Edfs Topics WK 10 - 11
Edfs Topics WK 10 - 11
Edfs Topics WK 10 - 11
Teachers guide and support Students are encouraged to Schools design curricula that
students in their learning process participate actively in their balance academic subjects with
learning by asking questions moral, spiritual, physical
and engaging in discussions education
Teachers exemplify good moral Students work together with Schools create environments that
and ethical behavior others, fostering teamwork promote respect, tolerance and
and mutual understanding understanding among students
Integrate spiritual and moral Show respect for teachers, Activities outside the classroom to
lessons into their teaching, helping peers and the school support students’ holistic
students develop strong values environment development including sports and
arts
INTEGRATED EDUCATION
- In Chinese, the word “integrated” literally means putting different cultures together,
based on positive moral concepts
Combining various subject and learning Definition Combining islamic teachings with
methods to create a comprehensive secular subjects to provide a balanced
education education
OBJECTIVES
- Develop students in a balanced way, including intellectually, emotionally, physically
and spiritually
- Equip students with necessary knowledge and skills for the modern world
- Instill good values and ethics in students
STRUCTURE OF KBSM
- The mandatory subjects include subjects like Malay Language, English,
Mathematics, Science, History, and Islamic Education or Moral Education
- Students can choose elective subjects based on their interests and career
aspirations, such as additional languages, technical subjects, and arts
- Includes activities outside the classroom like sports, clubs, and community service
are also part of the curriculum to ensure holistic development
CHARACTERISTICS
1. Integrated Learning : Subjects are taught in a way that integrates different fields of
knowledge, making learning more interconnected and relevant
2. Student-Centered : Focuses on the needs and interests of students, encouraging
active participation and engagement in learning
3. Critical Thinking : Emphasizes the development of critical thinking and
problem-solving skills
4. Moral Education : Strong emphasis on moral and ethical education to develop
well-rounded individuals.
1. Curriculum Content
- Inclusion of ICT into the syllabus to enhance digital literacy to fulfil Vision 2020
- Subjects like Science and Mathematics have been updated to include recent
advancements and discoveries
- Introduction of subjects such as TMK/RBT which focus on practical and technical
skills
1. Structure of Education
- Establishment of Preschool Education as it recognize the importance of early
childhood education and incorporated it into the national education system
- For Primary and Secondary Education, they standardized curriculum and exams
for primary (6 years) and secondary education (5 years)
- Strengthen the role of universities and colleges, promoting higher education and
lifelong learning
2. Language of Instruction
- Emphasized the use of Bahasa Malaysia as the main medium of instruction while
also promoting the learning of English and other languages
Not written, unclear Platform & Vision Based on philosophy of education and
‘WAWASAN 2020’
Only covers the few levels of education National Education Covers all levels of education in
System schools and institution under the
national education system (except
private schools)
Allocation does not exist as well as National Curriculum Used by all schools in the National
exams Education System
Providing a six-year course of primary Duration for Primary Primary education designed for
education Education and After duration of six years but may
Secondary completed within five to seven years
Education After secondary, can continue for form
6, matric or higher education
Compulsory if there has request from 15 Teaching Islam Compulsory subject in all school
students and above including private (if there has req from 5
and above students)
CORPORATIZATION OF EDUCATION
ADVANTAGES
- More funding sources that can lead to better facilities, more research opportunities
and improved education quality
- Compete globally that can drive universities to meet higher educational standard
- Universities can quickly adapt to changing market demands, offering new courses
and programs that align with job market demands
DISADVANTAGES
- With a focus on revenue, tuition fees often increase, making education less
affordable for many and leads to debt
- There may be more contract-based employment, leading to job insecurity for
academic and administrative staff
- The focus on profitability can sometimes overshadow the primary educational
mission, leading to decisions that prioritize financial gain over academic quality
PRIVATIZATION OF EDUCATION
1. Private Schools
- International School : follow international curricula like IB, IGCSE
- Ex : International School of Kuala Lumpur (ISKL)
- Independent Private Schools : follow the Malaysian national curriculum but are
privately funded
- Ex : Sri KDU Schools
ADVANTAGES
- They often focus on niche areas and provide specialized training that may not be
available in public universities
- They have modern facilities and resources due to investments from private resources
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
- Private investment can lead to improved facilities, technology and resources for
students
- Standardized testing and performance metrics can help ensure that educational
institutions maintain certain quality standards
- Programs can be developed to meet current job market demands, ensuring students
acquire relevant skills
DISADVANTAGES
- Higher tuition fees can make education less accessible and lead students to debt
- Some private institutions may prioritize profits and neglects their academic matter
- Teachers and staff may face job insecurity and increased workloads as institutions
drive for efficiency
INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) / SMART SCHOOLS
1. The earlier effort was to teach computer literacy to familiarize students with
computers. The Ministry of Education decided to incorporate computing across the
subjects
2. Many schools are equipped with smart classrooms like interactive whiteboards,
projectors, internet
3. Platforms such as Google Classroom, Ms teams, Zoom are used for online learning
and assignment submissions
4. Students and teachers have access to digital libraries with a vast array of e-books,
journals and other resources
ADVANTAGES
- Makes learning more enjoyable and more engaging, and students can access
educational materials anytime and anywhere
- Personalized learning paths can be created to cater to individual student needs
- ICT facilitates lifelong learning opportunities through online courses and resources
- Use of technology fosters critical thinking and problem-solving skills
DISADVANTAGES
1. Internationalization of Curriculum
- Malaysian educational institutions adopt curricula that align with international
standards
- Ex : IB (International Baccalaureate) program in several Malaysian schools
- English is often used alongside Bahasa Malaysia as the medium of instruction to
prepare students for global communication and opportunities
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES