PRACTICAL MANUAL

ON COMPUTER NETWORKING

CTE 227

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 WORKSHOP 1

A. TITLE: IDENTIFICATION OF VARIOUS NETWORK COMPONENTS /HARDWARES

/EQUIPMENT/CABLES.

B. AIMS: To familiarize students with various components used in computer network

C. OBJECTIVE: To identify various (i) networking components (ii) networking hardware (iii)
networking tools and (iv) network cables and connectors

D. SIGNIFICANCE: Networking Computer either wired or wireless requires multiples

components for implementation. Understanding the importance of these various
components help in designing the right network for home or business environment.

E. EQUIPMENT: Various networking tools, cables, hardwares, connectors, etc

F. PROCEDURE: Carefully identify various tool, cables, hardwares and components for
computer Network

G. CONCLUSION: Write your conclusion

H. EXERCISES: (I) Draw a well label diagram of a coaxial cable

(ii) Draw the diagram of a crimping tool

(iii) Differentiate between switch and hub

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 WORKSHOP 2

A. TITLE: CONNECTION OF A NETWORK CABLE

B. AIM: To familiarize students with various methods of network cabling

C. OBJECTIVE: To connect various types of network cable with their connectors using
appropriate tools.

D. SIGNIFICANCE: The types of network cables employed in any network infrastructure is

one of the most important aspects of networking, these cables are used to connect and
transfer data and information between computers, routers and switches. However, the
appropriate type of cabling to be use will depend on the structure and topology of the
overall architecture of the network.

E. EQUIPMENT: Various types of cables and connectors, crimppler, cable stripper, scissors,
LAN tester.

F. PROCEDURE: Various cables will be given to you during the workshop, carefully connect
each cable with its connector using appropriate tool and follow these procedures.

• Pull: Pull the cable off the reel to the desired length and cut.

Note: The total length of wire segments between a PC and a hub or between two
PC’s cannot exceed 100meters (328feet) for 100Base-TX and 300meters for
10Base-T

• Stripe cable: Start on one end and stripe the cable jacket off (about 1”- 11/2”)
using a stripper or a knife.

Note: Be extra careful not to nick the wires or cut into conductor insulator.
Otherwise, you will need to start over again

• Untwist wire ends: Spread, untwist the pairs, and arrange the wires in the other
of the desired cable end.

• Arrange the wire using color coding: e.g

For straight through

(i) TIA /EIA 568A: GRW-GR, ORW-BL, BLW-OR, BRW- BR
OR
(ii) TIA /EIA 568B: ORW-OR, GRW-BL, BLW-G, BRW-BR

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 For cross over cable
(i) 1ST END: GW-G, OW-Bl, BlW-O, BrW-Br
(ii) ND
2 END: OW-O, GW-Bl, BlW-G, BrW-Br

• Trim wire to size: Flatten the end between your thumb and fore finger. Trim the
ends of the wires so they are even with one another, leaving only ½” in wire
length.

Note: If it is longer than ½” it will be out-of-specification and susceptible to

crosstalk. Flatten and insure there are no spaces between wires.

• Attached connector: Hold the RJ-45 plug with the clip facing down or away from
you. Push the wires firmly into the plug. Inspect each wire is flat even at the
front of the plug.

• Check: Check the order of wires (i.e. left –to- right with RJ 45 tab facing
downward). Double check again. Check that the jacket is fitted right against the
stop of the plug.

• Crimp: Carefully hold the wire and squeeze firmly to crimp connector onto cable
end (8 pairs) using crimpler.

• Check and test: Check the color orientation, check that the crimped connection
is not about to come apart, and check to see if the wires are flat against the front
of the plug. Then test the Ethernet cable using LAN tester.

