us of those moments when your
body is present but your mind
drifts to far away places.

Henrietta Harris
8
 Cubism

Pablo Picasso,
Nude under a Pine Tree.
1959. Oil in canvass.

He experimented with profound

distortions and reorganizations of
spatial forms in figures.

9
 Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) Houses at L'Estaque (1908), Georges Braque
Pablo Picasso
… no horizon line and no use of traditional shading to add
… sexuality is not just aggressive, but also primitive
depth to objects, so that the houses and the landscape all
seem to overlap and to occupy the foreground of the
picture plane
10
 Maquette for Guitar (1912)
Pablo Picasso
Assemblage (3D collage)

Violin and Palette (1909) Tea Time (1911)

11 Georges Braque Jean Metzinger
12 Still Life with Open Window, Rue Ravignan (1915), Juan Gris
 Distortion and Cubism

This painted created a riot in

1912 and made Duchamp
famous as a chief proponent of
the distortions of Cubism and
modern art at that time.
Marcel Duchamp,
Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2. 1912.
13 oil on canvass, 58x35 inches
 ELONGATION

Faiza Maghni, 1964

"The View“Ernie Barnes

14
 Mangling
– subject or objects are cut,
lacerated, mutilated, torn, hacked,
or disfigured

15
 Harmony Squares With Concentric
Rings (1913) By Wassily Kandinsky
a pioneer of Non-Objective art.

ABSTRACT
EXPRESSIONISM
About feelings and mood of the
artist

All about shapes,

no real-life images,
scenery, or objects

Black Abstraction (1927)

16 Metropolitan Museum of Art, NYC.
By Georgia O'Keeffe.
 ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM

Modern art movement from America after WWII

Artists apply paint rapidly,

with force in huge canvasses
To show feelings and emotions
Gestures, non-geometrical, large
brushes,
Abstraktes Bild [599] (1986) – Gerhard Richter dripping, throwing

sold for $44.52 million (£30.4 million), the highest price paid for a
17
painting by any living European artist.
 Drip Painting
Blue Poles, 1952 – Jackson Pollock
‘$1.3m for dribs and drabs’.

The act of painting

& qualities of the paint

Not the finished product

18
 SYMBOLISM
A visual sign for
something invisible
(idea / quality)

It makes art subjective

and conventional.

19
 Symbol for “social, moral, political life: humanity
unredeemed, reason and aspiration in open fight with
prejudice, fanaticism, and injustice”
20
 your vision clearing and focusing in on a new direction

a message of prophesy

The eyes are the gateway to the soul.

21
22 The eye of Horus is a gateway into the unseen realms of life and death.
 FAUVISM
French: les fauves = the wild beast
End of 19th century
Emphasized spontaneity and use of

extreme bright
colors
HENRI MATISSE (1869-1954)
23 'The Roofs of Collioure', 1905 (oil on canvas)
 FAUVISM
Use of symbolic color

“believed that color had a

mystical quality that could express
our feelings about a subject rather
than simply describe a scene”

HENRI MATISSE (1869-1954)

24 'The Open Window, Collioure', 1905 (oil on canvas)
 'The Pool of London', 1906 (oil on canvas)

'View of Colloiure' (1905) by Andre Derain.

25 'The Turning Road at L'Estaque', 1906 (oil on canvas)

 'Henley Regatta' (1933)
Raoul Dufy

26
DADAISM
'Dada' means 'hobbyhorse'

Non-sensical way

The great paradox of Dada is that

they claimed to be

anti-art.
 Dadaism
RAOUL HAUSMANN (1886-1971)
'The Spirit of Our Time', 1920
(assemblage)

MAN RAY (1890-1976)

'Cadeau (Gift)' 1921
(Flat Iron with Brass Tacks)
28
 Dadaism

RAOUL HAUSMANN (1886-1971)

'ABCD' 1920 (collage)

HANNAH HÖCH (1889-1978)

'Incision With The Dada Kitchen Knife Through
Germany's Last Weimar Beer Belly Cultural Epoch'
29 1920 (Collage)
 Dadaism

JOHANNES THEODOR BAARGELD (1892 -1927)

'Typical Vertical Misrepresentation as a Depiction of the Dada Baargeld'
1920 (photomontage)

GEORGE GROSZ (1893-1959) MAX ERNST (1891-1976)

30
'The Pillars of Society' 1926 (oil on canvas) 'Murdering Airplane' 1920 (photomontage)
 Dadaism
MARCEL DUCHAMP (1887-1968)
'Fountain' 1917 (ready-made)

MARCEL DUCHAMP (1887-1968)

JEAN (HANS) ARP (1886-1966) 'L.H.O.O.Q', 1919 (ready-made)
'Rectangles Arranged According to the Laws of Chance'
1917 (collage)
 FUTURISM
Love for speed, technology, violence
Celebrating technology, future era
Car, plane, industrial town
Triumph of man over nature

Boccioni, Umberto: Unique Forms of Continuity in

Space
Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, bronze sculpture
by Umberto Boccioni, c. 1913; in the Mattioli Collection.

32
 SURREALISM
Offshoot or child of dada
Also super realism
Making ordinary things look extraordinary
Real things found in the imagination and fantasy

explored the hidden depths of the 'unconscious mind'

33
 RENÉ MAGRITTE (1898-1967)
The Philosopher's Lamp, 1936
(Oil on Canvas)

SALVADOR DALI (1904-1989)

Soft Construction with Boiled Beans
(Premonition of Civil War), 1936 (Oil on Canvas)
34
 RENÉ MAGRITTE (1898-1967)
The Son of Man, 1964 (Oil on Canvas)

MAX ERNST (1891-1976)

The Eye of Silence, 1943-44 (oil on canvas)
35
36
Impressionism
⪢ Also called optical
realism

⪢ Describing visual
sensations derived
from nature
Impressionism

Artists applied their

paint in small
brightly colored
strokes which meant
sacrificing much of
the outline and
detail of their
subject.

ALFRED SISLEY (1839-99)

'Flood at Port Marley', 1876 (oil on canvas)
 Impressionism

painting
'en plein air'
(painting outside)

CAMILLE PISSARRO (1831-1903)

'Gelée Blanche - Hoarfrost', 1873 (oil on canvas)
 INDIVIDUAL.
Assignment due next Tuesday.

Create an artwork (collage, Rubric:

assemblage, sculpture, painting,
drawing, etc.) of
a subject
represented with at least Content/Relevance – 25
one of the ways discussed Creativity – 15
today. Impact – 10
Total – 50 points
8.5x11
Subject:
Manner of Presenting:
Level of Meaning (factual,
subjective, conventional)

40