G. CONCLUSION: Write your conclusion

H. EXERCISES: (I) State two (2) methods of connecting twisted pair cable.

(ii) Draw a well label diagram of coaxial cable connectors

(iii) Highlight the application area of the two (2) methods of

connecting twisted pair cable

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 WORKSHOP 3

A. TITLE: Setup a wired network

B. AIM: To familiarize students with method of networking two or more computers using
wire/cable

C. OBJECTIVE: To: (i) Determine the size of a network (ii) Select the network by identifying
the IP addressing scheme (e.g. “192.168.0.n” for private network) and assigning a
subnet mask (e.g. “255.255.255.0 for class C” ) (iii) Select the workgroup (iv)Verify the
connectivity

D. SIGNIFICANCE: Wired network enables the use of Ethernet cables to transfer data
between different devices and computer systems with a constant and faster speed, thus
eliminate the fears of security breach and signal interference in the network.

E. EQUIPMENT: Computer with windows Xp, or windows Vista or windows 7 or 8

operating System, Switch, patch cable etc.

F. PROCEDURE:

(i) Computer with various operating systems were given, determine the size of the
network (15-20) to know if it is necessary to hire consultant for all wiring and
installation based issues. Then possess round-the-clock Internet connectivity
through the chosen Internet Service Provider.

(ii) Identify the IP addressing scheme and then progressively assign IP addresses to
servers on the network (e.g. “192.168.0.n” for private network). Once done,
assign a subnet mask of "255.255.255.0" for this range (i.e. for class C).

(iii) Select a workgroup name and assign it to each computer on the network by:

• Click Start
• Right-click ‘Computer’ and click ‘Properties’
• Click the ‘Change Settings’ button and change the workgroup name
under computer name/domain changes (for windows 7).
• Once done, you can leave the default workgroup name, which would be
‘MSHOME’ on Windows Vista and Windows 7, but then in case if you
have Windows XP or an older OS on your PC, the default should be
changed to ‘WORKGROUP’ or ‘MSHOME’.

(iv) Verifying the network connectivity by:

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 • Click Start
• Computer and expand the Network link to see other available devices on
the network. If you can see all the other attached computers and
printers, you are done.
• If otherwise, check the network interface configuration, make all
necessary corrections and retest.

G. CONCLUSION: Write your conclusion in carried out this workshop

H. EXERCISES: Explain what you understand by wired network and state various guided
transmission media.

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 WORKSHOP 4

A. TITLE: Connection of Two Computers Together with an Ethernet Cross-Over Cable.

B. AIM: To familiarize students with method of networking two computer systems

together in order to transfer file(s) or share resources without using switches

C. OBJECTIVE: To: (i) Use cross-over cable to connect two computers together in windows
XP (ii) Use cross-over cable to connect two computers together in windows vista,7 or
windows 8

D. SIGNIFICANCE: If you need to connect two computers to share data, resources, and
more but you don't have access to a network and cannot set up an ad hoc network, you
can use an Ethernet crossover cable to create a direct cable connection. Ethernet ports
have both inputs and outputs, and the crossover cable is switched so that the output
from one computer connects to the input of the other. A crossover cable is constructed
by reversing ("crossing over") the order of the wires inside so that it can connect two
computers directly. A crossover cable looks almost exactly like a regular Ethernet cable
(a "straight-through" cable).

E. EQUIPMENT: Computer with windows Xp, or windows Vista, or windows 7 or 8

operating System, cross-over cable, LAN tester etc.

F. PROCEDURE:

(a) For Windows XP

(i) Make a Direct Cable Connection

• Click Start, click Control Panel, and then double-click Network Connections.
• Under Network Tasks, click Create a new connection, and then click Next.
• Click Set up an advanced connection, and then click Next.
• Click Connect directly to another computer, and click Next.
• Choose the role this machine will play in the communication. If this computer
has the information to which you need to gain access, click Host. If this computer
will access information from the other computer, click Guest.

(ii) Set Up the Host Computer

• Click the connection device that you want to use for this connection (a parallel or
serial port, or an infrared port), and then click Next.
• Grant access to the users who are allowed to connect by selecting the
appropriate check boxes, and then click Next.
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 • Click Finish to end the configuration process.

(iii) Set Up the Guest Computer

• Type a name to identify this connection, and then click Next.

• Click the connection device that you want to use for this connection (a parallel or
serial port, or an infrared port), and then click Next.
• Decide whether this connection will be available for all users (click Anyone's
use), or only for you (click My use only), and then click Next.
• Click Finish to end the setup process.

(bi) For Windows Vista, 7 or 8

• Plug each end of the crossover cable into a network port on the back of each
computer.

• On one of the computers that is running this version of Windows, do the

following:

• Open Network and Sharing Center by clicking the Start button , clicking Control
Panel, clicking Network and Internet, and then clicking Network and Sharing
Center.

• In the network map at the top of Network and Sharing Center, double-click the
Unidentified network icon. (If you have more than one network, this icon will be
labeled Multiple networks.)

• If network discovery and file sharing are turned OFF, in Network, click the
Information bar containing the following message: "Network discovery and file
sharing are turned off. Network computers and devices are not visible. Click to
change...," and then click Turn ON network discovery and file sharing. If you
are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the password
or provide confirmation.

• In the Network discovery and file sharing dialog box, select one of the following
options:

 No, make the network that I am connected to a private network

 Yes, turn on network discovery and file sharing for all public networks
The first option is usually the best choice because it only affects the network that
you are connected to.

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 Notes
 Networks created with crossover cables are automatically set up as "Public place"
networks, which means that network discovery, file sharing, and printer sharing are off by
default.

 Icons for both computers should now be visible in the Network window. Double-click
each computer icon to share printers and other resources.

Note
 If one of the computers is running Windows XP, it can take some time for that computer
to appear in the Network window. You might need to move both computers to the same
workgroup. You can do that by changing the workgroup on either computer. You might
also need to turn ON file and printer sharing on the computer running Windows XP.

(bii) For Windows XP and Windows Vista, 7 or 8

 Open the Control Panel. From the Start menu, select Control Panel or Settings,
and then Control Panel.

 Double-click System, and then select the Computer Name tab. Enter the name
of each computer and the name of the workgroup

• The name of each computer should be unique, but the workgroup

name must be identical for both

 Set up the network connection. From the Control Panel, double-click Network
Connections, and then connect the computer using the crossover cable.

• If either machine's status is shown as "Disconnected", the cable is

either not firmly seated or bad.

 Enable file sharing. Right-click the icon for the network connection, and then
select Properties. Click the Advanced tab, and then click Windows Firewall
Settings.

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 • In the Windows Firewall Settings window, click the Exceptions tab, and
make sure that Printer and File Sharing is selected.
• It may take some time for the computer to obtain IP addresses and
appear in the Network Connections window.
• Note: if you're connecting two Windows XP computers, you'll need to do
the above steps for both computers.

G. CONCLUSION: Write your conclusion in carried out this workshop

H. EXERCISES: Explain in detail what you understand by cross-over cable

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 WORKSHOP 5

A. TITLE: Configuration of Network Printer

B. AIM: To familiarize students the needs to configure and share printer on network

C. OBJECTIVE: To: (i) Install a Network Printer (ii) Share a Printer on a Home group
Network (iii)Share a Printer on a Home Network in Windows Vista, 7 or 8

D. SIGNIFICANCE: Configuring printer on a computer network is a process of allowing

multiple computers and devices on the same network, to have access to printing facilities.
The printer can be share to allow each computer or device to print to shared printer, and to
some extent make changes to the printer settings depending on the administrative
permission.

E. EQUIPMENT: Computer with windows 7 & 8 operating system, Printer with cable and its
installation CD.

F. PROCEDURE:

Just because you have more than one computer doesn't mean you need to have
a printer for each computer.

(i) Install a Network Printer

Obtain the name that has been given to the network printer.

• Contact your network administrator if you are unfamiliar with the name of the
network printer you need to install.
• Turn on the network printer.
• Click on the Start button or Windows logo from the bottom left-hand corner of
your computer screen.
• Select "Devices and Printers" by clicking on it.
• Select "Add a Printer" by clicking on it to bring up the Add Printer wizard.
• Click on "Add a network, wireless or Bluetooth printer."
• Click on the name of the printer you want to set up from the list of available
printers that appear.
• Click on the "Next" button.
• Click on "Install driver" if you are prompted to install the printer driver.

Note: You may be prompted to type in the administrator password if you are
connected to a network.

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 • Click on the "Finish" button to finish installing the printer and close the Add
Printer wizard.

(ii) Share a Printer on a Homegroup Network

• Go to the computer that your printer is physically plugged into.

• Click on the Windows logo or Start button on the bottom of the computer
screen.
• Click on "Control Panel."
• Type "homegroup" into the search field, which can be found in the upper-right
corner of the Control Panel window.
• Click directly on "HomeGroup" when it appears in the search results.

Note: You may also click on the "Share Printers" link within the HomeGroup section.

• Place a check mark next to "Printers."

• Click on "Save changes."

Note: By default, there should already be a check mark next to "Printers."

• Walk over to the computer with which you want to share the printer.
• Click on the Start button.
• Select "Control Panel."
• Type "homegroup" into the search box.
• Select "HomeGroup" from the search results window.
• Click on "Install Printer."
• Click "Install driver" from the dialog box that appears if you need to install the
current driver for your printer.
• Access the printer as if it was physically connected by using the print dialog box
from any program on your computer.

Note: You must power on the computer the printer is connected to in order to print
documents from the other computer.

Print a Test Page

• Click on the Start button and choose "Devices and Printers."

• Locate the name of your printer and right-click on it.
• Click on "Printer Properties."
• Click on "Print Test Page" from the tab with the General heading.

Tips

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 • Any printer with a USB port can be shared on a homegroup network in Windows
7.
• Bluetooth and Wi-Fi printers can also be connected to a network without being
connected to another computer or print server.

(iii) Share a Printer on a Home Network in Windows Vista, 7 or 8

Here is how to share a printer between several computers on a network in Windows 7.

Note: Before sharing your printer, you have to set up File and printer sharing.

 Here's how to set up File and printer sharing:

• Click on Start in the bottom left corner of your screen. A popup list will appear.
• Select Control Panel from the popup list. Type the word network in the search
box.
• Click on Network and Sharing Center.
• Click on Change advanced shared settings, in the left pane.
• Click on the down arrow, which will expand the network profile.
• Select File and printer sharing and choose Turn on file and printer sharing.
• Click on Save changes.

 You're now ready to share your printer:

• Click on Start in the bottom left corner of your screen. A popup list will appear.
• Click on Devices and Printers, from the popup list.
• Right click the printer you want to share. A dropdown list will appear.
• Select Printer properties from the dropdown list.
• Click on the Sharing tab
• Select the Share this printer check box.

Note: In order for other people to connect to the printer, they just have to add the
network printer that you just opened for sharing to their computers.

 Here's how to do this:

• Click on Start in the bottom left corner of your screen. A popup list will appear.
• Click on Devices and Printers from the popup list.
• Select Add a printer.
• Click on Add a network, wireless or Bluetooth printer.
• Click the shared printer.
• Click Next. Continue according to the instructions on the screen

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G. CONCLUSION: Write your conclusion in carried out this workshop

H. EXERCISES: Explain wired network with an Illustrative diagram.

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 WORKSHOP 6

A. TITLE: Setup a wireless network

B. AIM: To acquaint students with method of networking two or more computers without
using wire/cable

C. OBJECTIVE: To: (i) Name the Network (ii) Choose the Encryption Type (iii) Verifying the
Network Connectivity

D. SIGNIFICANCE: A wireless or Wi-Fi network provides all the functions of a wired

network, while also giving the flexibility to be in different locations within the radio-
signal network. You can remain connected to the Internet, a printer, and share the
network with more than one computer while enjoying the mobility of your notebook
computer.

E. EQUIPMENT: Computer with windows Xp, or windows Vista, or windows 7 or 8

operating System, router, wireless card etc.

F. PROCEDURE:

(i) Name the Network by:

• Assign a broadcast SSID, or network name, to your wireless router

• Scan for available networks.
• Choose a name which is obscure and not associated with your home or business.
Please take note the specific instructions for this step and the next one differ
according to the specific wireless router being used.

(ii) Choose the Encryption Type by:

• Assign an encryption type to your network

• Choose WPA2-Enterprise or WPA2-Personal for the highest security available
• In the next step; assign a passphrase of at least eight alphanumeric characters
for the encryption algorithm.
• For doing so, please note the router would need to be restarted to make any
configuration changes effective
(iii) Verifying the Network Connectivity by:

• Click Start
• Computer and expand the ‘Network’ link to see other devices located the
network.
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 • In case, if other attached devices such as computers and printers are found, you
are finished.
• If you cannot see other computers, check the network interface configuration,
make the necessary corrections and retest.

G. CONCLUSION: Write your conclusion in carried out this workshop

H. EXERCISES: Explain wireless Network.

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 WORKSHOP 7

A. TITLE: Setup a Computer – to – Computer (ad-hoc) Network

B. AIM: To acquaint students with method of networking two computer together

wirelessly.

C. OBJECTIVE: To: (i) Setup a computer-to- computer (ad-hoc) network in windows 7. (ii)
Setup a computer-to- computer (ad-hoc) network in windows Xp.

D. SIGNIFICANCE: You can connect two computers wireless directly without a

router/access point by setting up an ad-hoc wireless network, as long as both have
compatible wireless adapters. Such ad-hoc wireless network is easy to configure, it can
be up and running within minutes. The main disadvantage is limited range - wireless
coverage is limited by the capability of your wireless adapters, which is usually lower
than a router/access point. You can have up to 9 wireless clients in an ad-hoc wireless
network. An ad hoc network is a temporary connection between computers and devices
used for a specific purpose, such as sharing documents during a meeting or playing
multiplayer computer games. You can also temporarily share an Internet connection
with other people on your ad hoc network, so those people don’t have to set up their
own Internet connections. Ad hoc networks can only be wireless, so you must have a
wireless network adapter installed in your computer to set up or join an ad hoc network.

E. EQUIPMENT: Computer with windows Xp with network adapter, or windows 7 or 8

operating System with network adapter.

F. PROCEDURE:

(i) Setup a computer-to- computer (ad-hoc) network in windows 7.

• Open Network and Sharing Center by clicking the Start button , and then
clicking Control Panel. In the search box, type network, and then click Network
and Sharing Center.
• Click Set up a new connection or network.
• Click Set up a wireless ad hoc (computer-to-computer) network, click Next, and
then follow the steps in the wizard.
• Give your network a name and choose security options e.g. network name;
security type; security key and then click next.

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 Notes

• If one or more of the networked computers is joined to a domain, each person

using the network will need to have a user account on that computer to see and
access shared items on it.
• If the networked computers aren't joined to a domain, but you want to require
people to have a user account on your computer to access shared items, turn on
password-protected sharing in Advanced sharing settings.

 To turn on password protected sharing

• An ad hoc network is automatically deleted after all users disconnect from the
network or when the person who set up the network disconnects and goes out
of range of the other users of the network, unless you choose to make it a
permanent network when you create it.
• If you share your Internet connection, Internet connection sharing (ICS) will be
disabled if you disconnect from the ad hoc network, you create a new ad hoc
network without disconnecting from the old ad hoc network for which you
enabled ICS, or you log off and then log back on (without disconnecting from the
ad hoc network).
• If you set up an ad hoc network and share your Internet connection, and then
someone logs on to the same computer by using Fast User Switching, the
Internet connection will still be shared, even if you didn't intend to share it with
that person.

G. CONCLUSION: Write your conclusion in carried out this workshop

H. EXERCISES: Explain ad-hoc network.

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